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Da Y, Zhang X, Peng C, Huang H, Zhang S, Chu PK, Yu XF, Wang J. Selectively Confined Black Phosphorus Nanowires in Carbon Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:54157-54165. [PMID: 37942866 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoconfinement of low-dimensional materials opens up a new territory for tailoring material hybridization to produce novel geometric structures for applications in electronics, catalysis, and photonics. Despite the progress made in the encapsulation of 2D materials, exploration of their definite crystal structures into lower-dimensional nanomaterials is still largely unexplored. Herein, one-dimensional black phosphorus (BP) nanowires with an aspect ratio of over 100 produced by confining BP into the CNT (conf-BP@CNT) are reported. Notably, the unique structure and dimensions of BP were determined by confinement within the CNT and were accurately characterized by crystallography. During the spatially confined growth, the defects and capillarity effect of the CNT promote nucleation and growth of BP within the CNT. conf-BP@CNT shows surface charge localization of conf-BP and protection rendered by the CNT shell, giving rise to more efficient and stable photocatalytic rhodamine B (RhB) degradation than the bare exfoliated BP nanosheets. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of nanoconfinement in producing nanomaterials with controllable dimensions, precise spatial arrangement, and unique structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Da
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chao Peng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hao Huang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Biomedical Imaging Science and System Key Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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Li Y, Li A, Li J, Tian H, Zhang Z, Zhu S, Zhang R, Liu S, Cao K, Kang L, Li Q. Efficient Synthesis of Highly Crystalline One-Dimensional CrCl 3 Atomic Chains with a Spin Glass State. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20112-20119. [PMID: 37791779 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) magnetic material systems have attracted widespread interest from researchers because of their peculiar physical properties and potential applications in spintronics devices. However, the synthesis of 1D magnetic atomic chains has seldom been investigated. Here, we developed an iodine-assisted vacuum chemical vapor-phase transport (I-VCVT) method, utilizing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with 1D cavities as templates, and high-quality and high-efficiency fabrication of 1D atomic chains of CrCl3 was achieved. Furthermore, the structure of CrCl3 atomic chains in the confined space of SWCNTs was analyzed in detail, and the charge transfer between the 1D atomic chains and SWCNTs was investigated through spectroscopic characterization. A comprehensive study of the dynamic magnetic properties revealed the existence of spin glass states and freezing of the 1D CrCl3 atomic chains at around 3 K, which has never been seen in bulk CrCl3. Our work established an effective strategy for the control synthesis of 1D magnetic atomic chains with promising potential applications in further magnetic-based spintronics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Li
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Alei Li
- Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jing Li
- Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haiquan Tian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Siqi Zhu
- Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kecheng Cao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lixing Kang
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qingwen Li
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
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Chang J, Jiang T, Fang W, Chen J. Towards an accurate description of one-dimensional pnictogen allotropes in nano-confinements. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:9256-9263. [PMID: 36919657 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00059a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) confined pnictogen shows a diverse range of allotropes and potential applications in electronic devices and the chemical industry. Here, we report a theoretical study aimed at an accurate assessment of the thermodynamic stability of pnictogen structures under nano-meter confinements. We develop a cylindrical potential for pnictogen, which can be integrated with density functional theory to model a confined system towards achieving ab initio accuracy. We discuss in detail the performance of confining potentials and provide insights into the understanding of complex interactions between confined pnictogen and carbon nanotubes. We reassess the thermodynamic stability of 1D pnictogens in carbon nanotubes, explaining the diverse features of confined pnictogens in recent experimental and theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chang
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Tonghuan Jiang
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Ji Chen
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.,Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.,Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
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4
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Kharlamova MV, Kramberger C. Electrochemistry of Carbon Materials: Progress in Raman Spectroscopy, Optical Absorption Spectroscopy, and Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:640. [PMID: 36839009 PMCID: PMC9961505 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper is dedicated to the discussion of applications of carbon material in electrochemistry. The paper starts with a general discussion on electrochemical doping. Then, investigations by spectroelectrochemistry are discussed. The Raman spectroscopy experiments in different electrolyte solutions are considered. This includes aqueous solutions and acetonitrile and ionic fluids. The investigation of carbon nanotubes on different substrates is considered. The optical absorption experiments in different electrolyte solutions and substrate materials are discussed. The chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes is considered. Finally, the application of carbon materials and chemically functionalized carbon nanotubes in batteries, supercapacitors, sensors, and nanoelectronic devices is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna V. Kharlamova
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application (CEMEA) of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 5807/9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Kharlamova MV, Kramberger C. Phemenology of Filling, Investigation of Growth Kinetics and Electronic Properties for Applications of Filled Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13020314. [PMID: 36678067 PMCID: PMC9862314 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the phemenology of filling, the investigation of kinetics, and the electronic properties for applications of filled single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and summarizes five main achievements that were obtained in processing the spectroscopic data of SWCNTs filled with metal halogenide, metal chalcogenide, metal and metallocenes. First, the methods of processing kinetic data were developed to reveal precise trends in growth rates and activation energies of the growth of SWCNTs. Second, the metal-dependence of kinetics was revealed. Third, metallicity-sorted (metallic and semiconducting) SWCNTs were filled with a range of substances and the electronic properties were investigated. Fourth, new approaches to processing the data of spectroscopic investigations of filled SWCNTs were developed, which allowed more reliable and precise analysis of the experimental results. Fifth, the correlation between the physical and chemical properties of encapsulated substances and the electronic properties of SWCNTs were elucidated. These points are highlighted in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna V. Kharlamova
