1
|
Fan J, Xu J, Ma Q, Yao S, Zhao L, Frenking G, Driess M. Silylene-Stabilized Neutral Dibora-Aromatics with a B═B Bond. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38980827 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The unprecedented silylene-supported dibenzodiboraoxepin 2 and 9,10-diboraphenanthrene complexes 6 and 8 were synthesized. The (NHSi)2B2(xanthene) [NHSi = PhC(NtBu)2(Me2N)Si:] 2 results from debromination of the bis(NHSi)-stabilized bis(dibromoboryl)xanthene 1 with potassium graphite (KC8); 2 is capable of activating white phosphorus and ammonia to form the B2P4 cage compound 3 and H2N-B-B-H diborane species 4, respectively. The thermal rearrangement of 2 affords the 9,10-dihydro-9,10-diboraphenanthrene 5 through a bis(NHSi)-assisted intramolecular reductive C-O-C deoxygenation process. Notably, the 9,10-diboraphenanthrene derivatives 6 and 8 could be generated by deoxygenation of 2 with KC8 and 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene, respectively. The aromaticity of 6 and 8 was confirmed by computational studies. Strikingly, the NHSi ligand in 8 engenders the monodeoxygenation of carbon dioxide in toluene at room temperature to form the CO-stabilized 9,10-diboraphenanthrene derivative 9 via the silaoxadiborinanone intermediate 10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fan
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Qin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Lili Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Gernot Frenking
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, Berlin 10623, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu H, Roy MMD, Kostenko A, Kelly JA, Fujimori S, Inoue S. Dialumene-Mediated Production of Phosphines through P 4 Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202404532. [PMID: 38763910 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The formation of phosphorus-rich alanes featuring butterfly-like geometries is achieved. The two-electron reduction products feature a unique P4 2- structure and can act as a source of P3-. The treatment of these phosphorus containing products with electrophiles under mild conditions results in the formation of different phosphines. This approach eliminates the need for high temperatures and/or high pressures, which are commonly required in industrial processes for the preparation of useful phosphines.The activation and further functionalization of white phosphorus (P4) by main group complexes has become an increasingly studied topic in recent times. Herein, we report the controlled formation of phosphorus-rich alanes featuring butterfly-like geometries from the selective reaction of P4 with dialumenes, ([L(IiPr)Al]2) (1: L=Tripp=2,4,6-iPr3C6H2; 2: L=tBu2MeSi; IiPr=[MeCN(iPr)]2C)). The two-electron-reduction product of P4 features a P4 2- structure and is shown to be able to act as a source of P3-. Treatments of different electrophiles (e.g., chlorotrimethylsilane (Me3SiCl), iodotrimethylsilane (Me3SiI), HCl, or acetyl chloride (CH3COCl)) with these alanes under mild conditions gave the corresponding phosphines (e.g., P(SiMe3)3, PH3, or P(COCH3)3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Xu
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthew M D Roy
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Arseni Kostenko
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - John A Kelly
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Shiori Fujimori
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aman M, Dostál L, Růžička A, Růžičková Z, Jambor R. B-substituted group 1 phosphides: synthesis and reactivity. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16870-16885. [PMID: 37916487 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02568c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
1-Boryl-8-phosphinonaphthalenes 1-BCy2-8-PCl2-C10H6 (1) and 1-BCy2-8-PPhCl-C10H6 (2) were prepared and used as starting materials for the synthesis of B-substituted phosphides. The reduction of 1 and 2 by Mg provided neutral compounds [1-BCy-8-PCy-C10H6]2 (3) and [1-BCy2-8-PPh-C10H6]2 (4). Compound 3 represents the dimer of phosphinoborane 1-BCy-8-PCy-C10H6 while complex 4 is a rare example of a discrete B ← P coordinated diphosphine. The reduction of 2 by Na or K in THF yielded B-substituted group 1 phosphides [Na(THF)3]+[1-BCy2-8-PPh-C10H6]- (5) and {[K(THF)2]+[1-BCy2-8-PPh-C10H6]-}∞ (6), which structurally resembled bulky group 1 phosphides. Complex 5 showed easy activation of elemental chalcogens E (E = O, S, Se) to give B-substituted chalcogenophosphinites {[Na(THF)2]+[1-BCy2-8-P(E)Ph-C10H6]}2 (E = O (7), S (8), Se (9)) as the products of chalcogen insertion into the P-Na bond. Importantly no oxidation to dichalcogenophosphinates was observed. Compound 5 is tolerant of the CO polar bonds in organic substrates and the reactions of 5 with 2,3-butanedione or an acyl chloride provided {[Na(THF)2]+[1-BCy2-8-P{CHC(O)C(Me)O}Ph-C10H6]-}2 (10) and [1-BCy2-8-P{C(O)tBu}Ph-C10H6] (11). Finally, B-coordinated phosphatetrylenes [1-BCy2-8-P(SnL)Ph-C10H6] (12) and [1-BCy2-8-P(PbL)Ph-C10H6] (13) (L is {2,6-(Me2NCH2)C6H3}-) were also prepared by substitution reactions of 5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Aman
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdenka Růžičková
