1
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Rutkauskaite R, Zhang X, Woodward AW, Liu Y, Herrera G, Purkis J, Woodall SD, Sarsfield M, Schreckenbach G, Natrajan LS, Arnold PL. The effect of ancillary ligands on hydrocarbon C-H bond functionalization by uranyl photocatalysts. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6965-6978. [PMID: 38725516 PMCID: PMC11077554 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01310g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aqueous uranyl dication has long been known to facilitate the UV light-induced decomposition of aqueous VOCs (volatile organic compounds), via the long-lived highly efficient, uranyl excited state. The lower-energy visible light excited uranyl ion is also able to cleave unactivated hydrocarbon C-H bonds, yet the development of this reactivity into controlled and catalytic C-H bond functionalization is still in its infancy, with almost all studies still focused on uranyl nitrate as the precatalyst. Here, hydrocarbon-soluble uranyl nitrate and chloride complexes supported by substituted phenanthroline (Ph2phen) ligands are compared to each other, and to the parent salts, as photocatalysts for the functionalization of cyclooctane by H atom abstraction. Analysis of the absorption and emission spectra, and emission lifetimes of Ph2phen-coordinated uranyl complexes demonstrate the utility of the ligand in light absorption in the photocatalysis, which is related to the energy and kinetic decay profile of the uranyl photoexcited state. Density functional theory computational analysis of the C-H activation steps in the reaction show how a set of dispersion forces between the hydrocarbon substrate and the Ph2phen ligand provide control over the H atom abstraction, and provide predictions of selectivity of H atom abstraction by the uranyl oxo of the ring C-H over the ethyl C-H in an ethylcyclohexane substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryte Rutkauskaite
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory California 94720 USA
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Adam W Woodward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Yanlin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Gabriel Herrera
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Jamie Purkis
- Atkins (part of SNC-Lavalin Group) The Hub 500 Park Avenue, Aztec West Bristol BS32 4RZ UK
| | - Sean D Woodall
- UK National Nuclear Laboratory Central Laboratory, Sellafield, Seascale Cumbria CA20 1PG UK
| | - Mark Sarsfield
- UK National Nuclear Laboratory Central Laboratory, Sellafield, Seascale Cumbria CA20 1PG UK
| | - Georg Schreckenbach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Louise S Natrajan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Polly L Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory California 94720 USA
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2
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Tsushima S, Kretzschmar J, Doi H, Okuwaki K, Kaneko M, Mochizuki Y, Takao K. Towards tailoring hydrophobic interaction with uranyl(VI) oxygen for C-H activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4769-4772. [PMID: 38563824 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01030b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) has a uranyl(VI) binding hotspot where uranium is tightly bound by three carboxylates. Uranyl oxygen is "soaked" into the hydrophobic core of BSA. Isopropyl hydrogen of Val is trapped near UO22+ and upon photoexcitation, C-H bond cleavage is initiated. A unique hydrophobic contact with "yl"-oxygen, as observed here, can be used to induce C-H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Tsushima
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, 01328, Germany.
- International Research Frontiers Initiative (IRFI), Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Jérôme Kretzschmar
- Institute of Resource Ecology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, 01328, Germany.
