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Hart M, Kern F, Fecher-Trost C, Krammes L, Aparicio E, Engel A, Hirsch P, Wagner V, Keller V, Schmartz GP, Rheinheimer S, Diener C, Fischer U, Mayer J, Meyer MR, Flockerzi V, Keller A, Meese E. Experimental capture of miRNA targetomes: disease-specific 3'UTR library-based miRNA targetomics for Parkinson's disease. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:935-945. [PMID: 38556547 PMCID: PMC11059366 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification of targetomes remains a challenge given the pleiotropic effect of miRNAs, the limited effects of miRNAs on individual targets, and the sheer number of estimated miRNA-target gene interactions (MTIs), which is around 44,571,700. Currently, targetome identification for single miRNAs relies on computational evidence and functional studies covering smaller numbers of targets. To ensure that the targetome analysis could be experimentally verified by functional assays, we employed a systematic approach and explored the targetomes of four miRNAs (miR-129-5p, miR-129-1-3p, miR-133b, and miR-873-5p) by analyzing 410 predicted target genes, both of which were previously associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). After performing 13,536 transfections, we validated 442 of the 705 putative MTIs (62,7%) through dual luciferase reporter assays. These analyses increased the number of validated MTIs by at least 2.1-fold for miR-133b and by a maximum of 24.3-fold for miR-873-5p. Our study contributes to the experimental capture of miRNA targetomes by addressing i) the ratio of experimentally verified MTIs to predicted MTIs, ii) the sizes of disease-related miRNA targetomes, and iii) the density of MTI networks. A web service to support the analyses on the MTI level is available online ( https://ccb-web.cs.uni-saarland.de/utr-seremato ), and all the data have been added to the miRATBase database ( https://ccb-web.cs.uni-saarland.de/miratbase ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hart
- Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Fabian Kern
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)-Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University Campus, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claudia Fecher-Trost
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lena Krammes
- Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ernesto Aparicio
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Annika Engel
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Pascal Hirsch
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Viktoria Wagner
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Verena Keller
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department for Internal Medicine II, Saarland University Hospital, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Caroline Diener
- Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Fischer
- Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jens Mayer
- Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus R Meyer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Veit Flockerzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)-Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University Campus, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
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Wagner V, Kern F, Hahn O, Schaum N, Ludwig N, Fehlmann T, Engel A, Henn D, Rishik S, Isakova A, Tan M, Sit R, Neff N, Hart M, Meese E, Quake S, Wyss-Coray T, Keller A. Characterizing expression changes in noncoding RNAs during aging and heterochronic parabiosis across mouse tissues. Nat Biotechnol 2024; 42:109-118. [PMID: 37106037 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01751-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms of organismal and cell aging remain incompletely understood. We, therefore, generated a body-wide map of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) expression in aging (16 organs at ten timepoints from 1 to 27 months) and rejuvenated mice. We found molecular aging trajectories are largely tissue-specific except for eight broadly deregulated microRNAs (miRNAs). Their individual abundance mirrors their presence in circulating plasma and extracellular vesicles (EVs) whereas tissue-specific ncRNAs were less present. For miR-29c-3p, we observe the largest correlation with aging in solid organs, plasma and EVs. In mice rejuvenated by heterochronic parabiosis, miR-29c-3p was the most prominent miRNA restored to similar levels found in young liver. miR-29c-3p targets the extracellular matrix and secretion pathways, known to be implicated in aging. We provide a map of organism-wide expression of ncRNAs with aging and rejuvenation and identify a set of broadly deregulated miRNAs, which may function as systemic regulators of aging via plasma and EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Wagner
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Fabian Kern
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)-Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University Campus, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Oliver Hahn
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Schaum
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Ludwig
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Saarland, Germany
| | - Tobias Fehlmann
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Annika Engel
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Dominic Henn
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shusruto Rishik
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alina Isakova
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Tan
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rene Sit
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Norma Neff
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Martin Hart
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Saarland, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Saarland, Germany
| | - Steve Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Andreas Keller
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)-Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University Campus, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Pohlers M, Gies S, Taenzer T, Stroeder R, Theobald L, Ludwig N, Kim YJ, Bohle RM, Solomayer EF, Meese E, Hart M, Walch-Rückheim B. Th17 cells target the metabolic miR-142-5p-succinate dehydrogenase subunit C/D (SDHC/SDHD) axis, promoting invasiveness and progression of cervical cancers. Mol Oncol 2023. [PMID: 37899663 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
During cervical carcinogenesis, T-helper (Th)-17 cells accumulate in the peripheral blood and tumor tissues of cancer patients. We previously demonstrated that Th17 cells are associated with therapy resistance as well as cervical cancer metastases and relapse; however, the underlying Th17-driven mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, using microarrays, we found that Th17 cells induced an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype of cervical cancer cells and promoted migration and invasion of 2D cultures and 3D spheroids via induction of microRNA miR-142-5p. As the responsible mechanism, we identified the subunits C and D of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex as new targets of miR-142-5p and provided evidence that Th17-miR-142-5p-dependent reduced expression of SDHC and SDHD mediated enhanced migration and invasion of cancer cells using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for SDHC and SDHD, and miR-142-5p inhibitors. Consistently, patients exhibited high levels of succinate in their serum associated with lymph node metastases and diminished expression of SDHD in patient biopsies correlated with increased numbers of Th17 cells. Correspondingly, a combination of weak or negative SDHD expression and a ratio of Th17/CD4+ T cells > 43.90% in situ was associated with reduced recurrence-free survival. In summary, we unraveled a previously unknown molecular mechanism by which Th17 cells promote cervical cancer progression and suggest evaluation of Th17 cells as a potential target for immunotherapy in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Pohlers
- Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Institute of Virology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Selina Gies
- Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Institute of Virology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Tanja Taenzer
- Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Institute of Virology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Russalina Stroeder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Laura Theobald
- Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Institute of Virology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Nicole Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Yoo-Jin Kim
- Institute of Pathology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Rainer Maria Bohle
- Institute of Pathology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Erich Franz Solomayer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Martin Hart
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Barbara Walch-Rückheim
- Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Institute of Virology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Mitten D, Hart M, Warner SH, Penttinen JP, Guina M, Kaneda Y. High output power, single mode, and TEM 00 operation of a multiple gain chip VECSEL using a twisted-mode configuration. Opt Express 2023; 31:12680-12685. [PMID: 37157423 DOI: 10.1364/oe.486113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL) has been developed for a sodium guide star application. Stable single frequency operation with 21 W of output power near 1178 nm with multiple gain elements while lasing in the TEM00 mode has been achieved. Higher output power results in multimode lasing. For the sodium guide star application, the 1178 nm can be frequency doubled to 589 nm. The power scaling approach used involves using multiple gain mirrors in a folded standing wave cavity. This is the first demonstration of a high power single frequency VECSEL using a twisted-mode configuration and multiple gain mirrors located at the cavity folds.
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Hart M, Diener C, Lunkes L, Rheinheimer S, Krammes L, Keller A, Meese E. miR-34a-5p as molecular hub of pathomechanisms in Huntington's disease. Mol Med 2023; 29:43. [PMID: 37013480 PMCID: PMC10295337 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a pivotal role of microRNA (miRNA, miR) in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease (HD) is increasingly recognized, the molecular functions of miRNAs in the pathomechanisms of HD await further elucidation. One of the miRNAs that have been associated with HD is miR-34a-5p, which was deregulated in the mouse R6/2 model and in human HD brain tissues. METHODS The aim of our study was to demonstrate interactions between miR-34a-5p and HD associated genes. By computational means we predicted 12 801 potential target genes of miR-34a-5p. An in-silico pathway analysis revealed 22 potential miR-34a-5p target genes in the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway "Huntington's disease". RESULTS Using our high-throughput miRNA interaction reporter assay (HiTmIR) we identified NDUFA9, TAF4B, NRF1, POLR2J2, DNALI1, HIP1, TGM2 and POLR2G as direct miR-34a-5p target genes. Direct binding of miR-34a-5p to target sites in the 3'UTRs of TAF4B, NDUFA9, HIP1 and NRF1 was verified by a mutagenesis HiTmIR assay and by determining endogenous protein levels for HIP1 and NDUFA9. STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins) analysis identified protein-protein interaction networks associated with HD like "Glutamine Receptor Signaling Pathway" and "Calcium Ion Transmembrane Import Into Cytosol". CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates multiple interactions between miR-34a-5p and HD associated target genes and thereby lays the ground for future therapeutic interventions using this miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hart
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Building 60, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Caroline Diener
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Building 60, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Laetitia Lunkes
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Building 60, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Rheinheimer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Building 60, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lena Krammes
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Building 60, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Building 60, 66421, Homburg, Germany
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Diener C, Hart M, Fecher-Trost C, Knittel J, Rheinheimer S, Meyer MR, Mayer J, Flockerzi V, Keller A, Meese E. Outside the limit: questioning the distance restrictions for cooperative miRNA binding sites. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:8. [PMID: 36694129 PMCID: PMC9875415 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the concepts in biology that are widely taken granted is a potentiated cooperative effect of multiple miRNAs on the same target. This strong hypothesis contrasts insufficient experimental evidence. The quantity as well as the quality of required side constraints of cooperative binding remain largely hidden. For miR-21-5p and miR-155-5p, two commonly investigated regulators across diseases, we selected 15 joint target genes. These were chosen to represent various neighboring 3'UTR binding site constellations, partially exceeding the distance rules that have been established for over a decade. We identified different cooperative scenarios with the binding of one miRNA enhancing the binding effects of the other miRNA and vice versa. Using both, reporter assays and whole proteome analyses, we observed these cooperative miRNA effects for genes that bear 3'UTR binding sites at distances greater than the previously defined limits. Astonishingly, the experiments provide even stronger evidence for cooperative miRNA effects than originally postulated. In the light of these findings the definition of targetomes specified for single miRNAs need to be refined by a concept that acknowledges the cooperative effects of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Diener
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hart
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Fecher-Trost
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Knittel
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Rheinheimer
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus R. Meyer
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology & Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jens Mayer
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Veit Flockerzi
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany ,grid.461899.bHelmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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Menegatti J, Nakel J, Stepanov YK, Caban KM, Ludwig N, Nord R, Pfitzner T, Yazdani M, Vilimova M, Kehl T, Lenhof HP, Philipp SE, Meese E, Fröhlich T, Grässer FA, Hart M. Changes of Protein Expression after CRISPR/Cas9 Knockout of miRNA-142 in Cell Lines Derived from Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205031. [PMID: 36291816 PMCID: PMC9600116 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The gene of the human tumor suppressive microRNA-142 (miR-142) carries mutations in about 20% of cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Because microRNAs post-transcriptionally regulate the protein expression of their cognate messenger RNA (mRNAs) targets, we determined the effect of miR-142 knockout on protein expression in two cell lines derived from DLBCL. We found a significant up-regulation of 52 proteins but also a down-regulation of 41 proteins upon miR-142 deletion. Knockout of a miRNA may be used to identify novel targets, and seed-sequence mutants of a miRNA unable to bind to their targets can be used to confirm potential novel targets. With this approach, we identify AKT1S1, CCNB1, LIMA1 and TFRC as novel targets of miR-142. As miR-142 is highly present in the miRNA processing RISC complexes, the deletion of this miRNA might result in its replacement by other miRNAs, thus introducing an additional layer of complexity regarding gene regulation. Abstract Background: As microRNA-142 (miR-142) is the only human microRNA gene where mutations have consistently been found in about 20% of all cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), we wanted to determine the impact of miR-142 inactivation on protein expression of DLBCL cell lines. Methods: miR-142 was deleted by CRISPR/Cas9 knockout in cell lines from DLBCL. Results: By proteome analyses, miR-142 knockout resulted in a consistent up-regulation of 52 but also down-regulation of 41 proteins in GC-DLBCL lines BJAB and SUDHL4. Various mitochondrial ribosomal proteins were up-regulated in line with their pro-tumorigenic properties, while proteins necessary for MHC-I presentation were down-regulated in accordance with the finding that miR-142 knockout mice have a defective immune response. CFL2, CLIC4, STAU1, and TWF1 are known targets of miR-142, and we could additionally confirm AKT1S1, CCNB1, LIMA1, and TFRC as new targets of miR-142-3p or -5p. Conclusions: Seed-sequence mutants of miR-142 confirmed potential targets and novel targets of miRNAs can be identified in miRNA knockout cell lines. Due to the complex contribution of miRNAs within cellular regulatory networks, in particular when miRNAs highly present in RISC complexes are replaced by other miRNAs, primary effects on gene expression may be covered by secondary layers of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Menegatti
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Nakel
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Youli K. Stepanov
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Karolina M. Caban
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Ruth Nord
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfitzner
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Maryam Yazdani
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Monika Vilimova
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Tim Kehl
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Lenhof
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stephan E. Philipp
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Friedrich A. Grässer
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (F.A.G.); (M.H.)
