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Tomarchio EG, Turnaturi R, Saccullo E, Patamia V, Floresta G, Zagni C, Rescifina A. Tetrazine-trans-cyclooctene ligation: Unveiling the chemistry and applications within the human body. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107573. [PMID: 38905885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal reactions have revolutionized chemical biology by enabling selective chemical transformations within living organisms and cells. This review comprehensively explores bioorthogonal chemistry, emphasizing inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reactions between tetrazines and strained dienophiles and their crucial role in chemical biology and various applications within the human body. This highly reactive and selective reaction finds diverse applications, including cleaving antibody-drug conjugates, prodrugs, proteins, peptide antigens, and enzyme substrates. The versatility extends to hydrogel chemistry, which is crucial for biomedical applications, yet it faces challenges in achieving precise cellularization. In situ activation of cytotoxic compounds from injectable biopolymer belongs to the click-activated protodrugs against cancer (CAPAC) platform, an innovative approach to tumor-targeted prodrug delivery and activation. The CAPAC platform, relying on click chemistry between trans-cyclooctene (TCO) and tetrazine-modified biopolymers, exhibits modularity across diverse tumor characteristics, presenting a promising approach in anticancer therapeutics. The review highlights the importance of bioorthogonal reactions in developing radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and theranostics, offering a promising avenue for diverse therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Grazia Tomarchio
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Rita Turnaturi
- Institute of Cristallography CNR-IC, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Erika Saccullo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Patamia
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Floresta
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Zagni
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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2
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Adhikari P, Li G, Go M, Mandikian D, Rafidi H, Ng C, Anifa S, Johnson K, Bao L, Hernandez Barry H, Rowntree R, Agard N, Wu C, Chou KJ, Zhang D, Kozak KR, Pillow TH, Lewis GD, Yu SF, Boswell CA, Sadowsky JD. On Demand Bioorthogonal Switching of an Antibody-Conjugated SPECT Probe to a Cytotoxic Payload: from Imaging to Therapy. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19088-19100. [PMID: 38946086 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for the treatment of cancer aim to achieve selective delivery of a cytotoxic payload to tumor cells while sparing normal tissue. In vivo, multiple tumor-dependent and -independent processes act on ADCs and their released payloads to impact tumor-versus-normal delivery, often resulting in a poor therapeutic window. An ADC with a labeled payload would make synchronous correlations between distribution and tissue-specific pharmacological effects possible, empowering preclinical and clinical efforts to improve tumor-selective delivery; however, few methods to label small molecules without destroying their pharmacological activity exist. Herein, we present a bioorthogonal switch approach that allows a radiolabel attached to an ADC payload to be removed tracelessly at will. We exemplify this approach with a potent DNA-damaging agent, the pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer, delivered as an antibody conjugate targeted to lung tumor cells. The radiometal chelating group, DOTA, was attached via a novel trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-caged self-immolative para-aminobenzyl (PAB) linker to the PBD, stably attenuating payload activity and allowing tracking of biodistribution in tumor-bearing mice via SPECT-CT imaging (live) or gamma counting (post-mortem). Following TCO-PAB-DOTA reaction with tetrazines optimized for extra- and intracellular reactivity, the label was removed to reveal the unmodified PBD dimer capable of inducing potent tumor cell killing in vitro and in mouse xenografts. The switchable antibody radio-drug conjugate (ArDC) we describe integrates, but decouples, the two functions of a theranostic given that it can serve as a diagnostic for payload delivery in the labeled state, but can be switched on demand to a therapeutic agent (an ADC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Adhikari
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Guangmin Li
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - MaryAnn Go
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Hanine Rafidi
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Carl Ng
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sagana Anifa
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kevin Johnson
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Linda Bao
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Rebecca Rowntree
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nicholas Agard
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Cong Wu
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kang-Jye Chou
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Donglu Zhang
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katherine R Kozak
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas H Pillow
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Gail D Lewis
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - C Andrew Boswell
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jack D Sadowsky
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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3
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Venrooij KR, de Bondt L, Bonger KM. Mutually Orthogonal Bioorthogonal Reactions: Selective Chemistries for Labeling Multiple Biomolecules Simultaneously. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:24. [PMID: 38971884 PMCID: PMC11227474 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal click chemistry has played a transformative role in many research fields, including chemistry, biology, and medicine. Click reactions are crucial to produce increasingly complex bioconjugates, to visualize and manipulate biomolecules in living systems and for various applications in bioengineering and drug delivery. As biological (model) systems grow more complex, researchers have an increasing need for using multiple orthogonal click reactions simultaneously. In this review, we will introduce the most common bioorthogonal reactions and discuss their orthogonal use on the basis of their mechanism and electronic or steric tuning. We provide an overview of strategies to create reaction orthogonality and show recent examples of mutual orthogonal chemistry used for simultaneous biomolecule labeling. We end by discussing some considerations for the type of chemistry needed for labeling biomolecules in a system of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Venrooij
- Chemical Biology Group, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucienne de Bondt
- Chemical Biology Group, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly M Bonger
- Chemical Biology Group, Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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4
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Adhikari K, Vanermen M, Da Silva G, Van den Wyngaert T, Augustyns K, Elvas F. Trans-cyclooctene-a Swiss army knife for bioorthogonal chemistry: exploring the synthesis, reactivity, and applications in biomedical breakthroughs. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:47. [PMID: 38844698 PMCID: PMC11156836 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trans-cyclooctenes (TCOs) are highly strained alkenes with remarkable reactivity towards tetrazines (Tzs) in inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reactions. Since their discovery as bioorthogonal reaction partners, novel TCO derivatives have been developed to improve their reactivity, stability, and hydrophilicity, thus expanding their utility in diverse applications. MAIN BODY TCOs have garnered significant interest for their applications in biomedical settings. In chemical biology, TCOs serve as tools for bioconjugation, enabling the precise labeling and manipulation of biomolecules. Moreover, their role in nuclear medicine is substantial, with TCOs employed in the radiolabeling of peptides and other biomolecules. This has led to their utilization in pretargeted nuclear imaging and therapy, where they function as both bioorthogonal tags and radiotracers, facilitating targeted disease diagnosis and treatment. Beyond these applications, TCOs have been used in targeted cancer therapy through a "click-to-release" approach, in which they act as key components to selectively deliver therapeutic agents to cancer cells, thereby enhancing treatment efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. However, the search for a suitable TCO scaffold with an appropriate balance between stability and reactivity remains a challenge. CONCLUSIONS This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the synthesis of TCOs, and its challenges, and their development throughout the years. We describe their wide ranging applications as radiolabeled prosthetic groups for radiolabeling, as bioorthogonal tags for pretargeted imaging and therapy, and targeted drug delivery, with the aim of showcasing the versatility and potential of TCOs as valuable tools in advancing biomedical research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Adhikari
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Molecular Imaging and Radiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maarten Vanermen
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Molecular Imaging and Radiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gustavo Da Silva
- Molecular Imaging and Radiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tim Van den Wyngaert
- Molecular Imaging and Radiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Filipe Elvas
- Molecular Imaging and Radiology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.
