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Wei B, Chen YH, Knochel P. Recent Advances in Halogen-Metal Exchange Reactions. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1951-1963. [PMID: 38953535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusThe halogen-metal exchange reaction is a very powerful method for preparing functionalized organometallic reagents in the fields of organic and organometallic chemistry. Since its inception, significant interest has been directed toward the on-demand development of new halogen-metal exchange reactions, primarily through the upgrading of exchange reagents. The enduring quest for optimal reactivity, superior functional group compatibility, and innovative synthetic applications of exchange reagents remains a fundamental objective. In the past several years, the emergence of some significant discoveries in halogen-metal exchange reactions has proclaimed a renaissance to this field. This Account outlines the latest advances within the domain contributed by the Knochel group, including the main points as follows.The stereoretentive I/Li exchange on stereodefined secondary alkyl iodides was developed for the synthesis of nonstabilized chiral secondary alkyllithium reagents. This provided a straightforward method to access chiral organolithium reagents, which can be trapped by various electrophiles or transmetalated with other metals such as copper, zinc, and magnesium, thus enabling the stereoselective synthesis of a series of functionalized compounds and natural products.Faster halogen-magnesium and halogen-zinc exchanges in toluene were realized using a novel kind of exchange reagent complexed with lithium alkoxide. These highly efficient exchange reactions are much faster than traditional ones and performed in an industrially friendly solvent. These advantages are of great value in practical synthesis, paving the way for new developments in this evolving area.Halogen-lanthanide exchanges and their novel applications in organic synthesis were established. These new exchanges introduced the lanthanide metals into halogen-metal exchange reactions for the first time, thereby opening new avenues in synthetic chemistry. Building on these achievements, a comparative analysis of the exchange reaction rates by kinetic study has quantified the relationship between the electronegativity of metals and the rates of halogen-metal exchanges.Br/Na exchange in continuous flow was achieved using a hexane-soluble exchange reagent, 2-ethylhexylsodium. This approach effectively circumvented the poor solubility of the organosodium reagent, which has proven to be of significant practical value and greatly enhanced the synthetic utility of the organosodium reagent in organic synthesis.These remarkable breakthroughs as mentioned above are fueled mainly by upgrading the exchange reagents, resulting in the development of new halogen-metal exchange reactions and innovative applications in organic synthesis. Given the importance of halogen-metal exchanges in synthetic chemistry, the pursuit of other types of exchange reactions, particularly those involving new metals, will be in continuous demand. This Account provides a timely summary of recent progress and will undoubtedly inspire further advances to drive this research field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan China
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei China
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
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2
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Cuong DV, Hanh TTH, Huong NT, Huong PTM, Vinh LB, Quang TH. Secondary metabolites from the fruit peels of Durio zibethinus L. and their cytotoxic activity. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3556-3562. [PMID: 35749655 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2092733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Three new glucosides, ziberthinosides A-C (1-3), and six known compounds, cleomiscosins A-D (4-7), sporogen AO-2 (8) and sapinofuranone A (9), were isolated from a methanol extract of Durio zibethinus fruit peels. Their chemical structures were elucidated by analyses of their 1 D/2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS data as well as by comparison with the literature values. The absolute configuration of sporogen AO-2 (8) was confirmed by ECD calculation. Of the isolates, compounds 8 and 9 were cytotoxic toward all MCF7, HepG2 and SK-LU-1 cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 10.7 to 34.9 μM. Our results contribute to better understanding of the chemical constituents of the high valued durian fruit and their pharmacological effect, such as cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Viet Cuong
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | - Le Ba Vinh
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Hong Quang
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
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3
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Souza JPA, Bandeira PT, Bergmann J, Zarbin PHG. Recent advances in the synthesis of insect pheromones: an overview from 2013 to 2022. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:866-889. [PMID: 36820746 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00068g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2013 to June 2022Pheromones are usually produced by insects in sub-microgram amounts, which prevents the elucidation of their structures by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Instead, a synthetic reference material is needed to confirm the structure of the natural compounds. In addition, the provision of synthetic pheromones enables large-scale field trials for the development of environmentally friendly pest management tools. Because of these potential applications in pest control, insect pheromones are attractive targets for the development of synthetic procedures and the synthesis of these intraspecific chemical messengers has been at the core of numerous research efforts in the field of pheromone chemistry. The present review is a quick reference guide for the syntheses of insect pheromones published from 2013 to mid-2022, listing the synthesized compounds and highlighting current methodologies in organic synthesis, such as carbon-carbon coupling reactions, organo-transition metal chemistry including ring-closing olefin metathesis, asymmetric epoxidations and dihydroxylations, and enzymatic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P A Souza
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, Caixa Postal 19020, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil.
