1
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Hudson EP. The Calvin Benson cycle in bacteria: New insights from systems biology. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:71-83. [PMID: 37002131 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The Calvin Benson cycle in phototrophic and chemolithoautotrophic bacteria has ecological and biotechnological importance, which has motivated study of its regulation. I review recent advances in our understanding of how the Calvin Benson cycle is regulated in bacteria and the technologies used to elucidate regulation and modify it, and highlight differences between and photoautotrophic and chemolithoautotrophic models. Systems biology studies have shown that in oxygenic phototrophic bacteria, Calvin Benson cycle enzymes are extensively regulated at post-transcriptional and post-translational levels, with multiple enzyme activities connected to cellular redox status through thioredoxin. In chemolithoautotrophic bacteria, regulation is primarily at the transcriptional level, with effector metabolites transducing cell status, though new methods should now allow facile, proteome-wide exploration of biochemical regulation in these models. A biotechnological objective is to enhance CO2 fixation in the cycle and partition that carbon to a product of interest. Flux control of CO2 fixation is distributed over multiple enzymes, and attempts to modulate gene Calvin cycle gene expression show a robust homeostatic regulation of growth rate, though the synthesis rates of products can be significantly increased. Therefore, de-regulation of cycle enzymes through protein engineering may be necessary to increase fluxes. Non-canonical Calvin Benson cycles, if implemented with synthetic biology, could have reduced energy demand and enzyme loading, thus increasing the attractiveness of these bacteria for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elton P Hudson
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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2
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Cheng J, Zhang C, Zhang K, Li J, Hou Y, Xin J, Sun Y, Xu C, Xu W. Cyanobacteria-Mediated Light-Driven Biotransformation: The Current Status and Perspectives. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:42062-42071. [PMID: 38024730 PMCID: PMC10653055 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Most chemicals are manufactured by traditional chemical processes but at the expense of toxic catalyst use, high energy consumption, and waste generation. Biotransformation is a green, sustainable, and cost-effective process. As cyanobacteria can use light as the energy source to power the synthesis of NADPH and ATP, using cyanobacteria as the chassis organisms to design and develop light-driven biotransformation platforms for chemical synthesis has been gaining attention, since it can provide a theoretical and practical basis for the sustainable and green production of chemicals. Meanwhile, metabolic engineering and genome editing techniques have tremendous prospects for further engineering and optimizing chassis cells to achieve efficient light-driven systems for synthesizing various chemicals. Here, we display the potential of cyanobacteria as a promising light-driven biotransformation platform for the efficient synthesis of green chemicals and current achievements of light-driven biotransformation processes in wild-type or genetically modified cyanobacteria. Meanwhile, future perspectives of one-pot enzymatic cascade biotransformation from biobased materials in cyanobacteria have been proposed, which could provide additional research insights for green biotransformation and accelerate the advancement of biomanufacturing industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- School
of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Chaobo Zhang
- School
of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Kaidian Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea,
School of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, China
- Xiamen
Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration,
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean
and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jiashun Li
- Xiamen
Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration,
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean
and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yuyong Hou
- Key
Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotech-nology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jiachao Xin
- School
of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School
of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Chengshuai Xu
- School
of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School
of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China
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3
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Zhang S, Sun J, Feng D, Sun H, Cui J, Zeng X, Wu Y, Luan G, Lu X. Unlocking the potentials of cyanobacterial photosynthesis for directly converting carbon dioxide into glucose. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3425. [PMID: 37296173 PMCID: PMC10256809 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39222-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide, serving as an essential energy source for cells in all domains of life and as an important feedstock for the biorefinery industry. The plant-biomass-sugar route dominates the current glucose supply, while the direct conversion of carbon dioxide into glucose through photosynthesis is not well studied. Here, we show that the potential of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 for photosynthetic glucose production can be unlocked by preventing native glucokinase activity. Knocking out two glucokinase genes causes intracellular accumulation of glucose and promotes the formation of a spontaneous mutation in the genome, which eventually leads to glucose secretion. Without heterologous catalysis or transportation genes, glucokinase deficiency and spontaneous genomic mutation lead to a glucose secretion of 1.5 g/L, which is further increased to 5 g/L through metabolic and cultivation engineering. These findings underline the cyanobacterial metabolism plasticities and demonstrate their applications for supporting the direct photosynthetic production of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Huili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Xuexia Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Yannan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China
| | - Guodong Luan
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China.