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application (CEMEA), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 5807/9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Christian Kramberger
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Kashtiban RJ, Burdanova MG, Vasylenko A, Wynn J, Medeiros PVC, Ramasse Q, Morris AJ, Quigley D, Lloyd-Hughes J, Sloan J. Linear and Helical Cesium Iodide Atomic Chains in Ultranarrow Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Impact on Optical Properties. ACS NANO 2021; 15:13389-13398. [PMID: 34370946 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) atomic chains of CsI were previously reported in double-walled carbon nanotubes with ∼0.8 nm inner diameter. Here, we demonstrate that, while 1D CsI chains form within narrow ∼0.73 nm diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), wider SWCNT tubules (∼0.8-1.1 nm) promote the formation of helical chains of CsI 2 × 1 atoms in cross-section. These CsI helices create complementary oval distortions in encapsulating SWCNTs with highly strained helices formed from strained Cs2I2 parallelogram units in narrow tubes to lower strain Cs2I2 units in wider tubes. The observed structural changes and charge distribution were analyzed by density-functional theory and Bader analysis. CsI chains also produce conformation-selective changes to the electronic structure and optical properties of the encapsulating tubules. The observed defects are an interesting variation from defects commonly observed in alkali halides as these are normally associated with the Schottky and Frenkel type. The energetics of CsI 2 × 1 helix formation in SWCNTs suggests how these could be controllably formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza J Kashtiban
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | | | - Andrij Vasylenko
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Jamie Wynn
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | | | - Quentin Ramasse
- SuperSTEM Laboratory, STFC Daresbury Campus, Daresbury WA44AD, U.K
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Andrew J Morris
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - David Quigley
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | | | - Jeremy Sloan
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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Bu YF, Zhao M, Chen Y, Gao W, Jiang Q. Effects of atomic species and interatomic distance on the interactions in one-dimensional nanomaterials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:25889-25895. [PMID: 31742307 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04031e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Noncovalent van der Waals (vdW) interactions are significant for the constitution of nanomaterials; however, they are not well understood in one-dimensional materials. Herein, we employ density functional theory (DFT) methods to address this issue and find that the many-body effects of vdW interactions within the one-dimensional wires composed of atoms chosen from the second period (B, C, N, O, F) vary with the interatomic distance of the wires. Furthermore, the atomic species effectively regulate the transition threshold of the many-body effects of vdW interactions. In the case of the adsorption of n-heptane (C7H16) on the wires, the atomic species alters the interactions between the wires and the molecule by modulating the coupling vibration between wires and C7H16 molecules. Correspondingly, replacing a portion of Pb with Tl atoms could contribute to the stability of the organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites with one-dimensional structures. Our findings not only contribute to the understanding of vdW interactions in one-dimensional structures with second-period atoms (B, C, N, O, F) but also provide clues for improving the stability of perovskites with one-dimensional structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China.
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Hart M, Chen J, Michaelides A, Sella A, Shaffer MSP, Salzmann CG. One-Dimensional Pnictogen Allotropes inside Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:15216-15224. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hart
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ji Chen
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, Stuttgart 70569, German
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, Stuttgart 70569, German
- Thomas Young Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Sella
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Milo S. P. Shaffer
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph G. Salzmann
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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Quijano-Briones JJ, Fernández-Escamilla HN, Guerrero-Sánchez J, Martínez-Guerra E, Takeuchi N. Structural transition induced by compression and stretching of puckered arsenene nanotubes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:22467-22474. [PMID: 31584057 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05000k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The stretching and compression effects on puckered arsenene nanotubes (AsNTs) are investigated by using density functional calculations. The atomic arrangement determines the nanotube properties and relative stability; therefore, zigzag, chiral, and armchair present different properties. Since the AsNT properties depend on the diameter, three cases are considered: (a) (0, 9) and (9, 0), (b) (0, 14) and (14, 0), and (c) (0, 19) and (19, 0) NTs. For all calculated parameters of the smallest NTs, it is found that the armchair (0, 9) nanotube is always more stable than the zigzag (9, 0) nanotube. On the other hand, for the two largest NTs, a structural transition from armchair to zigzag is found upon stretching. Phase transitions are of great interest, in part because they result in changes of the properties of the material under study, changes that can be used in many technologies. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a structural transition in a puckered nanotube has been predicted. Our results show that the electronic band gap of the AsNTs can be modulated by increasing or decreasing the axial lattice parameter. It is also found that semiconductor NTs are more stable than metallic NTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Quijano-Briones
- CICFIM Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L. 66450, Mexico
| | - H N Fernández-Escamilla
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 14, Ensenada Baja California, Código Postal 22800, Mexico.
