1
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Ai HJ, Geng HQ, Gu XW, Wu XF. Manganese-Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation of Alkyl Chlorides. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jun Ai
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hui-Qing Geng
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Xing-Wei Gu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, Liaoning China
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2
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Ai HJ, Yuan Y, Wu XF. Ruthenium pincer complex-catalyzed heterocycle compatible alkoxycarbonylation of alkyl iodides: substrate keeps the catalyst active. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2481-2486. [PMID: 35310509 PMCID: PMC8864804 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06581e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The electron pair of the heteroatom in heterocycles will coordinate with metal catalysts and decrease or even inhibit their catalytic activity consequently. In this work, a pincer ruthenium-catalyzed heterocycle compatible alkoxycarbonylation of alkyl iodides has been developed. Benefitting from the pincer ligand, a variety of heterocycles, such as thiophenes, morpholine, unprotected indoles, pyrrole, pyridine, pyrimidine, furan, thiazole, pyrazole, benzothiadiazole, and triazole, are compatible here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jun Ai
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Yang Yuan
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science 116023 Dalian Liaoning China
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3
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Wang T, Xu M, Jupp AR, Chen SM, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Stephan DW. Frustrated Lewis pair catalyzed hydrodehalogenation of benzyl-halides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1175-1178. [PMID: 34981087 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05943b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
10 mol% B(2,6-C6F2H3)3 in the presence of excess tetramethylpiperidine (TMP) and H2 (or D2) is shown to catalyze the hydrogenative dehalogenation of benzyl-halides to give corresponding toluene derivatives. These reactions proceed via an initial FLP activation of H2 yielding the ammonium hydridoborate [TMPH][HB(2,6-C6F2H3)3]. This species acts in analogy to a FLP to cooperatively activate C-X bond (X = Cl, Br, I) of benzyl-halides delivering hydride and generating the corresponding ammonium halide salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S3H6, Canada. .,College of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Maotong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S3H6, Canada.
| | - Andrew R Jupp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S3H6, Canada.
| | - Shi-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S3H6, Canada.
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, Bonn 53115, Germany.
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, Bonn 53115, Germany.
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S3H6, Canada.
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4
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Gu Y, Yin H, Wakeling M, An J, Martin R. Defunctionalization of sp3 C–Heteroatom and sp3 C–C Bonds Enabled by Photoexcited Triplet Ketone Catalysts. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Gu
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Hongfei Yin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Matthew Wakeling
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Juzeng An
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluïs Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Reddy BRP, Auffrant A, Gosmini C. Dehalogenation and Desulfonation from Aryl and Alkyl Compounds with a Cobalt Catalyst in the Presence of Alcohol. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Audrey Auffrant
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire CNRS, École Polytechnique, IP Paris 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Corinne Gosmini
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire CNRS, École Polytechnique, IP Paris 91128 Palaiseau France
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6
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Liu Y, Wang Z, Zhao Z, Gao P, Ma N, Liu Q. Efficient base-free hydrodehalogenation of organic halides catalyzed by a well-defined diphosphine-ruthenium(II) complex. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Wang T, Chen Y, Chen N, Xu J, Yang Z. Iridium-catalyzed highly stereoselective deoxygenation of tertiary cycloalkanols: stereoelectronic insights and synthetic applications. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9004-9011. [PMID: 34607335 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01690c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Excellent and unique diastereoselectivity is observed in the iridium-catalyzed deoxygenation of tertiary cyclohexanols and cyclopentanols. The substituent effect on the diastereoselectivity and detailed control models are analyzed case by case, using tertiary monocyclic and polycyclic cyclohexanols, bicyclic bridged cycloalkanols, and cyclopentanols as the model substrates. The selectivity is decided by the steric environment of the carbocation intermediates and is independent of the catalyst loading. Stereoelectronically, the iridium hydride approaches the carbocation in directions perpendicular to the carbocation plane. The sterically large iridium hydride delivers its hydride in the sterically least hindered direction to the carbocation. The deoxygenation has found important applications in the stereospecific arylations of sterically complex compounds. Our deoxygenation is stereochemically very different from the coupling reactions and can be used to specifically synthesize stereoisomers that are not available via cross-couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Zhanhui Yang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
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8
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Abstract