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5
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Fang Y, Hillman AS, Fox JM. Advances in the Synthesis of Bioorthogonal Reagents: s-Tetrazines, 1,2,4-Triazines, Cyclooctynes, Heterocycloheptynes, and trans-Cyclooctenes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:15. [PMID: 38703255 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Aligned with the increasing importance of bioorthogonal chemistry has been an increasing demand for more potent, affordable, multifunctional, and programmable bioorthogonal reagents. More advanced synthetic chemistry techniques, including transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, C-H activation, photoinduced chemistry, and continuous flow chemistry, have been employed in synthesizing novel bioorthogonal reagents for universal purposes. We discuss herein recent developments regarding the synthesis of popular bioorthogonal reagents, with a focus on s-tetrazines, 1,2,4-triazines, trans-cyclooctenes, cyclooctynes, hetero-cycloheptynes, and -trans-cycloheptenes. This review aims to summarize and discuss the most representative synthetic approaches of these reagents and their derivatives that are useful in bioorthogonal chemistry. The preparation of these molecules and their derivatives utilizes both classical approaches as well as the latest organic chemistry methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhi Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE, 19713, USA.
| | - Ashlyn S Hillman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
| | - Joseph M Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE, 19713, USA.
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6
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He X, Li J, Liang X, Mao W, Deng X, Qin M, Su H, Wu H. An all-in-one tetrazine reagent for cysteine-selective labeling and bioorthogonal activable prodrug construction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2831. [PMID: 38565562 PMCID: PMC10987521 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The prodrug design strategy offers a potent solution for improving therapeutic index and expanding drug targets. However, current prodrug activation designs are mainly responsive to endogenous stimuli, resulting in unintended drug release and systemic toxicity. In this study, we introduce 3-vinyl-6-oxymethyl-tetrazine (voTz) as an all-in-one reagent for modular preparation of tetrazine-caged prodrugs and chemoselective labeling peptides to produce bioorthogonal activable peptide-prodrug conjugates. These stable prodrugs can selectively bind to target cells, facilitating cellular uptake. Subsequent bioorthogonal cleavage reactions trigger prodrug activation, significantly boosting potency against tumor cells while maintaining exceptional off-target safety for normal cells. In vivo studies demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of this prodrug design approach. Given the broad applicability of functional groups and labeling versatility with voTz, we foresee that this strategy will offer a versatile solution to enhance the therapeutic range of cytotoxic agents and facilitate the development of bioorthogonal activatable biopharmaceuticals and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu He
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Frontiers Science Center for Disease Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Frontiers Science Center for Disease Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinxin Liang
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Frontiers Science Center for Disease Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wuyu Mao
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Frontiers Science Center for Disease Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinglong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Qin
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Su
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoxing Wu
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Frontiers Science Center for Disease Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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7
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Huang W, Gunawardhana N, Zhang Y, Escorihuela J, Laughlin ST. Pyranthiones/Pyrones: "Click and Release" Donors for Subcellular Hydrogen Sulfide Delivery and Labeling. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303465. [PMID: 37985373 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S), one of the most important gasotransmitters, plays a critical role in endogenous signaling pathways of many diseases. However, developing H2 S donors with both tunable release kinetics and high release efficiency for subcellular delivery has been challenging. Here, we describe a click and release reaction between pyrone/pyranthiones and bicyclononyne (BCN). This reaction features a release of CO2 /COS with second-order rate constants comparable to Strain-Promoted Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition reactions (SPAACs). Interestingly, pyranthiones showed enhanced reaction rates compared to their pyrone counterparts. We investigated pyrone biorthogonality and demonstrated their utility in protein labeling applications. Moreover, we synthesized substituted pyranthiones with H2 S release kinetics that can address the range of physiologically relevant H2 S dynamics in cells and achieved quantitative H2 S release efficiency in vitro. Finally, we explored the potential of pyranthiones as H2 S/COS donors for mitochondrial-targeted H2 S delivery in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11790, United States
| | - Nipuni Gunawardhana
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11790, United States
| | - Yunlei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11790, United States
| | - Jorge Escorihuela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Scott T Laughlin
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11790, United States
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8
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Min Q, Ji X. Bioorthogonal Bond Cleavage Chemistry for On-demand Prodrug Activation: Opportunities and Challenges. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16546-16567. [PMID: 38085596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Time- and space-resolved drug delivery is highly demanded for cancer treatment, which, however, can barely be achieved with a traditional prodrug strategy. In recent years, the prodrug strategy based on a bioorthogonal bond cleavage chemistry has emerged with the advantages of high temporospatial resolution over drug activation and homogeneous activation irrespective of individual heterogeneity. In the past five years, tremendous progress has been witnessed in this field with one such bioorthogonal prodrug entering Phase II clinical trials. This Perspective aims to highlight these new advances (2019-2023) and critically discuss their pros and cons. In addition, the remaining challenges and potential strategic directions for future progress will also be included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqiang Min
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xingyue Ji
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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9
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Liu Z, Sun M, Zhang W, Ren J, Qu X. Target-Specific Bioorthogonal Reactions for Precise Biomedical Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308396. [PMID: 37548083 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry is a promising toolbox for dissecting biological processes in the native environment. Recently, bioorthogonal reactions have attracted considerable attention in the medical field for treating diseases, since this approach may lead to improved drug efficacy and reduced side effects via in situ drug synthesis. For precise biomedical applications, it is a prerequisite that the reactions should occur in the right locations and on the appropriate therapeutic targets. In this minireview, we highlight the design and development of targeted bioorthogonal reactions for precise medical treatment. First, we compile recent strategies for achieving target-specific bioorthogonal reactions. Further, we emphasize their application for the precise treatment of different therapeutic targets. Finally, a perspective is provided on the challenges and future directions of this emerging field for safe, efficient, and translatable disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Liu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Mengyu Sun
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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10
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Xu GX, Lee LCC, Leung PKK, Mak ECL, Shum J, Zhang KY, Zhao Q, Lo KKW. Bioorthogonal dissociative rhenium(i) photosensitisers for controlled immunogenic cell death induction. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13508-13517. [PMID: 38033895 PMCID: PMC10686031 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04903e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosensitisers for photoimmunotherapy with high spatiotemporal controllability are rare. In this work, we designed rhenium(i) polypyridine complexes modified with a tetrazine unit via a bioorthogonally activatable carbamate linker as bioorthogonally dissociative photosensitisers for the controlled induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD). The complexes displayed increased emission intensities and singlet oxygen (1O2) generation efficiencies upon reaction with trans-cyclooct-4-enol (TCO-OH) due to the separation of the quenching tetrazine unit from the rhenium(i) polypyridine core. One of the complexes containing a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) group exhibited negligible dark cytotoxicity but showed greatly enhanced (photo)cytotoxic activity towards TCO-OH-pretreated cells upon light irradiation. The reason is that TCO-OH allowed the synergistic release of the more cytotoxic rhenium(i) aminomethylpyridine complex and increased 1O2 generation. Importantly, the treatment induced a cascade of events, including lysosomal dysfunction, autophagy suppression and ICD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the very first example of using bioorthogonal dissociation reactions as a trigger to realise photoinduced ICD, opening up new avenues for the development of innovative photoimmunotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Lawrence Cho-Cheung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited Units 1503-1511, 15/F, Building 17 W, Hong Kong Science Park New Territories Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Peter Kam-Keung Leung