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lu W, Hensiek N, Saha K, Dewhurst RD, Härterich M, Pranckevicius C, Hagspiel S, Dietz M, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H. Electron-Precise Dicationic Tetraboranes: Syntheses, Structures and Rearrangement to an Alkylidene Borate-Borenium Zwitterion and a 1,3-Azaborinine. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300644. [PMID: 37272320 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbene-stabilized symmetrical and unsymmetrical dicationic tetraboranes, featuring an electron-precise tetraborane chain, were synthesized and fully characterized. Reactions of these tetraboranes with reductants/bases give rise to different outcomes according to the conditions employed, including: 1) reduction and rearrangement of the tetraborane chain to give a zwitterionic alkylidene borate-borenium species; 2) cleavage of the tetraborane chain to afford a 1,3-azaborinine; and 3) reduction of the supporting ligands to provide a diamino dipotassium salt. The zwitterionic alkylidene borate-borenium species can be viewed as an analogue of the base-stabilized diborenes. NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations reveal a highly polarized B-B bond in the zwitterionic alkylidene borate-borenium, in which the formal oxidation states of the boron atoms can be considered as -1 and +2. These results suggest the considerable potential of tetraboranes as synthons for low-valent boron species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Nicola Hensiek
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Koushik Saha
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rian D Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Härterich
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Conor Pranckevicius
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Hagspiel
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Dietz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cooperative Bond Activation and Catalytic CO 2 Functionalization with a Geometrically Constrained Bis(silylene)-Stabilized Borylene. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7011-7020. [PMID: 36939300 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Metal-ligand cooperativity has emerged as an important strategy to tune the reactivity of transition-metal complexes for the catalysis and activation of small molecules. Studies of main-group compounds, however, are scarce. Here, we report the synthesis, structural characterization, and reactivity of a geometrically constrained bis(silylene)-stabilized borylene. The one-pot reaction of [(SiNSi)Li(OEt2)] (SiNSi = 4,5-bis(silylene)-2,7,9,9-tetramethyl-9H-acridin-10-ide) with 1 equiv of [BBr3(SMe2)] in toluene at room temperature followed by reduction with 2 equiv of potassium graphite (KC8) leads to borylene [(SiNSi)B] (1), isolated as blue crystals in 45% yield. X-ray crystallography shows that borylene (1) has a tricoordinate boron center with a distorted T-shaped geometry. Computational studies reveal that the HOMO of 1 represents the lone pair orbital on the boron center and is delocalized over the Si-B-Si unit, while the geometric perturbation significantly increases its energy. Borylene (1) shows single electron transfer reactivity toward tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (B(C6F5)3), forming a frustrated radical pair [(SiNSi)B]•+[B(C6F5)3]•-, which can be trapped by its reaction with PhSSPh, affording an ion pair [(SiNSi)BSPh][PhSB(C6F5)3] (3). Remarkably, the cooperation between borylene and silylene allows the facile cleavage of the N-H bond of aniline, the P-P bond in white phosphorus, and the C═O bond in ketones and carbon dioxide, thus representing a new type of main-group element-ligand cooperativity for the activation of small molecules. In addition, 1 is a strikingly effective catalyst for carbon dioxide reduction. Computational studies reveal that the cooperation between borylene and silylene plays a key role in the catalytic chemical bond activation process.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu L, Kinjo R. An Inorganic Huisgen Reaction between a 1,2‐Diboraallene and an Azide to Access a Diboratriazole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207631. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhao Zhu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu L, Kinjo R. An Inorganic Huisgen Reaction between a 1,2‐Diboraallene and an Azide to Access a Diboratriazole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhao Zhu
- Nanyang Technological University Chemistry and Biological Chemistry 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore SINGAPORE
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Nanyang Technological University Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore SINGAPORE
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schoening J, Gehlhaar A, Wölper C, Schulz S. Selective [2+1+1] Fragmentation of P
4
by heteroleptic Metallasilylenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201031. [PMID: 35638137 PMCID: PMC9400957 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Small‐molecule activation by low‐valent main‐group element compounds is of general interest. We here report the synthesis and characterization (1H, 13C, 29Si NMR, IR, sc‐XRD) of heteroleptic metallasilylenes L1(Cl)MSiL2 (M=Al 1, Ga 2, L1=HC[C(Me)NDipp]2, Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3; L2=PhC(NtBu)2). Their electronic nature was analyzed by quantum chemical computations, while their promising potential in small‐molecule activation was demonstrated in reactions with P4, which occurred with unprecedented [2+1+1] fragmentation of the P4 tetrahedron and formation of L1(Cl)MPSi(L2)PPSi(L2)PM(Cl)L1 (M=Al 3, Ga 4).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Schoening