| | - Hideo Doi
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Okuwaki
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan
| | - Masashi Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuji Mochizuki
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Koichiro Takao
- Laboratory for Zero-Carbon Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
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3
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Wang C, Liu X, Wang Q, Fang WH, Chen X. Unveiling Mechanistic Insights and Photocatalytic Advancements in Intramolecular Photo-(3 + 2)-Cycloaddition: A Comparative Assessment of Two Paradigmatic Single-Electron-Transfer Models. JACS AU 2024; 4:419-431. [PMID: 38425917 PMCID: PMC10900211 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1-aminonorbornane (1-aminoNB), a potential aniline bioisostere, through photochemistry or photoredox catalysis signifies a remarkable breakthrough with implications in organic chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, and sustainable chemistry. However, an understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in these reactions remains limited and ambiguous. Herein, we employ high-precision CASPT2//CASSCF calculations to elucidate the intricate mechanisms regulating the intramolecular photo-(3 + 2)-cycloaddition reactions for the synthesis of 1-aminoNB in the presence or absence of the Ir-complex-based photocatalyst. Our investigations delve into radical cascades, stereoselectivity, particularly single-electron-transfer (SET) events, etc. Furthermore, we innovatively introduce and compare two SET models integrating Marcus electron-transfer theory and transition-state theory. These models combined with kinetic data contribute to recognizing the critical control factors in diverse photocatalysis, thereby guiding the design and manipulation of photoredox catalysis as well as the improvement and modification of photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Zhang SY, Tang SB, Jiang YX, Zhu RY, Wang ZX, Long B, Su J. Mechanism of the Visible-Light-Promoted C(sp 3)-H Oxidation via Uranyl Photocatalysis. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:2418-2430. [PMID: 38264973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Uranyl cation, as an emerging photocatalyst, has been successfully applied to synthetic chemistry in recent years and displayed remarkable catalytic ability under visible light. However, the molecular-level reaction mechanisms of uranyl photocatalysis are unclear. Here, we explore the mechanism of the stepwise benzylic C-H oxygenation of typical alkyl-substituted aromatics (i.e., toluene, ethylbenzene, and cumene) via uranyl photocatalysis using theoretical and experimental methods. Theoretical calculation results show that the most favorable reaction path for uranyl photocatalytic oxidation is as follows: first, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) from the benzyl position to form a carbon radical ([R•]), then oxygen addition ([R•] + O2 → [ROO•]), then radical-radical combination ([ROO•] + [R•] → [ROOR] → 2[RO•]), and eventually [RO•] reduction to produce alcohols, of which 2° alcohol would further be oxidized to ketones and 1° would be stepwise-oxygenated to acids. The results of the designed verification experiments and the capture of reactive intermediates were consistent with those of theoretical calculations and the previously reported research that the active benzylic C-H would be stepwise-oxygenated in the presence of uranyl. This work deepens our understanding of the HAT mechanism of uranyl photocatalysis and provides important theoretical support for the relevant application of uranyl photocatalysts in organic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yun Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Song-Bai Tang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Xin Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ru-Yu Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Bo Long
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Jing Su
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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5
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Festa AA, Storozhenko OA, Voskressensky LG, Van der Eycken EV. Visible light-mediated halogenation of organic compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2023. [PMID: 37975853 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00366c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of visible light and photoredox catalysis emerged as a powerful and sustainable tool for organic synthesis, showing high value for distinctly different ways of bond creation. Halogenated compounds are the cornerstone of contemporary organic synthesis: it is almost impossible to develop a route towards a pharmaceutical reagent, agrochemical, natural product, etc. without the involvement of halogen-containing intermediates. Moreover, the halogenated derivatives as final products became indispensable for drug discovery and materials science. The idea of this review is to understand and summarise the impact of visible light-promoted chemistry on halogenation and halofunctionalisation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Festa
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st. 6, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation.
| | - Olga A Storozhenko
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st. 6, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation.
| | - Leonid G Voskressensky
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st. 6, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation.
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st. 6, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation.
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Chen CL, Wang HY, Weng ZZ, Long LS, Zheng LS, Kong XJ. Uranyl Polyoxotungstate Cluster for Visible-Light-Driven Heterogeneous C-H Selective Fluorination. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17041-17045. [PMID: 37819767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The selective fluorination of C-H bonds at room temperature using heterogeneous visible-light catalysts is both interesting and challenging. Herein, we present the heterogeneous sandwich-type structure uranyl-polyoxotungstate cluster Na17{Na@[(SbW9O33)2(UO2)6(PO3OH)6]}·46H2O (denoted as U6P6) to regulate the selective fluorination of the C-H bond under visible light and room temperature. This is the first report in which uranyl participates in the fluorination reaction in the form of an insoluble substance. U6P6 is capable of the effective selective fluorination of cycloalkanes and the recyclability of the photocatalyst due to the synergistic effect of multiple uranyl (UO2)2+ and the insolubility of organic reagents of polyoxotungstate. In situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy captured the generation of cycloalkane radicals during the photoreaction, confirming the mechanism of direct hydrogen atom transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Long Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen,361005, China
| | - Hai-Ying Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen,361005, China
| | - Zhen-Zhang Weng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen,361005, China
| | - La-Sheng Long
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen,361005, China
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen,361005, China
| | - Xiang-Jian Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen,361005, China
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7
