1
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Santos T, Pérez-Pérez Y, Rivero DS, Diana-Rivero R, García-Tellado F, Tejedor D, Carrillo R. Dynamic Hydroxyl-Yne Reaction with Phenols. Org Lett 2022; 24:8401-8405. [PMID: 36350079 PMCID: PMC10443044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic Covalent Chemistry (DCvC) has gained increasing importance in supramolecular chemistry and materials science. Herein we prove the dynamic nature of the exchange between phenols and vinyl ethers. Exchange is fast at room temperature and under mild conditions. The equilibrium constants and the electronic effect of the phenol substituents were calculated. This novel incorporation to the DCvC toolbox could be quite useful, and as a proof it was used for the synthesis of a responsive molecular cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanausú Santos
- Instituto
Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO),
Universidad de La Laguna, P.O. Box 456, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Yaiza Pérez-Pérez
- Instituto
de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez
3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - David S. Rivero
- Instituto
de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez
3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Raquel Diana-Rivero
- Instituto
de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez
3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Fernando García-Tellado
- Instituto
de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez
3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - David Tejedor
- Instituto
de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez
3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Romen Carrillo
- Instituto
de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez
3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
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2
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She Z, Zou H, You L. Tuning the selectivity of amino acid recognition with dynamic covalent bond constrained fluorophores in aqueous media. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6897-6904. [PMID: 35972458 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01361d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The recognition and discrimination of amino acids are generating continuous interest due to their importance. Herein we developed a series of dynamic covalent reaction constrained aldehyde-derived fluorescent probes for the binding of amino acids with tunable selectivity. Diverse emission behaviors were obtained via pH triggered movement of ring-chain tautomerization equilibrium of aldehyde probes. By taking advantage of the distinct pKa and reactivity of aldehyde probes and amino acids, unique fluorescence signaling patterns were generated, and the selectivity for amino acid recognition was further modulated. The selective recognition of Cys/Hcy was attained at pH 7.4 as a result of thiazolidine formation. The manipulation of the reactivity at pH 10 enabled the realization of high selectivity for His and Cys, respectively. Moreover, pH and redox stimuli-responsive dynamic covalent networks were constructed for the regulation of amino acid recognition. The strategies and results described should be appealing in many aspects, including dynamic assemblies, molecular sensing, biological labeling, and smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian She
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Hanxun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Lei You
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China. .,Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
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3
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Jiang G, Hai Y, Ye H, You L. Dynamic Covalent Chemistry Constrained Diphenylethenes: Control over Reactivity and Luminescence in both Solution and Solid State. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00057a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diarylethenes (DAEs) are an important class of building blocks in chemistry and materials science, and hence, their modulation and functionalization are of critical significance. Here we demonstrate a general strategy...
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4
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Nakashima K, Petek A, Hori Y, Georgiev A, Hirashima SI, Matsushima Y, Yordanov D, Miura T, Antonov L. Acylhydrazone Subunits as a Proton Cargo Delivery System in 7-Hydroxyquinoline. Chemistry 2021; 27:11559-11566. [PMID: 34137094 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The reimagined concept of long-range tautomeric proton transfer using crane subunits is shown by designing and synthesising two new acylhydrazones containing a 7-hydroxyquinoline (7-OHQ) platform. The acylhydrazone subunits attached to the 7-OHQ at the 8th position act as crane arms for delivering proton cargo to the quinoline nitrogen. Light-induced tautomerization to their keto forms leads to Z/E isomerization of the C=C axle bond, followed by proton delivery to the quinoline nitrogen by the formation of covalent or hydrogen bonds. The axle's being either an imine or ketimine bond is the structural difference between the studied compounds. The -CH3 group in the latter provides steric strain, resulting in different proton transport pathways. Both compounds show long thermal stability in the switched state, which creates a tuneable action of bidirectional proton cargo transport by using different wavelengths of irradiation. Upon the addition of acid, the quinoline nitrogen is protonated; this results in E/Z configuration switching of the acylhydrazone subunits. This was proven by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis and NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Nakashima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Anton Petek
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yutaro Hori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Anton Georgiev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 St. Kliment Ohridski blvd, 1756, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev avenue, bldg. 109, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Shin-Ichi Hirashima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Matsushima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Dancho Yordanov
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradsko chaussee blvd, 1784, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev avenue, bldg. 9, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Tsuyoshi Miura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Liudmil Antonov
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradsko chaussee blvd, 1784, Sofia, Bulgaria
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5