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide) University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstrasse 5–7 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Alexander Gehlhaar
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide) University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstrasse 5–7 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide) University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstrasse 5–7 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide) University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstrasse 5–7 45117 Essen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yadav R, Sinhababu S, Yadav R, Kundu S. Base-stabilized formally zero-valent mono and diatomic molecular main-group compounds. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2170-2202. [PMID: 35040452 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03569j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Various compounds are known for transition metals in their formal zero-oxidation state, while similar compounds of main-group elements are recently realized and limited to only a few examples. Lewis-base-stabilized mono and diatomic molecular species (B2, C, C2, Si, Si2, Ge, Ge2, Sn, P2, As2, Sb2) represent groundbreaking examples of main-group compounds with formally zero-oxidation state. In recent years, the isolation of low-valent main-group compounds has attracted increasing attention of both experimental and theoretical chemists. This is not only due to their fascinating electronic structures and exceptional reactivities, but also their use as valuable precursors for the synthesis of exotic yet important chemical species. This has led to a better understanding of the intricate balance of the donor-acceptor properties of the ligand(s) used to stabilize elements in a formally zero-oxidation state. Owing to the unusual oxidation state of the central element, many compounds containing formally zero-valent elements can efficiently activate otherwise inert small molecules. This review describes the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of reported mono and diatomic formal zero-oxidation state main-group compounds. This review also emphasizes the comparative description of systems where different ligands are used to stabilize an element in its formal zero-oxidation state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India. .,Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soumen Sinhababu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
| | - Ritu Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India.
| | - Subrata Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mei Y, Yan Z, Liu LL. Facile Synthesis of the Dicyanophosphide Anion via Electrochemical Activation of White Phosphorus: An Avenue to Organophosphorus Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1517-1522. [PMID: 35041429 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) have gained tremendous interest in the past decades due to their wide applications ranging from synthetic chemistry to materials and biological sciences. We describe herein a practical and versatile approach for the transformation of white phosphorus (P4) into useful OPCs with high P atom economy via a key bridging anion [P(CN)2]-. This anion can be prepared on a gram scale directly from P4 through an electrochemical process. A variety of OPCs involving phosphinidenes, cyclophosphanes, and phospholides have been made readily accessible from P4 in a two-step manner. Our approach has a significant impact on the future preparation of OPCs in laboratory and industrial settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Mei
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zeen Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lu W, Jayaraman A, Fantuzzi F, Dewhurst RD, Härterich M, Dietz M, Hagspiel S, Krummenacher I, Hammond K, Cui J, Braunschweig H. Ein unsymmetrisches, cyclisches Diboren basierend auf einem chelatisierenden CAAC‐Liganden sowie dessen Aktivierung kleiner Moleküle und Umlagerungsreaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Arumugam Jayaraman
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- School of Physical Sciences Ingram Building University of Kent Park Wood Road Canterbury CT2 7NH United Kingdom
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Marcel Härterich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Maximilian Dietz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Stephan Hagspiel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Kai Hammond
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Jingjing Cui
