1
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Gera R, De P, Singh KK, Jannuzzi SAV, Mohanty A, Velasco L, Kulbir, Kumar P, Marco JF, Nagarajan K, Pecharromán C, Rodríguez-Pascual PM, DeBeer S, Moonshiram D, Gupta SS, Dasgupta J. Trapping an Elusive Fe(IV)-Superoxo Intermediate Inside a Self-Assembled Nanocage in Water at Room Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21729-21741. [PMID: 39078020 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Molecular cavities that mimic natural metalloenzymes have shown the potential to trap elusive reaction intermediates. Here, we demonstrate the formation of a rare yet stable Fe(IV)-superoxo intermediate at room temperature subsequent to dioxygen binding at the Fe(III) site of a (Et4N)2[FeIII(Cl)(bTAML)] complex confined inside the hydrophobic interior of a water-soluble Pd6L412+ nanocage. Using a combination of electron paramagnetic resonance, Mössbauer, Raman/IR vibrational, X-ray absorption, and emission spectroscopies, we demonstrate that the cage-encapsulated complex has a Fe(IV) oxidation state characterized by a stable S = 1/2 spin state and a short Fe-O bond distance of ∼1.70 Å. We find that the O2 reaction in confinement is reversible, while the formed Fe(IV)-superoxo complex readily reacts when presented with substrates having weak C-H bonds, highlighting the lability of the O-O bond. We envision that such optimally trapped high-valent superoxos can show new classes of reactivities catalyzing both oxygen atom transfer and C-H bond activation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
- Department of Education in Science and Mathematics, Regional Institute of Education - Mysuru, NCERT, Mysuru 570006, India
| | - Puja De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Kundan K Singh
- Chemical Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
- Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Dharwad 580007, India
| | - Sergio A V Jannuzzi
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Aisworika Mohanty
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Lucia Velasco
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Kulbir
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati 517507, India
| | - J F Marco
- Instituto de Quimica Fisica Blas Cabrera, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 119, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Kalaivanan Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Carlos Pecharromán
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - P M Rodríguez-Pascual
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Dooshaye Moonshiram
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Sayam Sen Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Jyotishman Dasgupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
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2
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De Tovar J, Leblay R, Wang Y, Wojcik L, Thibon-Pourret A, Réglier M, Simaan AJ, Le Poul N, Belle C. Copper-oxygen adducts: new trends in characterization and properties towards C-H activation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10308-10349. [PMID: 38994420 PMCID: PMC11234856 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01762e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the latest discoveries in the field of C-H activation by copper monoxygenases and more particularly by their bioinspired systems. This work first describes the recent background on copper-containing enzymes along with additional interpretations about the nature of the active copper-oxygen intermediates. It then focuses on relevant examples of bioinorganic synthetic copper-oxygen intermediates according to their nuclearity (mono to polynuclear). This includes a detailed description of the spectroscopic features of these adducts as well as their reactivity towards the oxidation of recalcitrant Csp3 -H bonds. The last part is devoted to the significant expansion of heterogeneous catalytic systems based on copper-oxygen cores (i.e. within zeolite frameworks).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan De Tovar
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Département de Chimie Moléculaire Grenoble France
| | - Rébecca Leblay
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille Marseille France
| | - Yongxing Wang
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille Marseille France
| | - Laurianne Wojcik
- Université de Brest, Laboratoire de Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique Brest France
| | | | - Marius Réglier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille Marseille France
| | - A Jalila Simaan
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille Marseille France
| | - Nicolas Le Poul
- Université de Brest, Laboratoire de Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique Brest France
| | - Catherine Belle
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Département de Chimie Moléculaire Grenoble France
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3
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Fritsch L, Rehsies P, Barakat W, Estes DP, Bauer M. Detection and Characterization of Hydride Ligands in Copper Complexes by Hard X-Ray Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400357. [PMID: 38651986 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal complexes, particularly copper hydrides, play an important role in various catalytic processes and molecular inorganic chemistry. This study employs synchrotron hard X-ray spectroscopy to gain insights into the geometric and electronic properties of copper hydrides as potential catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation. The potential of high energy resolution X-ray absorption near-edge structure (HERFD-XANES) and valence-to-core X-ray emission (VtC-XES) is demonstrated with measurement on Stryker's reagent (Cu6H6) and [Cu3(μ3-H)(dpmppe)2](PF6)2 (Cu3H), alongside a non-hydride copper compound ICu(dtbppOH) (Cuy-I). The XANES analysis reveals that coordination geometries strongly influence the spectra, providing only indirect details about hydride coordination. The VtC-XES analysis exhibits a distinct signal around 8975 eV, offering a diagnostic tool to identify hydride ligands. Theoretical calculations support and extend these findings by comparing hydride-containing complexes with their hydride-free counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Fritsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Pia Rehsies
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Wael Barakat
- Instritute of Technical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Deven P Estes
- Instritute of Technical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Matthias Bauer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
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4
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Yang S, Liu X, Li S, Yuan W, Yang L, Wang T, Zheng H, Cao R, Zhang W. The mechanism of water oxidation using transition metal-based heterogeneous electrocatalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5593-5625. [PMID: 38646825 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs01031g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The water oxidation reaction, a crucial process for solar energy conversion, has garnered significant research attention. Achieving efficient energy conversion requires the development of cost-effective and durable water oxidation catalysts. To design effective catalysts, it is essential to have a fundamental understanding of the reaction mechanisms. This review presents a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the understanding of the mechanisms of water oxidation using transition metal-based heterogeneous electrocatalysts, including Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu-based catalysts. It highlights the catalytic mechanisms of different transition metals and emphasizes the importance of monitoring of key intermediates to explore the reaction pathway. In addition, advanced techniques for physical characterization of water oxidation intermediates are also introduced, for the purpose of providing information for establishing reliable methodologies in water oxidation research. The study of transition metal-based water oxidation electrocatalysts is instrumental in providing novel insights into understanding both natural and artificial energy conversion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China.