| | - Pamela T Bandeira
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, Caixa Postal 19020, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil. .,Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avda. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jan Bergmann
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avda. Universidad 330, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Paulo H G Zarbin
- Laboratório de Semioquímicos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, Caixa Postal 19020, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil.
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Kremsmair A, Wilke HR, Harenberg JH, Bissinger BRG, Simon MM, Alandini N, Knochel P. In Situ Quench Reactions of Enantioenriched Secondary Alkyllithium Reagents in Batch and Continuous Flow Using an I/Li-Exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214377. [PMID: 36269064 PMCID: PMC10100098 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
We report a practical in situ quench (ISQ) procedure involving the generation of chiral secondary alkyllithiums from secondary alkyl iodides (including functionalized iodides bearing an ester or a nitrile) in the presence of various electrophiles such as aldehydes, ketones, Weinreb amides, isocyanates, sulfides, or boronates. This ISQ-reaction allowed the preparation of a broad range of optically enriched ketones, alcohols, amides, sulfides and boronic acid esters in typically 90-98 % ee. Remarkably, these reactions were performed at -78 °C or -40 °C in batch. A continuous flow set-up permitted reaction temperatures between -20 °C and 0 °C and allowed a scale-up up to a 40-fold without further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kremsmair
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Henrik R. Wilke
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Johannes H. Harenberg
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Benjamin R. G. Bissinger
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Matthias M. Simon
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Nurtalya Alandini
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
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Djukanovic D, Ganiek MA, Nishi K, Karaghiosoff K, Mashima K, Knochel P. Preparation of Functionalized Amides Using Dicarbamoylzincs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205440. [PMID: 35561099 PMCID: PMC9401601 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a new convenient preparation of dicarbamoylzincs of type (R1 R2 NCO)2 Zn by the treatment of ZnCl2 and formamides R1 R2 NCHO with LiTMP in THF (15 °C, 15 min) or by the reaction of formamides R1 R2 NCHO with TMP2 Zn (25 °C, 16 h). This second method tolerates sensitive groups such as an ester, ketone or nitro function. Reaction of these dicarbamoylzincs with allylic, benzylic, aryl, alkenyl bromides, acid chlorides, aldehydes or enones provided various polyfunctional amides in 47-97 % yields. 13 C NMR characterization of these new carbamoylzinc derivatives is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrije Djukanovic
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Maximilian A. Ganiek
- Patheon, by Thermo Fisher ScientificPatheon Regensburg GmbhDonaustaufer Straße 37893055RegensburgGermany
| | - Kohei Nishi
- Graduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University1-3 MachikaneyamaToyonaka565-0871 OsakaJapan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka University1-6 YamadaokaSuita565-0871 OsakaJapan
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Graduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University1-3 MachikaneyamaToyonaka565-0871 OsakaJapan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesOsaka University1-6 YamadaokaSuita565-0871 OsakaJapan
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
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6
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Chlupatý T, Růžičková Z, Kampová H, Merna J, Růžička A. Lithium, Magnesium, and Zinc Centers N,N'-Chelated by an Amine-Amide Hybrid Ligand. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9392-9404. [PMID: 35706334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structure of lithium, magnesium, and zinc complexes N,N'-chelated by a hybrid amine-amido ligand ([2-(Me2NCH2)C6H4NR]-, abbreviated as LNR, where R = H, SiMe3, or Bn) are reported. The reaction of the least sterically demanding LNH with various magnesium sources gives the hexameric imide [LNMg]6 (4) by the elimination of n-butane from LNHMgnBu (2) or by the reaction of LNHLi (1) with MeMgBr. [LNH]2Mg (3) is obtained through the addition of 0.5 equiv of nBu2Mg or Mg[N(SiMe3)2]2 to LNH2 and with 1 equiv of nBu2Mg reacting to 2. Both LNHMgN(SiMe3)2 (6) and isostructural LNHZnN(SiMe3)2 (16) have been prepared using two different approaches: monodeprotonation of LNH2 by Zn/Mg[N(SiMe3)2]2 in a 1:1 ratio or ligand substitution of 2 or LNHZnEt (12) by 0.5 equiv of Sn[N(SiMe3)2]2. The