1
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Wu P, Liang X, Wang H, Wang Z, Niu Y, Dong Z, Yin L, He C, Xu F, Li H, Tang H. Structurally diverse design and synthesis of novel 2-phenylindole amide derivatives with anti-canine breast cancer activity. Bioorg Chem 2024; 153:107788. [PMID: 39265524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer stands as the cancer with the highest incidence and mortality rates among women globally, in which triple-negative breast cancer has been ranked as the most difficult one. Bazedoxifene (BZA), a third-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), has been exhibited notable inhibitory effect on both hormone-dependent breast cancer cells and triple-negative breast cancer cells, but showing very low in vivo effeacy. In order to obtain more effective antitumor derivatives than BZA, we have employed a structurally diverse design and synthesis of 57 novel 2-phenylindole amides for detecting their cytotoxities against triple-negative mammary cancer cell line, CMT-7364. Among them, 21 compounds demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against CMT-7364 cells (IC50 < 20 μM). Notably, compound 49 stood out, displaying both similar tumor cell inhibition (20 % reduce in IC50 value) and higher selectivity (4.6 times higher in SI value), compared to Bazedoxifene. Additionally, compound 49 exhibited desirable antitumor effects in a CMT-7364 cell-derived mouse in vivo model, achieving the best inhibition rate of 43.1 % and establishing strong molecular bonding with GP130. Our findings are also supported by comprehensive SAR and 3D-QSAR analyses. Furthermore, the best potent compound 49 was determined to block the cell cycle of canine breast cancer cells in the G0G1 phase in a time-dependent manner, by inducing apoptosis and autophagy. In conclusion, this work presents a valuable lead compound as a potential GP130 inhibitor against triple-negative breast cancer cell lines, laying the foundation for further antitumor drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Pharmacy department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Pharmacy department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Han Wang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Pharmacy department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Pharmacy department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yan Niu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Pharmacy department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhenghua Dong
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Pharmacy department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Pharmacy department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Pharmacy department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Funeng Xu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Pharmacy department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Haohuan Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Pharmacy department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Pharmacy department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
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2
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Liu S, Liu Q, Cheng L, Liu L. Construction of 2-Substituted-3-aryl Benzofurans and Indoles through an Acid-Catalyzed Cascade Intramolecular Friedel-Crafts Reaction/Rearrangement/Aromatization Process. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11716-11726. [PMID: 39066704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
We present here a new method for the synthesis of 2-substituted-3-aryl benzoheterocycles through a more challenging constrained [1,5]-type Friedel-Crafts reaction/rearrangement and aromatization process. By using the readily available 2-aryoxy-1,3-indandiones and 2-arylamino-1,3-indandiones, a range of 2-substituted-3-aryl benzofurans and indoles were prepared in good to excellent yields (yields up to 86%) under the catalysis of CF3SO3H or Sm(OTf)3. Compared with previous methods for constructing similar structures, this approach offers several advantages, including the use of easily accessible starting materials, mild reaction conditions, high yield, excellent regio- and diastereoselectivity, and a broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Zheng Y, Chen C, Lu Y, Huang S. Recent advances in electrochemically enabled construction of indoles from non-indole-based substrates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8516-8525. [PMID: 39036971 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03040k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Indole motifs are important heterocycles found in natural products, pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and materials. Although there are well-established classical name reactions for indole synthesis, these transformations often require harsh reaction conditions, have a limited substrate scope, and exhibit poor regioselectivity. As a result, organic synthesis chemists have been exploring efficient and practical methods, leading to numerous strategies for synthesizing a variety of functionalized indoles. In recent years, electrochemistry has emerged as an environmentally friendly and sustainable synthetic tool, with widespread applications in organic synthesis. This technology allows for elegant synthetic routes to be developed for the construction of indoles under external oxidant-free conditions. This feature article specifically focuses on recent advancements in indole synthesis from non-indole-based substrates, as well as the mechanisms underlying these transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Chunxi Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yanju Lu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Shenlin Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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4