| | - Sisi Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China.
| | - Wenjie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China.
| | - Luna Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China.
| | - Haoquan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China.
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5
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Geoghegan BL, Bilyj JK, Bernhardt PV, DeBeer S, Cutsail GE. X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy of N 2S 2 Cu(II)/(III) complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7828-7838. [PMID: 38624161 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00085d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of ligand charge on transition energies in a series of CuN2S2 complexes based on dithiocarbazate Schiff base ligands using Cu K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and Kβ valence-to-core (VtC) X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES). By comparing the formally Cu(II) complexes [CuII(HL1)] (HL12- = dimethyl pentane-2,4-diylidenebis[carbonodithiohydrazonate]) and [CuII(HL2)] (HL22- = dibenzyl pentane-2,4-diylidenebis[carbonodithiohydrazonate]) and the formally Cu(III) complex [CuIII(L2)], distinct changes in transition energies are observed, primarily attributed to the metal oxidation state. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate how an increased negative charge on the deprotonated L23- ligand stabilizes the Cu(III) center through enhanced charge donation, modulating the core transition energies. Overall, significant shifts to higher energies are noted upon metal oxidation, emphasizing the importance of scrutinizing ligand structure in XAS/VtC XES analysis. The data further support the redox-innocent role of the Schiff base ligands and underscore the criticality of ligand protonation levels in future spectroscopic studies, particularly for catalytic intermediates. The combined XAS-VtC XES methodology validates the Cu(III) oxidation state assignment while offering insights into ligand protonation effects on core-level spectroscopic transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise L Geoghegan
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, W12 0BZ, London, UK
| | - Jessica K Bilyj
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - George E Cutsail
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
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6
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Peredkov S, Pereira N, Grötzsch D, Hendel S, Wallacher D, DeBeer S. PINK: a tender X-ray beamline for X-ray emission spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:622-634. [PMID: 38662410 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577524002200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A high-flux beamline optimized for non-resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) in the tender X-ray energy range has been constructed at the BESSY II synchrotron source. The beamline utilizes a cryogenically cooled undulator that provides X-rays over the energy range 2.1 keV to 9.5 keV. This energy range provides access to XES [and in the future X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS)] studies of transition metals ranging from Ti to Cu (Kα, Kβ lines) and Zr to Ag (Lα, Lβ), as well as light elements including P, S, Cl, K and Ca (Kα, Kβ). The beamline can be operated in two modes. In PINK mode, a multilayer monochromator (E/ΔE ≃ 30-80) provides a high photon flux (1014 photons s-1 at 6 keV and 300 mA ring current), allowing non-resonant XES measurements of dilute substances. This mode is currently available for general user operation. X-ray absorption near-edge structure and resonant XAS techniques will be available after the second stage of the PINK commissioning, when a high monochromatic mode (E/ΔE ≃ 10000-40000) will be facilitated by a double-crystal monochromator. At present, the beamline incorporates two von Hamos spectrometers, enabling time-resolved XES experiments with time scales down to 0.1 s and the possibility of two-color XES experiments. This paper describes the optical scheme of the PINK beamline and the endstation. The design of the two von Hamos dispersive spectrometers and sample environment are discussed here in detail. To illustrate, XES spectra of phosphorus complexes, KCl, TiO2 and Co3O4 measured using the PINK setup are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Peredkov
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Nilson Pereira
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Daniel Grötzsch
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical University of Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hendel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Wallacher
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, Berlin, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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7
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Strübbe S, Nowakowski M, Schoch R, Bauer M. High-Resolution X-ray Absorption and Emission Spectroscopy for Detailed Analysis of New CO 2 Methanation Catalysts. Chemphyschem 2023:e202300113. [PMID: 37768846 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
A new approach for the characterization of CO2 methanation catalysts prepared by thermal decomposition of a nickel MOF by hard X-ray photon-in/photon-out spectroscopy in form of high energy resolution fluorescence detected X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (HERFD-XANES) and valence-to-core X-ray emission (VtC-XES) is presented. In contrast to conventional X-ray absorption spectroscopy, the increased resolution of both methods allows a more precise phase determination of the final catalyst, which is influenced by the conditions during MOF decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Strübbe
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Michal Nowakowski
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Roland Schoch
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Matthias Bauer
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
