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Zhang YA, Palani V, Seim AE, Wang Y, Wang KJ, Wendlandt AE. Stereochemical editing logic powered by the epimerization of unactivated tertiary stereocenters. Science 2022; 378:383-390. [PMID: 36302032 PMCID: PMC9974169 DOI: 10.1126/science.add6852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of complex targets requires the precise orchestration of chemical transformations that simultaneously establish the connectivity and spatial orientation of desired bonds. In this work, we describe a complementary paradigm for the synthesis of chiral molecules and their isomers, which tunes the three-dimensional structure of a molecule at a late stage. Key to the success of this strategy is the development of a mild and highly general photocatalytic method composed of decatungstate polyanion and disulfide cocatalysts, which enable the interconversion of unactivated tertiary stereogenic centers that were previously configurationally fixed. We showcase the versatility of this method-and the implementation of stereoediting logic-by the rapid construction of chiral scaffolds that would be challenging to access using existing tools and by the late-stage stereoediting of complex targets.
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2
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Empel C, Pei C, He F, Jana S, Koenigs RM. Proton or Carbene Transfer? On the Dark and Light Reaction of Diazoalkanes with Alcohols. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104397. [PMID: 35060651 PMCID: PMC9306865 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The formal alkylation reaction of OH groups with diazoalkanes under catalyst-free reaction conditions finds broad application in organic synthesis. However, even today, this reaction is mainly limited to the use of diazomethane as reaction partner. In this combined experimental and theoretical study, we aim at a fundamental understanding of the reaction of diazoalkanes with alcohols to make this transformation amenable to a generalized approach towards formal alkylation reactions of alcohols with diazoalkanes. Experimental and theoretical studies suggest a direct proton transfer only in exceptional cases. In a more general setting, such O-H functionalization proceed both under dark and photochemical conditions via a key hydrogen-bonded singlet carbene intermediate that undergoes a protonation-addition mechanism. We conclude with applications of this approach in O-H functionalization reactions of alcohols, including simple fluorinated, halogenated and aliphatic alcohols and showcase functional-group tolerance of this method in the reaction of biologically active and pharmaceutically relevant alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Empel
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Chao Pei
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Feifei He
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sripati Jana
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
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3
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Sara AA, Um-e-Farwa UEF, Saeed A, Kalesse M. Recent Applications of the Diels–Alder Reaction in the Synthesis of Natural Products (2017–2020). SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1532-4763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Diels–Alder reaction has long been established as an extremely useful procedure in the toolbox of natural product chemists. It tolerates a wide spectrum of building blocks of different complexity and degrees of derivatization, and enables the formation of six-membered rings with well-defined stereochemistry. In recent years, many total syntheses of natural products have been reported that rely, at some point, on the use of a [4+2]-cycloaddition step. Among classic approaches, several modifications of the Diels–Alder reaction, such as hetero-Diels–Alder reactions, dehydro-Diels–Alder reactions and domino-Diels–Alder reactions, have been employed to extend the scope of this process in the synthesis of natural products. Our short review covers applications of the Diels–Alder reaction in natural product syntheses between 2017 and 2020, as well as selected methodologies which are inspired by, or that can be used to access natural products.1 Introduction2 Syntheses from 20173 Syntheses from 20184 Syntheses from 20195 Syntheses from 20206 Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aamer Saeed
- Quaid-I-Azam University, Department of Chemistry
| | - Markus Kalesse
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Organische Chemie
- Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI)
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Abstract
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The marine natural
product scabrolide A was obtained by isomerization
of the vinylogous 1,4-diketone entity of nominal scabrolide B as the
purported pivot point of the biosynthesis of these polycyclic norcembranoids.
Despite the success of this maneuver, the latter compound itself turned
out not to be identical with the natural product of that name. The
key steps en route to the carbocyclic core of these targets were a
[2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of an allylic sulfur ylide to forge
the overcrowded C12–C13 bond, an RCM reaction to close the
congested central six-membered ring, and a hydroxy-directed epoxidation/epoxide
opening/isomerization sequence to set the “umpoled”
1,4-dicarbonyl motif and the correct angular configuration at C12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanchao Meng
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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5
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Gao B, Yao F, Zhang Z, Ding H. Total Synthesis of (+)-Alsmaphorazine C and Formal Synthesis of (+)-Strictamine: A Photo-Fries Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10603-10607. [PMID: 33660898 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A bioinspired photo-Fries/imine capture cascade reaction was developed in continuous-flow mode, which facilitated the rapid construction of a series of diversely functionalized 2,7-heterocycle-fused tetrahydrocarbazoles, the ubiquitous core structures embedded in strychnos and akuammiline-type monoterpene indole alkaloids. The synthetic utility of this novel method has been preliminarily explored by the first total synthesis of (+)-alsmaphorazine C and formal synthesis of (+)-strictamine in a concise and efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiling Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fengjie Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhaodong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hanfeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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6
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Gao B, Yao F, Zhang Z, Ding H. Total Synthesis of (+)‐Alsmaphorazine C and Formal Synthesis of (+)‐Strictamine: A Photo‐Fries Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beiling Gao
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Fengjie Yao
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Zhaodong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Hanfeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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7
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published between January and December in 2018 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 717 citations (706 for the period January to December 2018) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1554 in 469 papers for 2018), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included. The proportion of MNPs assigned absolute configuration over the last decade is also surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Carroll
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. and Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Michèle R Prinsep
- Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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8