reactions of 2 or 3 with 1 provide the heterotrimetallic complex [LNH]4Li2Mg (5). Benzyl- or trimethylsilyl-substituted anilines [LN(SiMe3)H (7) and LN(Bn)H (8)] with 0.5 equiv of nBu2Mg allow the formation of homoleptic bis(amides) of the [LN(R)]2Mg type (10 and 11). Nevertheless, only the silylated secondary amine 7 is able to provide the heteroleptic n-butylmagnesium amide LN(SiMe3)MgnBu (9) upon reaction with an equimolar amount of nBu2Mg. Similarly, 12, [LNH]2Zn (13), LN(R)ZnEt (17 and 18), and [LN(R)]2Zn [R = SiMe3 (19) and Bn (20)] were prepared by the monodeprotonation of LNH2 or LN(R)H using Et2Zn in the corresponding stoichiometric ratio. LNHZnI was prepared by the nucleophilic substitution of an ethyl chain in 12 by molecular iodine. A heterometallic complex, [LNH]4Li2Zn (14), analogous to 5 was prepared from 12 or 13 with 1 or 2 equiv of 1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Chlupatý
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Růžičková
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kampová
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Merna
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Polymers, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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7
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Preparation of Functionalized Amides using Dicarbamoylzincs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Kremsmair A, Wilke HR, Simon MM, Schmidt Q, Karaghiosoff K, Knochel P. General stereoretentive preparation of chiral secondary mixed alkylmagnesium reagents and their use for enantioselective electrophilic aminations. Chem Sci 2021; 13:44-49. [PMID: 35059149 PMCID: PMC8694387 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05315a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A general preparation of enantiomerically and diastereomerically enriched secondary alkylmagnesium reagents was reported as well as their use for performing highly stereoselective transition-metal free electrophilic aminations leading to α-chiral amines in up to 97% ee. Thus, the reaction of t-BuLi (2.2 equiv.) with a mixture of chiral secondary alkyl iodides and the commercially available magnesium reagent Me3SiCH2MgCl in a 2 : 1 mixture of pentane and diethyl ether at up to -50 °C provided optically enriched secondary mixed alkylmagnesium species of the type alkyl(Me)CHMgCH2SiMe3 with high retention of configuration (up to 99% ee). The resulting enantiomerically enriched dialkylmagnesium reagents were trapped with electrophiles such as non-enolizable ketones, aldehydes, acid chlorides, isocyanates, chlorophosphines and O-benzoyl hydroxylamines providing α-chiral tertiary alcohols, ketones, amides, phosphines and tertiary amines in up to 89% yield (over three reaction steps) and up to 99% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kremsmair
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Henrik R Wilke
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Matthias M Simon
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Quirin Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 5-13 81377 München Germany
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9
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Ben Maamer C, Mpawenayo PC, Lecachey B, Alouane N, Mangeney P, van der Lee A, Marrot J, Bouaouli S, Guillaumont M, Besbes R, Gerard H, Vrancken E, Campagne JM. Dynamic Kinetic Resolution Processes Based on the Switchable Configurational Instability of Allenyl Copper Reagents. Org Lett 2021; 23:6305-6310. [PMID: 34378945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The configurational instability of allenyl copper reagents is unveiled. An experimental study highlights the crucial role of Li+ and of the reaction temperature in the control of the configurational stability of allenyl copper reagents. A judicious choice of the reaction conditions allows efficient dynamic kinetic resolution processes and gives a one-pot access to homopropargylic alcohols or amines bearing up to four contiguous defined stereogenic centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayma Ben Maamer
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.,University of Tunis-El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Campus Universities, 2092 Tunis El-Manar, Tunisia
| | - Pierre C Mpawenayo
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Baptiste Lecachey
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nacira Alouane
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire, Univ. Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Mangeney
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire, Univ. Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Arie van der Lee
- Institut Européen des Membranes, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Marrot
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR 8180, Université de Versailles, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France
| | - Samira Bouaouli