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8
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Zhao Y, Adiyeri Saseendran DP, Huang C, Triana CA, Marks WR, Chen H, Zhao H, Patzke GR. Oxygen Evolution/Reduction Reaction Catalysts: From In Situ Monitoring and Reaction Mechanisms to Rational Design. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6257-6358. [PMID: 36944098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are core steps of various energy conversion and storage systems. However, their sluggish reaction kinetics, i.e., the demanding multielectron transfer processes, still render OER/ORR catalysts less efficient for practical applications. Moreover, the complexity of the catalyst-electrolyte interface makes a comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic OER/ORR mechanisms challenging. Fortunately, recent advances of in situ/operando characterization techniques have facilitated the kinetic monitoring of catalysts under reaction conditions. Here we provide selected highlights of recent in situ/operando mechanistic studies of OER/ORR catalysts with the main emphasis placed on heterogeneous systems (primarily discussing first-row transition metals which operate under basic conditions), followed by a brief outlook on molecular catalysts. Key sections in this review are focused on determination of the true active species, identification of the active sites, and monitoring of the reactive intermediates. For in-depth insights into the above factors, a short overview of the metrics for accurate characterizations of OER/ORR catalysts is provided. A combination of the obtained time-resolved reaction information and reliable activity data will then guide the rational design of new catalysts. Strategies such as optimizing the restructuring process as well as overcoming the adsorption-energy scaling relations will be discussed. Finally, pending current challenges and prospects toward the understanding and development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts and selected homogeneous catalysts are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggui Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Chong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlos A Triana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walker R Marks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Greta R Patzke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Guo Z, Zhang Y, Xu W, Jin S, Gan X, Zhang H, Chen D, Jia Q. A von Hamos full-cylindrical spectrometer based on striped Si/Ge crystal for advanced x-ray spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:023102. [PMID: 36859069 DOI: 10.1063/5.0133896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High-energy resolution core-level spectroscopies, including a group of different techniques to obtain element-specific information of the electronic structure around an absorption site, have become powerful tools for studying the chemical state, local geometric structure, and the nature of chemical bonding. High-resolution x-ray absorption and x-ray emission spectroscopies are well-established experimental techniques but have always been limited by the number of emitted photons and the limited acceptance of solid angles, as well as requiring high energy stability and repeatability for the whole experimental setup. A full-cylindrical x-ray spectrometer based on flexible HAPG (highly annealed pyrolitic graphite) mosaic crystals is an effective solution for the above issues. However, large-area HAPG remains expensive and is often not easy to access. Here, we present an alternative approach by using segmented single crystals (Si and Ge) with different orientations instead of the HAPG as a dispersive element. The proposed method drastically improved the energy resolution up to 0.2-2 eV in the range of 2-10 keV. High-pressure x-ray emission and resonant x-ray emission spectra are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the instrument. The new design is particularly suitable for high-resolution spectroscopy applications at fourth-generation synchrotron radiation sources or free-electron lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Guo
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - ShuoXue Jin
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaolong Gan
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongliang Chen
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quanjie Jia
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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10
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Hybrid bilayer membranes as platforms for biomimicry and catalysis. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:862-880. [PMID: 37117701 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid bilayer membrane (HBM) platforms represent an emerging nanoscale bio-inspired interface that has broad implications in energy catalysis and smart molecular devices. An HBM contains multiple modular components that include an underlying inorganic surface with a biological layer appended on top. The inorganic interface serves as a support with robust mechanical properties that can also be decorated with functional moieties, sensing units and catalytic active sites. The biological layer contains lipids and membrane-bound entities that facilitate or alter the activity and selectivity of the embedded functional motifs. With their structural complexity and functional flexibility, HBMs have been demonstrated to enhance catalytic turnover frequency and regulate product selectivity of the O2 and CO2 reduction reactions, which have applications in fuel cells and electrolysers. HBMs can also steer the mechanistic pathways of proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions of quinones and metal complexes by tuning electron and proton delivery rates. Beyond energy catalysis, HBMs have been equipped with enzyme mimics and membrane-bound redox agents to recapitulate natural energy transport chains. With channels and carriers incorporated, HBM sensors can quantify transmembrane events. This Review serves to summarize the major accomplishments achieved using HBMs in the past decade.