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimetre Waves, City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Eunice Chiu-Lam Mak
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Justin Shum
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Yin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimetre Waves, City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
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11
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Yan Z, Pan Y, Jiao G, Xu M, Fan D, Hu Z, Wu J, Chen T, Liu M, Bao X, Ke H, Ji X. A Bioorthogonal Decaging Chemistry of N-Oxide and Silylborane for Prodrug Activation both In Vitro and In Vivo. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:24698-24706. [PMID: 37933858 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal decaging chemistry with both fast kinetics and high efficiency is highly demanded for in vivo applications but remains very sporadic. Herein, we describe a new bioorthogonal decaging chemistry between N-oxide and silylborane. A simple replacement of "C" in boronic acid with "Si" was able to substantially accelerate the N-oxide decaging kinetics by 106 fold (k2: up to 103 M-1 s-1). Moreover, a new N-oxide-masked self-immolative spacer was developed for the traceless release of various payloads upon clicking with silylborane with fast kinetics and high efficiency (>90%). Impressively, one such N-oxide-based self-assembled bioorthogonal nano-prodrug in combination with silylborane led to significantly enhanced tumor suppression effects as compared to the parent drug in a 4T1 mouse breast tumor model. In aggregate, this new bioorthogonal click-and-release chemistry is featured with fast kinetics and high efficiency and is perceived to find widespread applications in chemical biology and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Yiyao Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Guofeng Jiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Mengyu Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Dongguang Fan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Ziwei Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Miao Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Hengte Ke
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Xingyue Ji
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
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12
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Liu B, Ten Hoeve W, Versteegen RM, Rossin R, Kleijn LHJ, Robillard MS. A Concise Synthetic Approach to Highly Reactive Click-to-Release Trans-Cyclooctene Linkers. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300755. [PMID: 37224460 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An increase in the click-to-release reaction rate between cleavable trans-cyclooctenes (TCO) and tetrazines would be beneficial for drug delivery applications. In this work, we have developed a short and stereoselective synthesis route towards highly reactive sTCOs that serve as cleavable linkers, affording quantitative tetrazine-triggered payload release. In addition, the fivefold more reactive sTCO exhibited the same in vivo stability as current TCO linkers when used as antibody linkers in circulation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Raffaella Rossin
- Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens H J Kleijn
- Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc S Robillard
- Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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13
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Shamsipur M, Ghavidast A, Pashabadi A. Phototriggered structures: Latest advances in biomedical applications. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:2844-2876. [PMID: 37521863 PMCID: PMC10372844 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive control of the drug molecules accessibility is a key issue in improving diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Some studies have explored the spatiotemporal control by light as a peripheral stimulus. Phototriggered drug delivery systems (PTDDSs) have received interest in the past decade among biological researchers due to their capability the control drug release. To this end, a wide range of phototrigger molecular structures participated in the DDSs to serve additional efficiency and a high-conversion release of active fragments under light irradiation. Up to now, several categories of PTDDSs have been extended to upgrade the performance of controlled delivery of therapeutic agents based on well-known phototrigger molecular structures like o-nitrobenzyl, coumarinyl, anthracenyl, quinolinyl, o-hydroxycinnamate and hydroxyphenacyl, where either of one endows an exclusive feature and distinct mechanistic approach. This review conveys the design, photochemical properties and essential mechanism of the most important phototriggered structures for the release of single and dual (similar or different) active molecules that have the ability to quickly reason of the large variety of dynamic biological phenomena for biomedical applications like photo-regulated drug release, synergistic outcomes, real-time monitoring, and biocompatibility potential.
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14
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Ligthart NAM, de Geus MAR, van de Plassche MAT, Torres García D, Isendoorn MME, Reinalda L, Ofman D, van Leeuwen T, van Kasteren SI. A Lysosome-Targeted Tetrazine for Organelle-Specific Click-to-Release Chemistry in Antigen Presenting Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37269296 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal deprotections are readily used to control biological function in a cell-specific manner. To further improve the spatial resolution of these reactions, we here present a lysosome-targeted tetrazine for an organelle-specific deprotection reaction. We show that trans-cyclooctene deprotection with this reagent can be used to control the biological activity of ligands for invariant natural killer T cells in the lysosome to shed light on the processing pathway in antigen presenting cells. We then use the lysosome-targeted tetrazine to show that long peptide antigens used for CD8+ T cell activation do not pass through this organelle, suggesting a role for the earlier endosomal compartments for their processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina A M Ligthart
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A R de Geus
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Merel A T van de Plassche
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Torres García
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein M E Isendoorn
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk Reinalda
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle Ofman
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tyrza van Leeuwen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander I van Kasteren
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Chen J, Ji P, Gnawali G, Chang M, Gao F, Xu H, Wang W. Building bioorthogonal click-release capable artificial receptors on cancer cell surface for imaging, drug targeting and delivery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:2736-2746. [PMID: 37425049 PMCID: PMC10326247 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The current targeting drug delivery mainly relies on cancer cell surface receptors. However, in many cases, binding affinities between protein receptors and homing ligands is relatively low and the expression level between cancer and normal cells is not significant. Distinct from conventional targeting strategies, we have developed a general cancer targeting platform by building artificial receptor on cancer cell surface via a chemical remodeling of cell surface glycans. A new tetrazine (Tz) functionalized chemical receptor has been designed and efficiently installed on cancer cell surface as "overexpressed" biomarker through a metabolic glycan engineering. Different from the reported bioconjugation for drug targeting, the tetrazine labeled cancer cells not only locally activate TCO-caged prodrugs but also release active drugs via the unique bioorthogonal Tz-TCO click-release reaction. The studies have demonstrated that the new drug targeting strategy enables local activation of prodrug, which ultimately leads to effective and safe cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Giri Gnawali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Mengyang Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- BIO5 Institute, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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16
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Sun X, Liu L, Cheng L. Photo- and Tetrazine-Responsive Modulation of trans-Zeatin. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36763518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Photoirradiation and small organic molecule triggering of appropriately designed caged hormones enable the control and manipulation of the corresponding biological processes with high spatial and temporal resolution. Caged trans-zeatin substituted with nitrobenzene carbonates as photoremovable protecting groups and trans-cyclooctene as the tetrazine-responsive motif have been synthesized. A smooth release of the trapped trans-zeatin molecule has been achieved, permitting targeted perturbation of biological processes, including degradation, glucosylation, and recognition by appropriate enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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17