| | - Martin Hart
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (F.A.G.); (M.H.)
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Jorstad SG, Marscher AP, Raiteri CM, Villata M, Weaver ZR, Zhang H, Dong L, Gómez JL, Perel MV, Savchenko SS, Larionov VM, Carosati D, Chen WP, Kurtanidze OM, Marchini A, Matsumoto K, Mortari F, Aceti P, Acosta-Pulido JA, Andreeva T, Apolonio G, Arena C, Arkharov A, Bachev R, Banfi M, Bonnoli G, Borman GA, Bozhilov V, Carnerero MI, Damljanovic G, Ehgamberdiev SA, Elsässer D, Frasca A, Gabellini D, Grishina TS, Gupta AC, Hagen-Thorn VA, Hallum MK, Hart M, Hasuda K, Hemrich F, Hsiao HY, Ibryamov S, Irsmambetova TR, Ivanov DV, Joner MD, Kimeridze GN, Klimanov SA, Knött J, Kopatskaya EN, Kurtanidze SO, Kurtenkov A, Kuutma T, Larionova EG, Leonini S, Lin HC, Lorey C, Mannheim K, Marino G, Minev M, Mirzaqulov DO, Morozova DA, Nikiforova AA, Nikolashvili MG, Ovcharov E, Papini R, Pursimo T, Rahimov I, Reinhart D, Sakamoto T, Salvaggio F, Semkov E, Shakhovskoy DN, Sigua LA, Steineke R, Stojanovic M, Strigachev A, Troitskaya YV, Troitskiy IS, Tsai A, Valcheva A, Vasilyev AA, Vince O, Waller L, Zaharieva E, Chatterjee R. Rapid quasi-periodic oscillations in the relativistic jet of BL Lacertae. Nature 2022; 609:265-268. [PMID: 36071186 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Blazars are active galactic nuclei (AGN) with relativistic jets whose non-thermal radiation is extremely variable on various timescales1-3. This variability seems mostly random, although some quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), implying systematic processes, have been reported in blazars and other AGN. QPOs with timescales of days or hours are especially rare4 in AGN and their nature is highly debated, explained by emitting plasma moving helically inside the jet5, plasma instabilities6,7 or orbital motion in an accretion disc7,8. Here we report results of intense optical and γ-ray flux monitoring of BL Lacertae (BL Lac) during a dramatic outburst in 2020 (ref. 9). BL Lac, the prototype of a subclass of blazars10, is powered by a 1.7 × 108 MSun (ref. 11) black hole in an elliptical galaxy (distance = 313 megaparsecs (ref. 12)). Our observations show QPOs of optical flux and linear polarization, and γ-ray flux, with cycles as short as approximately 13 h during the highest state of the outburst. The QPO properties match the expectations of current-driven kink instabilities6 near a recollimation shock about 5 parsecs (pc) from the black hole in the wake of an apparent superluminal feature moving down the jet. Such a kink is apparent in a microwave Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) image.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Jorstad
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA. .,Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - A P Marscher
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C M Raiteri
- INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Villata
- INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Z R Weaver
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Zhang
- NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, Greenbelt, MD, USA.,NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - L Dong
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - J L Gómez
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - M V Perel
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S S Savchenko
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnii Arkhyz, Russia.,Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V M Larionov
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D Carosati
- EPT Observatories, Tijarafe, La Palma, Spain.,INAF, TNG Fundación Galileo Galilei, La Palma, Spain
| | - W P Chen
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - O M Kurtanidze
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, Georgia.,Engelhardt Astronomical Observatory, Kazan Federal University, Tatarstan, Russia.,Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Landessternwarte, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Marchini
- Astronomical Observatory, Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - K Matsumoto
- Astronomical Institute, Osaka Kyoiku University, Kashiwara, Japan
| | | | - P Aceti
- Osservatorio Astronomico Città di Seveso, Seveso, Italy.,Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - J A Acosta-Pulido
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Dpto. de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - T Andreeva
- Institute of Applied Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - G Apolonio
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - C Arena
- Gruppo Astrofili Catanesi (GAC), Catania, Italy
| | - A Arkharov
- Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - R Bachev
- Institute of Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M Banfi
- Osservatorio Astronomico Città di Seveso, Seveso, Italy
| | - G Bonnoli
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), Granada, Spain.,Astronomical Observatory, Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Merate, Italy
| | - G A Borman
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS, Bakhchisaray, Crimea
| | - V Bozhilov
- Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M I Carnerero
- INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - S A Ehgamberdiev
- Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.,National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - D Elsässer
- Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte, Naturwissenschaftliches Labor für Schüler am FKG, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Frasca
- INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - T S Grishina
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A C Gupta
- Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Nainital, India
| | - V A Hagen-Thorn
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M K Hallum
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Hart
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Hasuda
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - F Hemrich
- Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte, Naturwissenschaftliches Labor für Schüler am FKG, Würzburg, Germany
| | - H Y Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - S Ibryamov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Shumen, Shumen, Bulgaria
| | - T R Irsmambetova
- Sternberg Astronomical Institute, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D V Ivanov
- Institute of Applied Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M D Joner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - G N Kimeridze
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, Georgia
| | | | - J Knött
- Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte, Naturwissenschaftliches Labor für Schüler am FKG, Würzburg, Germany
| | - E N Kopatskaya
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S O Kurtanidze
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, Georgia.,Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Landessternwarte, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Kurtenkov
- Institute of Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - T Kuutma
- Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón, Teruel, Spain
| | - E G Larionova
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S Leonini
- Montarrenti Observatory, Siena, Italy
| | - H C Lin
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - C Lorey
- Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte, Naturwissenschaftliches Labor für Schüler am FKG, Würzburg, Germany
| | - K Mannheim
- Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte, Naturwissenschaftliches Labor für Schüler am FKG, Würzburg, Germany.,Lehrstuhl für Astronomie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - G Marino
- Gruppo Astrofili Catanesi (GAC), Catania, Italy.,Wild Boar Remote Observatory, Florence, Italy
| | - M Minev
- Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - D A Morozova
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A A Nikiforova
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M G Nikolashvili
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, Georgia.,Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Landessternwarte, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Ovcharov
- Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - R Papini
- Wild Boar Remote Observatory, Florence, Italy
| | - T Pursimo
- Nordic Optical Telescope, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - I Rahimov
- Institute of Applied Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D Reinhart
- Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte, Naturwissenschaftliches Labor für Schüler am FKG, Würzburg, Germany
| | - T Sakamoto
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - F Salvaggio
- Gruppo Astrofili Catanesi (GAC), Catania, Italy.,Wild Boar Remote Observatory, Florence, Italy
| | - E Semkov
- Institute of Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - L A Sigua
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, Georgia
| | - R Steineke
- Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte, Naturwissenschaftliches Labor für Schüler am FKG, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Stojanovic
- Astronomical Observatory Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Strigachev
- Institute of Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Y V Troitskaya
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I S Troitskiy
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - A Valcheva
- Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - A A Vasilyev
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - O Vince
- Astronomical Observatory Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - L Waller
- Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte, Naturwissenschaftliches Labor für Schüler am FKG, Würzburg, Germany
| | - E Zaharieva
- Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - R Chatterjee
- Department of Physics, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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9
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Yang W, Denger A, Diener C, Küppers F, Soriano-Baguet L, Schäfer G, Yanamandra AK, Zhao R, Knörck A, Schwarz EC, Hart M, Lammert F, Roma LP, Brenner D, Christidis G, Helms V, Meese E, Hoth M, Qu B. Unspecific CTL Killing Is Enhanced by High Glucose via TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand. Front Immunol 2022; 13:831680. [PMID: 35265081 PMCID: PMC8899024 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.831680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is expressed on cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and TRAIL is linked to progression of diabetes. However, the impact of high glucose on TRAIL expression and its related killing function in CTLs still remains largely elusive. Here, we report that TRAIL is substantially up-regulated in CTLs in environments with high glucose (HG) both in vitro and in vivo. Non-mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, NFκB and PI3K/Akt are essential in HG-induced TRAIL upregulation in CTLs. TRAILhigh CTLs induce apoptosis of pancreatic beta cell line 1.4E7. Treatment with metformin and vitamin D reduces HG-enhanced expression of TRAIL in CTLs and coherently protects 1.4E7 cells from TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Our work suggests that HG-induced TRAILhigh CTLs might contribute to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells in a hyperglycemia condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Yang
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Denger
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Caroline Diener
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frederic Küppers
- Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Leticia Soriano-Baguet
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Immunology and Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gertrud Schäfer
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Archana K Yanamandra
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Renping Zhao
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Arne Knörck
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Eva C Schwarz
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hart
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Lammert
- Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Saarland, Homburg, Germany.,Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Leticia Prates Roma
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Brenner
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Immunology and Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg.,Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Volkhard Helms
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hoth
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Bin Qu
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
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10
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Marriott P, Hart M. Building sustainable research and data tools and partnerships for a healthy city for all. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Vancouver is located in a temperate rain forest surrounded by mountains and water. Indigenous communities, including the Nations whose homelands the city occupies, have recognized that the abundance of this place can build healthy communities for many generations. But contemporary Vancouver is not a healthy city for all. Since 2014, Vancouver has adopted a Healthy City Strategy, a master social sustainability plan to address inequities in the social determinants of health at a population scale. This includes a number of population health targets and indicators. However, implementation has been slow, with substantive integration of health into policy not yet achieved. With support from the Partnership for Healthy Cities, we have translated the Healthy City Strategy's indicators into an online dashboard, including disaggregated local data. In addition to public accountability, this tool enables data to be a platform for aligning city policy, action and investment toward common health outcomes. In parallel, we are also piloting more community-generated approaches to health data and indicators, with a focus on co-creating health indicators with Indigenous communities. Preliminary results have shown improvement in collaboration across city departments, leading to increased focus on upstream, preventive work. The dashboard is enabling frameworks for funding and working with the social service sector toward common health goals. Engagement efforts have shown the continued importance of a holistic strategy for health that is co-created with community knowledge and priorities. These interventions must be sustained and integrated into ongoing work. The technical work of developing the dashboard contributes to city-wide efforts toward data monitoring and reporting. Data has shown to be an important tool for beginning conversations, but sharing data about health inequities experienced by communities must be matched with an ongoing commitment to engagement and co-creation.
