1
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Queffélec C, Pati PB, Pellegrin Y. Fifty Shades of Phenanthroline: Synthesis Strategies to Functionalize 1,10-Phenanthroline in All Positions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6700-6902. [PMID: 38747613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
1,10-Phenanthroline (phen) is one of the most popular ligands ever used in coordination chemistry due to its strong affinity for a wide range of metals with various oxidation states. Its polyaromatic structure provides robustness and rigidity, leading to intriguing features in numerous fields (luminescent coordination scaffolds, catalysis, supramolecular chemistry, sensors, theranostics, etc.). Importantly, phen offers eight distinct positions for functional groups to be attached, showcasing remarkable versatility for such a simple ligand. As a result, phen has become a landmark molecule for coordination chemists, serving as a must-use ligand and a versatile platform for designing polyfunctional arrays. The extensive use of substituted phenanthroline ligands with different metal ions has resulted in a diverse array of complexes tailored for numerous applications. For instance, these complexes have been utilized as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells, as luminescent probes modified with antibodies for biomaterials, and in the creation of elegant supramolecular architectures like rotaxanes and catenanes, exemplified by Sauvage's Nobel Prize-winning work in 2016. In summary, phen has found applications in almost every facet of chemistry. An intriguing aspect of phen is the specific reactivity of each pair of carbon atoms ([2,9], [3,8], [4,7], and [5,6]), enabling the functionalization of each pair with different groups and leading to polyfunctional arrays. Furthermore, it is possible to differentiate each position in these pairs, resulting in non-symmetrical systems with tremendous versatility. In this Review, the authors aim to compile and categorize existing synthetic strategies for the stepwise polyfunctionalization of phen in various positions. This comprehensive toolbox will aid coordination chemists in designing virtually any polyfunctional ligand. The survey will encompass seminal work from the 1950s to the present day. The scope of the Review will be limited to 1,10-phenanthroline, excluding ligands with more intracyclic heteroatoms or fused aromatic cycles. Overall, the primary goal of this Review is to highlight both old and recent synthetic strategies that find applicability in the mentioned applications. By doing so, the authors hope to establish a first reference for phenanthroline synthesis, covering all possible positions on the backbone, and hope to inspire all concerned chemists to devise new strategies that have not yet been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yann Pellegrin
- Nantes Université, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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2
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Fei G, Li S, Liu Y, Carney JB, Chen T, Li Y, Gao X, Chen J, Chen P, Yue Y, Bao K, Tang B, Chen G. Structure-activity strategies for mechanically responsive fluorescent materials: a molecular perspective. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 60:10-25. [PMID: 38018176 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04992b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical response luminescence (MRL) describes the photophysical properties triggered by mechanical stimulation. Usually, MRL can be regulated by intermolecular interactions, molecular conformation or molecular packing, to achieve the desirable optical properties. Herein, at the molecular level, this review covers the factors that influence mechanically responsive fluorescent materials, involving the single- or multifactorial modulation of aliphatic chains, donor-receptor switch, substituent adjustment, and position isomerism. According to these factors, the structure-activity strategies can be summarized as: (i) the self-recovery of optical properties, from the final to initial state, can be regulated by introducing long alkyl chains to a fluorophore. (ii) The sensitivity of MRL materials can be controlled by modifying the donor-acceptor structure via the changed ICT (intramolecular charge transfer) and intramolecular interaction. (iii) The electronic and steric effects of substituents can affect ICT and intermolecular interactions, thereby resulting in high quantum yield and high-contrast MRL materials via changing the molecular stacking of crystalline states. (iv) Intermolecular interaction is modulated by the position isomerism of the substituents, which results in switched molecular packing for the extended response toward a wide range of stimuli. It is anticipated that the molecular mechanisms of these structure-activity relationships will serve as a significant reference for developing novel, high contrast, recyclable mechanical response luminous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqiang Fei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Shaoqi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Yuxia Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Jared B Carney
- Department of Chemistry, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware 19901, USA.
| | - Tao Chen
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS, No. 23, Qinghai, 810008, China.
| | - Yulin Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS, No. 23, Qinghai, 810008, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Gao
- Jiangsu Simba Biological Medicine Co., Ltd. Gaogang Distrct Qidizhihui Park, Taizhou city, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Jiangsu Simba Biological Medicine Co., Ltd. Gaogang Distrct Qidizhihui Park, Taizhou city, China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yanfeng Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware 19901, USA.