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11
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Cutsail III GE, DeBeer S. Challenges and Opportunities for Applications of Advanced X-ray Spectroscopy in Catalysis Research. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George E. Cutsail III
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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12
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Theoretical perspective on mononuclear copper-oxygen mediated C–H and O–H activations: A comparison between biological and synthetic systems. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Geoghegan BL, Liu Y, Peredkov S, Dechert S, Meyer F, DeBeer S, Cutsail GE. Combining Valence-to-Core X-ray Emission and Cu K-edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopies to Experimentally Assess Oxidation State in Organometallic Cu(I)/(II)/(III) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2520-2534. [PMID: 35050605 PMCID: PMC8855422 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A series of organometallic
copper complexes in formal oxidation
states ranging from +1 to +3 have been characterized by a combination
of Cu K-edge X-ray absorption (XAS) and Cu Kβ valence-to-core
X-ray emission spectroscopies (VtC XES). Each formal oxidation state
exhibits distinctly different XAS and VtC XES transition energies
due to the differences in the Cu Zeff, concomitant with
changes in physical oxidation state from +1 to +2 to +3. Herein, we
demonstrate the sensitivity of XAS and VtC XES to the physical oxidation
states of a series of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligated organocopper
complexes. We then extend these methods to the study of the [Cu(CF3)4]− ion. Complemented by computational
methods, the observed spectral transitions are correlated with the
electronic structure of the complexes and the Cu Zeff.
These calculations demonstrate that a contraction of the Cu 1s orbitals
to deeper binding energy upon oxidation of the Cu center manifests
spectroscopically as a stepped increase in the energy of both XAS
and Kβ2,5 emission features with increasing formal
oxidation state within the [Cun+(NHC2)]n+ series. The newly synthesized Cu(III) cation
[CuIII(NHC4)]3+ exhibits spectroscopic
features and an electronic structure remarkably similar to [Cu(CF3)4]−, supporting a physical oxidation
state assignment of low-spin d8 Cu(III) for [Cu(CF3)4]−. Combining XAS and VtC XES
further demonstrates the necessity of combining multiple spectroscopies
when investigating the electronic structures of highly covalent copper
complexes, providing a template for future investigations into both
synthetic and biological metal centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise L. Geoghegan
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sergey Peredkov
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - George E. Cutsail
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
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14
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Gerz I, Jannuzzi SAV, Hylland KT, Negri C, Wragg DS, Øien‐Ødegaard S, Tilset M, Olsbye U, DeBeer S, Amedjkouh M. Structural Elucidation, Aggregation, and Dynamic Behaviour of
N,N,N,N
‐Copper(I) Schiff Base Complexes in Solid and in Solution: A Combined NMR, X‐ray Spectroscopic and Crystallographic Investigation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021; 2021:4762-4775. [PMID: 35874966 PMCID: PMC9298233 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of Cu(I) complexes of bidentate or tetradentate Schiff base ligands bearing either 1‐H‐imidazole or pyridine moieties were synthesized. The complexes were studied by a combination of NMR and X‐ray spectroscopic techniques. The differences between the imidazole‐ and pyridine‐based ligands were examined by 1H, 13C and 15N NMR spectroscopy. The magnitude of the 15Nimine coordination shifts was found to be strongly affected by the nature of the heterocycle in the complexes. These trends showed good correlation with the obtained Cu−Nimine bond lengths from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction measurements. Variable‐temperature NMR experiments, in combination with diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) revealed that one of the complexes underwent a temperature‐dependent interconversion between a monomer, a dimer and a higher aggregate. The complexes bearing tetradentate imidazole ligands were further studied using Cu K‐edge XAS and VtC XES, where DFT‐assisted assignment of spectral features suggested that these complexes may form polynuclear oligomers in solid state. Additionally, the Cu(II) analogue of one of the complexes was incorporated into a metal‐organic framework (MOF) as a way to obtain discrete, mononuclear complexes in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Gerz
- Department of Chemistry University of Oslo P. O. Box 1033 Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology University of Oslo P.O. Box 1126 Blindern 0316 Oslo Norway
| | | | - Knut T. Hylland
- Department of Chemistry University of Oslo P. O. Box 1033 Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology University of Oslo P.O. Box 1126 Blindern 0316 Oslo Norway
| | - Chiara Negri
- Department of Chemistry University of Oslo P. O. Box 1033 Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology University of Oslo P.O. Box 1126 Blindern 0316 Oslo Norway
| | - David S. Wragg
- Department of Chemistry University of Oslo P. O. Box 1033 Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology University of Oslo P.O. Box 1126 Blindern 0316 Oslo Norway
| | - Sigurd Øien‐Ødegaard
- Department of Chemistry University of Oslo P. O. Box 1033 Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology University of Oslo P.O. Box 1126 Blindern 0316 Oslo Norway
| | - Mats Tilset
- Department of Chemistry University of Oslo P. O. Box 1033 Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology University of Oslo P.O. Box 1126 Blindern 0316 Oslo Norway
| | - Unni Olsbye
- Department of Chemistry University of Oslo P. O. Box 1033 Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology University of Oslo P.O. Box 1126 Blindern 0316 Oslo Norway
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Mohamed Amedjkouh
- Department of Chemistry University of Oslo P. O. Box 1033 Blindern 0315 Oslo Norway
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology University of Oslo P.O. Box 1126 Blindern 0316 Oslo Norway
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15