Key messages
Population health data can be leveraged through interactive tools to better integrate and align city policies, plans and investments to address the social determinants of health. Engaging and co-creating policy with communities supports upstream, preventive action on health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Marriott
- Social Policy and Projects, City of Vancouver, Vancouver, Canada
| | - M Hart
- Social Policy and Projects, City of Vancouver, Vancouver, Canada
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11
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Hart M, Nickl L, Walch-Rueckheim B, Krammes L, Rheinheimer S, Diener C, Taenzer T, Kehl T, Sester M, Lenhof HP, Keller A, Meese E. Wrinkle in the plan: miR-34a-5p impacts chemokine signaling by modulating CXCL10/CXCL11/CXCR3-axis in CD4 +, CD8 + T cells, and M1 macrophages. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-001617. [PMID: 33229509 PMCID: PMC7684812 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2016 the first-in-human phase I study of a miRNA-based cancer therapy with a liposomal mimic of microRNA-34a-5p (miR-34a-5p) was closed due to five immune related serious adverse events (SAEs) resulting in four patient deaths. For future applications of miRNA mimics in cancer therapy it is mandatory to unravel the miRNA effects both on the tumor tissue and on immune cells. Here, we set out to analyze the impact of miR-34a-5p over-expression on the CXCL10/CXCL11/CXCR3 axis, which is central for the development of an effective cancer control. METHODS We performed a whole genome expression analysis of miR-34a-5p transfected M1 macrophages followed by an over-representation and a protein-protein network analysis. In-silico miRNA target prediction and dual luciferase assays were used for target identification and verification. Target genes involved in chemokine signaling were functionally analyzed in M1 macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. RESULTS A whole genome expression analysis of M1 macrophages with induced miR-34a-5p over-expression revealed an interaction network of downregulated target mRNAs including CXCL10 and CXCL11. In-silico target prediction in combination with dual luciferase assays identified direct binding of miR-34a-5p to the 3'UTRs of CXCL10 and CXCL11. Decreased CXCL10 and CXCL11 secretion was shown on the endogenous protein level and in the supernatant of miR-34a-5p transfected and activated M1 macrophages. To complete the analysis of the CXCL10/CXCL11/CXCR3 axis, we activated miR-34a-5p transfected CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by PMA/Ionomycin and found reduced levels of endogenous CXCR3 and CXCR3 on the cell surface. CONCLUSIONS MiR-34a-5p mimic administered by intravenous administration will likely not only be up-taken by the tumor cells but also by the immune cells. Our results indicate that miR-34a-5p over-expression leads in M1 macrophages to a reduced secretion of CXCL10 and CXCL11 chemokines and in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to a reduced expression of CXCR3. As a result, less immune cells will be attracted to the tumor site. Furthermore, high levels of miR-34a-5p in naive CD4+ T cells can in turn hinder Th1 cell polarization through the downregulation of CXCR3 leading to a less pronounced activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer, and natural killer T cells and possibly contributing to lymphocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hart
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Laura Nickl
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Walch-Rueckheim
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human & Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Lena Krammes
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Caroline Diener
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Taenzer
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human & Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Tim Kehl
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Martina Sester
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Lenhof
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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12
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Poologaindran A, Romero-Garcia R, Hart M, Young I, Santarius T, Price S, Sinha R, Profyris C, Profyris C, Erez Y, Teo C, Sughrue M, Suckling J. OS14.4.A The Neuroplastic Potential of the Human Brain before and After Glioma Surgery: Towards “Interventional Neurorehabilitation. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab180.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
The human brain is a highly neuroplastic ‘complex’ network: it self-organises without a hard blueprint, adapts to evolving circumstances, and can withstand insults. However, similar to other naturally occurring networks, brain networks can only endure a finite amount of damage before cognitive processes are affected. In this study, we first sought to establish the brain networks governing domain-general cognition (DGC) in healthy individuals across the lifespan. We then sought to map, track, and potentially rehabilitate networks governing DGC through connectomics and non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) when damaged by low-grade gliomas (LGG) and surgical oncology.
METHODS
Using MRI and cognitive data from n=629 individuals (aged 18–88, Female= 51%), we assessed the structural, functional, and topological relevance of the spatially-distributed multiple-demand (MD) system for DGC. Next, in n=17 patients undergoing glioma surgery, we longitudinally acquired connectomic and cognitive data at multiple time points: pre-surgery and post-surgery Day 1, Month 3, Month 12. In an independent cohort of n=34 patients, we sought to establish the safety profile for “interventional neurorehabilitation”: connectome-driven NIBS in the acute post-operative period to accelerate cognitive recovery.
RESULTS
In healthy individuals, the MD system across multiple scales of biological organisation was positively associated with higher-order cognition (Catell’s fluid intelligence). In our patients, pre-operative LGG infiltration into the structural MD system was negatively associated with the number of long-term cognitive deficits, suggesting a functional reorganisation. Mixed-effects modelling demonstrated the resilience of the functional MD system to infiltration and resection, while the early post-operative period was critical for effective neurorehabilitation. Graph analyses revealed increased perioperative modularity can distinguish patients with long-term cognitive improvements at one-year follow-up. Finally, NIBS within two weeks post-craniotomy had a 90% (n=31/34) recruitment rate into the trial. There were no seizures or serious complications due to NIBS in this patient population. Transient headaches and tingling were reported in a minority of patients.
CONCLUSION
For the first time, we elucidate long-term cognitive and network trajectories following LGG surgery while establishing a positive safety-profile for NIBS in the acute post-operative period. We argue that “mesoscale” brain mapping serves as a robust biomarker for intervention-related plasticity for future clinical trials. While we performed these experiments in the context of neurosurgery, connectomics and NIBS could be adopted across diverse neuro-oncological care pathways (i.e. chemotherapy/radiation).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M Hart
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - I Young
- Cingulum Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - T Santarius
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S Price
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - R Sinha
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - C Profyris
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - C Profyris
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Y Erez
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - C Teo
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - M Sughrue
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Suckling
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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13
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Theobald L, Stroeder R, Melchior P, Iordache II, Tänzer T, Port M, Glombitza B, Marx S, Schub D, Herr C, Hart M, Ludwig N, Meese E, Kim YJ, Bohle RM, Smola S, Rübe C, Solomayer EF, Walch-Rückheim B. Chemoradiotherapy-induced increase in Th17 cell frequency in cervical cancer patients is associated with therapy resistance and early relapse. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:3559-3577. [PMID: 34469022 PMCID: PMC8637579 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer therapy is still a major clinical challenge, as patients substantially differ in their response to standard treatments, including chemoradiotherapy (CRT). During cervical carcinogenesis, T-helper (Th)-17 cells accumulate in the peripheral blood and tumor tissues of cancer patients and are associated with poor prognosis. In this prospective study, we find increased Th17 frequencies in the blood of patients after chemoradiotherapy and a post-therapeutic ratio of Th17/CD4+ T cells > 8% was associated with early recurrence. Furthermore, Th17 cells promote resistance of cervical cancer cells toward CRT, which was dependent on the AKT signaling pathway. Consistently, patients with high Th17 frequencies in pretherapeutic biopsies exhibit lower response to primary CRT. This work reveals a key role of Th17 cells in CRT resistance and elevated Th17 frequencies in the blood after CRT correspond with early recurrence. Our results may help to explain individual treatment responses of cervical cancer patients and suggest evaluation of Th17 cells as a novel predictive biomarker for chemoradiotherapy responses and as a potential target for immunotherapy in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Theobald
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Russalina Stroeder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Patrick Melchior
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Ioan Iulian Iordache
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Tanja Tänzer
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Meike Port
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Birgit Glombitza
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Stefanie Marx
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - David Schub
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christian Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Martin Hart
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Nicole Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Yoo-Jin Kim
- Institute of Pathology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Rainer Maria Bohle
- Institute of Pathology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Sigrun Smola
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christian Rübe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Erich Franz Solomayer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Barbara Walch-Rückheim
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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14
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Tsiknia M, Skiada V, Ipsilantis I, Vasileiadis S, Kavroulakis N, Genitsaris S, Papadopoulou KK, Hart M, Klironomos J, Karpouzas DG, Ehaliotis C. Strong host-specific selection and over-dominance characterize arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal root colonizers of coastal sand dune plants of the Mediterranean region. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6329680. [PMID: 34320191 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sand dunes of the Mediterranean region constitute drought-stressed, low-fertility ecosystems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are regarded as key components of their biota, that contribute to plant host adaptation and fitness. However, AMF community assembly rules in the roots of the psammophilous plants of coastal sand dunes have not been investigated. We studied the root colonizing AMF communities of four characteristic native plants of eastern Mediterranean coastal foredunes, in nine locations in Greece. Host specificity (plant identity) was the major driver of AMF community assembly in the plant roots, while geographical distance between locations was not related to differences in the AMF communities. Additionally, colonizer AMF communities were characterized by overdominance of a single OTU which was remarkably host-specific among locations. Wider dissimilarity in AMF communities was observed in small and disturbed (SD) sites compared to large and undisturbed (LU) sites, a trait that may be attributed to relaxed environmental filtering and facilitated AMF dispersal/immigration in SD sites from surrounding habitats. Overall, our results indicate that the assembly of root-colonizing AMF communities in the eastern Mediterranean sand dunes is characterized by strong biotic filtering (host identity), suggesting that co-adaptation processes may be more pronounced than previously proposed, under extreme environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tsiknia
- Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Athens, Greece
| | - V Skiada
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Larissa, Greece
| | - I Ipsilantis
- Aristotle University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soil Science Laboratory, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - S Vasileiadis
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Larissa, Greece
| | - N Kavroulakis
- National Agricultural Research Foundation, Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece
| | - S Genitsaris
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Biology, Section of Ecology and Taxonomy, Athens, Greece
| | - K K Papadopoulou
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Larissa, Greece
| | - M Hart
- University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada V1V 1 V7
| | - J Klironomos
- University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada V1V 1 V7