| | - Kai Bao
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
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3
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S VB, Vadivel M, Singh DP, Raghunathan VA, Roy A, Kumar S. Benzopyrano-Fused Phenanthridine-Based Columnar Mesogens: Synthesis, Self-organization and Charge-Transport Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300227. [PMID: 36856078 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Columnar mesogens constitute a fascinating class of supramolecular nano-architectures owing to the exceptional properties induced by their self-assembling behavior. Extending the π-conjugated core in such systems by incorporating heteroatoms extensively influences their mesomorphic, photophysical properties, etc., presenting them as potential candidates for optoelectronic applications. In the present work, a series of novel nitrogen and oxygen-incorporated chromenonaphthophenanthridine-based elliptical dimers have been synthesized through tandem Pictet-Spengler cyclization followed by ipso-aromatic substitution in one-pot. Mesophase characterization has been carried out by employing POM, DSC, and X-ray diffraction studies. Photophysical properties were investigated using UV-vis and emission spectroscopy. Furthermore, the charge transport properties were analyzed by time-of-flight measurements, and the observed ambipolar mobilities were found to be of the order of 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 . The high solubility, excellent thermal stability, self-organizing properties, and ambipolar charge transport characteristics make them promising candidates for applications in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanishree Bhat S
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - Marichandran Vadivel
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - Dharmendra Pratap Singh
- UDSMM, Unité de Dynamique et Structure es Matériaux Moléculaires, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, UR 4476, Calais, 62228, France
| | - V A Raghunathan
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - Arun Roy
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Soft Condensed Matter group, Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560080, India
- Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
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4
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Kou Y, Li G, Han Y, Li M, Wang T, Qu Z, Chen Y. Angularly fused diaza-dinaphthopyrenes: regio-selective synthesis, crystal structures and isomer-dependent mechanochromic fluorescent properties. Chem Sci 2023; 14:668-674. [PMID: 36741508 PMCID: PMC9848161 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05608a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a one-pot synthesis of a series of unprecedented angular-fused diaza-dinaphthopyrene isomers (1,8-DNPy and 1,6-DNPy) in high yields, which are enabled by regio-selective Bischler-Napieralski cyclization to fuse two quinolone rings either on the same or opposite faces of a pyrene core. Benefiting from the high reactivity of the 1- and 8-positions of the pyrene ring, steric effect from substitution and remarkably different dipole moments, high ring closure selectivity for the 1,8-form vs. the 1,6-form up to 6 : 1 is achieved with ease of separation. With differentiated molecular symmetry, conformation, intermolecular interactions and aromaticity, the two kinds of regio-isomers exhibit distinct single-crystal structures and optoelectronic properties. Impressively, isomer-dependent mechanochromic fluorescent properties of these 2D-azaacenes are identified, which are unique in their turn-on fluorescence feature and contrasting spectral shifts. These findings allow facile and modular access to regio-specific 2D-N-heteroarenes, which provide a way to create innovative optical sensors with improved sensitivity and fruitful fluorescent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kou
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300354P. R. China
| | - Guangwu Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai UniversityJinnan DistrictTianjin 300350P. R. China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300354P. R. China
| | - Mengwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300354P. R. China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300354P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Qu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijing 100871P. R. China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300354P. R. China,State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012P. R. China
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5
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Yu Z, Shi G, Wang KP, Xu LZ, Chen S, Hu ZQ. Benzothiadiazole-derived double aza [5]helicenes: Synthesis, crystal structure and optical properties. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Gong X, Li C, Cai Z, Wan X, Qian H, Yang G. Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Aza-Helicenes with Chiral Optical Properties. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8406-8412. [PMID: 35730543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aza-helicenes are one of the most important series of heterohelicenes; herein, a series of novel aza-helicenes (5H, 6H, 6S, and 8S) were prepared via Bischler-Napieralski cyclization, and the interconversion dynamic process of these aza-helicenes was revealed using density functional theory calculations. The novel nitrogen-doped [6]helicene (6H) possesses a very high interconversion energy barrier of 36.0 kcal/mol. Two enantiomers of 6H were successfully resolved by high-performance liquid chromatography and showed desired chiral optical properties. 6H with chiral optical activity and lone electrons can be a potential candidate for chiral switches, which was demonstrated using the UV and circular dichroism spectra obtained upon titration with an acid and a base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Zhixiong Cai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Xuejuan Wan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Haixia Qian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Guanghui Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
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7