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Chen Z, Hao S, Li H, Dong X, Chen X, Yuan J, Sidorenko A, Huang J, Gu Y. Dipolar Microenvironment Engineering Enabled by Electron Beam Irradiation for Boosting Catalytic Performance. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401562. [PMID: 38860673 PMCID: PMC11321705 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Creating a diverse dipolar microenvironment around the active site is of great significance for the targeted induction of intermediate behaviors to achieve complicated chemical transformations. Herein, an efficient and general strategy is reported to construct hypercross-linked polymers (HCPs) equipped with tunable dipolar microenvironments by knitting arene monomers together with dipolar functional groups into porous network skeletons. Benefiting from the electron beam irradiation modification technique, the catalytic sites are anchored in an efficient way in the vicinity of the microenvironment, which effectively facilitates the processing of the reactants delivered to the catalytic sites. By varying the composition of the microenvironment scaffold structure, the contact and interaction behavior with the reaction participants can be tuned, thereby affecting the catalytic activity and selectivity. As a result, the framework catalysts produced in this way exhibit excellent catalytic performance in the synthesis of glycinate esters and indole derivatives. This manipulation is reminiscent of enzymatic catalysis, which adjusts the internal polarity environment and controls the output of products by altering the scaffold structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Chen
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology1037 Luoyu RoadHongshan DistrictWuhan430074China
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and StorageMinistry of EducationHubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service FailureHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Shuai Hao
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology1037 Luoyu RoadHongshan DistrictWuhan430074China
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and StorageMinistry of EducationHubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service FailureHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Haozhe Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology1037 Luoyu RoadHongshan DistrictWuhan430074China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Xiaohan Dong
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology1037 Luoyu RoadHongshan DistrictWuhan430074China
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and StorageMinistry of EducationHubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service FailureHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Xihao Chen
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology1037 Luoyu RoadHongshan DistrictWuhan430074China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Jushigang Yuan
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology1037 Luoyu RoadHongshan DistrictWuhan430074China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Alexander Sidorenko
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials of National Academy of Sciences of BelarusMinsk220084Belarus
| | - Jiang Huang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology1037 Luoyu RoadHongshan DistrictWuhan430074China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Yanlong Gu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology1037 Luoyu RoadHongshan DistrictWuhan430074China
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and StorageMinistry of EducationHubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service FailureHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
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5
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Gao T, An Q, Tang X, Yue Q, Zhang Y, Li B, Li P, Jin Z. Recent progress in energy-saving electrocatalytic hydrogen production via regulating the anodic oxidation reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:19606-19624. [PMID: 39011574 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01680g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen energy with its advantages of high calorific value, renewable nature, and zero carbon emissions is considered an ideal candidate for clean energy in the future. The electrochemical decomposition of water, powered by renewable and clean energy sources, presents a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to hydrogen production. However, the traditional electrochemical overall water-splitting reaction (OWSR) is limited by the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with sluggish kinetics. Although important advances have been made in efficient OER catalysts, the theoretical thermodynamic difficulty predetermines the inevitable large potential (1.23 V vs. RHE for the OER) and high energy consumption for the conventional water electrolysis to obtain H2. Besides, the generation of reactive oxygen species at high oxidation potentials can lead to equipment degradation and increase maintenance costs. Therefore, to address these challenges, thermodynamically favorable anodic oxidation reactions with lower oxidation potentials than the OER are used to couple with the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) to construct new coupling hydrogen production systems. Meanwhile, a series of robust catalysts applied in these new coupled systems are exploited to improve the energy conversion efficiency of hydrogen production. Besides, the electrochemical neutralization energy (ENE) of the asymmetric electrolytes with a pH gradient can further promote the decrease in application voltage and energy consumption for hydrogen production. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the advancements in electrochemical hydrogen production strategies with low energy consumption, including (1) the traditional electrochemical overall water splitting reaction (OWSR, HER-OER); (2) the small molecule sacrificial agent oxidation reaction (SAOR) and (3) the electrochemical oxidation synthesis reaction (EOSR) coupling with the HER (HER-SAOR, HER-EOSR), respectively; (4) regulating the pH gradient of the cathodic and anodic electrolytes. The operating principle, advantages, and the latest progress of these hydrogen production systems are analyzed in detail. In particular, the recent progress in the catalytic materials applied to these coupled systems and the corresponding catalytic mechanism are further discussed. Furthermore, we also provide a perspective on the potential challenges and future directions to foster advancements in electrocatalytic green sustainable hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Gao
- Institute for Advanced Study and School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P. R. China
| | - Qi An
- Institute for Advanced Study and School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P. R. China
| | - Xiangmin Tang
- Institute for Advanced Study and School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P. R. China
| | - Qu Yue
- Institute for Advanced Study and School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Study and School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P. R. China
| | - Bing Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, P. R. China
| | - Panpan Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyu Jin
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China.