| | - D G Karpouzas
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Larissa, Greece
| | - C Ehaliotis
- Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Athens, Greece
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15
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Sharif Z, Shephard JJ, Slater B, Bull CL, Hart M, Salzmann CG. Effect of ammonium fluoride doping on the ice III to ice IX phase transition. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:114502. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0032485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Sharif
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob J. Shephard
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Slater
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Craig L. Bull
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Hart
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph G. Salzmann
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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16
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Kern F, Krammes L, Danz K, Diener C, Kehl T, Küchler O, Fehlmann T, Kahraman M, Rheinheimer S, Aparicio-Puerta E, Wagner S, Ludwig N, Backes C, Lenhof HP, von Briesen H, Hart M, Keller A, Meese E. Validation of human microRNA target pathways enables evaluation of target prediction tools. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:127-144. [PMID: 33305319 PMCID: PMC7797041 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are regulators of gene expression. A wide-spread, yet not validated, assumption is that the targetome of miRNAs is non-randomly distributed across the transcriptome and that targets share functional pathways. We developed a computational and experimental strategy termed high-throughput miRNA interaction reporter assay (HiTmIR) to facilitate the validation of target pathways. First, targets and target pathways are predicted and prioritized by computational means to increase the specificity and positive predictive value. Second, the novel webtool miRTaH facilitates guided designs of reporter assay constructs at scale. Third, automated and standardized reporter assays are performed. We evaluated HiTmIR using miR-34a-5p, for which TNF- and TGFB-signaling, and Parkinson's Disease (PD)-related categories were identified and repeated the pipeline for miR-7-5p. HiTmIR validated 58.9% of the target genes for miR-34a-5p and 46.7% for miR-7-5p. We confirmed the targeting by measuring the endogenous protein levels of targets in a neuronal cell model. The standardized positive and negative targets are collected in the new miRATBase database, representing a resource for training, or benchmarking new target predictors. Applied to 88 target predictors with different confidence scores, TargetScan 7.2 and miRanda outperformed other tools. Our experiments demonstrate the efficiency of HiTmIR and provide evidence for an orchestrated miRNA-gene targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kern
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Lena Krammes
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Karin Danz
- Department of Bioprocessing & Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Caroline Diener
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Tim Kehl
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Oliver Küchler
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tobias Fehlmann
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mustafa Kahraman
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Ernesto Aparicio-Puerta
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. Granada, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Sylvia Wagner
- Department of Bioprocessing & Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Nicole Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany.,Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christina Backes
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Lenhof
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hagen von Briesen
- Department of Bioprocessing & Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Martin Hart
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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17
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Gerstner N, Kehl T, Lenhof K, Müller A, Mayer C, Eckhart L, Grammes NL, Diener C, Hart M, Hahn O, Walter J, Wyss-Coray T, Meese E, Keller A, Lenhof HP. GeneTrail 3: advanced high-throughput enrichment analysis. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:W515-W520. [PMID: 32379325 PMCID: PMC7319559 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We present GeneTrail 3, a major extension of our web service GeneTrail that offers rich functionality for the identification, analysis, and visualization of deregulated biological processes. Our web service provides a comprehensive collection of biological processes and signaling pathways for 12 model organisms that can be analyzed with a powerful framework for enrichment and network analysis of transcriptomic, miRNomic, proteomic, and genomic data sets. Moreover, GeneTrail offers novel workflows for the analysis of epigenetic marks, time series experiments, and single cell data. We demonstrate the capabilities of our web service in two case-studies, which highlight that GeneTrail is well equipped for uncovering complex molecular mechanisms. GeneTrail is freely accessible at: http://genetrail.bioinf.uni-sb.de.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Gerstner
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tim Kehl
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Kerstin Lenhof
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Anne Müller
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Carolin Mayer
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Lea Eckhart
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nadja Liddy Grammes
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Caroline Diener
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hart
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Hahn
- School of Medicine Office, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken D-66041, Germany
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- School of Medicine Office, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eckart Meese
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,School of Medicine Office, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Lenhof
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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18
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Diener C, Hart M, Kehl T, Rheinheimer S, Ludwig N, Krammes L, Pawusch S, Lenhof K, Tänzer T, Schub D, Sester M, Walch-Rückheim B, Keller A, Lenhof HP, Meese E. Quantitative and time-resolved miRNA pattern of early human T cell activation. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:10164-10183. [PMID: 32990751 PMCID: PMC7544210 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are central to the immune response against various pathogens and cancer cells. Complex networks of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators, including microRNAs (miRNAs), coordinate the T cell activation process. Available miRNA datasets, however, do not sufficiently dissolve the dynamic changes of miRNA controlled networks upon T cell activation. Here, we established a quantitative and time-resolved expression pattern for the entire miRNome over a period of 24 h upon human T-cell activation. Based on our time-resolved datasets, we identified central miRNAs and specified common miRNA expression profiles. We found the most prominent quantitative expression changes for miR-155-5p with a range from initially 40 molecules/cell to 1600 molecules/cell upon T-cell activation. We established a comprehensive dynamic regulatory network of both the up- and downstream regulation of miR-155. Upstream, we highlight IRF4 and its complexes with SPI1 and BATF as central for the transcriptional regulation of miR-155. Downstream of miR-155-5p, we verified 17 of its target genes by the time-resolved data recorded after T cell activation. Our data provide comprehensive insights into the range of stimulus induced miRNA abundance changes and lay the ground to identify efficient points of intervention for modifying the T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Diener
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hart
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Tim Kehl
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Nicole Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Lena Krammes
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Pawusch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Lenhof
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tanja Tänzer
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - David Schub
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Martina Sester
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Walch-Rückheim
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Lenhof
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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19
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Keddie S, Ziff O, Chou MKL, Taylor RL, Heslegrave A, Garr E, Lakdawala N, Church A, Ludwig D, Manson J, Scully M, Nastouli E, Chapman MD, Hart M, Lunn MP. Laboratory biomarkers associated with COVID-19 severity and management. Clin Immunol 2020; 221:108614. [PMID: 33153974 PMCID: PMC7581344 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous disease course of COVID-19 is unpredictable, ranging from mild self-limiting symptoms to cytokine storms, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-organ failure and death. Identification of high-risk cases will enable appropriate intervention and escalation. This study investigates the routine laboratory tests and cytokines implicated in COVID-19 for their potential application as biomarkers of disease severity, respiratory failure and need of higher-level care. From analysis of 203 samples, CRP, IL-6, IL-10 and LDH were most strongly correlated with the WHO ordinal scale of illness severity, the fraction of inspired oxygen delivery, radiological evidence of ARDS and level of respiratory support (p ≤ 0.001). IL-6 levels of ≥3.27 pg/ml provide a sensitivity of 0.87 and specificity of 0.64 for a requirement of ventilation, and a CRP of ≥37 mg/l of 0.91 and 0.66. Reliable stratification of high-risk cases has significant implications on patient triage, resource management and potentially the initiation of novel therapies in severe patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Keddie
- Neuroimmunology and CSF laboratory, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK.
| | - O Ziff
- Neuroimmunology and CSF laboratory, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - M K L Chou
- Neuroimmunology and CSF laboratory, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - R L Taylor
- Neuroimmunology and CSF laboratory, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - A Heslegrave
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - E Garr
- Neuroimmunology and CSF laboratory, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - N Lakdawala
- Neuroimmunology and CSF laboratory, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - A Church
- Neuroimmunology and CSF laboratory, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - D Ludwig
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J Manson
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - M Scully
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardiometabolic Programme-NIHR UCLH/UC BRC, London, UK
| | - E Nastouli
- Infection control department, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - M D Chapman
- Neuroimmunology and CSF laboratory, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - M Hart
- Neuroimmunology and CSF laboratory, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - M P Lunn
- Neuroimmunology and CSF laboratory, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
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20
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Krammes L, Hart M, Rheinheimer S, Diener C, Menegatti J, Grässer F, Keller A, Meese E. Induction of the Endoplasmic-Reticulum-Stress Response: MicroRNA-34a Targeting of the IRE1α-Branch. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061442. [PMID: 32531952 PMCID: PMC7348704 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the unfolded protein response (UPR). Modulating the UPR is one of the major challenges to counteract the development of neurodegenerative disorders and other diseases with affected UPR. Here, we show that miR-34a-5p directly targets the IRE1α branch of the UPR, including the genes BIP, IRE1α, and XBP1. Upon induction of ER stress in neuronal cells, miR-34a-5p overexpression impacts the resulting UPR via a significant reduction in IRE1α and XBP1s that in turn leads to decreased viability, increased cytotoxicity and caspase activity. The possibility to modify the UPR signaling pathway by a single miRNA that targets central genes of the IRE1α branch offers new perspectives for future therapeutic approaches against neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Krammes
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (M.H.); (S.R.); (C.D.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-6841-1626602; Fax: +49-(0)-6841-1626185
| | - Martin Hart
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (M.H.); (S.R.); (C.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Stefanie Rheinheimer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (M.H.); (S.R.); (C.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Caroline Diener
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (M.H.); (S.R.); (C.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Jennifer Menegatti
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (J.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Friedrich Grässer
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (J.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (M.H.); (S.R.); (C.D.); (E.M.)