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alvarez S. From polygons to polyhedra through intermediate structures. A shape measures study of six-atom inorganic rings and clusters. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17101-17119. [PMID: 34779451 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03039f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the wealth of well-established molecular structures, inorganic rings and clusters present an overwhelming variety of geometries that chemists try to describe with a limited assortment of regular polygons and polyhedra. In the case of six-atom structures we usually employ the hexagon, the pentagonal pyramid, the trigonal prism and the octahedron. More often than not, however, real world structures deviate from those ideal geometries, and we try to cope with non-ideality by adding adjectives such as distorted, twisted, puckered or flattened, additionally nuanced by adverbs such as slightly, significantly or severely. This contribution presents a systematic structural perspective of six-atom groups in molecules by means of a continuous shape measures (CShM) analysis. The shape of a group of N points is defined by all the sets of 3 N Cartesian coordinates that can be generated by rigid translation, rotation, or isotropic scale change. Among all possible arrangements of N points in space, we select as reference shapes the corresponding regular N-vertex polygons and polyhedra, together with univocally defined combinations thereof (e.g., two coplanar or perpendicular edge-sharing squares). The present CShM study allows us to classify most of the structures not only by their closeness to a particular regular shape, but also by quantifying their position along minimal distortion interconversion pathways between two regular shapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Alvarez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lu W, Jayaraman A, Fantuzzi F, Dewhurst RD, Härterich M, Dietz M, Hagspiel S, Krummenacher I, Hammond K, Cui J, Braunschweig H. An Unsymmetrical, Cyclic Diborene Based on a Chelating CAAC Ligand and its Small-Molecule Activation and Rearrangement Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113947. [PMID: 34750945 PMCID: PMC9299934 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A one‐pot synthesis of a CAAC‐stabilized, unsymmetrical, cyclic diborene was achieved via consecutive two‐electron reduction steps from an adduct of CAAC and B2Br4(SMe2)2. Theoretical studies revealed that this diborene has a considerably smaller HOMO–LUMO gap than those of reported NHC‐ and phosphine‐supported diborenes. Complexation of the diborene with [AuCl(PCy3)] afforded two diborene–AuI π complexes, while reaction with DurBH2, P4 and a terminal acetylene led to the cleavage of B−H, P−P, and C−C π bonds, respectively. Thermal rearrangement of the diborene gave an electron‐rich cyclic alkylideneborane, which readily coordinated to AgI via its B=C double bond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Arumugam Jayaraman
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent, Park Wood Road, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
| | - Rian D Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Härterich
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Dietz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Hagspiel
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kai Hammond
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jingjing Cui
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ota K, Kinjo R. A Crystalline B 4N 2 Dewar Benzene as a Building Block for Conjugated B,N-Chains. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11152-11159. [PMID: 34264664 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dewar benzene, one of the isolable valence isomers of C6H6, has been extensively studied since its first synthesis in 1962. By contrast, the chemistry of inorganic congeners of Dewar benzene, which can be formally gained by replacing the skeletal carbon atoms with heteroatoms, has been less developed despite their peculiar structural and electronic features. Among them, the extant B,N-Dewar benzenes are limited to the B3N3 system. Herein, we report the development of the first example of an isolable B4N2 Dewar benzene, 3. As predicted by DFT calculations, a judicious selection of the substituents allows synthesizing 3. Single-crystal X-ray analysis, NMR, and computational studies confirmed that 3 possesses a high-lying B(sp3)-B(sp3) σ-bond at the bridgehead position. Reactions with ethylene and phenylacetylene proceeded smoothly under mild conditions, affording the fused B4C4N2 ring systems (4 and 5). Structural characterization as well as DFT calculations revealed that compounds 4 and 5 involve a rigid and conjugated (BN)4 tetraene scaffold. Formation of 4 and 5 demonstrates that 3 may serve as a building block for the construction of conjugated B,N-chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ota
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang Y, Cai Z, Chi Y, Zeng X, Chen S, Liu Y, Tang G, Zhao Y. Diphenyl Diselenide-Catalyzed Synthesis of Triaryl Phosphites and Triaryl Phosphates from White Phosphorus. Org Lett 2021; 23:5158-5163. [PMID: 34152156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Industrially important triaryl phosphites, traditionally prepared from PCl3, have been synthesized by a diphenyl diselenide-catalyzed one-step procedure involving white phosphorus and phenols, which provides a halogen- and transition metal-free way to these compounds. Subsequent oxidation of triaryl phosphites produces triaryl phosphates and triaryl thiophosphates. Phosphorotrithioates are also prepared efficiently from aromatic thiols and aliphatic thiols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Ziman Cai
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yangyang Chi