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Liu M, Wang Y, Yan Z, Yang J, Wu Y, Ding D, Ji X. Photoclick and Release: Co-activation of Carbon Monoxide and a Fluorescent Self-reporter, COS or Sulfonamide with Fast Kinetics. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200506. [PMID: 36450656 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal prodrugs with both fast reaction kinetics and multiple outputs are highly desirable but are only found sporadically. Herein, we report a novel photoclick-and-release strategy for the co-activation of carbon monoxide and a self-reporter, carbonyl sulfide, or sulfonamide with fast reaction kinetics (k: 1.4-22.6 M-1 s-1 ). Such a photoclick-and-release strategy was successfully applied in live cells to deliver carbon monoxide and a fluorescent self-reporter, both of which exhibited pronounced antiproliferative activity against 4T1 cancer cells. It is conceivable that this photoclick-and-release strategy could find applications in other fields, in which a controlled bond cleavage is preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, P. R. China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, P. R. China
| | - Jiabin Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, P. R. China
| | - Yongyou Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Ding
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, P. R. China
| | - Xingyue Ji
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, P. R. China
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18
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Markham TE, Duggan PJ, Johnston MR. Investigating the Diels-Alder reactivity of the natural pyrethrins. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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19
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Sondag D, Maartense L, de Jong H, de Kleijne FFJ, Bonger KM, Löwik DWPM, Boltje TJ, Dommerholt J, White PB, Blanco-Ania D, Rutjes FPJT. Readily Accessible Strained Difunctionalized trans-Cyclooctenes with Fast Click and Release Capabilities. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203375. [PMID: 36478614 PMCID: PMC10107714 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The click reaction between a functionalized trans-cyclooctene (TCO) and a tetrazine (Tz) is a compelling method for bioorthogonal conjugation in combination with payload releasing capabilities. However, the synthesis of difunctionalized TCOs remains challenging. As a result, these compounds are poorly accessible, which impedes the development of novel applications. In this work, the scalable and accessible synthesis of a new bioorthogonal difunctionalized TCO is reported in only four single selective high yielding steps starting from commercially available compounds. The TCO-Tz click reaction was assessed and revealed excellent kinetic rates and subsequently payload release was shown with various functionalized derivatives. Tetrazine triggered release of carbonate and carbamate payloads was demonstrated up to 100 % release efficiency and local drug release was shown in a cellular toxicity study which revealed a >20-fold increase in cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan Sondag
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Luuk Maartense
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Heleen de Jong
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frank F J de Kleijne
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kimberly M Bonger
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Dennis W P M Löwik
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jan Dommerholt
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Paul B White
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Blanco-Ania
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Floris P J T Rutjes
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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20
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Keppel P, Sohr B, Kuba W, Goldeck M, Skrinjar P, Carlson JCT, Mikula H. Tetrazine-Triggered Bioorthogonal Cleavage of trans-Cyclooctene-Caged Phenols Using a Minimal Self-Immolative Linker Strategy. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200363. [PMID: 35921044 PMCID: PMC9804162 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bond-cleavage reactions triggered by bioorthogonal tetrazine ligation have emerged as strategies to chemically control the function of (bio)molecules and achieve activation of prodrugs in living systems. While most of these approaches make use of caged amines, current methods for the release of phenols are limited by unfavorable reaction kinetics or insufficient stability of the Tz-responsive reactants. To address this issue, we have implemented a self-immolative linker that enables the connection of cleavable trans-cyclooctenes (TCO) and phenols via carbamate linkages. Based on detailed investigation of the reaction mechanism with several Tz, revealing up to 96 % elimination after 2 hours, we have developed a TCO-caged prodrug with 750-fold reduced cytotoxicity compared to the parent drug and achieved in situ activation upon Tz/TCO click-to-release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Keppel
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien1060ViennaAustria
| | - Barbara Sohr
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien1060ViennaAustria
| | - Walter Kuba
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien1060ViennaAustria
| | - Marion Goldeck
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien1060ViennaAustria
- Center for Anatomy and Cell BiologyMedical University of Vienna1090ViennaAustria
| | - Philipp Skrinjar
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien1060ViennaAustria
| | - Jonathan C. T. Carlson
- Center for Systems Biology & Department of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA02114USA
| | - Hannes Mikula
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien1060ViennaAustria
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21
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Kondengadan SM, Bansal S, Yang C, Liu D, Fultz Z, Wang B. Click chemistry and drug delivery: A bird’s-eye view. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1990-2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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22
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Liu L, Zhang D, Johnson M, Devaraj NK. Light-activated tetrazines enable precision live-cell bioorthogonal chemistry. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1078-1085. [PMID: 35788560 PMCID: PMC10198265 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00963-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal cycloaddition reactions between tetrazines and strained dienophiles are widely used for protein, lipid and glycan labelling because of their extremely rapid kinetics. However, controlling this chemistry in the presence of living mammalian cells with a high degree of spatial and temporal precision remains a challenge. Here we demonstrate a versatile approach to light-activated formation of tetrazines from photocaged dihydrotetrazines. Photouncaging, followed by spontaneous transformation to reactive tetrazine, enables live-cell spatiotemporal control of rapid bioorthogonal cycloaddition with dienophiles such as trans-cyclooctenes. Photocaged dihydrotetrazines are stable in conditions that normally degrade tetrazines, enabling efficient early-stage incorporation of bioorthogonal handles into biomolecules such as peptides. Photocaged dihydrotetrazines allow the use of non-toxic light to trigger tetrazine ligations on living mammalian cells. By tagging reactive phospholipids with fluorophores, we demonstrate modification of HeLa cell membranes with single-cell spatial resolution. Finally, we show that photo-triggered therapy is possible by coupling tetrazine photoactivation with strategies that release prodrugs in response to tetrazine ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dongyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mai Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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23
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Zhao Y, Yao Q, Chen J, Zhang R, Song J, Gao Y. Intracellular fluorogenic supramolecular assemblies for self-reporting bioorthogonal prodrug activation. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:5662-5668. [PMID: 35996984 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00972b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A visual drug delivery system (DDS) is urgently needed for precision medicine. DDS-mediated bioorthogonal prodrug activation strategies have demonstrated remarkable advantages in enlarging a therapeutic index via the alleviation of adverse drug reactions. However, the events of bioorthogonal prodrug activation remain inaccessible. Here, we construct a self-reporting bioorthogonal prodrug activation system using fluorescence emission to interpret prodrug activation events. In designed reactive oxygen species (ROS)-instructed supramolecular assemblies, the bioorthogonal reaction handle of tetrazine carries a dual role as fluorescence quencher and prodrug activator. The subsequent inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction simultaneously liberates fluorescence and active drugs, which form a linear relationship. Differentiated by their cellular redox status, ROS-instructed supramolecular assemblies form selectively in both tumor cells and cell spheroids. Upon prodrug treatment, the brightness of fluorescence reflects the liberation of active drugs, which further correlates with the cell survival rate. Therefore, a fluorescence-based visualizable DDS (VDDS) for bioorthogonal prodrug activation is demonstrated, which should be useful to elucidate the multi-step processes in drug delivery and determine prodrug activation efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Qingxin Yao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jiali Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Ruijia Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jialei Song
