1
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Chen W, Xu J, Rao W, Shen SS, Yang ZY, Ackermann L, Wang SY. Copper(0)-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Disulfurating Reagents and (Hetero)aryl/Alkyl Halides. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 39291854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we reported a copper(0)-catalyzed reductive coupling of disulfurating reagents and (hetero)aryl/alkyl halides. Copper(0) can be directly inserted into tetrasulfide and then undergoes reductive coupling with (hetero)aryl Iodides to construct disulfide. The method features the unprecedented use of copper(0)-catalyzed disulfurating reagents (tetrasulfides) in cross-coupling chemistry and is convenient with broad substrate scopes, even applicable to different halogenated hydrocarbons. It is worth noting that the methodology is practical with the late-stage modification of bioactive scaffolds of pharmaceuticals. In the meantime, the synthesis of disulfides is successfully achieved on a gram scale, indicating the approach is highly valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiuwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Weidong Rao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shu-Su Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 99, Xuefu Road, Huqiu District, Suzhou 215009, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Ying Yang
- Soochow College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shun-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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2
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Li B, Liu BX, Rao W, Shen SS, Sheng D, Wang SY. Copper-Catalyzed Chemoselective Coupling of N-Dithiophthalimides and Alkyl Halides: Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Disulfides and Sulfides. Org Lett 2024; 26:3634-3639. [PMID: 38660998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we report an unprecedented copper-catalyzed disulfides or sulfides coupling reaction involving unactivated alkyl halides and N-dithiophthalimides. This reaction can be conducted under mild conditions using low-cost metal catalysts and exhibits high chemical selectivity and functional group compatibility, enabling the efficient assembly of various sulfides and disulfides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bo-Xi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Weidong Rao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shu-Su Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P. R. China
| | - Daopeng Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shun-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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3
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Sun Q, Xu Y, Yang L, Zheng CL, Wang G, Wang HB, Fang Z, Wang CS, Guo K. Direct C-H Sulfuration: Synthesis of Disulfides, Dithiocarbamates, Xanthates, Thiocarbamates and Thiocarbonates. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400124. [PMID: 38421239 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In light of the important biological activities and widespread applications of organic disulfides, dithiocarbamates, xanthates, thiocarbamates and thiocarbonates, the continual persuit of efficient methods for their synthesis remains crucial. Traditionally, the preparation of such compounds heavily relied on intricate multi-step syntheses and the use of highly prefunctionalized starting materials. Over the past two decades, the direct sulfuration of C-H bonds has evolved into a straightforward, atom- and step-economical method for the preparation of organosulfur compounds. This review aims to provide an up-to-date discussion on direct C-H disulfuration, dithiocarbamation, xanthylation, thiocarbamation and thiocarbonation, with a special focus on describing scopes and mechanistic aspects. Moreover, the synthetic limitations and applications of some of these methodologies, along with the key unsolved challenges to be addressed in the future are also discussed. The majority of examples covered in this review are accomplished via metal-free, photochemical or electrochemical approaches, which are in alignment with the overraching objectives of green and sustainable chemistry. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate recent advancements, providing valuable insights into the dynamic landscape of efficient and sustainable synthetic strategies for these crucial classes of organosulfur compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Sun
- School of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Yuan Xu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Chun-Ling Zheng
- School of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Guowei Wang
- School of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Hai-Bo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Zheng Fang
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Chang-Sheng Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, PR China
| | - Kai Guo
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, PR China
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4
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Kumar S, Chand S, Singh KN. Electro-oxidative coupling of Bunte salts with aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates: a benign access to unsymmetrical sulfoxides. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:850-856. [PMID: 38175526 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01955a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
An electrochemical strategy for the synthesis of unsymmetrical sulfoxides has been explored using Bunte salts and aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates under constant current electrolysis at room temperature. In addition to being eco-safe and using mild conditions, the present protocol is free from the use of metal/oxidant, and is endowed with a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Shiv Chand
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Krishna Nand Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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5