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Li W, Wang J, Fang W, Wu L, Chen X. Co-function Mechanisms of Chlorine and Alkoxy Radicals in Cerium-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization of Alkane Mediated by Visible Light. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6187-6192. [PMID: 37379529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Identification of radical intermediates for the catalytic functionalization of alkanes offers a number of unique challenges and has recently raised a controversial issue concerning the subtle role of chlorine versus alkoxy radicals in cerium photocatalysis. This study is an attempt to settle the controversy within the theoretical frameworks of Marcus electron transfer and transition state theory. Co-function mechanisms were proposed together with a scheme of kinetic evaluations to account for ternary dynamic competition among photolysis, back electron transfer, and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). Cl•-based HAT has been proven to initially control the early dynamics of the photocatalytic transformation on the picosecond to nanosecond time scale, which is subsequently taken over by a postnanosecond event of alkoxy radical-mediated HAT. The theoretical models developed herein provide a uniform understanding of the continuous time dynamics of photogenerated radicals to address some paradoxical arguments in lanthanide photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Laboratory of Beam Technology and Energy Materials, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Weihai Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Laboratory of Beam Technology and Energy Materials, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
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8
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Yang W, Chen Y, Mei M, Li W, Wang C, Yang Y, Liang J, Guo Z, Wu L, Chen X. Synergetic argentophilic and through space electronic interactions in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal photocycloaddition reaction: a mechanistic study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:12783-12790. [PMID: 37128988 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00838j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ag(I) is able to mediate single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation through [2+2] photocycloaddition to prepare high-conductivity materials. However, the intrinsic mechanism of Ag(I) mediation, the detailed photophysical and photochemical processes as well as the origin of the enhanced conductivity of nanocrystals are still unclear. In this work, the comprehensive kinetic scheme and regulation mechanism are established by the accurate QM/MM calculations at the CASPT2//CASSCF/AMBER level of theory with consideration of the crystal environment. We find that the argentophilic interaction and through space electronic interaction are the key factors that promote Ag(I)-mediated [2+2] PCA reactions and may account for the enhancement of conductivity. These mechanistic insights into the Ag(I)-regulated photo-dimerization in the crystal surrounding are beneficial for the design of the structurally and electrically favorable skeletons of a metal-organic coordination polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, P. R. China.
| | - Yonglin Chen
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, P. R. China.
| | - Min Mei
- College of Science, Hunan College for Preschool Education, Changde, Hunan, 415000, P. R. China
| | - Weijia Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Chu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Yanting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen Guo
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, P. R. China.
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Laboratory of Beam Technology and Energy Materials, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, P. R. China.
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China.
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9
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Abstract
The emergence of modern photocatalysis, characterized by mildness and selectivity, has significantly spurred innovative late-stage C-H functionalization approaches that make use of low energy photons as a controllable energy source. Compared to traditional late-stage functionalization strategies, photocatalysis paves the way toward complementary and/or previously unattainable regio- and chemoselectivities. Merging the compelling benefits of photocatalysis with the late-stage functionalization workflow offers a potentially unmatched arsenal to tackle drug development campaigns and beyond. This Review highlights the photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization strategies of small-molecule drugs, agrochemicals, and natural products, classified according to the targeted C-H bond and the newly formed one. Emphasis is devoted to identifying, describing, and comparing the main mechanistic scenarios. The Review draws a critical comparison between established ionic chemistry and photocatalyzed radical-based manifolds. The Review aims to establish the current state-of-the-art and illustrate the key unsolved challenges to be addressed in the future. The authors aim to introduce the general readership to the main approaches toward photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization, and specialist practitioners to the critical evaluation of the current methodologies, potential for improvement, and future uncharted directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210Shanghai, China
| | - Teresa Faber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
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10
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Yang Y, Liu L, Fang WH, Shen L, Chen X. Theoretical Exploration of Energy Transfer and Single Electron Transfer Mechanisms to Understand the Generation of Triplet Nitrene and the C(sp 3)-H Amidation with Photocatalysts. JACS AU 2022; 2:2596-2606. [PMID: 36465545 PMCID: PMC9709952 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic explorations and kinetic evaluations were performed based on electronic structure calculations at the CASPT2//CASSCF level of theory, the Fermi's golden rule combined with the Dexter model, and the Marcus theory to unveil the key factors regulating the processes of photocatalytic C(sp3)-H amidation starting from the newly emerged nitrene precursor of hydroxamates. The highly reactive nitrene was found to be generated efficiently via a triplet-triplet energy transfer process and to be benefited from the advantages of hydroxamates with long-range charge-transfer (CT) excitation from the N-centered lone pair to the 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl group. The properties of the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) state of photocatalysts, the functionalization of chemical moieties for substrates involved in the charge-transfer (CT) excitation, such as the electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl group, and the energetic levels of singlet and triplet reaction pathways may regulate the reaction yield of C(sp3)-H amidation. Kinetic evaluations show that the triplet-triplet energy transfer is the main driving force of the reaction rather than the single electron transfer process. The effects of electronic coupling, molecular rigidity, and excitation energies on the energy transfer efficiency were further discussed. Finally, we investigated the inverted behavior of single-electron transfer, which is correlated unfavorably to the catalytic efficiency and amidation reaction. All theoretical explorations allow us to better understand the generation of nitrene with visible-light photocatalysts, to expand highly efficient substrate sources, and to broaden our scope of available photosensitizers for various cross-coupling reactions and the construction of N-heterocycles.