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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24
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Kang D, Lee S, Kim J. Bioorthogonal Click and Release: A General, Rapid, Chemically Revertible Bioconjugation Strategy Employing Enamine N-oxides. Chem 2022; 8:2260-2277. [PMID: 36176744 PMCID: PMC9514142 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A chemically revertible bioconjugation strategy featuring a new bioorthogonal dissociative reaction employing enamine N-oxides is described. The reaction is rapid, complete, directional, traceless, and displays a broad substrate scope. Reaction rates for cleavage of fluorophores from proteins are on the order of 82 M-1s-1, and the reaction is relatively insensitive to common aqueous buffers and pHs between 4 and 10. Diboron reagents with bidentate and tridentate ligands also effectively reduce the enamine N-oxide to induce dissociation and compound release. This reaction can be paired with the corresponding bioorthogonal hydroamination reaction to afford an integrated system of bioorthogonal click and release via an enamine N-oxide linchpin with a minimal footprint. The tandem associative and dissociative reactions are useful for the transient attachment of proteins and small molecules with access to a discrete, isolable intermediate. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this revertible transformation on cells using chemically cleavable antibody-drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahye Kang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sanghyeon Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Justin Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Lead Contact
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25
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Feng M, Madegard L, Riomet M, Louis M, Champagne PA, Pieters G, Audisio D, Taran F. Selective chlorination of iminosydnones for fast release of amide, sulfonamide and urea-containing drugs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8500-8503. [PMID: 35797662 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02784d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a methodology for iminosydnone chlorination and we demonstrate the high beneficial effect of this modification on the reactivity of these mesoionic dipoles in strain-promoted cycloaddition reactions. Exploiting their reaction with cyclooctynes, we used these new iminosydnones for bioorthogonal release of amide, urea and sulfonamide containing drugs. Notably, drugs containing a terminal amide function were released for the first time with good kinetic constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Feng
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Léa Madegard
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Margaux Riomet
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Manon Louis
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Pier Alexandre Champagne
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Grégory Pieters
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Davide Audisio
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Frédéric Taran
- CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris Saclay, SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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26
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García-Aznar P, Escorihuela J. Computational insights into the inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction of norbornenes with 1,2,4,5-tetrazines: norbornene substituents' effects on the reaction rate. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6400-6412. [PMID: 35876298 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01121b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The study of the reaction rates and mechanism of click chemistry reactions still remains an interesting challenge in organic chemistry. In this regard, the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction represents a promising metal-free alternative with enhanced reaction rates compared to other reactions of the click chemistry toolbox. Among the different types of dienophiles used in the IEDDA reactions, norbornenes have been widely used given their high stability and fast reaction rates. The inverse electron-demand Diels Alder reaction of 3,6-dipyridin-2-yl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine with a series of norbornene derivatives was studied with quantum mechanical calculations at the M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory. The theoretical predictions were confirmed with the experimental data and analyzed with the use of the distortion/interaction model. The obtained results will help in obtaining a better understanding of the factors that affect the relative cycloaddition rates of norbornenes with tetrazines, which are crucial for selectively tuning their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo García-Aznar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés, s/n, Burjassot 46100, València, Spain.
| | - Jorge Escorihuela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés, s/n, Burjassot 46100, València, Spain.
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27
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Wang Y, Shen G, Li J, Mao W, Sun H, Feng P, Wu H. Bioorthogonal Cleavage of Tetrazine-Caged Ethers and Esters Triggered by trans-Cyclooctene. Org Lett 2022; 24:5293-5297. [PMID: 35848542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yayue Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guohua Shen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wuyu Mao
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongbao Sun
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Feng
- Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haoxing Wu
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Frontiers Science Center for Disease Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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28
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Suehiro F, Fujii S, Nishimura T. Bioorthogonal micellar nanoreactors for prodrug cancer therapy using an inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7026-7029. [PMID: 35642953 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02121h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Block copolymer micelles functionalized with tetrazine groups can act as nanoreactors to activate a trans-cyclooctene-functionalized prodrug for releasing anticancer drugs via a bioorthogonal inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction. In addition, the IEDDA reaction can be accelerated in the micellar nanoreactor system compared to the free tetrazine system. Moreover, In vivo prodrug activation in a mouse tumor model led to the inhibition of tumor growth without significant systemic toxicity. These results demonstrated their potential for applications as bioorthogonal micellar nanoreactors for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Suehiro
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan.
| | - Shota Fujii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan.
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29
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Recent Advances in the Development of Tetrazine Ligation Tools for Pretargeted Nuclear Imaging. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060685. [PMID: 35745604 PMCID: PMC9227058 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrazine ligation has gained interest as a bio-orthogonal chemistry tool within the last decade. In nuclear medicine, tetrazine ligation is currently being explored for pretargeted approaches, which have the potential to revolutionize state-of-the-art theranostic strategies. Pretargeting has been shown to increase target-to-background ratios for radiopharmaceuticals based on nanomedicines, especially within early timeframes. This allows the use of radionuclides with short half-lives which are more suited for clinical applications. Pretargeting bears the potential to increase the therapeutic dose delivered to the target as well as reduce the respective dose to healthy tissue. Combined with the possibility to be applied for diagnostic imaging, pretargeting could be optimal for theranostic approaches. In this review, we highlight efforts that have been made to radiolabel tetrazines with an emphasis on imaging.
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30
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Pandit B, Royzen M. Recent Development of Prodrugs of Gemcitabine. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030466. [PMID: 35328020 PMCID: PMC8954202 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog that has been used widely as an anticancer drug for the treatment of a variety of conditions, including ovarian, bladder, non-small-cell lung, pancreatic, and breast cancer. However, enzymatic deamination, fast systemic clearance, and the emergence of chemoresistance have limited its efficacy. Different prodrug strategies have been explored in recent years, seeking to obtain better pharmacokinetic properties, efficacy, and safety. Different drug delivery strategies have also been employed, seeking to transform gemcitabine into a targeted medicine. This review will provide an overview of the recent developments in gemcitabine prodrugs and their effectiveness in treating cancerous tumors.