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
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4
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Li C, Wang R, Wang J, Liu L, Li H, Zheng H, Ni J. A Highly Compatible Phototrophic Community for Carbon-Negative Biosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215013. [PMID: 36378012 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CO2 sequestration engineering is promising for carbon-negative biosynthesis, and artificial communities can solve more complex problems than monocultures. However, obtaining an ideal photosynthetic community is still a great challenge. Herein, we describe the development of a highly compatible photosynthetic community (HCPC) by integrating a sucrose-producing CO2 sequestration module and a super-coupled module. The cyanobacteria CO2 sequestration module was obtained using stepwise metabolic engineering and then coupled with the efficient sucrose utilization module Vibrio natriegens. Integrated omics analysis indicated that enhanced photosynthetic electron transport and extracellular vesicles promote intercellular communication. Additionally, the HCPC was used to channel CO2 into valuable chemicals, enabling the overall release of -22.27 to -606.59 kgCO2 e kg-1 in the end products. This novel light-driven community could facilitate circular economic implementation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liangxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hengrun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Haotian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jun Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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5
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Chen AY, Ku JT, Tsai TP, Hung JJ, Hung BC, Lan EI. Metabolic Engineering Design Strategies for Increasing Carbon Fluxes Relevant for Biosynthesis in Cyanobacteria. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 183:105-144. [PMID: 37093259 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are promising microbial cell factories for the direct production of biochemicals and biofuels from CO2. Through genetic and metabolic engineering, they can be modified to produce a variety of both natural and non-natural compounds. To enhance the yield of these products, various design strategies have been developed. In this chapter, strategies used to enhance metabolic fluxes towards common precursors used in biosynthesis, including pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, TCA cycle intermediates, and aromatics, are discussed. Additionally, strategies related to cofactor availability and mixotrophic conditions for bioproduction are also summarize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Y Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Jason T Ku
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Teresa P Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Jenny J Hung
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Billy C Hung
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Ethan I Lan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan.
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6
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Establishment of a salt-induced bioremediation platform from marine Vibrio natriegens. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1352. [PMID: 36494435 PMCID: PMC9734156 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial wastewater discharge, agricultural production, marine shipping, oil extraction, and other activities have caused serious marine pollution, including microplastics, petroleum and its products, heavy metals, pesticides, and other organics. Efficiency of bioremediation of marine pollutions may be limited by high salt concentrations (>1%, w/v), which can cause an apparent loss of microbial activities. In this study, functional promoters P1, P2-1, and P2-2 censoring salt stress were isolated and identified from a Vibrio natriegens strain Vmax. Three salt-induced degradation models were constructed to degrade polyethylene terephthalate (PET), chlorpyrifos (CP), and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) using the marine strain Vmax. The engineered strains are efficient for degradation of the corresponding substrates, with the degradation rates at 15 mg/L PET in 8 d, 50 mg/L CP in 24 h, and 1 mg/L HBCDs in 4 h, respectively. In addition, an immobilization strategy for recycling and reusing of engineered strains was realized by expressing the chitin-binding protein GbpA. This study may help answer the usage of rapidly growing marine bacteria such as V. natriegens Vmax to degrade marine pollution efficiently.