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, LCT UMR 7616, Paris, France
| | - Maya Guillaumont
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, LCT UMR 7616, Paris, France
| | - Rafâa Besbes
- University of Tunis-El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Campus Universities, 2092 Tunis El-Manar, Tunisia
| | - Hélène Gerard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, LCT UMR 7616, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Vrancken
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marc Campagne
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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10
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Bond AG, Testa A, Ciulli A. Stereoselective synthesis of allele-specific BET inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7533-7539. [PMID: 32756710 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01165g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Developing stereoselective synthetic routes that are efficient and cost-effective allows easy access to biologically active molecules. Our previous syntheses of allele-selective bumped inhibitors of the Bromo and Extra-Terminal (BET) domain proteins, Brd2, Brd3, Brd4 and BrdT, required a wasteful, late-stage alkylation step and expensive chiral separation. To circumvent these limitations, we developed a route based on stereocontrolled alkylation of an N-Pf protected aspartic acid derivative that was used in a divergent, racemisation-free protocol to yield structurally diverse and enantiopure triazolodiazepines. With this approach, we synthesized bumped thienodiazepine-based BET inhibitor, ET-JQ1-OMe, in five steps and 99% ee without the need for chiral chromatography. Exquisite selectivity of ET-JQ1-OMe for Leu-Ala and Leu-Val mutants over wild-type bromodomain was established by isothermal titration calorimetry and X-ray crystallography. Our new approach provides unambiguous chemical evidence for the absolute stereochemistry of the active, allele-specific BET inhibitors and a viable route that will open wider access to this compound class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam G Bond
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
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Kremsmair A, Skotnitzki J, Knochel P. Diastereo- and Enantioselective Cross-Couplings of Secondary Alkylcopper Reagents with 3-Halogeno-Unsaturated Carbonyl Derivatives. Chemistry 2020; 26:11971-11973. [PMID: 32557902 PMCID: PMC7540566 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chiral secondary alkylcopper reagents were prepared from the corresponding alkyl iodides with retention of configuration by an I/Li-exchange using tBuLi (-100 °C, 1 min) followed by a transmetalation with CuBr⋅P(OEt)3 (-100 °C, 20 s). These stereodefined secondary alkylcoppers underwent stereoretentive cross-couplings with several 3-iodo or 3-bromo unsaturated carbonyl derivatives leading to the corresponding γ-methylated Michael acceptors in good yields and with high diastereoselectivities (dr up to 96:4). The method was extended to enantiomerically enriched alkylcoppers, providing optically enriched advanced natural product intermediates with up to 90 % ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kremsmair
- Department Chemie & BiochemieLudwig Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Juri Skotnitzki
- Department Chemie & BiochemieLudwig Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie & BiochemieLudwig Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
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12
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Han JT, Kim ST, Baik MH, Yun J. Direct Stereoconvergent Allylation of Chiral Alkylcopper Nucleophiles with Racemic Allylic Phosphates. Chemistry 2020; 26:2592-2596. [PMID: 31788874 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed stereoconvergent allylation of chiral sp3 -hybridized carbon nucleophiles with a racemic mixture of acyclic secondary allylic phosphates is reported. In the presence of a copper-catalyst complexed with chiral BenzP* ligand, tandem coupling reaction of vinyl arenes, bis(pinacolato)diboron, and racemic allylic phosphates provided β-chiral alkylboronates possessing (E)-alkenyl moiety through a direct stereoconvergent allylic coupling with concomitant generation of a C(sp3 )-stereogenic center. A range of vinyl (hetero)arenes and secondary allylic phosphates bearing 1°, 2°, 3° alkyl and phenyl α-substituents were suitable for the reaction, forming products with high enantioselectivities up to 95 % ee. Density functional theory calculations were conducted in detail to elucidate the origin of the observed regioselectivity of borylcupration and stereoconvergent (E)-olefin formation from racemic allylic phosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Tae Han
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16149, Korea
| | - Seoung-Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jaesook Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16149, Korea