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6
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Anderson DE, Truong AHN, Hevia E. Dual Basicity and Nucleophilicity of Organosodium Reagents in Benzylic C-H Additions of Toluenes to Diarylethenes and Ketones. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400492. [PMID: 38651778 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Profiting from the dual high basicity and nucleophilicity of organosodium complexes, here we report the stepwise lateral metalation of a wide range of alkyl arenes (MeAr), mediated by hydrocarbon-soluble NaCH2SiMe3 ⋅ PMDETA (PMDETA=N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine), followed by nucleophilic addition to diarylethenes of the newly generated NaCH2Ar ⋅ PMDETA complexes. This method grants access to a range of functionalised hydrocarbons in excellent yields and can be upgraded to catalytic regimes when using trans-stilbene, a 10 mol% of the alkyl sodium base and toluene as a solvent. Extending this approach to aromatic ketones leads to the formation of stilbenes under mild reaction conditions, resulting from the deprotonative coupling of toluenes with ketones. Combining spectroscopic studies with the trapping and characterisation of key reaction intermediates, mechanistic insights have been gained, advancing the understanding of coordination effects in organosodium chemistry, and shedding light on their special reactivity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Anderson
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alex H N Truong
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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7
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Li J, Tan X, Jiang H, Wu W. Base-Promoted (5 + 2) Annulation between 2-(Alkynylaryl)acetonitriles and Arylalkynes for the Synthesis of Benzocycloheptene Derivatives. Org Lett 2024; 26:5409-5414. [PMID: 38912965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a novel approach to the synthesis of benzocycloheptene derivatives via base-promoted (5 + 2) annulation between 2-(alkynylaryl)acetonitriles and arylalkynes. In this chemistry, 2-(alkynylaryl)acetonitriles are employed as a new C5 synthon to construct various benzocycloheptene(s) derivatives by building two C-C bonds in one single step. This method features excellent regioselectivity, the use of readily available starting materials, and good functional group tolerance. The practicality of the strategy was further demonstrated by gram-scale synthesis, late-stage functionalizations, and the post-modification of natural products such as probenecid and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Xiangwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
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8
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Weindl C, Hintermann L. Synthesis of Indolines via Base-Mediated C-H Activation and Defluorinative C-N Coupling, with no Need for Transition-Metals. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401034. [PMID: 38693605 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Syntheses of (partially) aromatic nitrogen heterocycles increasingly rely on transition-metal catalyzed C-C- and C-N-cross-coupling reactions. Here we describe a different approach to the synthesis of indolines by a domino C(sp3)-H activation, 1,2-addition, and defluorinative SNAr-cyclization sequence to provide the target 1,2-diarylindolines (1,2-diaryl-2,3-dihydroindoles) from ortho-fluorinated methyl-arenes and N-aryl imines (benzylidene anilines) in a cyclocondensation that is mediated by potassium hexamethyldisilazide (KHMDS) as base exclusively. This transition-metal-free process via C-H and C-F bond activation provides a one-step entry into a wide array of indoline scaffolds (43 examples, up to 96 % yield). This privileged substructure is common in natural products and pharmaceuticals alike, and cannot be accessed by traditional condensation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Weindl
- School of Natural Science, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching bei München, 85748, Germany
- TUM Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, Garching bei München, 85748, Germany
| | - Lukas Hintermann
- School of Natural Science, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching bei München, 85748, Germany
- TUM Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 1, Garching bei München, 85748, Germany
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9
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Ma R, Gu Y, Wang YE, Fei R, Xiong D, Mao J. One-Pot Synthesis of Indolin-3-ones Mediated by LiN(SiMe 3) 2/CsF. Org Lett 2024; 26:5082-5086. [PMID: 38848449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Indolin-3-ones are essential heterocycles with wide-ranging biological activities and medicinal values, and therefore, efficient approaches to their synthesis remain in demand. Herein, a novel and operationally simple method to generate indolin-3-ones is reported by using a tandem reaction of N-methylbenzylamines and methyl 2-fluorobenzoates mediated by the LiN(SiMe3)2 and CsF system (34 examples, 30-85% yields). The synthesis of C2-quaternary indolin-3-one further demonstrated the potential practicability of these tandem reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyuan Ma
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyun Gu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yan-En Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, P. R. China
| | - Rongbi Fei
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Dan Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jianyou Mao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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10
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Sreedharan R, Gandhi T. Masters of Mediation: MN(SiMe 3) 2 in Functionalization of C(sp 3)-H Latent Nucleophiles. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400435. [PMID: 38497321 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Organoalkali compounds have undergone a far-reaching transformation being a coupling partner to a mediator in unusual organic conversions which finds its spot in the field of sustainable synthesis. Transition-metal catalysis has always been the priority in C(sp3)-H bond functionalization, however alternatively, in recent times this has been seriously challenged by earth-abundant alkali metals and their complexes arriving at new sustainable organometallic reagents. In this line, the importance of MN(SiMe3)2 (M=Li, Na, K & Cs) reagent revived in C(sp3)-H bond functionalization over recent years in organic synthesis is showcased in this minireview. MN(SiMe3)2 reagent with higher reactivity, enhanced stability, and bespoke cation-π interaction have shown eye-opening mediated processes such as C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross-coupling, radical-radical cross-coupling, aminobenzylation, annulation, aroylation, and other transformations to utilize readily available petrochemical feedstocks. This article also emphasizes the unusual reactivity of MN(SiMe3)2 reagent in unreactive and robust C-X (X=O, N, F, C) bond cleavage reactions that occurred alongside the C(sp3)-H bond functionalization. Overall, this review encourages the community to exploit the untapped potential of MN(SiMe3)2 reagent and also inspires them to take up this subject to even greater heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramdas Sreedharan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thirumanavelan Gandhi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Shuai S, Mao J, Zhou F, Yan Q, Chen L, Li J, Walsh PJ, Liang G. Base-Promoted Synthesis of Isoquinolines through a Tandem Reaction of 2-Methyl-arylaldehydes and Nitriles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6793-6797. [PMID: 38691096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
A convenient method for preparing 3-aryl isoquinolines via a base-promoted tandem reaction is presented. Simply combining commercially available 2-methyl-arylaldehydes, benzonitriles, NaN(SiMe3)2, and Cs2CO3 enabled the synthesis of a variety of isoquinolines (23 examples, ≤90% yield). Among the syntheses of isoquinolines, the transition metal-free method described here is straightforward, practical, and operationally simple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Shuai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, P. R. China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jianyou Mao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, P. R. China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qifeng Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, P. R. China
| | - Lingfeng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, P. R. China
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Guang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