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7
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Tan C, Xu P, Tao F. Carbon-negative synthetic biology: challenges and emerging trends of cyanobacterial technology. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:1488-1502. [PMID: 36253158 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Global warming and climate instability have spurred interest in using renewable carbon resources for the sustainable production of chemicals. Cyanobacteria are ideal cellular factories for carbon-negative production of chemicals owing to their great potentials for directly utilizing light and CO2 as sole energy and carbon sources, respectively. However, several challenges in adapting cyanobacterial technology to industry, such as low productivity, poor tolerance, and product harvesting difficulty, remain. Synthetic biology may finally address these challenges. Here, we summarize recent advances in the production of value-added chemicals using cyanobacterial cell factories, particularly in carbon-negative synthetic biology and emerging trends in cyanobacterial applications. We also propose several perspectives on the future development of cyanobacterial technology for commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Tan
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Tao
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Light-Driven Synthetic Biology: Progress in Research and Industrialization of Cyanobacterial Cell Factory. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12101537. [PMID: 36294972 PMCID: PMC9605453 DOI: 10.3390/life12101537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Light-driven synthetic biology refers to an autotrophic microorganisms-based research platform that remodels microbial metabolism through synthetic biology and directly converts light energy into bio-based chemicals. This technology can help achieve the goal of carbon neutrality while promoting green production. Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms that use light and CO2 for growth and production. They thus possess unique advantages as "autotrophic cell factories". Various fuels and chemicals have been synthesized by cyanobacteria, indicating their important roles in research and industrial application. This review summarized the progresses and remaining challenges in light-driven cyanobacterial cell factory. The choice of chassis cells, strategies used in metabolic engineering, and the methods for high-value CO2 utilization will be discussed.
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9
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Usai G, Cordara A, Re A, Polli MF, Mannino G, Bertea CM, Fino D, Pirri CF, Menin B. Combining metabolite doping and metabolic engineering to improve 2-phenylethanol production by engineered cyanobacteria. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1005960. [PMID: 36204466 PMCID: PMC9530348 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1005960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Phenylethanol (2-PE) is a rose-scented aromatic compound, with broad application in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food and beverage industries. Many plants naturally synthesize 2-PE via Shikimate Pathway, but its extraction is expensive and low-yielding. Consequently, most 2-PE derives from chemical synthesis, which employs petroleum as feedstock and generates unwanted by products and health issues. The need for “green” processes and the increasing public demand for natural products are pushing biotechnological production systems as promising alternatives. So far, several microorganisms have been investigated and engineered for 2-PE biosynthesis, but a few studies have focused on autotrophic microorganisms. Among them, the prokaryotic cyanobacteria can represent ideal microbial factories thanks to their ability to photosynthetically convert CO2 into valuable compounds, their minimal nutritional requirements, high photosynthetic rate and the availability of genetic and bioinformatics tools. An engineered strain of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 for 2-PE production, i.e., p120, was previously published elsewhere. The strain p120 expresses four heterologous genes for the complete 2-PE synthesis pathway. Here, we developed a combined approach of metabolite doping and metabolic engineering to improve the 2-PE production kinetics of the Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 p120 strain. Firstly, the growth and 2-PE productivity performances of the p120 recombinant strain were analyzed to highlight potential metabolic constraints. By implementing a BG11 medium doped with L-phenylalanine, we covered the metabolic burden to which the p120 strain is strongly subjected, when the 2-PE pathway expression is induced. Additionally, we further boosted the carbon flow into the Shikimate Pathway by overexpressing the native Shikimate Kinase in the Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 p120 strain (i.e., 2PE_aroK). The combination of these different approaches led to a 2-PE yield of 300 mg/gDW and a maximum 2-PE titer of 285 mg/L, 2.4-fold higher than that reported in literature for the p120 recombinant strain and, to our knowledge, the highest recorded for photosynthetic microorganisms, in photoautotrophic growth condition. Finally, this work provides the basis for further optimization of the process aimed at increasing 2-PE productivity and concentration, and could offer new insights about the use of cyanobacteria as appealing microbial cell factories for the synthesis of aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Usai
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cordara
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandro Cordara,
| | - Angela Re
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Polli
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences—DISAFA, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mannino
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cinzia Margherita Bertea
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Debora Fino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Candido Fabrizio Pirri
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Menin
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