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21
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Gallagher AG, Hart M, Cleary D, Hamilton C, McGlinchey K, Kiely P, Bunting BP. Proficiency based progression simulation training significantly reduces utility strikes; A prospective, randomized and blinded study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231979. [PMID: 32396535 PMCID: PMC7217447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated a simulation-based training curriculum with quantitatively defined performance benchmarks for utility workers location and excavation of utility services. BACKGROUND Damaging buried utilities is associated with considerable safety risks to workers and substantial cost to employers. METHODS In a prospective, randomized and blinded study we assessed the impact of Proficiency Based Progression (PBP) simulation training on the location and excavation of utility services work. RESULTS PBP simulation training reduced performance errors (33%, p = 0.006) in comparison a standard trained group. When implemented across all workers in the same division there was a 35-61% reduction in utility strikes (p = 0.028) and an estimated cost saving of £116,000 -£2,175,000 in the 12 months (47,000 work hours) studied. CONCLUSIONS The magnitude of the training benefit of PBP simulation training in the utilities sector appears to be the same as it is in surgery, cardiology and procedure-based medicine. APPLICATION Quality-assured utility worker simulation training significantly reduces utility damage and associated costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony G. Gallagher
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Magee Campus, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Hart
- Group Training and Development Manager, ReachActive Unit 4B Lough Sheever Corporate Park, Mullingar, Co. Westmeath, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | - Brendan P. Bunting
- School of Psychology, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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22
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Barnett JA, Haskey N, Quin CS, Bonnie R, La Berge A, Alejandra Verdugo Meza A, Hart M, Gibson DL. A216 EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF GLYPHOSATE EXPOSURE ON THE GUT BACTERIOME AND INFLAMMATION IN A MURINE MODEL OF COLITIS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz047.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Canada has the highest incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in the world, which is expected to rise unabated for the next 30 years. Coincidently, Canada is one of the most prolific users of the herbicide glyphosate (tradename Roundup®), with over 25 million kilograms purchased annually. Previous studies examining the effects of glyphosate on the gut bacteriome have used high levels of glyphosate (ranging from 2.5mg – 25mg/kg bw/day) and have yielded conflicting results. Our goal is to examine the effects of dietary levels of glyphosate on the gut microbiome and inflammation in an animal model of colitis. Two environmentally relevant doses were explored: (1) the acceptable daily intake currently set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (1.75mg/kg bw/day) and (2) North American dose, calculated by a registered dietician using literature values of glyphosate found within food products (0.1mg/kg bw/day.)
Aims
1) To determine if glyphosate exposure influences intestinal permeability 2) To determine if glyphosate exposure influences intestinal inflammation 3) To determine if glyphosate exposure influences colitis onset and severity. We hypothesized that exposure to glyphosate leads to bacterial dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability and increased severity of colitis in Mucin 2 deficient mice (Muc2-/-mice).
Methods
Upon weaning, Muc2-/- mice were exposed to glyphosate through their drinking water. Animals were monitored weekly for clinical signs of colitis, including rectal prolapse. Following 12-week glyphosate exposure, intestinal permeability was measured using the FITC-dextran permeability assay. Intestinal inflammation was measured using qPCR and markers relevant to our animal model including REGIIIγ, RELM-β and CLEC-2.
Results
Exposure to glyphosate at physiologically relevant levels does not increase intestinal permeability in Muc2-/-mice, with all groups showing equal levels of FITC-dextran present within their serum. Animals exposed to the EPA dose of glyphosate exhibited earlier onset of colitis symptoms with animals receiving higher clinical scores and displaying an increased rate of rectal prolapse. Animals exposed to the EPA dose also showed a significant increase in CLEC-2 expression. CLEC-2 is a C-type lectin-like receptor expressed by immune cells and platelets and has been implicated in tumor metastasis. Additionally, overexpression of CLEC-2 has been shown to promote pathogen adherence to mammalian cells.
Conclusions
Exposure to glyphosate at levels deemed safe by the EPA increases colitis onset and severity in Muc2-/- deficient animals. Additionally, EPA level glyphosate exposure upregulates CLEC-2 expression which may have implications for tumor development and increased enteropathogenic infections.
Funding Agencies
CCCCrowdfunding, NSERC
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Barnett
- Biology, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - N Haskey
- Biology, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - C S Quin
- Biology, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - R Bonnie
- Biology, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - A La Berge
- Biology, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | | | - M Hart
- Biology, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - D L Gibson
- Biology, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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23
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Kern F, Backes C, Hirsch P, Fehlmann T, Hart M, Meese E, Keller A. What's the target: understanding two decades of in silico microRNA-target prediction. Brief Bioinform 2019; 21:1999-2010. [PMID: 31792536 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbz111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Since the initial discovery of microRNAs as post-transcriptional, regulatory key players in the 1990s, a total number of $2656$ mature microRNAs have been publicly described for Homo sapiens. As discovery of new miRNAs is still on-going, target identification remains to be an essential and challenging step preceding functional annotation analysis. One key challenge for researchers seems to be the selection of the most appropriate tool out of the larger multiverse of published solutions for a given research study set-up. RESULTS In this review we collectively describe the field of in silico target prediction in the course of time and point out long withstanding principles as well as recent developments. By compiling a catalog of characteristics about the 98 prediction methods and identifying common and exclusive traits, we signpost a simplified mechanism to address the problem of application selection. Going further we devised interpretation strategies for common types of output as generated by frequently used computational methods. To this end, our work specifically aims to make prospective users aware of common mistakes and practical questions that arise during the application of target prediction tools. AVAILABILITY An interactive implementation of our recommendations including materials shown in the manuscript is freely available at https://www.ccb.uni-saarland.de/mtguide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kern
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany and Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, 66424, Germany
| | - Christina Backes
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany and Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, 66424, Germany
| | - Pascal Hirsch
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany and Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, 66424, Germany
| | - Tobias Fehlmann
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany and Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, 66424, Germany
| | - Martin Hart
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany and Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany and Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany and Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, 66424, Germany.,Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,School of Medicine Office, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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24
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Johnson M, Spira A, Carbone D, Drake C, Henick B, Ingham M, Caldwell K, Chan S, Hart M, Malloy A, Maloney E, Palmer C, Yang A, Zhong M, Basciano P, Bournazou E, Ferguson A, Catenacci D. First Results of Phase I/II Studies Evaluating Viral Vector-Based Heterologous Prime/Boost Immunotherapy Against Predicted HLA Class I Neoantigens Demonstrate CD8 T Cell Responses In Patients with Advanced Cancers. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz451.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Hart M, Chen J, Michaelides A, Sella A, Shaffer MSP, Salzmann CG. One-Dimensional Pnictogen Allotropes inside Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:15216-15224. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hart
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ji Chen
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, Stuttgart 70569, German
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, Stuttgart 70569, German
- Thomas Young Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Sella
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Milo S. P. Shaffer
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph G. Salzmann
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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26
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Alles J, Fehlmann T, Fischer U, Backes C, Galata V, Minet M, Hart M, Abu-Halima M, Grässer FA, Lenhof HP, Keller A, Meese E. An estimate of the total number of true human miRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:3353-3364. [PMID: 30820533 PMCID: PMC6468295 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While the number of human miRNA candidates continuously increases, only a few of them are completely characterized and experimentally validated. Toward determining the total number of true miRNAs, we employed a combined in silico high- and experimental low-throughput validation strategy. We collected 28 866 human small RNA sequencing data sets containing 363.7 billion sequencing reads and excluded falsely annotated and low quality data. Our high-throughput analysis identified 65% of 24 127 mature miRNA candidates as likely false-positives. Using northern blotting, we experimentally validated miRBase entries and novel miRNA candidates. By exogenous overexpression of 108 precursors that encode 205 mature miRNAs, we confirmed 68.5% of the miRBase entries with the confirmation rate going up to 94.4% for the high-confidence entries and 18.3% of the novel miRNA candidates. Analyzing endogenous miRNAs, we verified the expression of 8 miRNAs in 12 different human cell lines. In total, we extrapolated 2300 true human mature miRNAs, 1115 of which are currently annotated in miRBase V22. The experimentally validated miRNAs will contribute to revising targetomes hypothesized by utilizing falsely annotated miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Alles
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Fehlmann
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ulrike Fischer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Christina Backes
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Valentina Galata
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marie Minet
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany.,Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Martin Hart
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Masood Abu-Halima
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich A Grässer
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Lenhof
- Chair for Bioinformatics, Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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Bissonnette J, Neath C, Hart M. Optimal Image-Guidance Frequency for Whole Breast Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Murri M, Smith RL, McColl K, Hart M, Alvaro M, Jones AP, Németh P, Salzmann CG, Corà F, Domeneghetti MC, Nestola F, Sobolev NV, Vishnevsky SA, Logvinova AM, McMillan PF. Quantifying hexagonal stacking in diamond. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10334. [PMID: 31316094 PMCID: PMC6637244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond is a material of immense technological importance and an ancient signifier for wealth and societal status. In geology, diamond forms as part of the deep carbon cycle and typically displays a highly ordered cubic crystal structure. Impact diamonds, however, often exhibit structural disorder in the form of complex combinations of cubic and hexagonal stacking motifs. The structural characterization of such diamonds remains a challenge. Here, impact diamonds from the Popigai crater were characterized with a range of techniques. Using the MCDIFFaX approach for analysing X-ray diffraction data, hexagonality indices up to 40% were found. The effects of increasing amounts of hexagonal stacking on the Raman spectra of diamond were investigated computationally and found to be in excellent agreement with trends in the experimental spectra. Electron microscopy revealed nanoscale twinning within the cubic diamond structure. Our analyses lead us to propose a systematic protocol for assigning specific hexagonality attributes to the mineral designated as lonsdaleite among natural and synthetic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Murri
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via A. Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rachael L Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Kit McColl
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Martin Hart
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Matteo Alvaro
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via A. Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adrian P Jones
- Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, UK
| | - Péter Németh
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences-HAS, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Christoph G Salzmann
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Furio Corà
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Maria C Domeneghetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via A. Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Nestola
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, Via G. Gradenigo 6, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Nikolay V Sobolev
- V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Koptyug Ave. 3, Novosibirsk, 90630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, str. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Sergey A Vishnevsky
- V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Koptyug Ave. 3, Novosibirsk, 90630090, Russia
| | - Alla M Logvinova
- V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Koptyug Ave. 3, Novosibirsk, 90630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, str. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Paul F McMillan
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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29