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Sattar F, Feng Z, Zou H, Ye H, Zhang Y, You L. Dynamic covalent bond constrained ureas for multimode fluorescence switching, thermally induced emission, and chemical signaling cascades. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00500f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A combination of organic ureas and dynamic covalent chemistry was demonstrated for multistate switching, thermally induced fluorescence, and signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazli Sattar
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Zelin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Hanxun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering
- Foshan University
- Foshan
- China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
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6
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Hao T, Yang Y, Liang W, Fan C, Wang X, Wu W, Chen X, Fu H, Chen H, Yang C. Trace mild acid-catalysed Z → E isomerization of norbornene-fused stilbene derivatives: intelligent chiral molecular photoswitches with controllable self-recovery. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2614-2622. [PMID: 34164029 PMCID: PMC8179340 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05213b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stilbene derivatives have long been known to undergo "acid-catalyzed" Z → E isomerization, where a strong mineral acid at high concentration is practically necessary. Such severe reaction conditions often cause undesired by-reactions and limit their potential application. Herein, we present a trace mild acid-catalyzed Z → E isomerization found with stilbene derivatives fused with a norbornene moiety. By-reactions, such as the migration of the C[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bond and electrophilic addition reactions, were completely inhibited because of the ring strain caused by the fused norbornene component. Direct photolysis of the E isomers at selected wavelengths led to the E → Z photoisomerization of these stilbene derivatives and thus constituted a unique class of molecular switches orthogonally controllable by light and acid. The catalytic amount of acid could be readily removed, and the Z → E isomerization could be controlled by turning on/off the irradiation of a photoacid, which allowed repeated isomerization in a non-invasive manner. Moreover, the Z isomer produced by photoisomerization could spontaneously self-recover to the E isomer in the presence of a catalytic amount of acid. The kinetics of Z → E isomerization were adjustable by manipulating catalytic factors and, therefore, unprecedented molecular photoswitches with adjustable self-recovery were realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Hao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yongsheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Wenting Liang
- Institute of Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Chunying Fan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Wanhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaochuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
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7
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Ren Y, Kravchenko O, Ramström O. Configurational and Constitutional Dynamics of Enamine Molecular Switches. Chemistry 2020; 26:15654-15663. [PMID: 33044767 PMCID: PMC7756271 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dual configurational and constitutional dynamics in systems based on enamine molecular switches has been systematically studied. pH-responsive moieties, such as 2-pyridyl and 2-quinolinyl units, were required on the "stator" part, also providing enamine stability through intramolecular hydrogen-bonding (IMHB) effects. Upon protonation or deprotonation, forward and backward switching could be rapidly achieved. Extension of the stator π-system in the 2-quinolinyl derivative provided a higher E-isomeric equilibrium ratio under neutral conditions, pointing to a means to achieve quantitative forward/backward isomerization processes. The "rotor" part of the enamine switches exhibited constitutional exchange ability with primary amines. Interestingly, considerably higher exchange rates were observed with amines containing ester groups, indicating potential stabilization of the transition state through IMHB. Acids, particularly BiIII , were found to efficiently catalyze the constitutional dynamic processes. In contrast, the enamine and the formed dynamic enamine system showed excellent stability under basic conditions. This coupled configurational and constitutional dynamics expands the scope of dynamic C-C and C-N bonds and potentiates further studies and applications in the fields of molecular machinery and systems chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Ren
- Department of ChemistryKTH—Royal Institute of TechnologyTeknikringen 3610044StockholmSweden
| | - Oleksandr Kravchenko
- Department of ChemistryKTH—Royal Institute of TechnologyTeknikringen 3610044StockholmSweden
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of ChemistryKTH—Royal Institute of TechnologyTeknikringen 3610044StockholmSweden
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Massachusetts LowellOne University Ave.LowellMA01854USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical SciencesLinnaeus University39182KalmarSweden
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8
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Li Y, Chen X, Weng T, Yang J, Zhao C, Wu B, Zhang M, Zhu L, Zou Q. A monomolecular platform with varying gated photochromism. RSC Adv 2020; 10:42194-42199. [PMID: 35516767 PMCID: PMC9057850 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08214g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the development of modern high-performance photoelectric materials, the gated photochromic materials have attracted wide attention. However, the integration of varying signal regulations into gated photochromism to construct efficient photochromic materials is still an urgent necessity. Herein, we designed and synthesized a new gated photoswitching DTEP based on a Schiff base with a diarylethene core. The photochromic properties of compound DTEP can be regulated to different degrees by multiple stimuli, including UV/visible light, Cu2+ and Ni2+. The compound DTEP showed different response abilities to Cu2+ and Ni2+, due to the diverse complexation modes between DTEP and Cu2+ as well as Ni2+. The photochromic properties of compound DTEP could be inhibited completely by the introduction of Cu2+ to form a 1 : 1 complexation, while the weak gated photochromism could be found from the DTEP–Ni2+ complex in a 1 : 2 stoichiometry. Relying on such varying degrees of gated photochromic properties, a new molecular logic circuit was constructed to undertake complicated logical operations. A strategy to realize varying degrees of gated photochromic properties by coordinating with different metal ions within one unimolecular system was devised to achieve the construction of a logic circuit for multi-functional molecular switching.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezheng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power Shanghai 200090 China