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11
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Xu Y, Liu Q, Zhu J, Zhang H, Liu J, Chen R, Yu J, Sun G, Wang J. Self-assembled porous polydopamine microspheres modified polyacrylonitrile fiber for synergistically enhanced U(VI) extraction and seawater desalination. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Xu M, Lu H, Wang C, Qiu J, Zheng Z, Guo X, Zhang ZH, He MY, Qian J, Lin J. Enhancing photosensitivity via the assembly of a uranyl coordination polymer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9389-9392. [PMID: 35904873 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02985e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synergistic assembly of uranyl centres and luminescent 2,6-bis(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine-4-carboxylates (bppCOOH) gives rise to a uranyl coordination polymer, namely U-bppCOO, which exhibits a luminescence quenching response toward UV or X-ray irradiation doses. Notably, the photosensitivity of U-bppCOO has been significantly enhanced via metal-ligand assembly compared with that of the naked bppCOOH ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
| | - Huangjie Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Qiu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaofa Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019 Jia Luo Road, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Alexandra Navrotsky Institute for Experimental Thermodynamics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164-4630, USA
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
| | - Ming-Yang He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
| | - Junfeng Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
| | - Jian Lin
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
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13
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Du L, Wang J, Qiu Y, Liang R, Lu P, Chen X, Phillips DL, Winter AH. Generation and direct observation of a triplet arylnitrenium ion. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3458. [PMID: 35710806 PMCID: PMC9203820 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31091-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrenium ions are important reactive intermediates in both chemistry and biology. Although singlet nitrenium ions are well-characterized by direct methods, the triplet states of nitrenium ions have never been directly detected. Here, we find that the excited state of the photoprecursor partitions between heterolysis to generate the singlet nitrenium ion and intersystem crossing (ISC) followed by a spontaneous heterolysis process to generate the triplet p-iodophenylnitrenium ion (np). The triplet nitrenium ion undergoes ISC to generate the ground singlet state, which ultimately undergoes proton and electron transfer to generate a long-lived radical cation that further generates the reduced p-iodoaniline. Ab Initio calculations were performed to map out the potential energy surfaces to better understand the excited state reactivity channels show that an energetically-accessible singlet-triplet crossing lies along the N-N stretch coordinate and that the excited triplet state is unbound and spontaneously eliminates ammonia to generate the triplet nitrenium ion. These results give a clearer picture of the photophysical properties and reactivity of two different spin states of a phenylnitrenium ion and provide the first direct glimpse of a triplet nitrenium ion. Nitrenium ions are highly electrophilic reactive intermediates of formula R−N−R+, nitrogen analogue of carbenes. Here the authors report the detection of a triplet nitrenium ion using time-resolved spectroscopic methods and ab initio computations, allowing a glimpse at the properties and behavior of this important class of intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Du
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 212013, Zhenjiang, P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yunfan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 2101d Hach Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Runhui Liang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Penglin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P.R. China. .,Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 2101d Hach Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Arthur H Winter
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 2101d Hach Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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14
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Wang J, Fang WH, Qu LB, Shen L, Maseras F, Chen X. An Expanded SET Model Associated with the Functional Hindrance Dominates the Amide-Directed Distal sp 3 C-H Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19406-19416. [PMID: 34761900 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic understanding of catalytic radical reactions currently lags behind the flourishing development of new types of catalytic activation. Herein, an innovative single electron transfer (SET) model has been expanded by using the nonadiabatic crossing integrated with the rate-determining step of 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reaction to provide the control mechanism of radical decay dynamics through calculating excited-state relaxation paths of a paradigm example of the amide-directed distal sp3 C-H bond alkylation mediated by Ir-complex-based photocatalysts. The stability of carbon radical intermediates, the functional hindrance associated with the back SET, and the energy inversion between the reactive triplet and closed-shell ground states were verified to be key factors in improving catalytic efficiency via blocking radical inhibition. The expanded SET model associated with the dynamic behaviors and kinetic data could guide the design and manipulation of visible-light-driven inert bond activation by the utilization of photocatalysts bearing more or less electron-withdrawing groups and the comprehensive considerations of kinetic solvent effects and electron-withdrawing effects of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Lin Shen