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10
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Kukil K, Lindberg P. Expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyases in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and subsequent improvements of sustainable production of phenylpropanoids. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:8. [PMID: 35012528 PMCID: PMC8750797 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01735-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phenylpropanoids represent a diverse class of industrially important secondary metabolites, synthesized in plants from phenylalanine and tyrosine. Cyanobacteria have a great potential for sustainable production of phenylpropanoids directly from CO2, due to their photosynthetic lifestyle with a fast growth compared to plants and the ease of generating genetically engineered strains. This study focuses on photosynthetic production of the starting compounds of the phenylpropanoid pathway, trans-cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid, in the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Synechocystis). Results A selected set of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) enzymes from different organisms was overexpressed in Synechocystis, and the productivities of the resulting strains compared. To further improve the titer of target compounds, we evaluated the use of stronger expression cassettes for increasing PAL protein levels, as well as knock-out of the laccase gene slr1573, as this was previously reported to prevent degradation of the target compounds in the cell. Finally, to investigate the effect of growth conditions on the production of trans-cinnamic and p-coumaric acids from Synechocystis, cultivation conditions promoting rapid, high density growth were tested. Comparing the different PALs, the highest specific titer was achieved for the strain AtC, expressing PAL from Arabidopsis thaliana. A subsequent increase of protein level did not improve the productivity. Production of target compounds in strains where the slr1573 laccase had been knocked out was found to be lower compared to strains with wild type background, and the Δslr1573 strains exhibited a strong phenotype of slower growth rate and lower pigment content. Application of a high-density cultivation system for the growth of production strains allowed reaching the highest total titers of trans-cinnamic and p-coumaric acids reported so far, at around 0.8 and 0.4 g L−1, respectively, after 4 days. Conclusions Production of trans-cinnamic acid, unlike that of p-coumaric acid, is not limited by the protein level of heterologously expressed PAL in Synechocystis. High density cultivation led to higher titres of both products, while knocking out slr1573 did not have a positive effect on production. This work contributes to capability of exploiting the primary metabolism of cyanobacteria for sustainable production of plant phenylpropanoids. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01735-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Kukil
- Microbial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pia Lindberg
- Microbial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden.
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11
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Tan C, Xu P, Tao F. Harnessing Interactional Sensory Genes for Rationally Reprogramming Chaotic Metabolism. RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.34133/research.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rationally controlling cellular metabolism is of great importance but challenging owing to its highly complex and chaotic nature. Natural existing sensory proteins like histidine kinases (HKs) are understood as “sensitive nodes” of biological networks that can trigger disruptive metabolic reprogramming (MRP) upon perceiving environmental fluctuation. Here, the “sensitive node” genes were adopted to devise a global MRP platform consisting of a CRISPR interference-mediated dual-gene combinational knockdown toolbox and survivorship-based metabolic interaction decoding algorithm. The platform allows users to decode the interfering effects of
n
×
n
gene pairs while only requiring the synthesis of
n
pairs of primers. A total of 35 HK genes and 24 glycine metabolic genes were selected as the targets to determine the effectiveness of our platform in a
Vibrio
sp. FA2. The platform was applied to decode the interfering impact of HKs on antibiotic resistance in strain FA2. A pattern of combined knockdown of HK genes (
sasA_8
and
04288
) was demonstrated to be capable of reducing antibiotic resistance of
Vibrio
by 108-fold. Patterns of combined knockdown of glycine pathway genes (e.g.,
gcvT
and
ltaE
) and several HK genes (e.g.,
cpxA
and
btsS
) were also revealed to increase glycine production. Our platform may enable an efficient and rational approach for global MRP based on the elucidation of high-order gene interactions. A web-based 1-stop service (
https://smrp.sjtu.edu.cn
) is also provided to simplify the implementation of this smart strategy in a broad range of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Bio-conversion of CO 2 into biofuels and other value-added chemicals via metabolic engineering. Microbiol Res 2021; 251:126813. [PMID: 34274880 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) occurs naturally in the atmosphere as a trace gas, which is produced naturally as well as by anthropogenic activities. CO2 is a readily available source of carbon that in principle can be used as a raw material for the synthesis of valuable products. The autotrophic organisms are naturally equipped to convert CO2 into biomass by obtaining energy from sunlight or inorganic electron donors. This autotrophic CO2 fixation has been exploited in biotechnology, and microbial cell factories have been metabolically engineered to convert CO2 into biofuels and other value-added bio-based chemicals. A variety of metabolic engineering efforts for CO2 fixation ranging from basic copy, paste, and fine-tuning approaches to engineering and testing of novel synthetic CO2 fixing pathways have been demonstrated. In this paper, we review the current advances and innovations in metabolic engineering for bio-conversion of CO2 into bio biofuels and other value-added bio-based chemicals.