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12
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Ma P, Wang Y, Ma N, Wang J. Alkaline-Metal-Promoted Divergent Synthesis of 1-Aminoisoquinolines and Isoquinolines. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38193431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Alkaline-metal-promoted divergent syntheses of 1-aminoisoquinolines and isoquinolines have been reported involving 2-methylaryl aldehydes, nitriles, and LiN(SiMe3)2 as reactants. In addition, the three-component reaction of 2-methylaryl nitriles, aldehydes, and LiN(SiMe3)2 has been developed to furnish 1-aminoisoquinolines. This protocol features readily available starting materials, excellent chemoselectivity, broad substrate scope, and satisfactory yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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13
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Liu Y, Yang Z, Zou Y, Wang S, He J. Interfacial Micro-Environment of Electrocatalysis and Its Applications for Organic Electro-Oxidation Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306488. [PMID: 37712127 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Conventional designing principal of electrocatalyst is focused on the electronic structure tuning, on which effectively promotes the electrocatalysis. However, as a typical kind of electrode-electrolyte interface reaction, the electrocatalysis performance is also closely dependent on the electrocatalyst interfacial micro-environment (IME), including pH, reactant concentration, electric field, surface geometry structure, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, etc. Recently, organic electro-oxidation reaction (OEOR), which simultaneously reduces the anodic polarization potential and produces value-added chemicals, has emerged as a competitive alternative to oxygen evolution reaction, and the role IME played in OEOR is receiving great interest. Thus, this article provides a timely review on IME and its applications toward OEOR. In this review, the IME for conventional gas-involving reactions, as a contrast, is first presented, and then the recent progresses of IME toward diverse typical OEOR are summarized; especially, some representative works are thoroughly discussed. Additionally, cutting-edge analytical methods and characterization techniques are introduced to comprehensively understand the role IME played in OEOR. In the last section, perspectives and challenges of IME regulation for OEOR are shared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yuqin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuangyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Junying He
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
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14
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Chen S, Tan J, Wu H, Zhao Q, Shang Y. Base-promoted tandem synthesis of 2-azaaryl indoline. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9133-9137. [PMID: 37974521 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01444d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel tandem method to synthesize 2-azaaryl indoline promoted by LiN(SiMe3)2 from 2-azaaryl methyl amine and 2-fluoro benzyl bromides was developed. Mechanistic investigation indicated that this tandem cyclization was initiated by selective benzyl C-SN2 substitution followed by an intramolecular SNAr reaction. Diverse 2-azaaryl indoles could also be obtained via simple functional transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P.R. China.
| | - Jiahong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P.R. China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P.R. China.
| | - Quansheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P.R. China.
| | - Yongjia Shang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P.R. China.
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15
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Ma R, Wang YE, Xiong D, Mao J. A Tandem Madelung Indole Synthesis Mediated by a LiN(SiMe 3) 2/CsF System. Org Lett 2023; 25:7557-7561. [PMID: 37818792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
A tandem Madelung indole synthesis by the reaction of methyl benzoate and N-methyl-o-toluidine has been discovered. The combination of LiN(SiMe3)2 with CsF is the key factor, which secures the high efficiency of such tandem transformations. Simply combining methyl benzoate, N-methyl-o-toluidine LiN(SiMe3)2, and CsF generated a diverse array of N-methyl-2-phenylindoles (31 examples, 50-90% yields). Furthermore, the scalability and the poststructural modifications of this indole synthesis were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyuan Ma
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yan-En Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, P. R. China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jianyou Mao
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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16
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Shigeno M, Kajima A, Toyama E, Korenaga T, Yamakoshi H, Nozawa-Kumada K, Kondo Y. LiHMDS-Mediated Deprotonative Coupling of Toluenes with Ketones. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203549. [PMID: 36479733 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS) acts as an effective base for deprotonative coupling reactions of toluenes with ketones to afford stilbenes. Various functionalities (halogen, OCF3 , amide, Me, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, SMe, and SPh) are allowed on the toluenes. Notably, this system proved successful with low-reactive toluenes bearing a large pKa value compared to that of the conjugate acid of LiHMDS (hexamethyldisilazane, 25.8, THF), as demonstrated by 4-phenyltoluene (38.57, THF) and toluene itself (∼43, DMSO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Shigeno
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Akihisa Kajima
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Eito Toyama
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Korenaga
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University Ueda, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan.,Soft-Path Science and Engineering Research Center (SPERC), Iwate University, Ueda, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamakoshi
- Central Analytical Center, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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17
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Zeng C, Fang S, Guo S, Jiang H, Yang S, Wu W. Palladium-Catalyzed Tandem Nucleophilic Addition/C-H Functionalization of Anilines and Bromoalkynes for the Synthesis of 2-Phenylindoles. Org Lett 2023; 25:1409-1414. [PMID: 36857211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel and efficient palladium-catalyzed annulation of anilines with bromoalkynes for the synthesis of 2-phenylindoles has been described. This approach features excellent regio- and stereoselectivities and good functional group tolerance. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that anilines undergo anti-nucleophilic addition to bromoalkynes to generate (Z)-N-(2-bromo-1-phenylvinyl) anilines, followed by sequential C-H functionalization to deliver different substituted 2-phenylindoles. This method provides potential applications for the construction of various biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Songjia Fang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuqi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shaorong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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18
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Research progress on the structure and biological diversities of 2-phenylindole derivatives in recent 20 years. Bioorg Chem 2023; 132:106342. [PMID: 36621157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The privileged structure binds to multiple receptors with high affinity, which is helpful to the development of new bioactive compounds. Indole is classified as a privileged structure, which may be one of the most important structural categories in drug discovery. As a special subset of indole compounds, 2-phenylindole seems to be one of most promising forerunners of drug development. In this paper, 106 articles were referenced to review the structural changes, biological activities and structure-activity relationship of compounds in recent 20 years, and classified them according to their pharmacological activities, from several aspects, including anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiviral, anti-parasite, the biological activities target to central nervous system, et al. It also points out the importance of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in discovery of new 2-phenylindole compounds in a broader prospect. This review will provide some ideas for researchers to develop new indole drugs.