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avgda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, China.,College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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15
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Zhou Y, Hu D, Li D, Jiang X. Uranyl-Photocatalyzed Hydrolysis of Diaryl Ethers at Ambient Environment for the Directional Degradation of 4-O-5 Lignin. JACS AU 2021; 1:1141-1146. [PMID: 34467354 PMCID: PMC8397364 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Uranyl-photocatalyzed hydrolysis of diaryl ethers has been established to achieve two types of phenols at room temperature under normal pressure. The single electron transfer process was disclosed by a radical quenching experiment and Stern-Volmer analysis between diphenyl ether and uranyl cation catalyst, followed by oxygen atom transfer process between radical cation of diphenyl ether and uranyl peroxide species. The 18O-labeling experiment precisely demonstrates that the oxygen source is water. Further application in template substrates of 4-O-5 linkages from lignin and 30-fold efficiency of flow operation display the potential application for phenol recovery via an ecofriendly and low-energy consumption protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry
and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Deqing Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry
and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Daoji Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry
and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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16
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Hu D, Zhou Y, Jiang X. From aniline to phenol: carbon-nitrogen bond activation via uranyl photoredox catalysis. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 9:nwab156. [PMID: 35854944 PMCID: PMC9283103 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon-nitrogen bond activation, via uranyl photoredox catalysis with water, enabled the conversion of 40 protogenetic anilines, 8 N-substituted anilines and 9 aniline-containing natural products/pharmaceuticals to the corresponding phenols in an ambient environment. A single-electron transfer process between a protonated aniline and uranyl catalyst, which was disclosed by radical quenching experiments and Stern-Volmer analysis, facilitated the following oxygen atom transfer process between the radical cation of protonated anilines and uranyl peroxide originating from water-splitting. 18O labeling and 15N tracking unambiguously depicted that the oxygen came from water and amino group left as ammonium salt. The 100-fold efficiency of the flow operation demonstrated the great potential of the conversion process for industrial synthetic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqing Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yilin Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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17
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Xu Y, Zhang H, Liu Q, Liu J, Chen R, Yu J, Zhu J, Li R, Wang J. Surface hybridization of π-conjugate structure cyclized polyacrylonitrile and radial microsphere shaped TiO 2 for reducing U(VI) to U(IV). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125812. [PMID: 34492780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is still a challenge to obtain uranium (U) adsorbents with high selectivity, excellent cycle stability and excellent performance through design and synthesis. In this paper, the TiO2/CPAN-AO catalyst was prepared by the hydrothermal method combined with high temperature cyclization dehydrogenation. TiO2/CPAN-AO has excellent photocatalytic properties, which can reduce U(VI) to U(IV) quickly and selectively. The generated Z-type heterojunction promotes the reduction ability of photogenerated electrons, and obtains great selectivity to UO22+ (Uranyl ions) through the AO group. TiO2/CPAN-AO with π-electron conjugated structure broadens the spectral range through surface hybridization and prolongs the lifetime of photo-generated charges. Under the induction of light, the uranium extraction capacity of TiO2/CPAN-AO after 5 h of irradiation is about 2.38 g/g. TiO2/CPAN-AO is a catalyst with enhanced adsorption capacity, making it possible to extract uranium from large-scale natural seawater in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Special Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China
| | - Hongsen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Special Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China.
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; HIT (Hainan) MilitaryCivilian Integration Innovation Research Institute Company Ltd., Hainan 572400, China; Harbin Engineering University Capital Management Co. Ltd, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Special Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Special Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Special Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Special Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Special Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China
| | - Rumin Li
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; HIT (Hainan) MilitaryCivilian Integration Innovation Research Institute Company Ltd., Hainan 572400, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Special Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; HIT (Hainan) MilitaryCivilian Integration Innovation Research Institute Company Ltd., Hainan 572400, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Special Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China.