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Ma W, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Zong S, Wang B, Li J. Make waste profitable: repurposing SAPO-34 coke from the methanol-to-olefin reaction for luminescent CDs@zeolite composites. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00998f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An ecologically beneficial concept is offered to repurpose SAPO-34 coke from the methanol-to-olefin reaction into CDs@zeolite composites with multiple luminosities by a simple calcination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yida Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jiani Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Siyu Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bolun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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8
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Deng WJ, Liu S, Lin H, Zhao KX, Bai XY, Zhao KQ, Hu P, Wang BQ, Monobe H, Donnio B. Ditriphenylenothiophene butterfly-shape liquid crystals. The influence of polyarene core topology on self-organization, fluorescence and photoconductivity. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00655c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two series of regio-isomeric mesomorphous, luminescent and conductive compounds, based on a ditriphenylenothiophene core (α/β-DTPT), were successfully synthesized by the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling/Scholl cyclo-dehydrogenation reactions tandem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Deng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Hang Lin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ke-Xiao Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Bai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ke-Qing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Bi-Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Hirosato Monobe
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda, Osaka, 5638577, Japan
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Materiaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg (UMR 7504), Strasbourg, 67034, France
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9
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Wang C, Xie F, Zhong H, Wang F, Huang N. Hierarchical lyotropic liquid crystalline behaviors of supramolecular polymers influenced by alkyl chain branching. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00786j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The peripheral chain branching in monomeric structures influences the hierarchical supramolecular assembly and lyotropic liquid crystalline properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xie
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ningdong Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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10
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Gouda MA, Abu-Hashem AA, Abdelgawad AAM. Thieno[3,2-c] quinoline Heterocyclic Synthesis and Reactivity part (VI). MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x18666211004102537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
The biological and medicinal properties of thieno[3, 2-c] quinoline have prompted enormous research aimed at developing synthetic routes to these systems. This review focuses on the chemical properties associated with this system. The most-reported reactions are Bischler-Napieralski, Suzuki−Miyaura−Schlüter, Pictet-Spengler, Stille coupling. Friedlander and Beckmann rearrangement reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa A. Gouda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Taibah University, Ulla, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameen A. Abu-Hashem
- Photochemistry Department (Heterocyclic Unit), National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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11
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Vishwakarma VK, Sudhakar AA. Structure-property relationships of quinoxaline-based liquid crystals. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:8221-8257. [PMID: 34486640 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00932j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Quinoxaline derivatives with different molecular structures stabilizing liquid crystalline self-assembly are discussed in this review. This class of molecules can be systematically modified with careful molecular engineering to achieve different molecular shapes, directing them to self-assemble into various types of mesophases. The structure-property relationships of such molecules and the resultant self-assembled functional structures are of utmost importance in organic electronic devices and related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Vishwakarma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Achalkumar Ammathnadu Sudhakar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
- Centre for Sustainable Polymers, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
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12
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Li M, Yuan Y, Chen Y. Bischler‐Napieralski
Cyclization: A Versatile Reaction towards Functional
Aza‐PAHs
and Their Conjugated Polymers
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 China
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13
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Yuan W, Wang C, Wu M, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Liu M, Xie T, He W, Li L, Wang F, Chen Y. Supramolecular Polymerization of C3-Symmetric, Triphenylene-Cored Aza-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Excellent and Switchable Circularly Polarized Luminescence Performance. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Mengjiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China
| | - Zidan Zhang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ze Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Titi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China
| | - Weiye He
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yulan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China
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14
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Xie T, Yuan W, Li X, Li M, Chen Y. Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Chiral
p
‐Terphenylene‐Based
Supramolecular Aggregates. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Titi Xie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 China