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19
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Du HZ, Fan JZ, Wang ZZ, Strotman NA, Yang H, Guan BT. Cesium Amide-Catalyzed Selective Deuteration of Benzylic C-H Bonds with D 2 and Application for Tritiation of Pharmaceuticals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214461. [PMID: 36289047 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) represents one of the most attractive labeling methods to synthesize deuterium- and tritium-labeled compounds. Catalytic HIE methods that enable site-selective C-H bond activation and exchange labeling with gaseous isotopes D2 and T2 are of vital importance, in particular for high-specific-activity tritiation of pharmaceuticals. As part of our interest in exploring s-block metals for catalytic transformations, we found CsN(SiMe3 )2 to be an efficient catalyst for selective HIE of benzylic C-H bonds with D2 gas. The reaction proceeds through a kinetic deprotonative equilibrium that establishes an exchange pathway between C-H bonds and D2 gas. By virtue of multiple C-H bonds activation and high activity (isotope enrichment up to 99 %), the simple cesium amide catalyst provided a very powerful and practically convenient labeling protocol for synthesis of highly deuterated compounds and high-specific-activity tritiation of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Zhen Du
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jun-Zhen Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Neil A Strotman
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
| | - Haifeng Yang
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
| | - Bing-Tao Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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20
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Zhao B, Li X, Wang X, Jiang L, Li Z, Du Y. Synthesis of 3-Haloindoles via Cascade Oxidative Cyclization/Halogenation of 2-Alkenylanilines Mediated by PIDA and LiBr/KI. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1493-1503. [PMID: 36631394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of 2-alkenylanilines with phenyliodine(III) diacetate (PIDA) and LiBr or KI in HFIP was found to afford the corresponding 3-haloindoles via cascade oxidative cyclization/halogenation encompassing oxidative C-N/C-X (X = Br, I) bond formations. A plausible mechanism involving the in situ formation of the reactive AcO-X (X = Br, I) from the reaction of PIDA and LiBr/KI was postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyue Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoxian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaofan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Luchen Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunfei Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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21
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Mathada BS, Yernale NG. Current Advances in Transition Metal-Free Access to Indoles. A Review. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2022.2151810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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22
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Sharma Y, Pawar GP, Chaudhari VD. One-Pot Domino Reaction: Direct Access to Polysubstituted 1,4-Benzothiazine 1,1-Dioxide via Water-Gas Shift Reaction Utilizing DMF/H 2O. J Org Chem 2023; 88:701-710. [PMID: 36538787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Benzothiazine 1,1-dioxide (BTDO) is a privileged chemical motif, and its metal-free domino access is in high demand. Current BTDO production methods require costly metal catalysts or harsh reaction conditions. A facile domino approach to BTDO via a water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) employing sodium 2-nitrobenzenesulfinates and α-bromo ketones is presented. This strategy is cost-effective and environmentally beneficial. The optimized reaction conditions demonstrated remarkable chemical tolerance to a wide range of electrically and sterically varied substituents on both coupling partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Sharma
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Ganesh P Pawar
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Vinod D Chaudhari
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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23
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Kou S, Huo J, Wang Y, Sun S, Xue F, Mao J, Zhang J, Chen L, Walsh PJ. Synthesis of Indoles via Domino Reactions of 2-Methoxytoluene and Nitriles. J Org Chem 2022; 88:5147-5152. [PMID: 36520533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
2-Arylindoles are privileged structures widely present in biologically active molecules. New sustainable synthetic routes toward their synthesis are, therefore, in high demand. Herein, a mixed base-promoted benzylic C-H deprotonation of commercially available ortho-anisoles, addition of the resulting anion to benzonitriles, and SNAr to displace the methoxy group provide indoles. A diverse array of 2-arylindoles is prepared with good yields (>30 examples, yields up to 99%) without added transition metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Kou
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Jingqian Huo
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Susu Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xue
- Institute of Material Physics & Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Jianyou Mao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jinlin Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Lai Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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24
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Li J, Wang H, Jin H, Xiang Z, Chen L, Walsh PJ, Liang G. Base-Promoted Tandem Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydroisoquinolones. Org Lett 2022; 24:8125-8129. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, P.R. China
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, P.R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, P.R. China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, P.R. China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, P.R. China
| | - Lingfeng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, P.R. China
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Guang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, P.R. China
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25
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Yuan Y, Gu Y, Wang YE, Zheng J, Ji J, Xiong D, Xue F, Mao J. One-Pot Rapid Access to Benzyl Silanes, Germanes, and Stannanes from Toluenes Mediated by a LiN(SiMe 3) 2/CsCl System. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13907-13918. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyun Gu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yan-En Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, P. R. China