Cross-coupling reactions are powerful synthetic tools to construct diverse chemical bonds often found in, for example, advanced materials and pharmaceuticals. Since their discovery, haloarenes have habitually been used as electrophilic coupling partners both in academic and industrial contexts. However, concerning the efficiency and the often-negative environmental impact of haloarene-based cross-coupling processes, more readily available, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly electrophiles have been explored.Nitroarenes, for example, are obtained from the facile nitration of aromatic compounds and, thus, represent one of the most easy-to-access feedstock electrophiles. Furthermore, their electron-deficient arene core can be functionalized easily and site-selectively through a wide variety of reactions. Yet, despite these advantages and even though the direct transformation of the NO2 group would be an attractive option in cross-coupling chemistry, it has so far remained difficult to convert nitroarenes via a cleavage of the Ar-NO2 bond given the inherent reactivity (or the lack thereof) of the nitro group. Such denitrative conversion has been performed by a conventional sequence of reduction, diazotization, and Sandmeyer reactions, which severely lacks efficiency and generality.This Account summarizes our recent research progress on cross-coupling reactions that employ nitroarenes as electrophiles. First, we developed the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of nitroarenes using a palladium/BrettPhos catalyst. This reaction proceeds via an (at the time) unprecedented oxidative addition of the Ar-NO2 bond, which was supported by experimental results and theoretical calculations. A widely accepted catalytic cycle for Pd-catalyzed cross-couplings has since been extended to include nitroarenes as electrophiles, which significantly increases substrate generality. Second, this denitrative coupling protocol was applied to various bond-forming reactions, namely, Buchwald-Hartwig amination, etherification, and hydrogenation reactions. Such diversification has enhanced the utility of nitroarenes as cross-coupling partners. To develop each reaction, it was necessary to modify the reaction conditions as required to overcome the obstacles deriving from nitro functionality including transmetalation and side reactions, as well as oxidative addition. Third, we designed a new Pd/NHC catalyst that exhibits higher activity than Pd/BrettPhos. The improved performance of Pd/NHC system was supported by its strong electron-donicity and structural robustness, and it allows the reduction of the catalyst loading significantly, thus increasing the efficacy and practicality of this method.The field of nitroarene-based cross-coupling has just started to flourish. In addition to our original work, several research groups have already adopted Pd/BrettPhos or Pd/NHC catalysts to develop new denitrative functionalizations. The utility of nitroarenes in the context of organic synthesis should be now revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myuto Kashihara
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakao
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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9
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Tinnermann H, Sung S, Csókás D, Toh ZH, Fraser C, Young RD. Alkali Metal Adducts of an Iron(0) Complex and Their Synergistic FLP-Type Activation of Aliphatic C-X Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10700-10708. [PMID: 34251818 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the formation and full characterization of weak adducts between Li+ and Na+ cations and a neutral iron(0) complex, [Fe(CO)3(PMe3)2] (1), supported by weakly coordinating [BArF20] anions, [1·M][BArF20] (M = Li, Na). The adducts are found to synergistically activate aliphatic C-X bonds (X = F, Cl, Br, I, OMs, OTf), leading to the formation of iron(II) organyl compounds of the type [FeR(CO)3(PMe3)2][BArF20], of which several were isolated and fully characterized. Stoichiometric reactions with the resulting iron(II) organyl compounds show that this system can be utilized for homocoupling and cross-coupling reactions and the formation of new C-E bonds (E = C, H, O, N, S). Further, we utilize [1·M][BArF20] as a catalyst in a simple hydrodehalogenation reaction under mild conditions to showcase its potential use in catalytic reactions. Finally, the mechanism of activation is probed using DFT and kinetic experiments that reveal that the alkali metal and iron(0) center cooperate to cleave C-X via a mechanism closely related to intramolecular FLP activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Tinnermann
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Simon Sung
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Dániel Csókás
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhi Hao Toh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Craig Fraser
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Rowan D Young
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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10
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Huang L, Bismuto A, Rath SA, Trapp N, Morandi B. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Dehydrogenation Through an Intermolecular Hydrogen Atom Transfer Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7290-7296. [PMID: 33403774 PMCID: PMC8048662 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The direct dehydrogenation of alkanes is among the most efficient ways to access valuable alkene products. Although several catalysts have been designed to promote this transformation, they have unfortunately found limited applications in fine chemical synthesis. Here, we report a conceptually novel strategy for the catalytic, intermolecular dehydrogenation of alkanes using a ruthenium catalyst. The combination of a redox-active ligand and a sterically hindered aryl radical intermediate has unleashed this novel strategy. Importantly, mechanistic investigations have been performed to provide a conceptual framework for the further development of this new catalytic dehydrogenation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wihelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI8093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Alessandro Bismuto
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI8093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Simon A. Rath
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI8093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Nils Trapp
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI8093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Bill Morandi