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xiangzhe Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Shuanghui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Guo Tang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.,Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
AbstractOrganoboron compounds play prominent roles in structural, synthetic, and materials chemistry because boron atoms can feature electrophilic, ambiphilic, or nucleophilic character. This perspective briefly describes the most recent progress in organoboron chemistry, focusing on new boron molecules and their applications that have attracted great interest from main-group chemists. The research hotspots arising from these pioneering results are also discussed.1 Introduction2 Diboron Reagents3 Boryl Anions4 Borylenes5 Nucleophilic or Ambiphilic Boron-Containing N-Heterocycles6 Conclusions and Outlook
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingbing Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University
| | - Chunming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Borthakur B, Ghosh B, Phukan AK. The flourishing chemistry of carbene stabilized compounds of group 13 and 14 elements. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
18
|
Brückner T, Heß M, Stennett TE, Rempel A, Braunschweig H. Synthesis of Boron Analogues of Enamines via Hydroamination of a Boron-Boron Triple Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:736-741. [PMID: 33058434 PMCID: PMC7839459 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
An N-heterocyclic-carbene-stabilized diboryne undergoes rapid, high-yielding and catalyst-free hydroamination reactions with primary amines, yielding 1-amino-2-hydrodiborenes, which can be considered boron analogues of enamines. The electronics of the organic substituent at nitrogen influence the structure and further reactivity of the diborene product. With electron-rich anilines, a second hydroamination can occur at the diborene to generate 1,1-diamino-2,2-dihydrodiboranes. With isopropylamine, the electronic influence of the alkyl substituent upon the diborene leads to an unprecedented boron-mediated intramolecular N-dearylation reaction of an N-heterocyclic carbene unit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Brückner
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97070WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97070WürzburgGermany
| | - Merlin Heß
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97070WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97070WürzburgGermany
| | - Tom E. Stennett
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97070WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97070WürzburgGermany
| | - Anna Rempel
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97070WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97070WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97070WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97070WürzburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Brückner T, Heß M, Stennett TE, Rempel A, Braunschweig H. Herstellung von Boranaloga von Enaminen über Hydroaminierung einer Bor‐Bor‐Dreifachbindung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Brückner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97070 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97070 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Merlin Heß
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97070 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97070 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Tom E. Stennett
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97070 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97070 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Anna Rempel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97070 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97070 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97070 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97070 Würzburg Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Luo G, Du S, Wang P, Liu F, Zhang WX, Luo Y. Fragmentation Mechanism of White Phosphorus: A Theoretical Insight into Multiple Cleavage/Formation of P-P and P-C Bonds. Chemistry 2020; 26:13282-13287. [PMID: 32652596 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular-level understanding of metal-mediated white phosphorus (P4 ) activation is meaningful but challenging because of its direct relevance to the conversion of P4 into useful organophosphorus compounds as well as the complicated and unforeseeable cleavage process of P-P bonds. The related study, however, has still rarely been achieved to date. Here, a theoretical insight into the step-by-step process of three P-P bond cleavage/four P-C bond formation for [P3 +P1 ]-fragmentation of P4 mediated by lutetacyclopentadienes is reported. The unique charge-separated intermediate and the intermolecular cooperation between two lutetacyclopentadienes play a vital role in the subsequent P-P/P-C bond breaking/forming. It is found that, although the first P-C formation is involved in the assembly of the cyclo-P3 [R4 C4 P3 ]- unit, the construction of the aromatic five-membered P1 heterocycle [R4 C4 P]- is completed prior to the cyclo-P3 formation. The reaction mechanism has been carefully elucidated by analyses of the geometric structure, frontier molecular orbitals, bond index, and natural charge, which greatly broaden and enrich the general knowledge of the direct functionalization of P4 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gen Luo