| | - Jiali Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Ji
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Dan Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xue
- Institute of Material Physics & Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Jianyou Mao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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26
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Liu H, Xing R, Ren K, Xue F, Feng C. α-Iminyl Cation-Involved Indole Construction via Brønsted Acid-Promoted Reaction of Isoxazol-5-ones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11226-11230. [PMID: 35901265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a strategically novel method for the efficient construction of indole skeletons using 2-phenylisoxazol-5-ones as the starting material. This reaction proceeds via Brønsted acid-promoted α-iminyl cation generation by N-O bond cleavage and a subsequent intramolecular cyclization to afford 1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid, which further undergoes decarboxylation to yield the final product. Control experiments show that N-O bond cleavage and intramolecular cyclization proceed so fast that the 1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid could be isolated in high yields even after 5-10 min. The substrate scope of this transformation is broad, and the desired products are obtained in moderate to good yields. The transition-metal-free reaction condition, CO2 as the sole byproduct, and good practicability add to the synthetic potential of this transformation in the pharmaceutical and flavor industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Liu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Renyi Xing
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Kewei Ren
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xue
- Institute of Material Physics & Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Chao Feng
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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27
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Sreedharan R, Pal PK, Panyam PKR, Priyakumar UD, Gandhi T. Synthesis of α‐aryl ketones by harnessing the non‐innocence of toluene and its derivatives: Enhancing the acidity of methyl arenes by a Brønsted base and their mechanistic aspects. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramdas Sreedharan
- Vellore Institute of Technology: VIT University Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences INDIA
| | - Pradeep Kumar Pal
- International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad Centre for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics INDIA
| | - Pradeep Kumar Reddy Panyam
- Vellore Institute of Technology: VIT University Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences INDIA
| | - U Deva Priyakumar
- International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad Centre for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics INDIA
| | - Thirumanavelan Gandhi
- VIT University Materials Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences VIT University 632014 Vellore INDIA
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28
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Wen Q, Lin Y, Yang Y, Gao R, Ouyang N, Ding D, Liu Y, Zhai T. In Situ Chalcogen Leaching Manipulates Reactant Interface toward Efficient Amine Electrooxidation. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9572-9582. [PMID: 35679123 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Engineering the reaction interface is necessary for advancing various electrocatalytic processes. However, most designed catalysts tend to be ineffective due to the inevitable structural reconstruction. Here we utilize that operando electrocatalysis variations (i.e., chalcogen leaching) manipulate the reactant interface toward amine electrooxidation. Taking chalcogen-doped Ni(OH)2 as an example, operando techniques uncover that chalcogens leach from the matrix and then adsorb on the surface of NiOOH as chalcogenates during the electrooxidation process. The charged chalcogenates will induce the local electric field that pushes the polar amines through the inner Helmholtz plane to enrich on the catalyst surface. Meanwhile, the polarization effect of chalcogenates and amines boost amino C-N bond activation for dehydrogenation into nitrile C≡N bonds. Under the promotion effect of surface-adsorbed chalcogenate ions, our catalysts display over 99.5% propionitrile selectivity at the low potential of 1.317 V with an ultrahigh current density. This finding highlights the use of operando changes of catalysts to rationally design efficient catalysts and further clarifies the underlying role of chalcogen atoms in the electrooxidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunlei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanqiu Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Defang Ding
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Youwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
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29
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Wang B, Li M, Gao G, Sanz-Vidal A, Zheng B, Walsh PJ. Synthesis of Tryptamines from Radical Cyclization of 2-Iodoaryl Allenyl Amines and Coupling with 2-Azallyls. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8099-8103. [PMID: 35675635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of tryptamines is developed. Indole structures were constructed using 2-iodoaryl allenyl amines as electron acceptors and radical cyclization precursors. Radical-radical coupling of indolyl methyl radicals and azaallyl radicals led to the tryptamine derivatives. The utility and versatility of this method are showcased by the synthesis of 22 examples of tryptamines in ≤88% yield. In each case, indole formation is accompanied by in situ removal of the Boc protecting group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Minyan Li
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Gui Gao
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Alvaro Sanz-Vidal
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Bing Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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30