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wihelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI8093ZürichSwitzerland
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11
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Huang L, Bismuto A, Rath SA, Trapp N, Morandi B. Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenation Through an Intermolecular Hydrogen Atom Transfer Mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wihelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Bismuto
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Simon A. Rath
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Nils Trapp
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Bill Morandi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wihelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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12
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Jiang J, Du L, Ding Y. Dehalogenation of Aryl Bromides by CuO/ZrO
2
in The Presence of Alcohols as Hydrogen Donors. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiang
- International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Liyong Du
- International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
| | - Yuqiang Ding
- International Joint Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi 214122 P. R. China
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13
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Gui J, Cai X, Chen L, Zhou Y, Zhu W, Jiang Y, Hu M, Chen X, Hu Y, Zhang S. Facile and practical hydrodehalogenations of organic halides enabled by calcium hydride and palladium chloride. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00758k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, calcium hydride and palladium chloride were used to reduce a wide range of organic halides including aromatic bromides, aromatic chlorides, aromatic triflates, aliphatic bromides, aliphatic chlorides and trihalomethyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Gui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xin Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yuanrui Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Min Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P.R. China
| | - Yanwei Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Shilei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
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14
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Zhao Y, Feng X, Zhang S, Yamamoto Y, Bao M. Hydrodebromination of Aromatic Bromides Catalyzed by Unsupported Nanoporous Gold: Heterolytic Cleavage of Hydrogen Molecule. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Yoshinori Yamamoto
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 P. R. China
- Research Organization of Science and Technology Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu 525-8577 Japan
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Panjin 124221 P. R. China
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15
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McDonald CE, Bendorf HD, Mauck JR, McAtee CC, Green AI, Ciccarelli DJ, Bendyk CA, Conrad BJ, Delgado AT. The SmI 2/TEU --Mediated Cyclization of Unsaturated Halides. Org Lett 2020; 22:5685-5689. [PMID: 32603130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The combination of SmI2 and the conjugate base of triethylurea (TEU-) has been shown to favor the cyclization of unsaturated halides over direct reduction to a much greater extent than other SmI2-based reductants. Aryl, heteroaryl, and alkyl halides (X = Br, Cl, F) readily undergo heterocyclization and carbocyclization in the presence of SmI2/TEU-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chriss E McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, Lycoming College, One College Place, Williamsport, Pennsylvania 17701, United States
| | - Holly D Bendorf
- Department of Chemistry, Lycoming College, One College Place, Williamsport, Pennsylvania 17701, United States
| | - Joseph R Mauck
- Department of Chemistry, Lycoming College, One College Place, Williamsport, Pennsylvania 17701, United States
| | - Christopher C McAtee
- Department of Chemistry, Lycoming College, One College Place, Williamsport, Pennsylvania 17701, United States
| | - Ahren I Green
- Department of Chemistry, Lycoming College, One College Place, Williamsport, Pennsylvania 17701, United States
| | - David J Ciccarelli
- Department of Chemistry, Lycoming College, One College Place, Williamsport, Pennsylvania 17701, United States
| | - Cassandra A Bendyk
- Department of Chemistry, Lycoming College, One College Place, Williamsport, Pennsylvania 17701, United States
| | - Brandon J Conrad
- Department of Chemistry, Lycoming College, One College Place, Williamsport, Pennsylvania 17701, United States
| | - Angelique T Delgado
- Department of Chemistry, Lycoming College, One College Place, Williamsport, Pennsylvania 17701, United States
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16
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Ma JW, Chen X, Zhou ZZ, Liang YM. Visible-Light-Induced Palladium-Catalyzed Carbocyclization of Unactivated Alkyl Bromides with Alkenes Involving C–I or C–B Coupling. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9301-9312. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Zhao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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17
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Chen Y. Advances in the Synthesis of Methylated Products through Indirect Approaches. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Chen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early DevelopmentCardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca 43183 Gothenburg Sweden
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18
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Photocatalytic activation of alkyl chlorides by assembly-promoted single electron transfer in microheterogeneous solutions. Nat Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-019-0369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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19