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Hart M, Walch-Rückheim B, Krammes L, Kehl T, Rheinheimer S, Tänzer T, Glombitza B, Sester M, Lenhof HP, Keller A, Meese E. miR-34a as hub of T cell regulation networks. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:187. [PMID: 31311583 PMCID: PMC6636054 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micro(mi)RNAs are increasingly recognized as central regulators of immune cell function. While it has been predicted that miRNAs have multiple targets, the majority of these predictions still await experimental confirmation. Here, miR-34a, a well-known tumor suppressor, is analyzed for targeting genes involved in immune system processes of leucocytes. METHODS Using an in-silico approach, we combined miRNA target prediction with GeneTrail2, a web tool for Multi-omics enrichment analysis, to identify miR-34a target genes, which are involved in the immune system process subcategory of Gene Ontology. RESULTS Out of the 193 predicted target genes in this subcategory we experimentally tested 22 target genes and confirmed binding of miR-34a to 14 target genes including VAMP2, IKBKE, MYH9, MARCH8, KLRK1, CD11A, TRAFD1, CCR1, PYDC1, PRF1, PIK3R2, PIK3CD, AP1B1, and ADAM10 by dual luciferase assays. By transfecting Jurkat, primary CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with miR-34a, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of miR-34a leads to reduced levels of endogenous VAMP2 and CD11A, which are central to the analyzed subcategories. Functional downstream analysis of miR-34a over-expression in activated CD8+ T cells exhibits a distinct decrease of PRF1 secretion. CONCLUSIONS By simultaneous targeting of 14 mRNAs miR-34a acts as major hub of T cell regulatory networks suggesting to utilize miR-34a as target of intervention towards a modulation of the immune responsiveness of T-cells in a broad tumor context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hart
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Building 60, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Barbara Walch-Rückheim
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lena Krammes
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Building 60, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tim Kehl
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stefanie Rheinheimer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Building 60, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Tänzer
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Glombitza
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Martina Sester
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Lenhof
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Building 60, 66421, Homburg, Germany
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Abu-Halima M, Ayesh BM, Hart M, Alles J, Fischer U, Hammadeh M, Keller A, Huleihel M, Meese E. Differential expression of miR-23a/b-3p and its target genes in male patients with subfertility. Fertil Steril 2019; 112:323-335.e2. [PMID: 31056312 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the potential regulatory function of miR-23a/b-3p on spermatogenesis-specific genes. DESIGN Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) validation, Northern blot, dual luciferase assay, and Western blot confirmation. SETTING University research and clinical institutes. PATIENT(S) A total of 115 men presenting at an infertility clinic. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Significant higher abundance levels of miR-23a/b-3p and lower abundance levels of PFKFB4, HMMR, SPATA6, and TEX15 in oligoasthenozoospermic men compared with those in normozoospermic men. RESULT(S) In oligoasthenozoospermic men, the abundance levels of miR-23a/b-3p were significantly higher when compared with controls as determined by RT-qPCR. After in silico prediction of potential targets of miR-23a/b-3p, PFKFB4, HMMR, SPATA6, and TEX15 have been identified as direct targets by dual luciferase assays. Mutations in the miR-23a/b-3p binding site within the 3'UTRs resulted in abrogated responsiveness to miR-23a/b-3p. PFKFB4, HMMR, SPATA6, and TEX15 mRNA and HMMR and SPATA6 protein levels were significantly lower in oligoasthenozoospermic men compared with in normozoospermic men. Correlation analysis showed that the sperm count, motility, and morphology were negatively correlated with miR-23a/b-3p and positively correlated with PFKFB4, HMMR, SPATA6, and TEX15 abundance levels (lower ΔCt, the higher abundance levels). CONCLUSION(S) This study establishes a link between up-regulation of miR-23a/b-3p and the coincident down-regulation of four expressed genes in the sperm of men with oligoasthenozoospermia, compared with men with normozoospermia. This study provides a novel insight into some of the mechanisms leading to male subfertility, offering a possible therapeutic target for treatment, or even for male contraception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Abu-Halima
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Basim M Ayesh
- Department of Laboratory Medical Sciences, Alaqsa University, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Martin Hart
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Julia Alles
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Ulrike Fischer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Mohamad Hammadeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IVF and Andrology Laboratory, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Huleihel
- Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics and the Center of Advanced Research and Education in Reproduction, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Wach S, Brandl M, Borchardt H, Weigelt K, Lukat S, Nolte E, Al-Janabi O, Hart M, Grässer F, Giedl J, Jung R, Stöhr R, Hartmann A, Lieb V, Höbel S, Peters A, Stäubert C, Wullich B, Taubert H, Aigner A. Exploring the MIR143-UPAR Axis for the Inhibition of Human Prostate Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2019; 16:272-283. [PMID: 30933831 PMCID: PMC6444223 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
MIR143 is pathologically downregulated and may function as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. Likewise, the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (UPAR) is overexpressed in prostate carcinoma, representing a negative prognostic marker and putative therapeutic target gene. In this paper, we establish UPAR as a new direct target of MIR143. Luciferase reporter gene constructs identify one of the two in silico-predicted binding sites as functionally relevant for direct MIR143 binding to the 3′ UTR, and, concomitantly, transfection of MIR143 reduces UPAR protein levels in prostate carcinoma cells in vitro. Inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and colony formation, spheroid growth and integrity, and cell viability are extensively analyzed, and they are compared to direct small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated uPAR knockdown or combined microRNA (miRNA)-siRNA treatment. Switching to a therapeutically more relevant in vivo model, we demonstrate tumor-inhibitory effects of MIR143 replacement therapy by systemic treatment of mice bearing subcutaneous PC-3 tumor xenografts with MIR143 formulated in polymeric nanoparticles. This efficient, nanoparticle-mediated delivery of intact MIR143 mediates the marked downregulation of uPAR protein, but not mRNA levels, thus indicating translational inhibition rather than mRNA degradation. In summary, we identify UPAR as a direct target gene of MIR143, and we establish the therapeutic anti-tumor potential of nanoparticle-based MIR143 replacement in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Wach
- Department of Urology, Friedrich Alexander University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Madeleine Brandl
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hannes Borchardt
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katrin Weigelt
- Department of Urology, Friedrich Alexander University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Lukat
- Department of Urology, Friedrich Alexander University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elke Nolte
- Department of Urology, Friedrich Alexander University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Omar Al-Janabi
- Department of Urology, Friedrich Alexander University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Hart
- Institute of Virology, University of Saarland Medical School, Kirrbergerstrasse, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Friedrich Grässer
- Institute of Virology, University of Saarland Medical School, Kirrbergerstrasse, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Johannes Giedl
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Jung
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Stöhr
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Verena Lieb
- Department of Urology, Friedrich Alexander University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Höbel
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Peters
- Rudolf-Schönheimer-Institute for Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Stäubert
- Rudolf-Schönheimer-Institute for Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Wullich
- Department of Urology, Friedrich Alexander University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helge Taubert
- Department of Urology, Friedrich Alexander University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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32
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Hart M, Walch-Rückheim B, Friedmann KS, Rheinheimer S, Tänzer T, Glombitza B, Sester M, Lenhof HP, Hoth M, Schwarz EC, Keller A, Meese E. miR-34a: a new player in the regulation of T cell function by modulation of NF-κB signaling. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:46. [PMID: 30718475 PMCID: PMC6362007 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB functions as modulator of T cell receptor-mediated signaling and transcriptional regulator of miR-34a. Our in silico analysis revealed that miR-34a impacts the NF-κB signalosome with miR-34a binding sites in 14 key members of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Functional analysis identified five target genes of miR-34a including PLCG1, CD3E, PIK3CB, TAB2, and NFΚBIA. Overexpression of miR-34a in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells led to a significant decrease of NFΚBIA as the most downstream cytoplasmic NF-κB member, a reduced cell surface abundance of TCRA and CD3E, and to a reduction of T cell killing capacity. Inhibition of miR-34a caused an increase of NFΚBIA, TCRA, and CD3E. Notably, activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells entrails a gradual increase of miR-34a. Our results lend further support to a model with miR-34a as a central NF-κB regulator in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hart
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Barbara Walch-Rückheim
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Kim S Friedmann
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Tanja Tänzer
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Glombitza
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Martina Sester
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Lenhof
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Markus Hoth
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Eva C Schwarz
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
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Diener C, Hart M, Alansary D, Poth V, Walch-Rückheim B, Menegatti J, Grässer F, Fehlmann T, Rheinheimer S, Niemeyer BA, Lenhof HP, Keller A, Meese E. Modulation of intracellular calcium signaling by microRNA-34a-5p. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1008. [PMID: 30262862 PMCID: PMC6160487 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adjusting intracellular calcium signaling is an important feature in the regulation of immune cell function and survival. Here we show that miR-34a-5p, a small non-coding RNA that is deregulated in many common diseases, is a regulator of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and calcineurin signaling. Upon miR-34a-5p overexpression, we observed both a decreased depletion of ER calcium content and a decreased Ca2+ influx through Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels. Based on an in silico target prediction we identified multiple miR-34a-5p target genes within both pathways that are implicated in the balance between T-cell activation and apoptosis including ITPR2, CAMLG, STIM1, ORAI3, RCAN1, PPP3R1, and NFATC4. Functional analysis revealed a decrease in Ca2+ activated calcineurin pathway activity measured by a reduced IL-2 secretion due to miR-34a-5p overexpression. Impacting SOCE and/or downstream calcineurin/NFAT signaling by miR-34a-5p offers a possible future approach to manipulate immune cells for clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Diener
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Hart
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Dalia Alansary
- Molecular Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Poth
- Molecular Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Walch-Rückheim
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Menegatti
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Grässer
- Institute of Virology and Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Fehlmann
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Barbara A Niemeyer
- Molecular Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Lenhof
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
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Hart M, Chen J, Michaelides A, Sella A, Shaffer MSP, Salzmann CG. One‐Dimensional Arsenic Allotropes: Polymerization of Yellow Arsenic Inside Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11649-11653. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hart
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Ji Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Thomas Young CentreDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, and London Centre for NanotechnologyUniversity College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Andrea Sella
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Milo S. P. Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry and Department of MaterialsImperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Christoph G. Salzmann
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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Hart M, Chen J, Michaelides A, Sella A, Shaffer MSP, Salzmann CG. One-Dimensional Arsenic Allotropes: Polymerization of Yellow Arsenic Inside Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hart
- Department of Chemistry; University College London; 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Ji Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research; Heisenbergstrasse 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Thomas Young Centre; Department of Physics and Astronomy, and London Centre for Nanotechnology; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Andrea Sella
- Department of Chemistry; University College London; 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Milo S. P. Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Christoph G. Salzmann
- Department of Chemistry; University College London; 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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Keddie S, Crisp SJ, Blackaby J, Cox A, Coles A, Hart M, Church AJ, Vincent A, Zandi M, Lunn MP. Plasma cell depletion with bortezomib in the treatment of refractory N
-methyl-d
-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antibody encephalitis. Rational developments in neuroimmunological treatment. Eur J Neurol 2018; 25:1384-1388. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Keddie