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Zhang J, Studer A. Decatungstate-catalyzed radical disulfuration through direct C-H functionalization for the preparation of unsymmetrical disulfides. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3886. [PMID: 35794128 PMCID: PMC9259577 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31617-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Unsymmetrical disulfides are widely found in the areas of food chemistry, pharmaceutical industry, chemical biology and polymer science. Due the importance of such disulfides in various fields, general methods for the nondirected intermolecular disulfuration of C-H bonds are highly desirable. In this work, the conversion of aliphatic C(sp3)-H bonds and aldehydic C(sp2)-H bonds into the corresponding C-SS bonds with tetrasulfides (RSSSSR) as radical disulfuration reagents is reported. The decatungstate anion ([W10O32]4−) as photocatalyst is used for C-radical generation via intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer in combination with cheap sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8) as oxidant. Herein a series of valuable acyl alkyl disulfides, important precursors for the generation of RSS-anions, and unsymmetrical dialkyl disulfides are synthesized using this direct approach. To demonstrate the potential of the method for late-stage functionalization, approved drugs and natural products were successfully C-H functionalized. Despite the importance of unsymmetrical disulfides in various fields such as food chemistry, pharmaceutical industry, and polymer science, the nondirected intermolecular disulfuration of C-H bonds remains challenging. Here, the authors report the conversion of aliphatic C(sp3)-H bonds and aldehydic C(sp2)-H bonds into the corresponding C-SS bonds with tetrasulfides (RSSSSR) as radical disulfuration reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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6
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Efficient preparation of unsymmetrical disulfides by nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling strategy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2588. [PMID: 35546155 PMCID: PMC9095708 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Disulfides are widely found in natural products and find a wide range of applications in life sciences, materials chemistry and other fields. The preparation of disulfides mainly rely on oxidative couplings of two sulfur containing compounds. This strategy has many side reactions and other shortcomings. Herein, we describe the reductive nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of unactivated alkyl bromides with symmetrical alkyl- and aryltetrasulfides to form alkyl-alkyl and aryl-alkyl unsymmetrical disulfides. This approach for disulfide synthesis is practical, relies on easily available, unfunctionalized substrates, and is scalable. We investigated the mechanism of this transformation and found that the tetrasulfide compound does not selectively break the central S–S bond, but regio-selectively generates trisulfide intermediates. The preparation of disulfides mainly relies on oxidative couplings of two sulfur-containing compounds, a strategy which has side reactions and other shortcomings. In this work, the authors present a reductive nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of unactivated alkyl bromides with symmetrical tetrasulfides to form unsymmetrical disulfides, proceeding via trisulfide intermediates.
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7
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Chen Y, Sheng D, Wang F, Rao W, Shen SS, Wang SY. Nickel( ii)/TPMPP catalyzed reductive coupling of oxalates and tetrasulfides: synthesis of unsymmetric disulfides. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00945e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Ni(ii)/TPMPP-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling reaction of benzyl oxalates and tetrasulfides to synthesize unsymmetric disulfides is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Daopeng Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Weidong Rao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shu-Su Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 99, Xuefu Road, Huqiu District, Suzhou, 215009, PR China
| | - Shun-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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8
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Ma YT, Lin C, Huang X, Liu M, Zhou YB, Wu H. (NH4)2S2O8-Promoted cross-coupling of thiols/diselenides and sulfoxides for the synthesis of unsymmetrical disulfides/selenosulfides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6550-6553. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01344d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(NH4)2S2O8-Promoted cross-coupling of thiols/diselenides and sulfoxides to construct unsymmetrical disulfides/selenosulfides is disclosed. Control experiments demonstrate that (NH4)2S2O8 acts as an acid and an oxidant while both ionic and radical routes...
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9
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Song M, Hu Q, Li ZY, Sun X, Yang K. NFSI-catalyzed S‒S bond exchange reaction for the synthesis of unsymmetrical disulfides. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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10
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Oxygen levels are key to understanding "Anaerobic" protozoan pathogens with micro-aerophilic lifestyles. Adv Microb Physiol 2021; 79:163-240. [PMID: 34836611 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Publications abound on the physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology of "anaerobic" protozoal parasites as usually grown under "anaerobic" culture conditions. The media routinely used are poised at low redox potentials using techniques that remove O2 to "undetectable" levels in sealed containers. However there is growing understanding that these culture conditions do not faithfully resemble the O2 environments these organisms inhabit. Here we review for protists lacking oxidative energy metabolism, the oxygen cascade from atmospheric to intracellular concentrations and relevant methods of measurements of O2, some well-studied parasitic or symbiotic protozoan lifestyles, their homeodynamic metabolic and redox balances, organism-drug-oxygen interactions, and the present and future prospects for improved drugs and treatment regimes.