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18
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Lei G, Xu M, Chang R, Funes-Ardoiz I, Ye J. Hydroalkylation of Unactivated Olefins via Visible-Light-Driven Dual Hydrogen Atom Transfer Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11251-11261. [PMID: 34269582 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Radical hydroalkylation of olefins enabled by hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalysis represents a straightforward means to access C(sp3)-rich molecules from abundant feedstock chemicals without the need for prefunctionalization. While Giese-type hydroalkylation of activated olefins initiated by HAT of hydridic carbon-hydrogen bonds is well-precedented, hydroalkylation of unactivated olefins in a similar fashion remains elusive, primarily owing to a lack of general methods to overcome the inherent polarity-mismatch in this scenario. Here, we report the use of visible-light-driven dual HAT catalysis to achieve this goal, where catalytic amounts of an amine-borane and an in situ generated thiol were utilized as the hydrogen atom abstractor and donor, respectively. The reaction is completely atom-economical and exhibits a broad scope. Experimental and computational studies support the proposed mechanism and suggest that hydrogen-bonding between the amine-borane and substrates is beneficial to improving the reaction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyue Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Meichen Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rui Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Department of Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Juntao Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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19
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Abstract
Abstract
The design of new chemical reactions that are convenient, sustainable, and innovative is a preeminent concern for modern synthetic chemistry. While the use of earth abundant element catalysts remains underdeveloped by chemists, nature has developed a cornucopia of powerful transformation using only base metals, demonstrating their viability for sustainable method development. Here we show how study of nature’s approach to disparate chemical problems, from alkene desaturation to photodetection in bacteria, can inspire and enable new approaches to difficult synthetic chemistry problems past, present, and future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian G. West
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , 6100 Main St MS 602 , Houston , TX , 77005 , USA
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20
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Abstract
AbstractThe application of uranyl salts as powerful photoredox catalysts in chemical transformations lags behind the advances achieved in thermocatalysis and structural chemistry. In fact, uranyl cations (UO2
2+) have proven to be ideal photoredox catalysts in visible-light-driven chemical reactions. The excited state of uranyl cations (*UO2
2+) that is generated by visible-light irradiation has a long-lived fluorescence lifetime up to microseconds and high oxidizing ability [E
o = +2.6 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)]. After ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT), quenching occurs with organic substrates via hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) or single-electron transfer (SET). Interestingly, the ground state and excited state of uranyl cations (UO2
2+) are chemically inert toward oxygen molecules, preventing undesired transformations from active oxygen species. This review summarizes recent advances in photoredox transformations enabled by uranyl salts.1 Introduction2 The Application of Uranyl Photoredox Catalysis in HAT Mode3 The Application of Uranyl Photoredox Catalysis in SET Mode4 Conclusion and Outlook
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
| | - Deqing Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University
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21
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Yu J, Chen S, Liu K, Yuan L, Mei L, Chai Z, Shi W. Uranyl-catalyzed hydrosilylation of para-quinone methides: access to diarylmethane derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1575-1579. [PMID: 33514996 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02455d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and convenient uranyl-catalyzed reductive hydrosilylation reaction of para-quinone methides (p-QMs) was developed by employing silane as the reductant. The hydrosilylation procedure using the UO2(NO3)2·6H2O/Et3SiH catalytic system proceeded smoothly and provided an expedient method for the construction of various diarylmethane derivatives in one step with good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipan Yu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
| | - Siyu Chen
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
| | - Kang Liu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
| | - Liyong Yuan
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Mei
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
| | - Zhifang Chai
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China. and Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy materials, Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Weiqun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
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22
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Zhao ZW, Dong YJ, Geng Y, Li RH, Guan W, Su ZM. Superiority of Iridium Photocatalyst and Role of Quinuclidine in Selective α-C(sp 3)-H Alkylation: Theoretical Insights. J Org Chem 2021; 86:484-492. [PMID: 33295780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent experimental work reported that visible-light photoredox catalysis coupled with primary sulfonamides and electron-deficient alkenes could efficiently construct C-C bonds at the α-position of primary amine derivatives under mild conditions. Here, a systematic study was conducted to explore the non-negligible excited-state single-electron-transfer (SET) processes and the catalytic cycle. Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalysis containing different site-selective functionalization, involved as a critical process during the reaction, was computationally characterized. The superiorities of iridium-based photoredox catalysts in terms of photoabsorption properties, phosphorescence rates, and electron-transfer rates for SET processes were focused on. In addition, the function of quinuclidine in the entire photocatalytic reaction was also probed. These intrinsic properties and detailed insights into the mechanism are supposed to be helpful to the understanding of the C-C bond functionalization reaction and the future application of the iridium-based photoredox catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wen Zhao