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and Department of Molecular Neuroscience; UCL Institute of Neurology; London UK
| | - S. J. Crisp
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and Department of Molecular Neuroscience; UCL Institute of Neurology; London UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences; Addenbrooke's Hospital; Cambridge UK
| | - J. Blackaby
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences; Addenbrooke's Hospital; Cambridge UK
| | - A. Cox
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences; Addenbrooke's Hospital; Cambridge UK
| | - A. Coles
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences; Addenbrooke's Hospital; Cambridge UK
| | - M. Hart
- Department of Neuroinflammation; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; UCL Institute of Neurology; London UK
- Neuroimmunology and CSF Laboratory; Institute of Neurology; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; University College London NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - A. J. Church
- Neuroimmunology and CSF Laboratory; Institute of Neurology; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; University College London NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - A. Vincent
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences; John Radcliffe Hospital; Oxford UK
| | - M. Zandi
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and Department of Molecular Neuroscience; UCL Institute of Neurology; London UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences; Addenbrooke's Hospital; Cambridge UK
| | - M. P. Lunn
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and Department of Molecular Neuroscience; UCL Institute of Neurology; London UK
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Abstract
MiRNAs play a central role in physiological and pathological processes. Both for the biological understanding and for their clinical application, it is essential to understand the interaction of miRNAs and their targets. Target identification largely hinges on in-silico prediction, which requires a complete consideration of miRNA binding sites within the UTRs of target genes. Here, we show that 5-mer sites might also play an essential role for human miRNA-target binding. We implemented and employed an algorithm to all pairs of 2,588 human miRNAs annotated in miRBase and the 3' UTRs of 16725 genes (>43 million combinations). Our in-silico analysis showed a highly significant enrichment (p = 1.4 × 10-69) of 5-mer binding sites in 3' UTRs across all experimentally validated miRNA-target gene pairs. We next confirmed the central role of 5-mer binding sites by reporter assays and demonstrated that two non-canonical 5-mer sites of miR-34a in the 3' UTR of T-cell receptor alpha (TCRA) have a significantly stronger influence on its posttranscriptional regulation than the canonical binding sites. These observations indicate an essential role of 5-mer binding sites for the miRNA targeting in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hart
- a Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University , Homburg , Germany
| | - Fabian Kern
- b Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University , Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Christina Backes
- b Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University , Saarbrücken , Germany
| | | | - Tobias Fehlmann
- b Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University , Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- b Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University , Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- a Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University , Homburg , Germany
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Hart M, Rheinheimer S, Leidinger P, Backes C, Menegatti J, Fehlmann T, Grässer F, Keller A, Meese E. Identification of miR-34a-target interactions by a combined network based and experimental approach. Oncotarget 2018; 7:34288-99. [PMID: 27144431 PMCID: PMC5085156 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating miRNAs have been associated with numerous human diseases. The lack of understanding the functional roles of blood-born miRNAs limits, however, largely their value as disease marker. In a systems biology analysis we identified miR-34a as strongly associated with pathogenesis. Genome-wide analysis of miRNAs in blood cell fractions highlighted miR-34a as most significantly up-regulated in CD3+ cells of lung cancer patients. By our in silico analysis members of the protein kinase C family (PKC) were indicated as miR-34a target genes. Using a luciferase assay, we confirmed binding of miR-34a-5p to target sequences within the 3′UTRs of five PKC family members. To verify the biological effect, we transfected HEK 293T and Jurkat cells with miR-34a-5p causing reduced endogenous protein levels of PKC isozymes. By combining bioinformatics approaches with experimental validation, we demonstrate that one of the most relevant disease associated miRNAs has the ability to control the expression of a gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hart
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Petra Leidinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Christina Backes
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jennifer Menegatti
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Fehlmann
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Friedrich Grässer
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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Fehlmann T, Backes C, Alles J, Fischer U, Hart M, Kern F, Langseth H, Rounge T, Umu SU, Kahraman M, Laufer T, Haas J, Staehler C, Ludwig N, Hübenthal M, Meder B, Franke A, Lenhof HP, Meese E, Keller A. A high-resolution map of the human small non-coding transcriptome. Bioinformatics 2017; 34:1621-1628. [DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Fehlmann
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christina Backes
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Julia Alles
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Fischer
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hart
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Kern
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hilde Langseth
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Rounge
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sinan Ugur Umu
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mustafa Kahraman
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Hummingbird Diagnostics GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jan Haas
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cord Staehler
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nicole Ludwig
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hübenthal
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Benjamin Meder
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Lenhof
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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McFadden A, Hart M, Bueno IM, Ha HJ, Heath A, Pulford DJ. Monitoring Theileria orientalis (Ikeda)-associated bovine anaemia in affected cattle over time. Vet Parasitol 2017; 245:29-33. [PMID: 28969833 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to observe changes in haematocrit (HCT) over time in a New Zealand South Island dairy herd affected by an outbreak of Theileria-associated bovine anaemia (TABA; Ikeda). A secondary aim was to relate individual cow HCTs to the amount of Theileria orientalis Ikeda DNA present in the blood, as measured by cycle threshold values, using a quantitative PCR (qPCR). Over a 6 month period, blood samples from 19 randomly selected cattle were monitored from a herd of 600 dairy cows. The sampling interval was approximately fortnightly for the first six weeks, followed by sampling at between four and six week intervals. At the initial report of the outbreak, two from six cattle were anaemic (HCT<0.25L/L). Blood collected from 14 cattle 11 days later showed that 57% (95% CI 33-77%) of the cattle sampled were anaemic. Of the 19 cattle that went on to be monitored, 12 (63% 95% CI=41-81%) developed anaemia at some point during the period of monitoring. One of the anaemic animals did not meet the case definition for TABA Ikeda. For individual cattle, the average number of days between when cattle were first detected as anaemic and when HCT returned to normal was 53days (median=47 days, range=6-92 days). At the point of notification the amount of T. orientalis Ikeda DNA in the blood of the six cattle tested was low (Cq median=36), but 11days later the amount of DNA in blood of 14 additional cows tested was relatively high (Cq median=24). Levels of all 19 cows monitored continued to remain moderately high through the period of testing (Cq median=29). This was despite a general improvement in the HCT of affected cattle. In four of the 15 cattle positive to T. orientalis Ikeda where blood fractions (plasma and whole blood) were tested, it appeared that T. orientalis Ikeda (as measured by qPCR) dropped more rapidly in plasma fractions than in whole blood at the point that HCT started to return to normal levels. Despite the assumption that tick populations were low in the Canterbury region of the South Island the impact of TABA (proportion of herd affected and the average period that animals remained anaemic) on the case herd was still relatively high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amj McFadden
- Ministry for Primary Industries, PO Box 40742, Upper Hutt 5018, New Zealand.
| | - M Hart
- Vetlife, 4 Hororata-Dunsandel Road, Dunsandel 7657, New Zealand
| | - I M Bueno
- Ministry for Primary Industries, PO Box 40742, Upper Hutt 5018, New Zealand
| | - H J Ha
- Ministry for Primary Industries, PO Box 40742, Upper Hutt 5018, New Zealand
| | - Acg Heath
- Parasitology, AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - D J Pulford
- Ministry for Primary Industries, PO Box 40742, Upper Hutt 5018, New Zealand
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Hart M, White ER, Chen J, McGilvery CM, Pickard CJ, Michaelides A, Sella A, Shaffer MSP, Salzmann CG. Encapsulation and Polymerization of White Phosphorus Inside Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hart
- Department of Chemistry; University College London; 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Edward R. White
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Imperial College Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Ji Chen
- Thomas Young Centre; Department of Physics and Astronomy, and London Centre for Nanotechnology; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Catriona M. McGilvery
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London; Prince Consort Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Chris J. Pickard
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy; University of Cambridge; 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Thomas Young Centre; Department of Physics and Astronomy, and London Centre for Nanotechnology; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Andrea Sella
- Department of Chemistry; University College London; 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Milo S. P. Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Imperial College Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Christoph G. Salzmann
- Department of Chemistry; University College London; 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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Hart M, White ER, Chen J, McGilvery CM, Pickard CJ, Michaelides A, Sella A, Shaffer MSP, Salzmann CG. Encapsulation and Polymerization of White Phosphorus Inside Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8144-8148. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hart
- Department of Chemistry; University College London; 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Edward R. White
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Imperial College Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Ji Chen
- Thomas Young Centre; Department of Physics and Astronomy, and London Centre for Nanotechnology; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Catriona M. McGilvery
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London; Prince Consort Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Chris J. Pickard
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy; University of Cambridge; 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Thomas Young Centre; Department of Physics and Astronomy, and London Centre for Nanotechnology; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Andrea Sella
- Department of Chemistry; University College London; 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Milo S. P. Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Imperial College Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Christoph G. Salzmann
- Department of Chemistry; University College London; 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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Fehlmann T, Reinheimer S, Geng C, Su X, Drmanac S, Alexeev A, Zhang C, Backes C, Ludwig N, Hart M, An D, Zhu Z, Xu C, Chen A, Ni M, Liu J, Li Y, Poulter M, Li Y, Stähler C, Drmanac R, Xu X, Meese E, Keller A. cPAS-based sequencing on the BGISEQ-500 to explore small non-coding RNAs. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:123. [PMID: 27895807 PMCID: PMC5117531 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We present the first sequencing data using the combinatorial probe-anchor synthesis (cPAS)-based BGISEQ-500 sequencer. Applying cPAS, we investigated the repertoire of human small non-coding RNAs and compared it to other techniques. Results Starting with repeated measurements of different specimens including solid tissues (brain and heart) and blood, we generated a median of 30.1 million reads per sample. 24.1 million mapped to the human genome and 23.3 million to the miRBase. Among six technical replicates of brain samples, we observed a median correlation of 0.98. Comparing BGISEQ-500 to HiSeq, we calculated a correlation of 0.75. The comparability to microarrays was similar for both BGISEQ-500 and HiSeq with the first one showing a correlation of 0.58 and the latter one correlation of 0.6. As for a potential bias in the detected expression distribution in blood cells, 98.6% of HiSeq reads versus 93.1% of BGISEQ-500 reads match to the 10 miRNAs with highest read count. After using miRDeep2 and employing stringent selection criteria for predicting new miRNAs, we detected 74 high-likely candidates in the cPAS sequencing reads prevalent in solid tissues and 36 candidates prevalent in blood. Conclusions While there is apparently no ideal platform for all challenges of miRNome analyses, cPAS shows high technical reproducibility and supplements the hitherto available platforms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-016-0287-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Fehlmann
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66125 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Snezana Drmanac
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China ; Complete Genomics (a BGI company), Mountain View, CA USA
| | - Andrei Alexeev
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China ; Complete Genomics (a BGI company), Mountain View, CA USA
| | | | - Christina Backes
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66125 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nicole Ludwig
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Martin Hart
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Dan An
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Chongjun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China ; Complete Genomics (a BGI company), Mountain View, CA USA
| | - Ao Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming Ni