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Wang CH, DeBeer S. Structure, reactivity, and spectroscopy of nitrogenase-related synthetic and biological clusters. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8743-8761. [PMID: 34159992 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00381j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of dinitrogen (N2) is essential for its incorporation into nucleic acids and amino acids, which are vital to life on earth. Nitrogenases convert atmospheric dinitrogen to two ammonia molecules (NH3) under ambient conditions. The catalytic active sites of these enzymes (known as FeM-cofactor clusters, where M = Mo, V, Fe) are the sites of N2 binding and activation and have been a source of great interest for chemists for decades. In this review, recent studies on nitrogenase-related synthetic molecular complexes and biological clusters are discussed, with a focus on their reactivity and spectroscopic characterization. The molecular models that are discussed span from simple mononuclear iron complexes to multinuclear iron complexes and heterometallic iron complexes. In addition, recent work on the extracted biological cofactors is discussed. An emphasis is placed on how these studies have contributed towards our understanding of the electronic structure and mechanism of nitrogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hao Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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16
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Hayama S, Boada R, Chaboy J, Birt A, Duller G, Cahill L, Freeman A, Amboage M, Keenan L, Diaz-Moreno S. Photon-in/photon-out spectroscopy at the I20-scanning beamline at diamond light source. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:284003. [PMID: 33957610 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abfe93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A scanning multi-crystal x-ray emission spectrometer to perform photon-in/photon-out spectroscopy at the I20-Scanning beamline at Diamond Light Source is described. The instrument, equipped with three analyzer crystals, is based on a 1 m Rowland circle spectrometer operating in the vertical plane. The energy resolution of the spectrometer is of the order of 1 eV, having sufficient resolving power to overcome the core-hole lifetime broadening of most of the transition metalsK-edges. Examples showing the capability of the beamline for performing high energy resolution fluorescence detection x-ray absorption spectroscopy (HERFD-XAS), non-resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy are presented. The comparison of the Zn and MnK-edge HERFD-XANES of ZnO and MnO withab initiocalculations shows that the technique provides enhanced validation of the models by making subtle spectral features more visible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusaku Hayama
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Boada
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Chaboy
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Birt
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Duller
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Leo Cahill
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Freeman
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Amboage
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Keenan
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Diaz-Moreno
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
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17
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Mathe Z, McCubbin Stepanic O, Peredkov S, DeBeer S. Phosphorus Kβ X-ray emission spectroscopy detects non-covalent interactions of phosphate biomolecules in situ. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7888-7901. [PMID: 34168842 PMCID: PMC8188515 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01266e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus is ubiquitous in biochemistry, being found in the phosphate groups of nucleic acids and the energy-transferring system of adenine nucleotides (e.g. ATP). Kβ X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) of phosphorus has been largely unexplored, with no previous applications to biomolecules. Here, the potential of P Kβ XES to study phosphate-containing biomolecules, including ATP and NADPH, is evaluated, as is the application of the technique to aqueous solution samples. P Kβ spectra offer a detailed picture of phosphate valence electronic structure, reporting on subtle non-covalent effects, such as hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions, that are key to enzymatic catalysis. Spectral features are interpreted using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and potential applications to the study of biological energy conversion are highlighted. Phosphorus X-ray emission spectroscopy probes non-covalent interactions and electronic structure of phosphate biomolecules in both solid and solution samples.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Mathe
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34-36 D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Olivia McCubbin Stepanic
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34-36 D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Sergey Peredkov
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34-36 D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34-36 D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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18
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Phu PN, Gutierrez CE, Kundu S, Sokaras D, Kroll T, Warren TH, Stieber SCE. Quantification of Ni-N-O Bond Angles and NO Activation by X-ray Emission Spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:736-744. [PMID: 33373520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of β-diketiminate Ni-NO complexes with a range of NO binding modes and oxidation states were studied by X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES). The results demonstrate that XES can directly probe and distinguish end-on vs side-on NO coordination modes as well as one-electron NO reduction. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the transition from the NO 2s2s σ* orbital has higher intensity for end-on NO coordination than for side-on NO coordination, whereas the 2s2s σ orbital has lower intensity. XES calculations in which the Ni-N-O bond angle was fixed over the range from 80° to 176° suggest that differences in NO coordination angles of ∼10° could be experimentally distinguished. Calculations of Cu nitrite reductase (NiR) demonstrate the utility of XES for characterizing NO intermediates in metalloenzymes. This work shows the capability of XES to distinguish NO coordination modes and oxidation states at Ni and highlights applications in quantifying small molecule activation in enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phan N Phu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California 91768, United States
| | - Carlos E Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California 91768, United States