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jiao Dong
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yun Geng
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Run-Han Li
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Wei Guan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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23
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Ma L, Feng W, Shang H, Lin X, Xi Y. Tunable photochemical 6π heterocyclization reactions mediated by a boron Lewis acid. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03218f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The regulation effect of boron Lewis acid catalyst on the photoinduced 6π heterocyclization was investigated by using multi-configurational ab initio calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishuang Ma
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Wenxu Feng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Shang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Xufeng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
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24
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Yu J, Zhao C, Zhou R, Gao W, Wang S, Liu K, Chen S, Hu K, Mei L, Yuan L, Chai Z, Hu H, Shi W. Visible-Light-Enabled C-H Functionalization by a Direct Hydrogen Atom Transfer Uranyl Photocatalyst. Chemistry 2020; 26:16521-16529. [PMID: 32901978 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of the uranyl cation as a powerful photocatalyst is seriously delayed in comparison with the advances in its fundamental and structural chemistry. However, its characteristic high oxidative capability in the excited state ([UO2 ]2+ * (+2.6 V vs. SHE; SHE=standard hydrogen electrode) combined with blue-light absorption (hv=380-500 nm) and a long-lived fluorescence lifetime up to microseconds have reveals that the uranyl cation approaches an ideal photocatalyst for visible-light-driven organic transformations. Described herein is the successful use of uranyl nitrate as a photocatalyst to enable C(sp3 )-H activation and C-C bond formation through hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) under blue-light irradiation. In particular, this operationally simple strategy provides an appropriate approach to the synthesis of diverse and valuable diarylmethane motifs. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations have provided insights into the detailed mechanism of the photoinduced HAT pathway. This research suggests a general platform that could popularize promising uranyl photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipan Yu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Chongyang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P.R. China
| | - Wenchao Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Kang Liu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Kongqiu Hu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Lei Mei
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Liyong Yuan
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China.,Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P.R. China
| | - Hanshi Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Weiqun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
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25
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Kretzschmar J, Tsushima S, Drobot B, Steudtner R, Schmeide K, Stumpf T. Trimeric uranyl(vi)-citrate forms Na +, Ca 2+, and La 3+ sandwich complexes in aqueous solution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13133-13136. [PMID: 33006343 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05460g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
M. Basile, et al., Chem. Commun., 2015, 51, 5306-5309, showed that a sodium ion is sandwiched by uranyl(vi) oxygen atoms of two 3 : 3 uranyl(vi)-citrate complex molecules in single-crystals. By means of NMR spectroscopy supported by DFT calculations we provide unambiguous evidence for this complex to persist in aqueous solution above a critical concentration of 3 mM uranyl citrate. Unprecedented Ca2+ and La3+ coordination by a bis-(η3-uranyl(vi)-oxo) motif advances the understanding of uranium's aqueous chemistry. As determined from 17O NMR, Ca2+ and more distinctly La3+ cause strong O[double bond, length as m-dash]U[double bond, length as m-dash]O polarization, which opens up new ways for uranyl(vi)-oxygen activation and functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Kretzschmar
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
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26
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Capilato JN, Pitts CR, Rowshanpour R, Dudding T, Lectka T. Site-Selective Photochemical Fluorination of Ketals: Unanticipated Outcomes in Selectivity and Stability. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2855-2864. [PMID: 32031800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a method for the regioselective photochemical sp3 C-H fluorination of acetonide ketals that presents interesting problems in chemical reactivity. The question of why certain products of the reaction are stable while others are not is addressed, as is the question of why only select α-ethereal hydrogen atoms are targeted in the reaction. We demonstrate that the method can be employed to synthesize unprecedented fluorinated sugars and steroids, and it can also be applied toward the fluorination of carbamates. Though some substrates contain up to eight discrete α-ethereal C-H bonds, we observed site-selectivity in each case, prompting us to investigate potential transition states for the reaction. Finally, a remarkable regiochemical switch upon minor structural modification of a diketal is also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph N Capilato
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Cody Ross Pitts
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Rozhin Rowshanpour
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Travis Dudding
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Thomas Lectka