| | - Xuanying Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power Shanghai 200090 China
| | - Taoyu Weng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power Shanghai 200090 China
| | - Jufang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power Shanghai 200090 China
| | - Chunrui Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power Shanghai 200090 China
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Qi Zou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power Shanghai 200090 China
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9
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He M, Lehn JM. Time-Dependent Switching of Constitutional Dynamic Libraries and Networks from Kinetic to Thermodynamic Distributions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18560-18569. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meixia He
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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10
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Zou H, Hai Y, Ye H, You L. Dynamic Covalent Switches and Communicating Networks for Tunable Multicolor Luminescent Systems and Vapor-Responsive Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16344-16353. [PMID: 31547653 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular switches are an intensive area of research, and in particular, the control of multistate switching is challenging. Herein we introduce a general and versatile strategy of dynamic covalent switches and communicating networks, wherein distinct states of reversible covalent systems can induce addressable fluorescence switching. The regulation of intramolecular ring/chain equilibrium, intermolecular dynamic covalent reactions (DCRs) with amines, and both permitted the activation of optical switches. The variation in electron-withdrawing competition between the fluorophore and 2-formylbenzenesulfonyl unit afforded diverse signaling patterns. The combination of switches in situ further enabled the creation of communicating networks for multistate color switching, including white emission, through the delicate control of DCRs in complex mixtures. Finally, reversible and recyclable multiresponsive luminescent materials were achieved with molecular networks on the solid support, allowing visualization of different types of vapors and quantification of primary amine vapors with high sensitivity and wide detection range. The results reported herein should be appealing for future studies of dynamic assemblies, molecular sensing, intelligent materials, and biological labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yu Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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11
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Gerkman MA, Yuan S, Duan P, Taufan J, Schmidt-Rohr K, Han GGD. Phase transition of spiropyrans: impact of isomerization dynamics at high temperatures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5813-5816. [PMID: 31041949 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02141h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Isomerization behaviors of spiropyran derivatives in neat condensed phase were studied to understand their unusual phase transitions including cold-crystallization after extreme supercooling down to -50 °C. Compounds with different functional groups were compared, and the equilibrium between isomers at high temperatures was found to determine phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihael A Gerkman
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA.
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12
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Ren Y, Xie S, Svensson Grape E, Inge AK, Ramström O. Multistimuli-Responsive Enaminitrile Molecular Switches Displaying H +-Induced Aggregate Emission, Metal Ion-Induced Turn-On Fluorescence, and Organogelation Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13640-13643. [PMID: 30351138 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multistimuli-responsive enaminitrile-based configurational switches displaying aggregation-induced emission (AIE), fluorescence turn-on effects, and supergelation properties are presented. The E-isomers dominated (>97%) in neutral/basic solution, and the structures underwent precisely controlled switching around the enamine C═C bond upon addition of acid/base. Specific fluorescence output was observed in response to different external input in the solution and solid states. In response to H+, configurational switching resulted in complete formation of the nonemissive Z-H+-isomers in solution, however displaying deep-blue to blue fluorescence (ΦF up to 0.41) in the solid state. In response to CuII in the solution state, the E-isomers exhibited intense, turn-on, blue-green fluorescence, which could be turned off by addition of competitive coordination. The acid/base-activated switching, together with the induced AIE-effects, further enabled the accomplishment of a responsive superorganogelator. In nonpolar solvents, a blue-fluorescent supramolecular gel was formed upon addition of acid to the E-isomer suspension. The gelation could be reversed by addition of base, and the overall, reversible process could be repeated at least five cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Ren
- Department of Chemistry , Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 36 , S-10044 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Sheng Xie
- Department of Chemistry , Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 36 , S-10044 Stockholm , Sweden.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , People's Republic of China
| | - Erik Svensson Grape
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Stockholm University , SE-10691 , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - A Ken Inge
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Stockholm University , SE-10691 , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry , Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 36 , S-10044 Stockholm , Sweden.,Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts Lowell , One University Avenue , Lowell , Massachusetts 01854 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences , Linnaeus University , SE-39182 Kalmar , Sweden
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