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He T, Buttner JC, Reynolds EF, Pham J, Malek JC, Keith JM, Chianese AR. Dehydroalkylative Activation of CNN- and PNN-Pincer Ruthenium Catalysts for Ester Hydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17404-17413. [PMID: 31589441 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium-pincer complexes bearing CNN- and PNN-pincer ligands with diethyl- or diisopropylamino side groups, which have previously been reported to be active precatalysts for ester hydrogenation, undergo dehydroalkylation on heating in the presence of tricyclohexylphosphine to release ethane or propane, giving five-coordinate ruthenium(0) complexes containing a nascent imine functional group. Ethane or propane is also released under the conditions of catalytic ester hydrogenation, and time-course studies show that this release is concomitant with the onset of catalysis. A new PNN-pincer ruthenium(0)-imine complex is a highly active catalyst for ester hydrogenation at room temperature, giving up to 15 500 turnovers with no added base. This complex was shown to react reversibly at room temperature with two equivalents of hydrogen to give a ruthenium(II)-dihydride complex, where the imine functionality has been hydrogenated to give a protic amine side group. These observations have potentially broad implications for the identities of catalytic intermediates in ester hydrogenation and related transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi He
- Department of Chemistry , Colgate University , 13 Oak Drive , Hamilton , New York 13346 , United States
| | - John C Buttner
- Department of Chemistry , Colgate University , 13 Oak Drive , Hamilton , New York 13346 , United States
| | - Eamon F Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry , Colgate University , 13 Oak Drive , Hamilton , New York 13346 , United States
| | - John Pham
- Department of Chemistry , Colgate University , 13 Oak Drive , Hamilton , New York 13346 , United States
| | - Jack C Malek
- Department of Chemistry , Colgate University , 13 Oak Drive , Hamilton , New York 13346 , United States
| | - Jason M Keith
- Department of Chemistry , Colgate University , 13 Oak Drive , Hamilton , New York 13346 , United States
| | - Anthony R Chianese
- Department of Chemistry , Colgate University , 13 Oak Drive , Hamilton , New York 13346 , United States
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20
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Xia A, Xie X, Hu X, Xu W, Liu Y. Dehalogenative Deuteration of Unactivated Alkyl Halides Using D 2O as the Deuterium Source. J Org Chem 2019; 84:13841-13857. [PMID: 31566377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The general dehalogenation of alkyl halides with zinc using D2O or H2O as a deuterium or hydrogen donor has been developed. The method provides an efficient and economic protocol for deuterium-labeled derivatives with a wide substrate scope under mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies indicated that a radical process is involved for the formation of organozinc intermediates. The facile hydrolysis of the organozinc intermediates provides the driving force for this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
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21
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Smith JD, Jamhawi AM, Jasinski JB, Gallou F, Ge J, Advincula R, Liu J, Handa S. Organopolymer with dual chromophores and fast charge-transfer properties for sustainable photocatalysis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1837. [PMID: 31015478 PMCID: PMC6478678 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic polymers offer an alternative to prevailing organometallics and nanomaterials, and they may benefit from polymer-mediated catalytic and material enhancements. MPC-1, a polymer photoredox catalyst reported herein, exhibits enhanced catalytic activity arising from charge transfer states (CTSs) between its two chromophores. Oligomeric and polymeric MPC-1 preparations both promote efficient hydrodehalogenation of α-halocarbonyl compounds while exhibiting different solubility properties. The polymer is readily recovered by filtration. MPC-1-coated vessels enable batch and flow photocatalysis, even with opaque reaction mixtures, via "backside irradiation." Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy indicates a fast charge-transfer process within 20 ps of photoexcitation. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements reveal an approximate 10 ns lifetime for bright valence states. Ultrafast measurements suggest a long CTS lifetime. Empirical catalytic activities of small-molecule models of MPC-1 subunits support the CTS hypothesis. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations are in good agreement with experimental spectra, spectral peak assignment, and proposed underlying energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Abdelqader M Jamhawi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Jacek B Jasinski
- Materials Characterization, Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | | | - Jin Ge
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Rigoberto Advincula
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jinjun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Sachin Handa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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22
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Xiao J, Ma Y, Wu X, Gao J, Tang Z, Han LB. Phosphonic acid mediated practical dehalogenation and benzylation with benzyl halides. RSC Adv 2019; 9:22343-22347. [PMID: 35519457 PMCID: PMC9066657 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04770k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, by using H3PO3/I2 system, various benzyl chlorides, bromides and iodides were dehalogenated successfully. In the presence of H3PO3, benzyl halides underwent electrophilic substitution reactions with electron-rich arenes, leading to a broad range of diarylmethanes in good yields. These transformations feature green, cheap reducing reagents and metal-free conditions. A possible mechanism was proposed. A practical method for phosphonic acid mediated dehalogenation and benzylation with benzyl halides was developed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
| | - Yonghao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
| | - Xiaofang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
| | - Jing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
| | - Zilong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
| | - Li-Biao Han
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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23