| | - Xiaopei Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 China
| | - Mengwei Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 China
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15
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Liang C, Li M, Chen Y. Amphiphilic Diazapyrenes with Multiple Stimuli-Responsive Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:20698-20707. [PMID: 33881818 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of amphiphilic diazapyrenes exhibiting switchable fluorescence under the stimulus of mechanical force or water vapor are reported for the first time. Comprehensive studies of their photophysical properties in different states based on UV-Vis absorption, FL emission, FT-IR spectroscopy, and XRD analysis have revealed a stimuli-induced excimer-based sensing mechanism. The relationship between molecular structures and optical responsive properties of these diazapyrene derivatives is illustrated. Moreover, the unique fluorescent, stimuli-responsive behaviors of these diazapyrene compounds in the solid state are used to fabricate sensory films for successively and orthogonally sensing mechanical force and water vapor. In contrast to the well-established knowledge on the transformation between the pyrene monomer and excimer, our study offers valuable information about the unknown diazapyrene excimers and demonstrates their potential applications in biocompatible force sensors, data storage, and humidity sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China
| | - Mengwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China
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16
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Huang Q, Guo Q, Lan J, Su R, Ran Y, Yang Y, Bin Z, You J. Mechanically induced single-molecule white-light emission of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) materials. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1499-1508. [PMID: 34846458 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh02032j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Described herein is the first example of mechanically induced single-molecule white-light emission based on excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) materials. The mechanism of mechanochromism is clearly disclosed by powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) data, infrared spectroscopy, and fluorescence up-conversion measurement, etc. 2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)oxazole (6b) with a herringbone packing motif exhibits a predominant keto-form emission, giving off yellowish-green fluorescence. Mechanical grinding transforms the herringbone packing motif into a brickwork packing motif, decreases the intermolecular distances, which results in an enhanced intermolecular charge-transfer interaction, and therefore changes the ESIPT dynamics, leading to an enhanced enol-form emission and white fluorescence. Herringbone-packing 6b is thermodynamically more stable than brickwork-packing 6b. Thus, the latter can convert to the former by solvent fuming or thermal annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Das S, Mondal A, Reddy CM. Harnessing molecular rotations in plastic crystals: a holistic view for crystal engineering of adaptive soft materials. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8878-8896. [PMID: 33185234 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00475h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Plastic crystals (PCs), formed by certain types of molecules or ions with reorientational freedom, offer both exceptional mechanical plasticity and long range order, hence they are attractive for many mechano-adaptable technologies. While most classic PCs belong to simple globular molecular systems, a vast number of examples in the literature with diverse geometrical (cylindrical, bent, disk, etc.) and chemical (neutral, ionic, etc.) natures have proven their wide scope and opportunities. All the recent reviews on PCs aim to provide insights into a particular application, for instance, organic plastic crystal electrolytes or ferroelectrics. This tutorial review presents a holistic view of PCs by unifying the recent excellent progress in fundamental concepts from diverse areas as well as comparing them with liquid crystals, amphidynamic crystals, ordered crystals, etc. We cover the molecular and structural origins of the unique characteristics of PCs, such as exceptional plasticity, facile reversible switching of order-to-disorder states and associated colossal heat changes, and diffusion of ions/molecules, and their attractive applications in solid electrolytes, opto-electronics, ferroeletrics, piezoelectrics, pyroelectrics, barocalorics, magnetics, nonlinear optics, and so on. The recent progress not only demonstrates the diversity of scientific areas in which PCs are gaining attention but also the opportunities one can exploit using a crystal engineering approach, for example, the design of novel dynamic functional soft materials for future use in flexible devices or soft-robotic machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susobhan Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
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18
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Xu X, Chen Q, Narita A. Synthesis and Characterization of Dibenzo[<i>hi,st</i>]ovalene as a Highly Fluorescent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Its π-Extension to Circumpyrene. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiushang Xu
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University
| | - Qiang Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
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19
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Chen S, Jiang S, Qiu J, Guo H, Yang F. Dual-responding circularly polarized luminescence based on mechanically and thermally induced assemblies of cyano-distyrylbenzene hydrogen bonding liquid crystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7745-7748. [PMID: 32579619 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09826g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Circularly polarized luminescence controlled by both mechanics and temperature was observed for the first time. The cyano-distyrylbenzene-cholesterol liquid crystals exhibited not only mechanochromism and thermochromism but also mechanically induced and thermally induced circularly polarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, P. R. China.