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Hugentobler KM, Carreira EM. Discovery and Surprises with Cyclizations, Cycloadditions, Fragmentations, and Rearrangements in Complex Settings. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:890-902. [PMID: 33533583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We discuss a number of synthesis routes to complex natural products recently reported from our group. Although the structures are quite varied, we demonstrate the research endeavor as a setting to examine the implementation of cyclizations, cycloadditions, rearrangements, and fragmentations. We showcase how the various transformations enabled access to key core structures and thereby allowed the rapid introduction of complexity. Two different routes to (-)-mitrephorone A, the first case discussed, led to the use of Koser's reagent to effect oxetane formation from diosphenol derivatives. Even though the Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction represents one of the workhorses of complex molecule synthesis, there are opportunities provided by the complexity of secondary metabolites for discovery, study, and development. In our first approach to (-)-mitrephorone A, Diels-Alder cycloaddition provided access to fused cyclopropanes, while the second synthesis underscored the power of diastereoselective nitrile oxide cycloadditions to access hydroxy ketones. The successful implementation of the second approach required the rigorous stereocontrolled synthesis of tetrasubstituted olefins; this was accomplished by a highly stereoselective Cr-mediated reduction of dienes. The diterpenoid (+)-sarcophytin provided a stage for examining the Diels-Alder cycloaddition of two electron-deficient partners. The study revealed that in the system this unusual combination works optimally with the E,Z-dienoate and proceeds through an exo transition state to provide the desired cycloadduct. Our reported pallambin synthesis showcased the use of fulvene as a versatile building block for the core structure. Fulvene decomposition could be outcompeted by employing it as a diene and using a highly reactive dienophile, which affords a bicyclic product that can in turn be subjected to chemo- and stereoselective manipulations. The synthesis route proceeds with a C-H insertion providing the core structure en route to pallambin A and B. The studies resulting in our synthesis of gelsemoxonine highlight the use of the acid-catalyzed rearrangement/chelotropic extrusion of oxazaspiro[2.4]heptanes to access complex β-lactams, which are otherwise not readily prepared by extant methods in common use. Mechanistic investigations of the intriguing ring contraction supported by computational studies indicate that the reaction involves a concerted cleavage of the N-O bond and cyclopropane ring opening under the extrusion of ethylene. The synthesis of guanacastepenes focused on the use of cyclohexyne in [2+2]-cycloadditions with enolates. The resulting cyclobutene can be enticed to undergo ring opening to give a fused six-seven ring system. The cycloinsertion reaction of cyclohexyne developed for the first time proves useful as a general approach to complex fused ring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina M. Hugentobler
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M. Carreira
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Fernandes RA, Kumar P, Choudhary P. Evolution of Strategies in Protecting‐Group‐Free Synthesis of Natural Products: A Recent Update. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney A. Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Mumbai, Powai Maharashtra India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Mumbai, Powai Maharashtra India
| | - Priyanka Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Mumbai, Powai Maharashtra India
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Xiang J, Zhao X, Li J, Ding Y, Wang C, Wang L, Chen Y. Rapid Construction of the Scaffold of Quorumolide A Enabled by a Tandem ROM/RCM Strategy and a Tandem Oxidative Cyclization Strategy. Org Lett 2019; 21:6485-6487. [PMID: 31365269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A synthetically challenging framework in the plant-derived cembranoid quorumolide A was established in a seven-step sequence featuring a ring-opening/-closing metathesis cascade reaction to construct the fused butenolide ring and the 14-membered macroring in a single step. The utilization of a tandem oxidative cyclization strategy is the key to build the tetrahydro-2H-pyran moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Xiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Xiuhe Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Yahui Ding
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Liang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Yue Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
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11
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Rao P, Hu J, Xuan J, Ding H. Total Synthesis of (−)-Pavidolide B: A Ring Contraction Strategy. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9385-9392. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peirong Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jialei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Xuan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hanfeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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12
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Penteado F, Lopes EF, Alves D, Perin G, Jacob RG, Lenardão EJ. α-Keto Acids: Acylating Agents in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7113-7278. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Penteado
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eric F. Lopes
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Raquel G. Jacob
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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He C, Xuan J, Rao P, Xie P, Hong X, Lin X, Ding H. Total Syntheses of (+)‐Sarcophytin, (+)‐Chatancin, (−)‐3‐Oxochatancin, and (−)‐Pavidolide B: A Divergent Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5100-5104. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan He
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Jun Xuan
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Peirong Rao
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Pei‐Pei Xie
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Xufeng Lin
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Hanfeng Ding
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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Total Syntheses of (+)‐Sarcophytin, (+)‐Chatancin, (−)‐3‐Oxochatancin, and (−)‐Pavidolide B: A Divergent Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Guo J, Zhang R, Ouyang J, Zhang F, Qin F, Liu G, Zhang W, Li H, Ji X, Jia X, Qin B, You S. Stereodivergent Synthesis of Carveol and Dihydrocarveol through Ketoreductases/Ene‐Reductases Catalyzed Asymmetric Reduction. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyang Guo
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical SciencesShenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Wuya College of InnovationShenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 P.R. China
| | - Jingping Ouyang
- School of Pharmaceutical EngineeringShenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 P.R. China
| | - Feiting Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical SciencesShenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 P.R. China
| | - Fengyu Qin
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical SciencesShenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 P.R. China
| | - Guigao Liu
- Wuya College of InnovationShenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 P.R. China
| | - Wenhe Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical SciencesShenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 P.R. China
| | - Hengyu Li
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical SciencesShenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Ji
- Wuya College of InnovationShenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 P.R. China
| | - Xian Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical EngineeringShenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 P.R. China
| | - Bin Qin
- Wuya College of InnovationShenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 P.R. China
| | - Song You
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical SciencesShenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 P.R. China
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