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11
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Ong CL, Titinchi S, Juan JC, Khaligh NG. An Overview of Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Organic Unsymmetrical Disulfides. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiu Ling Ong
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Salam Titinchi
- Department of Chemistry University of the Western Cape Bellville Cape Town 7535 South Africa
| | - Joon Ching Juan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Nader Ghaffari Khaligh
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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12
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Gambacorta G, Sharley JS, Baxendale IR. A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1181-1312. [PMID: 34136010 PMCID: PMC8182698 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their intrinsic physical properties, which includes being able to perform as volatile liquids at room and biological temperatures, fragrance ingredients/intermediates make ideal candidates for continuous-flow manufacturing. This review highlights the potential crossover between a multibillion dollar industry and the flourishing sub-field of flow chemistry evolving within the discipline of organic synthesis. This is illustrated through selected examples of industrially important transformations specific to the fragrances and flavours industry and by highlighting the advantages of conducting these transformations by using a flow approach. This review is designed to be a compendium of techniques and apparatus already published in the chemical and engineering literature which would constitute a known solution or inspiration for commonly encountered procedures in the manufacture of fragrance and flavour chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gambacorta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - James S Sharley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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13
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Guo J, Zha J, Zhang T, Ding CH, Tan Q, Xu B. PdCl 2/DMSO-Catalyzed Thiol-Disulfide Exchange: Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Disulfide. Org Lett 2021; 23:3167-3172. [PMID: 33797269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Unsymmetrical disulfides have been effectively prepared through thiol exchange with symmetrical disulfides employing a simple PdCl2/DMSO catalytic system. The given method features excellent functional group tolerance, a broad substrate scope, and operational simplicity. This reaction is especially useful for late-stage functionalization of bioactive scaffolds such as peptides and pharmaceuticals. Disulfide-containing organic dyes have also been prepared. This transformation could be extended to thiol-diselenide or thiol-ditelluride exchange affording RS-SeR' or RS-TeR'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jianjian Zha
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chang-Hua Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qitao Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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14
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Jędrzejewski B, Musiejuk M, Doroszuk J, Witt D. Convenient Synthesis of Functionalized Unsymmetrical Vinyl Disulfides and Their Inverse Electron-Demand Hetero-Diels-Alder Reaction. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1342. [PMID: 33802147 PMCID: PMC7998207 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The simple, convenient, and efficient methods for the preparation of unsymmetrical vinyl disulfides with additional functional groups under mild conditions with moderate to high yields were designed. The developed methods include the reaction of S-vinyl phosphorodithioate with thiotosylates or S-vinyl thiotosylate with thiols. The designed methods allow for the synthesis of unsymmetrical vinyl disulfides with additional functionalities such as hydroxy, carboxy, protected amino, or ester groups. Vinyl disulfides reacted with the generated transient o-iminothioquinones in an inverse electron-demand [4+2] cycloaddition to produce benzo[b][1,4]thiazine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dariusz Witt
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (B.J.); (M.M.); (J.D.)
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15
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Yamamoto Raynbird M, Khokhar SS, Neef D, Evans GJS, Wirth T. Synthesis of Ajoene Analogues by Novel Synthetic Strategies. Chemistry 2021; 27:3008-3012. [PMID: 33283953 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ajoene is a compound found in garlic extracts exhibiting a large range of biological activity. Novel ajoene analogues have been prepared in the search of compounds with superior bioactivity. Modifications include the alteration of the sulfoxide, the central alkene and the terminal allyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaista S Khokhar
- Neem Biotech, Roseheyworth Business Park North, Abertillery, NP131SX, UK
| | - Daniel Neef
- Neem Biotech, Roseheyworth Business Park North, Abertillery, NP131SX, UK
| | - Gareth J S Evans
- Neem Biotech, Roseheyworth Business Park North, Abertillery, NP131SX, UK
| | - Thomas Wirth
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
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16
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Zhu H, Wang C, Zong L. Progress on Biological Activity Study and Enantioselective Synthesis of Sulfoxides. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202103046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Raynbird MY, Silva F, Smallman H, Khokhar SS, Neef D, Evans GJS, Wirth T. Short Total Synthesis of Ajoene, (E,Z)-4,5,9-Trithiadodeca-1,6,11-triene 9-oxide, in Batch and (E,Z)-4,5,9-Trithiadodeca-1,7,11-triene in Continuous Flow. Chemistry 2020; 26:8363-8367. [PMID: 32364668 PMCID: PMC7384054 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A short total synthesis of ajoene, (E,Z)-4,5,9-trithiadodeca-1,6,11-triene 9-oxide, has been achieved over six steps. In addition, a continuous flow synthesis under mild reaction conditions to (E,Z)-4,5,9-trithiadodeca-1,7,11-triene is described starting from simple and easily accessible starting materials. Over four steps including propargylation, radical addition of thioacetate, deprotection, and disulfide formation/ allylation, the target product can be obtained at a rate of 0.26 g h-1 in an overall yield of 12 %.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filipa Silva
- School of ChemistryCardiff UniversityPark Place, Main BuildingCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Harry Smallman
- School of ChemistryCardiff UniversityPark Place, Main BuildingCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | | | - Daniel Neef
- Neem BiotechRoseheyworth Business Park NorthAbertilleryNP13 1SXUK
| | | | - Thomas Wirth