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31
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32
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Arsić A, Hagemann C, Stajković N, Schubert T, Nikić-Spiegel I. Minimal genetically encoded tags for fluorescent protein labeling in living neurons. Nat Commun 2022; 13:314. [PMID: 35031604 PMCID: PMC8760255 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-27956-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern light microscopy, including super-resolution techniques, has brought about a demand for small labeling tags that bring the fluorophore closer to the target. This challenge can be addressed by labeling unnatural amino acids (UAAs) with bioorthogonal click chemistry. The minimal size of the UAA and the possibility to couple the fluorophores directly to the protein of interest with single-residue precision in living cells make click labeling unique. Here, we establish click labeling in living primary neurons and use it for fixed-cell, live-cell, dual-color pulse-chase, and super-resolution microscopy of neurofilament light chain (NFL). We also show that click labeling can be combined with CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering for tagging endogenous NFL. Due to its versatile nature and compatibility with advanced multicolor microscopy techniques, we anticipate that click labeling will contribute to novel discoveries in the neurobiology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Arsić
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cathleen Hagemann
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nevena Stajković
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Timm Schubert
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ivana Nikić-Spiegel
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 25, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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33
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Zhou Z, Feng S, Zhou J, Ji X, Long YQ. On-Demand Activation of a Bioorthogonal Prodrug of SN-38 with Fast Reaction Kinetics and High Releasing Efficiency In Vivo. J Med Chem 2021; 65:333-342. [PMID: 34963283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although a myriad of bioorthogonal prodrugs have been developed, very few of them present both fast reaction kinetics and complete cleavage. Herein, we report a new bioorthogonal prodrug strategy with both fast reaction kinetics (k2: ∼103 M-1 s-1) and complete cleavage (>90% within minutes) using the bioorthogonal reaction pair of N-oxide and boron reagent. Distinctively, an innovative 1,6-elimination-based self-immolative linker is masked by N-oxide, which can be bioorthogonally demasked by a boron reagent for the release of both amino and hydroxy-containing payload in live cells. Such a strategy was applied to prepare a bioorthogonal prodrug for a camptothecin derivative, SN-38, resulting in 10-fold weakened cytotoxicity against A549 cells, 300-fold enhanced water solubility, and "on-demand" activation upon a click reaction both in vitro and in vivo. This novel bioorthogonal prodrug strategy presents significant advances over the existing ones and may find wide applications in drug delivery in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhou
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shun Feng
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jujun Zhou
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xingyue Ji
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ya-Qiu Long
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
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34
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Wu K, Royzen M. Chemiluminescent probe for the detection of inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction between tetrazine and trans-Cyclooctene. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 47:116400. [PMID: 34530297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A chemiluminescent probe has been developed, consisting of phenoxy-dioxetane moiety covalently attached to trans-cyclooctene. The inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction with tetrazine produces a cycloaddition product which undergoes a series of spontaneous rearrangements resulting in emission of green light. The chemiluminescent probe can be applied to study bioconjugation chemistry with tetrazine-modified biomaterials, which have recently been shown to have great potential for anticancer drug delivery. This work describes in vitro studies, including NMR and spectroscopic investigation of chemiluminescence, which will pave way for future in vivo bioconjugation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Wu
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Chemistry, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, United States
| | - Maksim Royzen
- University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Chemistry, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, United States.
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35
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Yao Q, Gao S, Wu C, Lin T, Gao Y. Enzymatic non-covalent synthesis of supramolecular assemblies as a general platform for bioorthogonal prodrugs activation to combat drug resistance. Biomaterials 2021; 277:121119. [PMID: 34492583 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is one of the leading causes of the anticancer failures. Besides the blockage of the MDR pathways, the development of more potent drugs is with urgent needs, but has been postponed mainly due to an imbalance between safety and efficacy. The recent development of the bioorthogonal prodrug activation strategy has shown immense potential to balance safety and efficacy, while recent studies only focused on few drug entities such as doxorubicin and monomethyl auristatin E, leaving the vast collection of toxins undetermined. Here we have enumerated typical molecular entities ranging from food and drug administration (FDA) approved drugs to a heated antibody drug conjugates (ADC) warhead and a trichothecene toxin to demonstrate that the bioorthogonal caging and specific activation could serve as a general design to increase the therapeutic index of bioactive molecules. These prodrugs can be efficiently activated on-demand by the bioorthogonal activators whose distribution was regulated by the cancer cell specific enzymatic non-covalent synthesis of supramolecular self-assemblies. The prodrug activation not only enhanced the synergistic therapeutic effect within a broad range of dose ratios but also allowed the convenient switching of drug identities to successfully combat MDR tumor in vivo. In general, this strategy might serve as a general platform, which can be readily applicable to enlarge the therapeutic window for various bioactive molecules. We envision that the spatiotemporal controlled bioorthogonal prodrug activation would facilitate the discovery of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Yao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuo Gao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chengling Wu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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36
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Handula M, Chen KT, Seimbille Y. IEDDA: An Attractive Bioorthogonal Reaction for Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154640. [PMID: 34361793 PMCID: PMC8347371 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The pretargeting strategy has recently emerged in order to overcome the limitations of direct targeting, mainly in the field of radioimmunotherapy (RIT). This strategy is directly dependent on chemical reactions, namely bioorthogonal reactions, which have been developed for their ability to occur under physiological conditions. The Staudinger ligation, the copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and the strain-promoted [3 + 2] azide–alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) were the first bioorthogonal reactions introduced in the literature. However, due to their incomplete biocompatibility and slow kinetics, the inverse-electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction was advanced in 2008 by Blackman et al. as an optimal bioorthogonal reaction. The IEDDA is the fastest bioorthogonal reaction known so far. Its biocompatibility and ideal kinetics are very appealing for pretargeting applications. The use of a trans-cyclooctene (TCO) and a tetrazine (Tz) in the reaction encouraged researchers to study them deeply. It was found that both reagents are sensitive to acidic or basic conditions. Furthermore, TCO is photosensitive and can be isomerized to its cis-conformation via a radical catalyzed reaction. Unfortunately, the cis-conformer is significantly less reactive toward tetrazine than the trans-conformation. Therefore, extensive research has been carried out to optimize both click reagents and to employ the IEDDA bioorthogonal reaction in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryana Handula
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Kuo-Ting Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974301, Taiwan;
| | - Yann Seimbille
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-10-703-8961