| | - J Guerrero-Sánchez
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 14, Ensenada Baja California, Código Postal 22800, Mexico.
| | - E Martínez-Guerra
- CICFIM Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L. 66450, Mexico
| | - Noboru Takeuchi
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 14, Ensenada Baja California, Código Postal 22800, Mexico.
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Gerber IC, Serp P. A Theory/Experience Description of Support Effects in Carbon-Supported Catalysts. Chem Rev 2019; 120:1250-1349. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iann C. Gerber
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Serp
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPR 8241 CNRS, INPT, 31400 Toulouse, France
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12
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13
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Slade CA, Sanchez AM, Sloan J. Unprecedented New Crystalline Forms of SnSe in Narrow to Medium Diameter Carbon Nanotubes. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:2979-2984. [PMID: 30973739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of four unprecedented new crystalline forms of SnSe, obtained as a result of encapsulation in narrow to medium diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy at 80 kV revealed linear, zigzag, helical (i.e., 2 × 1) atomic chains and a new form of encapsulated SnSe. This new form is apparently isostructural to free-standing MoS, MoSe, and WSe extreme nanowires etched from the corresponding monolayer dichalcogenides and also recently observed encapsulated MoTe. A structural model has been attained from annular dark-field (ADF) images. The experimental imaging agrees well with image simulations produced from models anticipated for the new structural forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A Slade
- Department of Physics , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - Ana M Sanchez
- Department of Physics , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Sloan
- Department of Physics , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
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Abstract
The generation and handling of the light-sensitive and metastable yellow arsenic (As4) is extremely challenging. In view of recent breakthroughs in synthesizing As4 storage materials and transfer reagents, the more intensive use of yellow arsenic as a source for further reactions can be expected. Given these aspects, the current stage of knowledge of the direct use of As4 is comprehensively summarized in the present review, which lists the activation of As4 by main group elements as well as transition metal compounds (including the f-block elements). Moreover, it also partly compares the reaction outcomes in relation to the corresponding reactions of P4. The possibility of using alternative sources for generating arsenic moieties and compounds is also discussed. The release of As4 molecules from precursor compounds and the use of transfer reagents for polyarsenic entities open up new synthetic pathways to avoid the direct generation of yellow arsenic solutions and to ensure its smooth usage for subsequent reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Seidl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , 93043 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , 93043 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , 93043 Regensburg , Germany
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15
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Sandoval S, Kierkowicz M, Pach E, Ballesteros B, Tobias G. Determination of the length of single-walled carbon nanotubes by scanning electron microscopy. MethodsX 2018; 5:1465-1472. [PMID: 30505700 PMCID: PMC6249399 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A methodology is presented to determine the length of well individualized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Accurate measurements on wide areas of the sample can be achieved in an easy, fast and trustworthy manner. We have tested several supports and solvents to optimize the dispersion of SWCNTs, as well as the SEM imaging conditions. The optimal methodology goes via dispersion of the sample in ortho-dichlorobenzene, deposition onto a continuous carbon film supported on a copper TEM grid, and SEM imaging at 2 kV in secondary electrons mode using a through-in-lens detector. Individualization of SWCNTs is achieved by dispersion of SWCNTs in ortho-dichlorobenzene and deposition onto TEM grids Individual SWCNTs are imaged by SEM Length determination by SEM is as precise as AFM
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Sandoval
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magdalena Kierkowicz
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elzbieta Pach
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Ballesteros
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Gerard Tobias
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Corresponding authors.
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Jamdagni P, Thakur A, Kumar A, Ahluwalia PK, Pandey R. Two dimensional allotropes of arsenene with a wide range of high and anisotropic carrier mobility. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:29939-29950. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06162a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Considering the rapid development of experimental techniques for fabricating 2D materials in recent years, various monolayers are expected to be experimentally realized in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jamdagni
- Department of Physics, Himachal Pradesh University
- Shimla
- India
| | - Anil Thakur
- Department of Physics, Govt. P. G. College
- Solan
- India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Physical Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab
- Bathinda
- India
| | - P. K. Ahluwalia
- Department of Physics, Himachal Pradesh University
- Shimla
- India
| | - Ravindra Pandey
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University
- Houghton
- USA
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