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Fan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Widera
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Erik Filbeck
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hans‐Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch‐Chemisches Institut Ruprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Stennett TE, Jayaraman A, Brückner T, Schneider L, Braunschweig H. Hydrophosphination of boron-boron multiple bonds. Chem Sci 2019; 11:1335-1341. [PMID: 34123256 PMCID: PMC8148080 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05908c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Five compounds containing boron–boron multiple bonds are shown to undergo hydrophosphination reactions with diphenylphosphine in the absence of a catalyst. With diborenes, the products obtained are highly dependent on the substitution pattern at the boron atoms, with both 1,1- and 1,2-hydrophosphinations observed. With a symmetrical diboryne, 1,2-hydrophosphination yields a hydro(phosphino)diborene. The different mechanistic pathways for the hydrophosphination of diborenes are rationalised with the aid of density functional theory calculations. Compounds containing boron–boron double and triple bonds are shown to undergo uncatalysed hydrophosphination reactions with diphenylphosphine.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom E Stennett
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Arumugam Jayaraman
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Tobias Brückner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Lea Schneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rottschäfer D, Blomeyer S, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Ghadwal RS. Direct functionalization of white phosphorus with anionic dicarbenes and mesoionic carbenes: facile access to 1,2,3-triphosphol-2-ides. Chem Sci 2019; 10:11078-11085. [PMID: 32206256 PMCID: PMC7069227 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04441h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of unique C2P3-ring compounds [(ADCAr)P3] (4) are readily accessible in an almost quantitative yield by the direct functionalization of white phosphorus (P4) with appropriate anionic dicarbenes [Li(ADCAr)].
A series of unique C2P3-ring compounds [(ADCAr)P3] (ADCAr = ArC{(DippN)C}2; Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3; Ar = Ph 4a, 3-MeC6H44b, 4-MeC6H44c, and 4-Me2NC6H44d) are readily accessible in an almost quantitative yield by the direct functionalization of white phosphorus (P4) with appropriate anionic dicarbenes [Li(ADCAr)]. The formation of 1,2,3-triphosphol-2-ides (4a–4d) suggests unprecedented [3 + 1] fragmentation of P4 into P3+ and P–. The P3+ cation is trapped by the (ADCAr)– to give 4, while the putative P– anion reacts with additional P4 to yield the Li3P7 species, a useful reagent in the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds. Remarkably, the P4 fragmentation is also viable with the related mesoionic carbenes (iMICsAr) (iMICAr = ArC{(DippN)2CCH}, i stands for imidazole-based) giving rise to 4. DFT calculations reveal that both the C3N2 and C2P3-rings of 4 are 6π-electron aromatic systems. The natural bonding orbital (NBO) analyses indicate that compounds 4 are mesoionic species featuring a negatively polarized C2P3-ring. The HOMO–3 of 4 is mainly the lone-pair at the central phosphorus atom that undergoes σ-bond formation with a variety of metal-electrophiles to yield complexes [{(ADCAr)P3}M(CO)n] (M = Fe, n = 4, Ar = Ph 5a or 4-Me-C6H45b; M = Mo, n = 5, Ar = Ph 6; M = W, n = 5, Ar = 4-Me2NC6H47).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis , Inorganic and Structural Chemistry , Center for Molecular Materials , Faculty of Chemistry , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstr. 25 , Bielefeld , D-33615 , Germany . ; https://www.ghadwalgroup.de
| | - Sebastian Blomeyer
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis , Inorganic and Structural Chemistry , Center for Molecular Materials , Faculty of Chemistry , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstr. 25 , Bielefeld , D-33615 , Germany . ; https://www.ghadwalgroup.de
| | - Beate Neumann
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis , Inorganic and Structural Chemistry , Center for Molecular Materials , Faculty of Chemistry , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstr. 25 , Bielefeld , D-33615 , Germany . ; https://www.ghadwalgroup.de
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis , Inorganic and Structural Chemistry , Center for Molecular Materials , Faculty of Chemistry , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstr. 25 , Bielefeld , D-33615 , Germany . ; https://www.ghadwalgroup.de
| | - Rajendra S Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis , Inorganic and Structural Chemistry , Center for Molecular Materials , Faculty of Chemistry , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstr. 25 , Bielefeld , D-33615 , Germany . ; https://www.ghadwalgroup.de
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pranckevicius C, Herok C, Fantuzzi F, Engels B, Braunschweig H. Bindungsstärkende Rückbindung in Aminoborylen‐stabilisierten Aminoborylenen: an der Grenze zwischen Borylenen und Diborenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Conor Pranckevicius