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Pilli R, Balakrishnan V, Chandrasekaran R, Rasappan R. Iron-catalyzed protodehalogenation of alkyl and aryl halides using hydrosilanes. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1749-1753. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02365d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient iron-catalyzed protodehalogenation of alkyl and aryl halides using phenylhydrosilane is disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadevi Pilli
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Venkadesh Balakrishnan
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Revathi Chandrasekaran
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Ramesh Rasappan
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
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24
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Zhou ZZ, Zhao JH, Gou XY, Chen XM, Liang YM. Visible-light-mediated hydrodehalogenation and Br/D exchange of inactivated aryl and alkyl halides with a palladium complex. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00240e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Photo-induced radical reductive dehalogenation of inactivated aryl/alkyl bromides and chlorides with a palladium complex is described. Reductive cyclization, dehalogenative deuteration, and radical addition process can be achieved smoothly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Zhao Zhou
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou, 730000
- P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
| | - Jia-Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou, 730000
- P.R. China
| | - Xue-Ya Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou, 730000
- P.R. China
| | - Xi-Meng Chen
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou, 730000
- P.R. China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou, 730000
- P.R. China
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25
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Chen C, Zuo H, Chan KS. Catalytic hydrodebromination of aryl bromides by cobalt tetra-butyl porphyrin complexes with EtOH. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Li K, Wan Q, Yang C, Chang XY, Low KH, Che CM. Air-Stable Blue Phosphorescent Tetradentate Platinum(II) Complexes as Strong Photo-Reductant. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14129-14133. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Qingyun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Xiao-Yong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation; Shenzhen 518053 China
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27
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Li K, Wan Q, Yang C, Chang XY, Low KH, Che CM. Air-Stable Blue Phosphorescent Tetradentate Platinum(II) Complexes as Strong Photo-Reductant. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Qingyun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Xiao-Yong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation; Shenzhen 518053 China
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28
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Yang S, Tang W, Yang Z, Xu J. Iridium-Catalyzed Highly Efficient and Site-Selective Deoxygenation of Alcohols. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiping Tang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zhanhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
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29
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Jouha J, Khouili M, Hiebel MA, Guillaumet G, Suzenet F. Room temperature dehalogenation of (hetero)aryl halides with magnesium/methanol. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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30
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Fukuyama T, Fujita Y, Miyoshi H, Ryu I, Kao SC, Wu YK. Electron transfer-induced reduction of organic halides with amines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5582-5585. [PMID: 29766164 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02445f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of a variety of organo halides was examined by using amines as a sacrificial hydrogen source. UV light-induced reduction of vinyl and aryl halides with triethylamine proceeded smoothly to give the corresponding reduced products. High temperature heating also caused the reduction and DABCO (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) also served as a good reducing reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Fukuyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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31
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Kuo JL, Lorenc C, Abuyuan JM, Norton JR. Catalysis of Radical Cyclizations from Alkyl Iodides under H 2: Evidence for Electron Transfer from [CpV(CO) 3H]<sup/>. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4512-4516. [PMID: 29543448 PMCID: PMC6373875 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Radical cyclizations are most often achieved with Bu3SnH in the presence of a radical initiator, but environmental considerations demand that alternative reagents be developed-ones that can serve as a synthetic equivalent to the hydrogen atom. We have revisited [CpV(CO)3H]-, a known replacement for Bu3SnH, and found that it can be used catalytically under H2 in the presence of a base. We have carried out tin-free catalytic radical cyclizations of alkyl iodide substrates. The reactions are atom-efficient, and the conditions are mild, with broad tolerance for functional groups. We have, for example, achieved the first 5-exo radical cyclization involving attack onto a vinyl chloride. We suggest that the radicals are generated by an initial electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Kuo
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , 3000 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Chris Lorenc
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , 3000 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Janine M Abuyuan
- Department of Chemistry , Barnard College , 3009 Broadway , New York , New York 10027
| | - Jack R Norton
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , 3000 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Myuto Kashihara
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - M. Ramu Yadav
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakao
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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