| | - Subrata Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States.,School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Timothy H Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - S Chantal E Stieber
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California 91768, United States
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19
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Lim H, Baker ML, Cowley RE, Kim S, Bhadra M, Siegler MA, Kroll T, Sokaras D, Weng TC, Biswas DR, Dooley DM, Karlin KD, Hedman B, Hodgson KO, Solomon EI. Kβ X-ray Emission Spectroscopy as a Probe of Cu(I) Sites: Application to the Cu(I) Site in Preprocessed Galactose Oxidase. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:16567-16581. [PMID: 33136386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cu(I) active sites in metalloproteins are involved in O2 activation, but their O2 reactivity is difficult to study due to the Cu(I) d10 closed shell which precludes the use of conventional spectroscopic methods. Kβ X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) is a promising technique for investigating Cu(I) sites as it detects photons emitted by electronic transitions from occupied orbitals. Here, we demonstrate the utility of Kβ XES in probing Cu(I) sites in model complexes and a metalloprotein. Using Cu(I)Cl, emission features from double-ionization (DI) states are identified using varying incident X-ray photon energies, and a reasonable method to correct the data to remove DI contributions is presented. Kβ XES spectra of Cu(I) model complexes, having biologically relevant N/S ligands and different coordination numbers, are compared and analyzed, with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, to evaluate the sensitivity of the spectral features to the ligand environment. While the low-energy Kβ2,5 emission feature reflects the ionization energy of ligand np valence orbitals, the high-energy Kβ2,5 emission feature corresponds to transitions from molecular orbitals (MOs) having mainly Cu 3d character with the intensities determined by ligand-mediated d-p mixing. A Kβ XES spectrum of the Cu(I) site in preprocessed galactose oxidase (GOpre) supports the 1Tyr/2His structural model that was determined by our previous X-ray absorption spectroscopy and DFT study. The high-energy Kβ2,5 emission feature in the Cu(I)-GOpre data has information about the MO containing mostly Cu 3dx2-y2 character that is the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) for O2 activation, which shows the potential of Kβ XES in probing the Cu(I) FMO associated with small-molecule activation in metalloproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongtaek Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael L Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ryan E Cowley
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sunghee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Mayukh Bhadra
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Tsu-Chien Weng
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Dalia R Biswas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - David M Dooley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States.,University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Kenneth D Karlin
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Britt Hedman
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Keith O Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Edward I Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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20
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Negri C, Selleri T, Borfecchia E, Martini A, Lomachenko KA, Janssens TVW, Cutini M, Bordiga S, Berlier G. Structure and Reactivity of Oxygen-Bridged Diamino Dicopper(II) Complexes in Cu-Ion-Exchanged Chabazite Catalyst for NH 3-Mediated Selective Catalytic Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15884-15896. [PMID: 32830975 PMCID: PMC8011910 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The NH3-mediated selective catalytic reduction (NH3-SCR) of NOx over Cu-ion-exchanged chabazite (Cu-CHA) catalysts is the basis of the technology for abatement of NOx from diesel vehicles. A crucial step in this reaction is the activation of oxygen. Under conditions for low-temperature NH3-SCR, oxygen only reacts with CuI ions, which are present as mobile CuI diamine complexes [CuI(NH3)2]+. To determine the structure and reactivity of the species formed by oxidation of these CuI diamine complexes with oxygen at 200 °C, we have followed this reaction, using a Cu-CHA catalyst with a Si/Al ratio of 15 and 2.6 wt% Cu, by X-ray absorption spectroscopies (XANES and EXAFS) and diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy, with the support of DFT calculations and advanced EXAFS wavelet transform analysis. The results provide unprecedented direct evidence for the formation of a [Cu2(NH3)4O2]2+ mobile complex with a side-on μ-η2,η2-peroxo diamino dicopper(II) structure, accounting for 80-90% of the total Cu content. These [Cu2(NH3)4O2]2+ are completely reduced to [CuI(NH3)2]+ at 200 °C in a mixture of NO and NH3. Some N2 is formed as well, which suggests the role of the dimeric complexes in the low-temperature NH3-SCR reaction. The reaction of [Cu2(NH3)4O2]2+ complexes with NH3 leads to a partial reduction of the Cu without any formation of N2. The reaction with NO results in an almost complete reduction to CuI, under the formation of N2. This indicates that the low-temperature NH3-SCR reaction proceeds via a reaction of these complexes with NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Negri
- Department
of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University
of Turin, Via Giuria
7, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Tommaso Selleri
- Dipartimento
di Energia, Laboratorio di Catalisi e Processi
Catalitici, Politecnico
di Milano, Via La Masa 34, I-20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Borfecchia
- Department
of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University
of Turin, Via Giuria
7, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Martini
- Department
of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University
of Turin, Via Giuria
7, I-10125 Turin, Italy
- Smart
Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal
University, Sladkova
Street 174/28, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Kirill A. Lomachenko
- European
Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Michele Cutini
- Department
of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University
of Turin, Via Giuria
7, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Bordiga
- Department
of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University
of Turin, Via Giuria
7, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Gloria Berlier
- Department
of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University
of Turin, Via Giuria
7, I-10125 Turin, Italy