- Institut für anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie und Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Christoph Herok
- Institut für anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie und Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institut für anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie und Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für physikalische und theoretische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Emil-Fischer Straße 42 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für physikalische und theoretische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Emil-Fischer Straße 42 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie und Katalyse mit Bor Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pranckevicius C, Herok C, Fantuzzi F, Engels B, Braunschweig H. Bond-Strengthening Backdonation in Aminoborylene-Stabilized Aminoborylenes: At the Intersection of Borylenes and Diborenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12893-12897. [PMID: 31241232 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Singly NHC-coordinated (aminoboryl)aminoborenium salts react with Na2 [Fe(CO)4 ] to yield stable coordination complexes of aminoborylene-stabilized aminoborylenes, which exhibit exceptional σ-donor properties. Upon photolytic CO extrusion from the metal center, the diboron ligand adopts a novel η3 -BBN coordination mode, where bond-strengthening backdonation from the metal center into the vacant B-B π-orbital is observed. This bonding situation can be alternatively described as a Fe-diaminodiborene complex. In a related reduction of CAAC-stabilized (aminoboryl)aminoborenium with KC8 , the reduced species can be captured with nucleophiles to form three-coordinate (diaminoboryl)borylenes, where both amino groups have migrated to the distal boron atom. Collectively, these reactions illustrate the isomeric flexibility imparted by amino groups on this reduced diboron system, thus opening multiple avenues of novel reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conor Pranckevicius
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Herok
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer Strasse 42, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer Strasse 42, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Brückner T, Stennett TE, Heß M, Braunschweig H. Single and Double Hydroboration of B-B Triple Bonds and Convergent Routes to a Cationic Tetraborane. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14898-14903. [PMID: 31454483 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A compound with a boron-boron triple bond is shown to undergo stepwise hydroboration reactions with catecholborane to yield an unsymmetrical hydro(boryl)diborene and a 2,3-dihydrotetraborane. Abstraction of H- from the latter compound produces an unusual cationic, planar tetraborane with a hydrogen atom bridging the central B2 moiety. Spectroscopic and crystallographic data and DFT calculations support a "protonated diborene" structure for this compound, which can also be accessed via direct protonation of the corresponding diborene.
Collapse
|
27
|
Brückner T, Dewhurst RD, Dellermann T, Müller M, Braunschweig H. Mild synthesis of diboryldiborenes by diboration of B-B triple bonds. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7375-7378. [PMID: 31489159 PMCID: PMC6713863 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02544h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A set of diboryldiborenes are prepared by the mild, catalyst-free, room-temperature diboration of the B–B triple bonds of doubly base-stabilized diborynes.
A set of diboryldiborenes are prepared by the mild, catalyst-free, room-temperature diboration of the B–B triple bonds of doubly base-stabilized diborynes. Two of the product diboryldiborenes are found to be air- and water-stable in the solid state, an effect that is attributed to their high crystallinity and extreme insolubility in a wide range of solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Brückner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Rian D Dewhurst
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Theresa Dellermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Marcel Müller
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . .,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron , Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The study of main-group molecules that behave and react similarly to transition-metal (TM) complexes has attracted significant interest in recent decades. Most notably, the attractive idea of replacing the all-too-often rare and costly metals from catalysis has motivated efforts to develop main-group-element-mediated reactions. Main-group elements, however, lack the electronic flexibility of TM complexes that arises from combinations of empty and filled d orbitals and that seem ideally suited to bind and activate many substrates. In this review, we look at boron, an element that despite its nonmetal nature, low atomic weight, and relative redox staticity has achieved great milestones in terms of TM-like reactivity. We show how in interelement cooperative systems, diboron molecules, and hypovalent complexes the fifth element can acquire a truly metallomimetic character. As we discuss, this character is powerfully demonstrated by the reactivity of boron-based molecules with H2, CO, alkynes, alkenes and even with N2.
Collapse
|