- School of ChemistryCardiff UniversityPark Place, Main BuildingCardiffCF10 3ATUK
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18
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Abstract
Radical substitution on tetrasulfides is demonstrated to be a highly effective means to prepare unsymmetric disulfides. Alkyl and aryl radicals generated thermally or photochemically underwent substitution on readily prepared dialkyl, diaryl, and diacyl tetrasulfides to yield the corresponding disulfides in good to excellent yields. Classic and contemporary thermal and photochemical radical sources could be employed; while photoredox catalysis approaches led to either oxidation or reduction of the tetrasulfide, energy transfer photocatalysis was particularly useful. The success of the approach is driven by the thermodynamic stability of the perthiyl radicals formed upon substitution on the tetrasulfide; they simply combine under the reaction conditions to provide the starting tetrasulfide. Competition kinetic experiments reveal that alkyl radical substitution on tetrasulfides is a rapid reaction (6 × 105 M-1 s-1) that is enhanced at least 6-fold upon moving from dialkyl tetrasulfide to diacyl tetrasulfide due to favorable polar effects. This unique and versatile reaction enables introduction of disulfide moieties from a variety of radical precursors and straightforward access to hydropersulfides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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19
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Abstract
With the increasing use of joint replacement surgery, the prevalence of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) has also increased. However, treating PJI has become a challenge for orthopaedic surgeons because of the prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria and the formation of protective biofilms. Numerous studies have shown that garlic extract (GE) has antibacterial activities and might be a good candidate for PJI treatment. This review explores the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of GE and its potential to be used in the treatment of PJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yang Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Yichuan People's Hospital, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Yi-Rong Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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20
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Musiejuk M, Doroszuk J, Jędrzejewski B, Ortiz Nieto G, Marin Navarro M, Witt D. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Z‐Alkenyl Disulfides from α‐Thiophosphorylated Ketones and Thiosulfonates. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Musiejuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Gdansk University of Technology Narutowicza 11/12 80-233 Gdansk Poland
| | - Justyna Doroszuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Gdansk University of Technology Narutowicza 11/12 80-233 Gdansk Poland
| | - Bartosz Jędrzejewski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Gdansk University of Technology Narutowicza 11/12 80-233 Gdansk Poland
| | - Gregory Ortiz Nieto
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Gdansk University of Technology Narutowicza 11/12 80-233 Gdansk Poland
| | | | - Dariusz Witt
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Gdansk University of Technology Narutowicza 11/12 80-233 Gdansk Poland
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21
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Delarue Bizzini L, Zwick P, Mayor M. Preparation of Unsymmetrical Disulfides from Thioacetates and Thiosulfonates. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Zwick
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P. O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM); School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
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22
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Wu HQ, Yang K, Luo SH, Wu XY, Wang N, Chen SH, Wang ZY. C4-Selective Synthesis of Vinyl Thiocyanates and Selenocyanates Through 3,4-Dihalo-2(5H
)-furanones. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Qing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environment; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou People′s Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Xiamen University; 361005 Xiamen People′s Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environment; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou People′s Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy; Gannan Medical University; 341000 Ganzhou People′s Republic of China
| | - Shi-He Luo
- School of Chemistry and Environment; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou People′s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; 381 Wushan Road 510640 Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environment; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou People′s Republic of China
| | - Neng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou People′s Republic of China
| | - Si-Hong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environment; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou People′s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou People′s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; 381 Wushan Road 510640 Guangzhou People's Republic of China
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Ali D, Hunter R, Kaschula CH, De Doncker S, Rees-Jones SCM. Unsymmetrical Organotrisulfide Formation via Low-Temperature Disulfanyl Anion Transfer to an Organothiosulfonate. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2862-2869. [PMID: 30712350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
New methodology is presented for the formation of unsymmetrical organotrisulfides in a high yield and purity, relatively free of polysulfide byproducts. The highlight of the method is the low-temperature (-78 °C) deprotection of a disulfanyl acetate with sodium methoxide in THF to form a disulfanyl anion, which reacts rapidly in situ with an organothiosulfonate ( S-aryl or S-alkyl) within 30 seconds followed by quenching. The discovery of these new reaction conditions together with the relative greenness of the chemistry overall makes for an efficient protocol, from which a range of organotrisulfides covering aliphatic, aromatic, as well as cysteine and sugar groups can be accessed in a high yield and purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Ali
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa
| | - Roger Hunter
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa
| | - Catherine H Kaschula
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science , Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch 7600 , South Africa
| | - Stephen De Doncker
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa
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