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Huo J, Chen L, Si H, Yuan S, Li J, Dong H, Hu S, Huo J, Kou S, Xiong D, Mao J, Zhang J. 2-Arylindoles: Concise Syntheses and a Privileged Scaffold for Fungicide Discovery. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6982-6992. [PMID: 35658436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Indole is a popular and functional scaffold existing widely in the fields of medicine, pesticides, spices, food and feed additives, dyes, and many others. Among indoles, 2-arylindole represents a particular and interesting subset but has attracted less attention for drug discovery. In this study, we report a general, practical one-pot assembly of a variety of 2-arylindole derivatives. To develop novel fungicide scaffolds, their fungicide activity was also evaluated. The bioassay results showed that many of the synthesized 2-arylindoles exhibited considerable fungicidal activities especially toward Rhizoctonia cerealis, and several demonstrated an inhibition rate of more than 90%. Notably, 4-fluoro-2-phenyl-1H-indole 6e was obtained with a broad spectrum of fungicidal activities, which showed excellent growth inhibition activities against R. cerealis, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Magnaporthe oryza, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with EC50 values of 2.31, 4.98, 6.78, 10.57, and 17.80 μg/mL, respectively. Preliminary fungicidal mode of action of 6e showed a significant inhibition effect on mycelial growth and spore germination. These results indicated that 2-arylindoles as privileged scaffolds exhibited potential fungicidal activities that deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqian Huo
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Lai Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Helong Si
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Shitao Yuan
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Haijiao Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Jinglei Huo
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Song Kou
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engi-neering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jianyou Mao
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engi-neering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jinlin Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
- Biological Control Center of Plant Diseases and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
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31
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He D, Wang B, Duan K, Zhou Y, Li M, Jiang H, Wu W. Synthesis of Densely Substituted Pyridine Derivatives from 1-Methyl-1,3-(ar)enynes and Nitriles by a Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition Reaction. Org Lett 2022; 24:1292-1297. [PMID: 35112870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An attractive method for assembling densely substituted pyridine derivatives from 1-methyl-1,3-(ar)enynes and nitriles via a formal [4+2] cycloaddition has been established. The well-balanced affinities of two alkali metal salts enable C(sp3)-H bond activation and excellent chemo- and regioselectivities. Experimental studies revealed that nitrile functions only as a partial nitrogen source for pyridine synthesis, and the addition of a metalated imine intermediate to an intramolecular alkyne is the rate-limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Kanghui Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
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32
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Zhang Y, Huang Y, Yu K, Zhang X, Yu W, Tang J, Tian Y, Wei W, Zhang Z, Liang T. Iron–iodine co-catalysis towards tandem C–N/C–C bond formation: one-pot regioselective synthesis of 2-amino-3-alkylindoles. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01329k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient intermolecular C2,3-H aminoalkylation of indoles with 9H-xanthenes and azoles via iron–iodine co-catalyzed tandem C–N/C–C bond formation has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Yating Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Kewei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Jiale Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Yiran Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Wanxing Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Zhuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Taoyuan Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
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33
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Xu X, Ou M, Wang YE, Lin T, Xiong D, Xue F, Walsh P, Mao J. Alkali-Amide Controlled Selective Synthesis of 7-Azaindole and 7-Azaindoline through Domino Reactions of 2-Fluoro-3-methylpyridine and Aldehydes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00339b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Azaindoles and azaindolines are important core structures in pharmaceuticals and natural products, which have found wide applications in the field of medicinal chemistrty. In this study, we developed a novel...
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34
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Cai C, Zou D. Recent Progress in Benzylic C(sp 3)—H Functionalization of Toluene and Its Derivatives. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202201027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Yang X, Wang G, Ye ZS. Palladium-catalyzed nucleomethylation of alkynes for synthesis of methylated heteroaromatic compounds. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10095-10102. [PMID: 36128232 PMCID: PMC9430495 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03294e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we disclosed a novel and efficient palladium-catalyzed nucleomethylation of alkynes for the simultaneous construction of the heteroaromatic ring and methyl group. The 3-methylindoles, 3-methylbenzofurans and 4-methylisoquinolines were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. Notably, this methodology was employed as a key step for synthesis of a pregnane X receptor antagonist, zindoxifene, bazedoxifene and AFN-1252. The kinetic studies revealed that reductive elimination might be the rate-determining step. A novel palladium-catalyzed nucleomethylation of alkynes is developed, affording 3-methylindoles, 3-methylbenzofurans and 4-methylisoquinolines in moderate to excellent yields.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Shi Ye
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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36
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Zhang H, Yang D, Zhao XF, Niu JL, Song MP. Cobalt-catalyzed C(sp3)-H bond functionalization to access indole derivatives. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00562j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we develop an efficient method of cobalt-catalyzed C(sp3)-H bond functionalization to synthesize indole derivatives. The highlight of this protocol is accomplished by the sequential C-H activation. This “cobalt/ organic...