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Efficient synthesis of 2-phenylethanol from L-phenylalanine by engineered Bacillus licheniformis using molasses as carbon source. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:7507-7520. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10740-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Combining Random Mutagenesis and Metabolic Engineering for Enhanced Tryptophan Production in Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.02816-19. [PMID: 32144109 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02816-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential aromatic amino acid that has value as an animal feed supplement, as the amount found in plant-based sources is insufficient. An alternative to production by engineered microbial fermentation is to have tryptophan biosynthesized by a photosynthetic microorganism that could replace or supplement both the plant and industrially used microbes. We selected Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803, a model cyanobacterium, as the host and studied metabolic engineering and random mutagenesis approaches. Previous work on engineering heterotrophic microbes for improved Trp titers has targeted allosteric feedback regulation in enzymes 3-deoxy-d-arabinoheptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (DAHPS) and anthranilate synthase (AS) as major bottlenecks in the shikimate pathway. In this work, the genes encoding feedback-resistant enzymes from Escherichia coli, aroGfbr and trpEfbr , were overexpressed in the host wild-type (WT) strain. Separately, the WT strain was subjected to random mutagenesis and selection using an amino acid analog to isolate tryptophan-overproducing strains. The randomly mutagenized strains were sequenced in order to identify the mutations that resulted in the desirable phenotypes. Interestingly, the tryptophan overproducers had mutations in the gene encoding chorismate mutase (CM), which catalyzes the conversion of chorismate to prephenate. The best tryptophan overproducer from random mutagenesis was selected as a host for metabolic engineering where aroGfbr and trpEfbr were overexpressed. The best strain developed produced 212 ± 23 mg/liter of tryptophan after 10 days of photoautotrophic growth under 3% (vol/vol) CO2 We demonstrated that a combination of random mutagenesis and metabolic engineering was superior to either individual approach.IMPORTANCE Aromatic amino acids such as tryptophan are primarily used as additives in the animal feed industry and are typically produced using genetically engineered heterotrophic organisms such as Escherichia coli This involves a two-step process, where the substrate such as molasses is first obtained from plants followed by fermentation by heterotrophic organisms. We have engineered photoautotrophic cyanobacterial strains by a combination of random mutagenesis and metabolic engineering. These strains grow on CO2 as the sole carbon source and utilize light as the sole energy source to produce tryptophan, thus converting the two-step process into a single step. Our results show that combining random mutagenesis and metabolic engineering was superior to either approach alone. This study also builds a foundation for further engineering of cyanobacteria for industrial tryptophan production.
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Liu Z, Wang K, Chen Y, Tan T, Nielsen J. Third-generation biorefineries as the means to produce fuels and chemicals from CO2. Nat Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-019-0421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Fang X, Kalathil S, Reisner E. Semi-biological approaches to solar-to-chemical conversion. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4926-4952. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00496c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the cross-disciplinary field of semi-artificial photosynthesis, which combines strengths of biocatalysis and artificial photosynthesis to develop new concepts and approaches for solar-to-chemical conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
| | - Shafeer Kalathil
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
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