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Cord Stähler
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66125 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Radoje Drmanac
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China ; Complete Genomics (a BGI company), Mountain View, CA USA
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Eckart Meese
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66125 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Willett NJ, Thote T, Hart M, Moran S, Guldberg RE, Kamath RV. Quantitative pre-clinical screening of therapeutics for joint diseases using contrast enhanced micro-computed tomography. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1604-12. [PMID: 27155345 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of effective therapies for cartilage protection has been limited by a lack of efficient quantitative cartilage imaging modalities in pre-clinical in vivo models. Our objectives were two-fold: first, to validate a new contrast-enhanced 3D imaging analysis technique, equilibrium partitioning of an ionic contrast agent-micro computed tomography (EPIC-μCT), in a rat medial meniscal transection (MMT) osteoarthritis (OA) model; and second, to quantitatively assess the sensitivity of EPIC-μCT to detect the effects of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPi) therapy on cartilage degeneration. METHODS Rats underwent MMT surgery and tissues were harvested at 1, 2, and 3 weeks post-surgery or rats received an MMPi or vehicle treatment and tissues harvested 3 weeks post-surgery. Parameters of disease progression were evaluated using histopathology and EPIC-μCT. Correlations and power analyses were performed to compare the techniques. RESULTS EPIC-μCT was shown to provide simultaneous 3D quantification of multiple parameters, including cartilage degeneration and osteophyte formation. In MMT animals treated with MMPi, OA progression was attenuated, as measured by 3D parameters such as lesion volume and osteophyte size. A post-hoc power analysis showed that 3D parameters for EPIC-μCT were more sensitive than 2D parameters requiring fewer animals to detect a therapeutic effect of MMPi. 2D parameters were comparable between EPIC-μCT and histopathology. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that EPIC-μCT has high sensitivity to provide 3D structural and compositional measurements of cartilage and bone in the joint. EPIC-μCT can be used in combination with histology to provide a comprehensive analysis to screen new potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Willett
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
| | - T Thote
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
| | - M Hart
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - S Moran
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
| | - R E Guldberg
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
| | - R V Kamath
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Hart M, Sampson M, Hextall M, Goulter P, Blake J, Troughton R, Smyth D. Significant Improvements in Six Minute Walk Test, Quality of Life, and ECHO Parameters Are Evident at 6 Weeks and Sustained at 6 Months After TAVI. Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Kneepkens EL, van den Oever I, Plasencia CH, Pascual-Salcedo D, de Vries A, Hart M, Nurmohamed MT, Balsa A, Rispens T, Wolbink G. Serum tocilizumab trough concentration can be used to monitor systemic IL-6 receptor blockade in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective observational cohort study. Scand J Rheumatol 2016; 46:87-94. [PMID: 27440258 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2016.1183039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and dynamics of tocilizumab (TCZ) in daily practice. METHOD An observational study of 66 consecutive RA patients treated with TCZ 8 mg/kg once every 4 weeks intravenously, monitored for 24 weeks. Spearman's rank test was used to investigate the correlation between TCZ concentration and C-reactive protein (CRP). Clinical improvement was assessed at week 24 using the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) compared to baseline, and its relationship with TCZ concentration was investigated using linear regression analyses. TCZ trough concentrations and anti-drug antibodies were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and antigen binding test, respectively. RESULTS At baseline, 26 patients (39.4%) had a CRP level above 10 mg/L with a median (interquartile range, IQR) of 37.7 (21.9-49.7) mg/L. A TCZ concentration above 1 mg/L was sufficient to normalize CRP levels. Spearman's rank test showed a correlation coefficient of -0.460 (p < 0.0001). The TCZ concentration varied widely, with concentrations < 1 mg/L in 17-31% of patients, depending on the time point of measurement. Anti-TCZ antibodies were detected in one sample. Linear regression analyses showed a coefficient of 0.080 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.039-0.113 (p < 0.001) for the association between TCZ concentration and ΔDAS28. No confounders were identified. CONCLUSIONS The TCZ standard regimen results in a wide variety of serum TCZ trough concentrations; this is mostly due to target binding and to a lesser extent to immunogenicity. The majority of patients obtained TCZ concentrations > 1 mg/L, which is sufficient for CRP normalization. Therefore, dose taper strategies might be possible in a substantial proportion of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Kneepkens
- a Department of Rheumatology , Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Centre, location Reade , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Iam van den Oever
- a Department of Rheumatology , Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Centre, location Reade , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - C H Plasencia
- b Department of Rheumatology , La Paz hospital Madrid , Spain
| | | | - A de Vries
- d Sanquin Diagnostic Services Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - M Hart
- e Department of Immunopathology , Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - M T Nurmohamed
- a Department of Rheumatology , Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Centre, location Reade , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,f Department of Rheumatology , Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Centre, VU Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - A Balsa
- b Department of Rheumatology , La Paz hospital Madrid , Spain
| | - T Rispens
- e Department of Immunopathology , Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - G Wolbink
- a Department of Rheumatology , Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Centre, location Reade , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,e Department of Immunopathology , Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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47
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48
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Alles J, Menegatti J, Motsch N, Hart M, Eichner N, Reinhardt R, Meister G, Grässer FA. miRNA expression profiling of Epstein-Barr virus-associated NKTL cell lines by Illumina deep sequencing. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:251-63. [PMID: 27239439 PMCID: PMC4821355 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to establish the microRNA profile of SNK6 and SNT16, two Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected cell lines derived from nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTL). The oncogenic EBV is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of nasal and extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma and expresses 44 mature microRNAs and two noncoding EBV-encoded RNAs (EBERs). miRNAs are 19-25nt noncoding RNAs that affect host and viral gene expression post-transcriptionally. Deregulated miRNA patterns are frequently linked to a variety of human cancers including lymphomas. miRNA profiling of the two NK/T cell lines vs. primary cells revealed 10 and 4 up-regulated and 10 and 12 down-regulated miRNAs in SNK6 and SNT16 cells respectively. The results were validated by qRT-PCR for selected miRNAs. Target gene analyses confirmed cullin 5 (CUL5) and sphingosin-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) as targets for the down-regulated hsa-miR-148a and viral ebv-miR-BART16 respectively. As recently demonstrated for the regulation of IL1-alpha by miR-142-3p, coexpression of the EBERs selectively exerted corepression of S1PR1 by BART16 but not of CUL5 by miR-148a, indicating selective corepression by the EBERs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Alles
- Institute of Virology Saarland University Medical School Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Jennifer Menegatti
- Institute of Virology Saarland University Medical School Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Natalie Motsch
- Institute of Virology Saarland University Medical School Homburg/Saar Germany; Present address: Boehringer Ingelheim Birkendorfer Strasse 65D-88397 Biberach Germany
| | - Martin Hart
- Institute of Virology Saarland University Medical School Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Norbert Eichner
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR) Laboratory for RNA Biology University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | | | - Gunter Meister
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR) Laboratory for RNA Biology University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Friedrich A Grässer
- Institute of Virology Saarland University Medical School Homburg/Saar Germany
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49
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Schwarz EC, Backes C, Knörck A, Ludwig N, Leidinger P, Hoxha C, Schwär G, Grossmann T, Müller SC, Hart M, Haas J, Galata V, Müller I, Fehlmann T, Eichler H, Franke A, Meder B, Meese E, Hoth M, Keller A. Deep characterization of blood cell miRNomes by NGS. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3169-81. [PMID: 26874686 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A systematic understanding of different factors influencing cell type specific microRNA profiles is essential for state-of-the art biomarker research. We carried out a comprehensive analysis of the biological variability and changes in cell type pattern over time for different cell types and different isolation approaches in technical replicates. All combinations of the parameters mentioned above have been measured, resulting in 108 miRNA profiles that were evaluated by next-generation-sequencing. The largest miRNA variability was due to inter-individual differences (34 %), followed by the cell types (23.4 %) and the isolation technique (17.2 %). The change over time in cell miRNA composition was moderate (<3 %) being close to the technical variations (<1 %). Largest variability (including technical and biological variance) was observed for CD8 cells while CD3 and CD4 cells showed significantly lower variations. ANOVA highlighted that 51.5 % of all miRNAs were significantly influenced by the purification technique. While CD4 cells were least affected, especially miRNA profiles of CD8 cells were fluctuating depending on the cell purification approach. To provide researchers access to the profiles and to allow further analyses of the tested conditions we implemented a dynamic web resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Schwarz
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Christina Backes
- Saarland University, Building E2.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Arne Knörck
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Ludwig
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Petra Leidinger
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Cora Hoxha
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gertrud Schwär
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Sabine C Müller
- Saarland University, Building E2.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Martin Hart
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jan Haas
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Isabelle Müller
- Clinical Hemostaseology and Transfusion Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Fehlmann
- Saarland University, Building E2.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hermann Eichler
- Clinical Hemostaseology and Transfusion Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Benjamin Meder
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hoth
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Saarland University, Building E2.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Backes C, Sedaghat-Hamedani F, Frese K, Hart M, Ludwig N, Meder B, Meese E, Keller A. Bias in High-Throughput Analysis of miRNAs and Implications for Biomarker Studies. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2088-95. [PMID: 26760198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A certain degree of bias in high-throughput molecular technologies including microarrays and next-generation sequencing (NGS) is known. To quantify the actual impact of the biomarker discovery platform on miRNA profiles, we first performed a meta-analysis: raw data of 1 539 microarrays and 705 NGS blood-borne miRNomes were statistically evaluated, suggesting a substantial influence of the technology on biomarker profiles. We observed highly significant dependency of the miRNA nucleotide composition on the expression level. Higher expression in NGS was discovered for uracil-rich miRNAs (p = 7 × 10(-37)), while high expression in microarrays was found predominantly for guanine-rich miRNAs (p = 3 × 10(-33)). To verify the findings, 10 identical replicates of one individual were measured using NGS and microarrays (2 525 miRNAs from miRBase version 21). Overall, we calculated a correlation coefficient of 0.414 for both technologies. Detailed analysis however revealed that the correlation was observed only for miRNAs in the early miRBase versions (<8). The majority of miRNAs (2 013 from miRBase version 8 onward) was not correlated between microarray and NGS. Specifically, we observed 67 miRNAs with a median read count above 10 in NGS, while they were not detected in any of the 10 replicated array experiments. In contrast, 234 miRNAs were discovered in all 10 replicated array measurements but were not found in any of the NGS experiments of the same individual. While the first group had average guanine content of 22%, the latter group consisted of 41% of this nucleotide. Selected concordant and discordant miRNAs were tested in quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) experiments again of the same individual, providing further evidence for the substantial bias depending on the base composition. As a consequence, biomarkers that have been discovered by specific high-throughout technologies have to be carefully considered. Especially for validation of the platform, the selection of reasonable candidates is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Backes
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Farbod Sedaghat-Hamedani
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology , D-69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karen Frese
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology , D-69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hart
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University , 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Ludwig
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University , 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Meder
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology , D-69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University , 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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