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20
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Li Y, Concellón A, Lin CJ, Romero NA, Lin S, Swager TM. Thiophene-fused polyaromatics: synthesis, columnar liquid crystal, fluorescence and electrochemical properties. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4695-4701. [PMID: 34122924 PMCID: PMC8159230 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00714e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient syntheses that incorporate thiophene units into different extended conjugation systems are of interest as a result of the prevalence of sulfur-rich aromatics in organic electronics. Self-organization by using liquid crystal properties is also desirable for optimal processing of organic electronics and optical devices. In this article, we describe a two-step process to access extended regioisomers of polyaromatics with different shapes. This method involves an efficient single or double benzannulation from an alkyne precursor followed by Scholl cyclization. In spite of their unconventional nondiscoid shape, these materials display stable columnar liquid crystal phases. We examine the photophysical and electrochemical properties and find that structurally very similar thiophene-fused polyaromatics display significant differences in their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02143 USA
| | - Alberto Concellón
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02143 USA
| | - Che-Jen Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02143 USA
| | - Nathan A Romero
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02143 USA
| | - Sibo Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02143 USA
| | - Timothy M Swager
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02143 USA
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21
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Yuan W, Cheng J, Li X, Wu M, Han Y, Yan C, Zou G, Müllen K, Chen Y. 5,6,12,13-Tetraazaperopyrenes as Unique Photonic and Mechanochromic Fluorophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9940-9945. [PMID: 31872529 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
5,6,12,13-Tetraazaperopyrenes with different number of tert-butyl groups (c-TAPP-T, c-TAPP-H) were synthesized, via four-fold Bischler-Napieralski cyclization as the key step. As deduced from the single-crystal structures and optical properties, N-doping and substitution type allow for a precise control of intermolecular interactions. Compared to the reported 1,3,8,10-tetraazaperopyrenes, significantly different packing modes were found in 5,6,12,13-tetraazaperopyrenes. Going from c-TAPP-T to c-TAPP-H, two additional tert-butyl groups lead to different preferential growth directions, affording 1D and 2D microcrystals, respectively. Most importantly, both microcrystals exhibit excellent optical waveguide properties with extraordinarily low loss coefficients and unique polarization features. Although c-TAPP-H possesses a rigid and planar core, its crystals display an exceptional mechanochromic fluorescence, which, again, depends on the mode of molecular packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Junjie Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xiaopei Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Mengjiao Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Yi Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Chunmei Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Gang Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yulan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
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22
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5,6,12,13‐Tetraazaperopyrenes as Unique Photonic and Mechanochromic Fluorophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Li M, Zajaczkowski W, Velpula G, Jänsch D, Graf R, Marszalek T, Parekh SH, Zagranyarski Y, Mali K, Wagner M, De Feyter S, Li C, Müllen K, Pisula W. Transformation from helical to layered supramolecular organization of asymmetric perylene diimides via multiple intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Chem Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01911a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The solid-state supramolecular organization of asymmetric perylene diimide is transformed from helical to layered self-assembly after thermal annealing.
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24
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Han Y, Hu Z, Liu M, Li M, Wang T, Chen Y. Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Diazapyrenes via Bischler–Napieralski Reaction. J Org Chem 2019; 84:3953-3959. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhu Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Meifang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Weifang University, Weifang, 261061, P. R. China
| | - Mengwei Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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25
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Deng X, Guo H, Meng X, Wang K, Zou B, Ma Y. Visible responses under high pressure in crystals: phenolphthalein and its analogues with adjustable ring-opening threshold pressures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4663-4666. [PMID: 30933204 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01145e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ring-opening reaction of phenolphthalein (PP) crystals under hydrostatic pressure provided by using a diamond anvil cell (DAC) is described in this paper for the first time. The color of the crystals changed into red from colorless visibly. The ring-opening threshold pressures could be adjusted by changing the substituent groups. Mechanochromic responses under hydrostatic pressure could also be achieved in polymer blends, which contributes to their practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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26
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Zhang T, Zhang C, Li X, Liang M, Bian W, Zhang Y, Wang K, Xue P. Fluorescence response of cruciform D–π–A–π–D phenothiazine derivatives to mechanical force. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00568d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Three kinds of crystals of two phenothiazine derivatives transformed into similar amorphous powders, in which the short-range π-stacking can be deduced by single-crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin 300387
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin 300387
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin 300387
| | - Meng Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin 300387
| | - Weixiao Bian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin 300387
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin 300387
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin 300387
| | - Pengchong Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin 300387
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27
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Zhang S, Wang B, Jia X, Yuan Y. Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cascade Annulation Reaction
via
C−H Activation of Azobenzenes with Terminal Alkynes: A Synthesis of Indolo[1,2‐
b
]cinnolines. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 People's Republic of China
| | - Biying Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 People's Republic of China
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28
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Wu M, Han Y, Wang B, Yuan Y, Xing C, Chen Y. S,N-Heteroacene-Based Conjugated Microporous Polymers as Fluorescent Sensors and Effective Antimicrobial Carriers. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:473-479. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yi Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chengfen Xing
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
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