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21
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McCubbin Stepanic O, Ward J, Penner-Hahn JE, Deb A, Bergmann U, DeBeer S. Probing a Silent Metal: A Combined X-ray Absorption and Emission Spectroscopic Study of Biologically Relevant Zinc Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13551-13560. [PMID: 32893611 PMCID: PMC7509839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As the second most common transition metal in the human body, zinc is of great interest to research but has few viable routes for its direct structural study in biological systems. Herein, Zn valence-to-core X-ray emission spectroscopy (VtC XES) and Zn K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) are presented as a means to understand the local structure of zinc in biological systems through the application of these methods to a series of biologically relevant molecular model complexes. Taken together, the Zn K-edge XAS and VtC XES provide a means to establish the ligand identity, local geometry, and metal-ligand bond lengths. Experimental results are supported by correlation with density-functional-theory-based calculations. Combining these theoretical and experimental approaches will enable future applications to protein systems in a predictive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia McCubbin Stepanic
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jesse Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - James E Penner-Hahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Aniruddha Deb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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22
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Castillo RG, Henthorn JT, McGale J, Maganas D, DeBeer S. Kβ X-Ray Emission Spectroscopic Study of a Second-Row Transition Metal (Mo) and Its Application to Nitrogenase-Related Model Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12965-12975. [PMID: 32363668 PMCID: PMC7496169 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) in the Kβ (3p-1s) and valence-to-core (valence-1s) regions has been increasingly used to study metal active sites in (bio)inorganic chemistry and catalysis, providing information about the metal spin state, oxidation state and the identity of coordinated ligands. However, to date this technique has been limited almost exclusively to first-row transition metals. In this work, we present an extension of Kβ XES (in both the 4p-1s and valence-to-1s [or VtC] regions) to the second transition row by performing a detailed experimental and theoretical analysis of the molybdenum emission lines. It is demonstrated in this work that Kβ2 lines are dominated by spin state effects, while VtC XES of a 4d transition metal provides access to metal oxidation state and ligand identity. An extension of Mo Kβ XES to nitrogenase-relevant model complexes shows that the method is sufficiently sensitive to act as a spectator probe for redox events that are localized at the Fe atoms. Mo VtC XES thus has promise for future applications to nitrogenase, as well as a range of other Mo-containing biological cofactors. Further, the clear assignment of the origins of Mo VtC XES features opens up the possibility of applying this method to a wide range of second-row transition metals, thus providing chemists with a site-specific tool for the elucidation of 4d transition metal electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca G. Castillo
- Department of Inorganic SpectroscopyMax Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstrasse 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Justin T. Henthorn
- Department of Inorganic SpectroscopyMax Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstrasse 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Jeremy McGale
- Department of Inorganic SpectroscopyMax Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstrasse 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Dimitrios Maganas
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Department of Inorganic SpectroscopyMax Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstrasse 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
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23
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Castillo RG, Henthorn JT, McGale J, Maganas D, DeBeer S. Kβ X‐Ray Emission Spectroscopic Study of a Second‐Row Transition Metal (Mo) and Its Application to Nitrogenase‐Related Model Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca G. Castillo
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Justin T. Henthorn
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Jeremy McGale
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Dimitrios Maganas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstrasse 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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Holden WM, Jahrman EP, Govind N, Seidler GT. Probing Sulfur Chemical and Electronic Structure with Experimental Observation and Quantitative Theoretical Prediction of Kα and Valence-to-Core Kβ X-ray Emission Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5415-5434. [PMID: 32486638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An extensive experimental and theoretical study of the Kα and Kβ high-resolution X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) of sulfur-bearing systems is presented. This study encompasses a wide range of organic and inorganic compounds, including numerous experimental spectra from both prior published work and new measurements. Employing a linear-response time-dependent density functional theory (LR-TDDFT) approach, strong quantitative agreement is found in the calculation of energy shifts of the core-to-core Kα as well as the full range of spectral features in the valence-to-core Kβ spectrum. The ability to accurately calculate the sulfur Kα energy shift supports the use of sulfur Kα XES as a bulk-sensitive tool for assessing sulfur speciation. The fine structure of the sulfur Kβ spectrum, in conjunction with the theoretical results, is shown to be sensitive to the local electronic structure including effects of symmetry, ligand type and number, and, in the case of organosulfur compounds, to the nature of the bonded organic moiety. This agreement between theory and experiment, augmented by the potential for high-access XES measurements with the latest generation of laboratory-based spectrometers, demonstrates the possibility of broad analytical use of XES for sulfur and nearby third-row elements. The effective solution of the forward problem, i.e., successful prediction of detailed spectra from known molecular structure, also suggests future use of supervised machine learning approaches to experimental inference, as has seen recent interest for interpretation of X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES).