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Skotnitzki J, Kremsmair A, Keefer D, Gong Y, Vivie‐Riedle R, Knochel P. Stereoselektive C(sp
3
)‐C(sp
2
)‐Kreuzkupplungen von chiralen sekundären Alkylzinkreagenzien mit Alkenyl‐ und Arylhalogeniden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juri Skotnitzki
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Alexander Kremsmair
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Daniel Keefer
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Ye Gong
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Regina Vivie‐Riedle
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
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14
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Skotnitzki J, Kremsmair A, Keefer D, Gong Y, de Vivie‐Riedle R, Knochel P. Stereoselective Csp 3 -Csp 2 Cross-Couplings of Chiral Secondary Alkylzinc Reagents with Alkenyl and Aryl Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:320-324. [PMID: 31529574 PMCID: PMC6973128 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of chiral secondary non-stabilized dialkylzinc reagents, prepared from readily available chiral secondary alkyl iodides, with alkenyl and aryl halides. This method provides α-chiral alkenes and arenes with very high retention of configuration (dr up to 98:2) and satisfactory overall yields (up to 76 % for 3 reaction steps). The configurational stability of these chiral non-stabilized dialkylzinc reagents was determined and exceeded several hours at 25 °C. DFT calculations were performed to rationalize the stereoretention during the catalytic cycle. Furthermore, the cross-coupling reaction was applied in an efficient total synthesis of the sesquiterpenes (S)- and (R)-curcumene with control of the absolute stereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Skotnitzki
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Alexander Kremsmair
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Daniel Keefer
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Ye Gong
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Regina de Vivie‐Riedle
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
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15
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Skotnitzki J, Kremsmair A, Keefer D, Schüppel F, Le Cacher de Bonneville B, de Vivie-Riedle R, Knochel P. Regio- and diastereoselective reactions of chiral secondary alkylcopper reagents with propargylic phosphates: preparation of chiral allenes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5328-5332. [PMID: 34122991 PMCID: PMC8159386 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05982b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The diastereoselective SN2′-substitution of secondary alkylcopper reagents with propargylic phosphates enables the preparation of stereodefined alkylallenes. By using enantiomerically enriched alkylcopper reagents and enantioenriched propargylic phosphates as electrophiles anti-SN2′-substitutions were performend leading to α-chiral allenes in good yields with excellent regioselectivity and retention of configuration. DFT-calculations were performed to rationalize the structure of these alkylcopper reagents in various solvents, emphasizing their configurational stability in THF. The diastereoselective SN2′-substitution of secondary alkylcopper reagents with propargylic phosphates enables the preparation of stereodefined alkylallenes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Skotnitzki
- Department of Chemistry
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet
- 81377 München
- Germany
| | | | - Daniel Keefer
- Department of Chemistry
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet
- 81377 München
- Germany
| | - Franziska Schüppel
- Department of Chemistry
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet
- 81377 München
- Germany
| | | | | | - Paul Knochel
- Department of Chemistry
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet
- 81377 München
- Germany
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16
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Timonen JM, Turhanen PA. ( E)-Di-iodination of Alkynes Using Dried Dowex H +/NaI Approach. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:14663-14668. [PMID: 31528823 PMCID: PMC6741282 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the usefulness of the dried Dowex H+/NaI approach for the selective di-iodination of alkynes. The Dowex H+/NaI approach selectively produces only (E)-di-iodinated products; it is very straightforward and nontoxic. The utilization of 2-propanol as a solvent in the reactions can be considered as a "green" approach and the method maybe extended to radio-iodination. The method allows access to highly important building blocks. An initial example of the di-iodination and esterification in the same one-pot reaction is also presented.
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