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37
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Wang J, Wang X, Fan X, Chen PR. Unleashing the Power of Bond Cleavage Chemistry in Living Systems. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:929-943. [PMID: 34235254 PMCID: PMC8227596 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal cleavage chemistry has been rapidly emerging as a powerful tool for manipulation and gain-of-function studies of biomolecules in living systems. While the initial bond formation-centered bioorthogonal reactions have been widely adopted for labeling, tracing, and capturing biomolecules, the newly developed bond cleavage-enabled bioorthogonal reactions have opened new possibilities for rescuing small molecules as well as biomacromolecules in living systems, allowing multidimensional controls over biological processes in vitro and in vivo. In this Outlook, we first summarized the development and applications of bioorthogonal cleavage reactions (BCRs) that restore the functions of chemical structures as well as more complex networks, including the liberation of prodrugs, release of bioconjugates, and in situ reactivation of intracellular proteins. As we embarked on this fruitful progress, we outlined the unmet scientific needs and future directions along this exciting avenue. We believe that the potential of BCRs will be further unleashed when combined with other frontier technologies, such as genetic code expansion and proximity-enabled chemical labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Synthetic and Functional
Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern University of Science
and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Synthetic and Functional
Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinyuan Fan
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Synthetic and Functional
Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng R. Chen
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Synthetic and Functional
Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking−Tsinghua
Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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38
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Mancuso F, Rahm M, Dzijak R, Mertlíková-Kaiserová H, Vrabel M. Transition-Metal-Mediated versus Tetrazine-Triggered Bioorthogonal Release Reactions: Direct Comparison and Combinations Thereof. Chempluschem 2021; 85:1669-1675. [PMID: 32757364 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal cleavage reactions are gaining popularity in chemically inducible prodrug activation and in the control of biomolecular functions. Despite similar applications, these reactions were developed and optimized on different substrates and under different experimental conditions. Reported herein is a side-by-side comparison of palladium-, ruthenium- and tetrazine-triggered release reactions, which aims at comparing the reaction kinetics, efficiency and overall advantages and limitations of the methods. In addition, we disclose the possibility of mutual combination of the cleavage reactions. Finally, we compare the efficiency of the bioorthogonal deprotections in cellular experiments, which revealed that among the three methods investigated, the palladium- and the tetrazine-promoted reaction can be used for efficient prodrug activation, but only the tetrazine-triggered reactions proceed efficiently inside cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mancuso
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (CHIBIOFARAM), Viale Palatucci 13, I-98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Michal Rahm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Dzijak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Mertlíková-Kaiserová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrabel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic
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39
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Kang D, Kim J. Bioorthogonal Retro-Cope Elimination Reaction of N, N-Dialkylhydroxylamines and Strained Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5616-5621. [PMID: 33829777 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A bioorthogonal reaction between N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines and cyclooctynes is described. This reaction features a highly regioselective transformation between small, easily functionalizable reaction components with second-order rate constants reaching 84 M-1 s-1. The reaction is orthogonal to the inverse-electron demand Diels-Alder reactions between tetrazine and strained alkenes, and its components exhibit exquisite stability and chemoselectivity in cell lysate. This retro-Cope elimination reaction introduces a new member to the bioorthogonal reaction compendium outside the prolific class of cycloaddition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahye Kang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Justin Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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40
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Dadhwal S, Lee A, Goswami SK, Hook S, Gamble AB. Synthesis and formulation of self‐immolative
PEG
‐aryl azide block copolymers and click‐to‐release reactivity with
trans
‐cyclooctene. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Dadhwal
- School of Pharmacy University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
- Department of Chemistry University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Arnold Lee
- School of Pharmacy University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | | | - Sarah Hook
- School of Pharmacy University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
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41
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Dzijak R, Galeta J, Vázquez A, Kozák J, Matoušová M, Fulka H, Dračínský M, Vrabel M. Structurally Redesigned Bioorthogonal Reagents for Mitochondria-Specific Prodrug Activation. JACS AU 2021; 1:23-30. [PMID: 33554213 PMCID: PMC7851953 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of abiotic chemical reactions that can be performed in an organelle-specific manner can provide new opportunities in drug delivery and cell and chemical biology. However, due to the complexity of the cellular environment, this remains a significant challenge. Here, we introduce structurally redesigned bioorthogonal tetrazine reagents that spontaneously accumulate in mitochondria of live mammalian cells. The attributes leading to their efficient accumulation in the organelle were optimized to include the right combination of lipophilicity and positive delocalized charge. The best performing mitochondriotropic tetrazines enable subcellular chemical release of TCO-caged compounds as we show using fluorogenic substrates and mitochondrial uncoupler niclosamide. Our work demonstrates that a shrewd redesign of common bioorthogonal reagents can lead to their transformation into organelle-specific probes, opening the possibility to activate prodrugs and manipulate biological processes at the subcellular level by using purely chemical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rastislav Dzijak
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Galeta
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Arcadio Vázquez
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kozák
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marika Matoušová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Fulka
- Department
of Cell Nucleus Plasticity, Institute of
Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Víden̆ská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vrabel
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
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42
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Sun J, Li J, Sun H, Li C, Wu H. Concise Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclobutene Analogues for Bioorthogonal Tetrazine Ligation. Molecules 2021; 26:E276. [PMID: 33429851 PMCID: PMC7827859 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel bioorthogonal tools enable the development of new biomedical applications. Here we report the concise synthesis of a series of aryl-functionalized cyclobutene analogues using commercially available starting materials. Our study demonstrates that cyclobutene acts as a small, strained dienophile to generate stable substrates suitable for bioorthogonal tetrazine ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Sun
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Xiang 37, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.S.); (J.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Xiang 37, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.S.); (J.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Hongbao Sun
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Xiang 37, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.S.); (J.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Chunling Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Haoxing Wu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Xiang 37, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.S.); (J.L.); (H.S.)