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Holden
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Evan P Jahrman
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Gerald T Seidler
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Levin N, Peredkov S, Weyhermüller T, Rüdiger O, Pereira NB, Grötzsch D, Kalinko A, DeBeer S. Ruthenium 4d-to-2p X-ray Emission Spectroscopy: A Simultaneous Probe of the Metal and the Bound Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8272-8283. [PMID: 32390417 PMCID: PMC7298721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
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Ruthenium 4d-to-2p
X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) was systematically
explored for a series of Ru2+ and Ru3+ species.
Complementary density functional theory calculations were utilized
to allow for a detailed assignment of the experimental spectra. The
studied complexes have a range of different coordination spheres,
which allows the influence of the ligand donor/acceptor properties
on the spectra to be assessed. Similarly, the contributions of the
site symmetry and the oxidation state of the metal were analyzed.
Because the 4d-to-2p emission lines are dipole-allowed, the spectral
features are intense. Furthermore, in contrast with K- or L-edge X-ray
absorption of 4d transition metals, which probe the unoccupied levels,
the observed 4p-to-2p XES arises from electrons in filled-ligand-
and filled-metal-based orbitals, thus providing simultaneous access
to the ligand and metal contributions to bonding. As such, 4d-to-2p
XES should be a promising tool for the study of a wide range of 4d
transition-metal compounds. Ruthenium 4d-to-2p
XES was applied to a series of molecular
Ru complexes with varied coordination environment, oxidation state
and site symmetry. Through correlations to calculations, it is demonstrated
the Ru 4d-to-2p XES provides a unique probe of both the filled ligand np and filled metal 4d orbitals, providing a promising new
tool for the study of a wide range of 4d transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Levin
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Sergey Peredkov
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Thomas Weyhermüller
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Olaf Rüdiger
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Nilson B Pereira
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Daniel Grötzsch
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik (IOAP), TU-Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Kalinko
- Universität Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.,DESY Photon Science, Notkestrasse 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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26
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Wu P, Fan F, Song J, Peng W, Liu J, Li C, Cao Z, Wang B. Theory Demonstrated a "Coupled" Mechanism for O 2 Activation and Substrate Hydroxylation by Binuclear Copper Monooxygenases. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19776-19789. [PMID: 31746191 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiscale simulations have been performed to address the longstanding issue of "dioxygen activation" by the binuclear copper monooxygenases (PHM and DβM), which have been traditionally classified as "noncoupled" binuclear copper enzymes. Our QM/MM calculations rule out that CuM(II)-O2• is an active species for H-abstraction from the substrate. In contrast, CuM(II)-O2• would abstract an H atom from the cosubstrate ascorbate to form a CuM(II)-OOH intermediate in PHM and DβM. Consistent with the recently reported structural features of DβM, the umbrella sampling shows that the "open" conformation of the CuM(II)-OOH intermediate could readily transform into the "closed" conformation in PHM, in which we located a mixed-valent μ-hydroperoxodicopper(I,II) intermediate, (μ-OOH)Cu(I)Cu(II). The subsequent O-O cleavage and OH moiety migration to CuH generate the unexpected species (μ-O•)(μ-OH)Cu(II)Cu(II), which is revealed to be the reactive intermediate responsible for substrate hydroxylation. We also demonstrate that the flexible Met ligand is favorable for O-O cleavage reactions, while the replacement of Met with the strongly bound His ligand would inhibit the O-O cleavage reactivity. As such, the study not only demonstrates a "coupled" mechanism for O2 activation by binuclear copper monooxygenases but also deciphers the full catalytic cycle of PHM and DβM in accord with the available experimental data. These findings of O2 activation and substrate hydroxylation by binuclear copper monooxygenases could expand our understanding of the reactivities of the synthetic monocopper complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 360015 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- College of Chemistry, and Institute of Green Catalysis , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 360015 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 360015 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunsen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry , Xiamen , Fujian 361005 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zexing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 360015 , People's Republic of China
| | - Binju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 360015 , People's Republic of China
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