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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Szpera R, Moseley DFJ, Smith LB, Sterling AJ, Gouverneur V. Fluorierung von C‐H‐Bindungen: Entwicklungen und Perspektiven. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Szpera
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford University 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Daniel F. J. Moseley
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford University 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Lewis B. Smith
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford University 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Alistair J. Sterling
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford University 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford University 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
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Shen L, Tang D, Xie B, Fang WH. Quantum Trajectory Mean-Field Method for Nonadiabatic Dynamics in Photochemistry. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7337-7350. [PMID: 31373814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mixed quantum-classical dynamical approaches have been widely used to study nonadiabatic phenomena in photochemistry and photobiology, in which the time evolutions of the electronic and nuclear subsystems are treated based on quantum and classical mechanics, respectively. The key issue is how to deal with coherence and decoherence during the propagation of the two subsystems, which has been the subject of numerous investigations for a few decades. A brief description on Ehrenfest mean-field and surface-hopping (SH) methods is first provided, and then different algorithms for treatment of quantum decoherence are reviewed in the present paper. More attentions were paid to quantum trajectory mean-field (QTMF) method under the picture of quantum measurements, which is able to overcome the overcoherence problem. Furthermore, the combined QTMF and SH algorithm is proposed in the present work, which takes advantages of the QTMF and SH methods. The potential to extend the applicability of the QTMF method was briefly discussed, such as the generalization to other type of nonadiabatic transitions, the combination with multiscale computational models, and possible improvements on its accuracy and efficiency by using machine-learning techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Diandong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Binbin Xie
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies , Zhejiang Normal University , 1108 Gengwen Road , Hangzhou 311231 , Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , P. R. China
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Szpera R, Moseley DFJ, Smith LB, Sterling AJ, Gouverneur V. The Fluorination of C-H Bonds: Developments and Perspectives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14824-14848. [PMID: 30759327 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This Review summarizes advances in fluorination by C(sp2 )-H and C(sp3 )-H activation. Transition-metal-catalyzed approaches championed by palladium have allowed the installation of a fluorine substituent at C(sp2 ) and C(sp3 ) sites, exploiting the reactivity of high-oxidation-state transition-metal fluoride complexes combined with the use of directing groups (some transient) to control site and stereoselectivity. The large majority of known methods employ electrophilic fluorination reagents, but methods combining a nucleophilic fluoride source with an oxidant have appeared. External ligands have proven to be effective for C(sp3 )-H fluorination directed by weakly coordinating auxiliaries, thereby enabling control over reactivity. Methods relying on the formation of radical intermediates are complementary to transition-metal-catalyzed processes as they allow for undirected C(sp3 )-H fluorination. To date, radical C-H fluorinations mainly employ electrophilic N-F fluorination reagents but a unique MnIII -catalyzed oxidative C-H fluorination using fluoride has been developed. Overall, the field of late-stage nucleophilic C-H fluorination has progressed much more slowly, a state of play explaining why C-H 18 F-fluorination is still in its infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Szpera
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Daniel F J Moseley
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Lewis B Smith
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Alistair J Sterling
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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31
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Ma L, Fang WH, Shen L, Chen X. Regulatory Mechanism and Kinetic Assessment of Energy Transfer Catalysis Mediated by Visible Light. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lishuang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
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Capaldo L, Merli D, Fagnoni M, Ravelli D. Visible Light Uranyl Photocatalysis: Direct C–H to C–C Bond Conversion. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Capaldo
- Photogreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Merli
- Photogreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- Photogreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Ravelli
- Photogreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Arnold PL, Purkis JM, Rutkauskaite R, Kovacs D, Love JB, Austin J. Controlled Photocatalytic Hydrocarbon Oxidation by Uranyl Complexes. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Polly L. Arnold
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, Joseph Black BuildingUniversity of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FJ United Kingdom
| | - Jamie M. Purkis
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, Joseph Black BuildingUniversity of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FJ United Kingdom
| | - Ryte Rutkauskaite
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, Joseph Black BuildingUniversity of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FJ United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Kovacs
- ÅngströmslaboratorietUppsala University Lägerhyddsvägen 1 752 37 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jason B. Love
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, Joseph Black BuildingUniversity of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FJ United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Austin
- National Nuclear Laboratory 5th Floor, Chadwick House, Birchwood Park Warrington WA3 6AE United Kingdom
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