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43
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Deb T, Tu J, Franzini RM. Mechanisms and Substituent Effects of Metal-Free Bioorthogonal Reactions. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6850-6914. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Titas Deb
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Julian Tu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Raphael M. Franzini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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44
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Wu H, Feng P. Activation and Delivery of Tetrazine-Responsive Bioorthogonal Prodrugs. Molecules 2020; 25:E5640. [PMID: 33266075 PMCID: PMC7731009 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prodrugs, which remain inert until they are activated under appropriate conditions at the target site, have emerged as an attractive alternative to drugs that lack selectivity and show off-target effects. Prodrugs have traditionally been activated by enzymes, pH or other trigger factors associated with the disease. In recent years, bioorthogonal chemistry has allowed the creation of prodrugs that can be chemically activated with spatio-temporal precision. In particular, tetrazine-responsive bioorthogonal reactions can rapidly activate prodrugs with excellent biocompatibility. This review summarized the recent development of tetrazine bioorthogonal cleavage reaction and great promise for prodrug systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayue Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chang Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Haoxing Wu
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.W.); (C.Z.)
| | - Ping Feng
- Institute of Clinical Trials, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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45
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Wilkovitsch M, Haider M, Sohr B, Herrmann B, Klubnick J, Weissleder R, Carlson JCT, Mikula H. A Cleavable C 2-Symmetric trans-Cyclooctene Enables Fast and Complete Bioorthogonal Disassembly of Molecular Probes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19132-19141. [PMID: 33119297 PMCID: PMC7662912 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry is bridging the divide between static chemical connectivity and the dynamic physiologic regulation of molecular state, enabling in situ transformations that drive multiple technologies. In spite of maturing mechanistic understanding and new bioorthogonal bond-cleavage reactions, the broader goal of molecular ON/OFF control has been limited by the inability of existing systems to achieve both fast (i.e., seconds to minutes, not hours) and complete (i.e., >99%) cleavage. To attain the stringent performance characteristics needed for high fidelity molecular inactivation, we have designed and synthesized a new C2-symmetric trans-cyclooctene linker (C2TCO) that exhibits excellent biological stability and can be rapidly and completely cleaved with functionalized alkyl-, aryl-, and H-tetrazines, irrespective of click orientation. By incorporation of C2TCO into fluorescent molecular probes, we demonstrate highly efficient extracellular and intracellular bioorthogonal disassembly via omnidirectional tetrazine-triggered cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wilkovitsch
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Haider
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Sohr
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Herrmann
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jenna Klubnick
- Center
for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center
for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jonathan C. T. Carlson
- Center
for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Cancer
Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Hannes Mikula
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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46
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Porte K, Riberaud M, Châtre R, Audisio D, Papot S, Taran F. Bioorthogonal Reactions in Animals. Chembiochem 2020; 22:100-113. [PMID: 32935888 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The advent of bioorthogonal chemistry has led to the development of powerful chemical tools that enable increasingly ambitious applications. In particular, these tools have made it possible to achieve what is considered to be the holy grail of many researchers involved in chemical biology: to perform unnatural chemical reactions within living organisms. In this minireview, we present an update of bioorthogonal reactions that have been carried out in animals for various applications. We outline the advances made in the understanding of fundamental biological processes, and the development of innovative imaging and therapeutic strategies using bioorthogonal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Porte
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Maxime Riberaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rémi Châtre
- Université de Poitiers, UMR-CNRS 7285, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), 86022, Poitiers, France) E-mail
| | - Davide Audisio
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sébastien Papot
- Université de Poitiers, UMR-CNRS 7285, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), 86022, Poitiers, France) E-mail
| | - Frédéric Taran
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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47
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de Geus MAR, Groenewold GJM, Maurits E, Araman C, van Kasteren SI. Synthetic methodology towards allylic trans-cyclooctene-ethers enables modification of carbohydrates: bioorthogonal manipulation of the lac repressor. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10175-10179. [PMID: 34094281 PMCID: PMC8162276 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03216f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) pyridazine elimination is one of the key bioorthogonal bond-breaking reactions. In this reaction trans-cyclooctene (TCO) serves as a tetrazine responsive caging moiety for amines, carboxylic acids and alcohols. One issue to date has been the lack of synthetic methods towards TCO ethers from functionalized (aliphatic) alcohols, thereby restricting bioorthogonal utilization. Two novel reagents were developed to enable controlled formation of cis-cyclooctene (CCO) ethers, followed by optimized photochemical isomerization to obtain TCO ethers. The method was exemplified by the controlled bioorthogonal activation of the lac operon system in E. coli using a TCO-ether-modified carbohydrate inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A R de Geus
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - G J Mirjam Groenewold
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Elmer Maurits
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Can Araman
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Sander I van Kasteren
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
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48
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Li H, Conde J, Guerreiro A, Bernardes GJL. Tetrazine Carbon Nanotubes for Pretargeted In Vivo “Click‐to‐Release” Bioorthogonal Tumour Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - João Conde
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa Av. Prof. Egas Moniz 1649-028 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Ana Guerreiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa Av. Prof. Egas Moniz 1649-028 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Gonçalo J. L. Bernardes
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa Av. Prof. Egas Moniz 1649-028 Lisboa Portugal
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49
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Bojtár M, Németh K, Domahidy F, Knorr G, Verkman A, Kállay M, Kele P. Conditionally Activatable Visible-Light Photocages. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15164-15171. [PMID: 32786783 PMCID: PMC7472520 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
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The proof of concept for conditionally
activatable photocages is
demonstrated on a new vinyltetrazine-derivatized coumarin. The tetrazine
form is disabled in terms of light-induced cargo release, however,
bioorthogonal transformation of the modulating tetrazine moiety results
in fully restored photoresponsivity. Irradiation of such a “click-armed”
photocage with blue light leads to fast and efficient release of a
set of caged model species, conjugated via various linkages. Live-cell
applicability of the concept was also demonstrated by the conditional
release of a fluorogenic probe using mitochondrial pretargeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Bojtár
- "Lendület" Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences. Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Németh
- "Lendület" Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences. Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Farkas Domahidy
- "Lendület" Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences. Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Knorr
- "Lendület" Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences. Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - András Verkman
- "Lendület" Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences. Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Kállay
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, P.O. Box 91, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Kele
- "Lendület" Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences. Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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50
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Li H, Conde J, Guerreiro A, Bernardes GJL. Tetrazine Carbon Nanotubes for Pretargeted In Vivo "Click-to-Release" Bioorthogonal Tumour Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16023-16032. [PMID: 32558207 PMCID: PMC7540421 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The bioorthogonal inverse‐electron‐demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) cleavage reaction between tetrazine and trans‐cyclooctene (TCO) is a powerful way to control the release of bioactive agents and imaging probes. In this study, a pretargeted activation strategy using single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) that bear tetrazines (TZ@SWCNTs) and a TCO‐caged molecule was used to deliver active effector molecules. To optimize a turn‐on signal by using in vivo fluorescence imaging, we developed a new fluorogenic near‐infrared probe that can be activated by bioorthogonal chemistry and image tumours in mice by caging hemicyanine with TCO (tHCA). With our pretargeting strategy, we have shown selective doxorubicin prodrug activation and instantaneous fluorescence imaging in living cells. By combining a tHCA probe and a pretargeted bioorthogonal approach, real‐time, non‐invasive tumour visualization with a high target‐to‐background ratio was achieved in a xenograft mice tumour model. The combined advantages of enhanced stability, kinetics and biocompatibility, and the superior pharmacokinetics of tetrazine‐functionalised SWCNTs could allow application of targeted bioorthogonal decaging approaches with minimal off‐site activation of fluorophore/drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - João Conde
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Guerreiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
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