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37
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Sun LW, Yu ZL, Luo XL, Ma M, Shen ZL, Chu XQ. Transition-metal-free hydroamination/defluorination/cyclization of perfluoroalkyl alkynes with amidines. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01439k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An efficient defluorinative cyclization strategy for the construction of perfluoroalkyl-substituted pyrimidines by using perfluoroalkyl alkynes and amidines as substrates was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wen Sun
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zi-Lun Yu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xin-Long Luo
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Mengtao Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Shen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Chu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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38
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li J, Dong Z, Wang B, İşcan A, Jin H, Chen L, Fan Z, Walsh P, Liang G. Arylations with Nitroarenes for One-Pot Syntheses of Triaryl-methanols and Tetraarylmethanes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00576j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Triarylmethanols are well-known core structures in natural products and pharmacologically relevant compounds. In general, transition metal-based catalysts or highly reactive organometallics are employed for the synthesis of these compounds. Herein,...
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39
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Gu Y, Zhang Z, Wang YE, Dai Z, Yuan Y, Xiong D, Li J, Walsh PJ, Mao J. Benzylic Aroylation of Toluenes Mediated by a LiN(SiMe 3) 2/Cs + System. J Org Chem 2021; 87:406-418. [PMID: 34958592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemoselective deprotonative functionalization of benzylic C-H bonds is challenging, because the arene ring contains multiple aromatic C(sp2)-H bonds, which can be competitively deprotonated and lead to selectivity issues. Recently it was found that bimetallic [MN(SiMe3)2 M = Li, Na]/Cs+ combinations exhibit excellent benzylic selectivity. Herein, is reported the first deprotonative addition of toluenes to Weinreb amides mediated by LiN(SiMe3)2/CsF for the synthesis of a diverse array of 2-arylacetophenones. Surprisingly, simple methyl benzoates also react with toluenes under similar conditions to form 2-arylacetophenones without double addition to give tertiary alcohol products. This finding greatly increases the practicality and impact of this chemistry. Some challenging substrates with respect to benzylic deprotonations, such as fluoro and methoxy substituted toluenes, are selectively transformed to 2-aryl acetophenones. The value of benzylic deprotonation of 3-fluorotoluene is demonstrated by the synthesis of a key intermediate in the preparation of Polmacoxib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyun Gu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yan-En Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Ziteng Dai
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Yuan
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, No. 48, Huzhou Road, Hangzhou 310015, P. R. China
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Jianyou Mao
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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40
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Dou Q, Lang Y, Zeng H, Li CJ. Photoinduced transition-metal and external photosensitizer free phosphonation of unactivated C(sp2)–F bond via SET process under mild conditions. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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41
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Mathada BS, Yernale NG, Basha JN, Badiger J. An insight into the advanced synthetic recipes to access ubiquitous indole heterocycles. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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42
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Dos Santos T, Orenha HP, Murie VE, Vessecchi R, Clososki GC. Selective Metalation and Functionalization of Fluorinated Nitriles Using 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidyl Bases. Org Lett 2021; 23:7396-7400. [PMID: 34499518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have accomplished regioselective deprotometalation of aromatic and heteroaromatic nitriles via (TMP)2Zn·2MgCl2·2LiCl and TMPMgCl·LiCl (TMP = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl) with the exploration of new and scarcely investigated metalation positions. Regioselectivity was rationalized by DFT calculations. The quenching of the generated organozinc and organomagnesium intermediates with various electrophiles gave access to 47 highly functionalized nitriles with yields up to 95%. Additionally, we report a difunctionalization strategy and the use of functionalized nitriles as building blocks to construct relevant heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Henrique P Orenha
- Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Valter E Murie
- Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Vessecchi
- Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Giuliano C Clososki
- Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
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43
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Bao CC, Luo YL, Du HZ, Guan BT. Benzylic aroylation of toluenes with unactivated tertiary benzamides promoted by directed ortho-lithiation. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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44
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Chen L, Huo JQ, Si HL, Xu XY, Kou S, Mao J, Zhang JL. One-Pot Synthesis of N-H-Free Pyrroles from Aldehydes and Alkynes. Org Lett 2021; 23:4348-4352. [PMID: 34014098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first base-mediated intermolecular cyclization of arylaldehydes and terminal arylacetylenes for the synthesis of a wide range of pyrroles in a single step has been described. The developed methodology used commercially available starting materials and tolerated a broad range of functional groups affording 2,3,5-triaryl-substituted-1H-pyrroles with good yields (up to 92% yield) under mild conditions. The possible mechanism was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Qian Huo
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - He-Long Si
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Xu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Song Kou
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Jianyou Mao
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Lin Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
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45
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Li X, Zhang B, Zhang J, Wang X, Zhang D, Du Y, Zhao K. Synthesis of
3‐Methylthioindoles
via
Intramolecular Cyclization of
2‐Alkynylanilines
Mediated by
DMSO
/
DMSO
‐
d
6
and
SOCl
2
. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High‐Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072, China State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High‐Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072, China State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Jingran Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High‐Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072, China State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Xi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High‐Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072, China State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Dongke Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High‐Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072, China State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Yunfei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High‐Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072, China State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
| | - Kang Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High‐Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072, China State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University Qingdao Shandong 266237 China
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46
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Gentner TX, Mulvey RE. Alkali-Metal Mediation: Diversity of Applications in Main-Group Organometallic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9247-9262. [PMID: 33017511 PMCID: PMC8247348 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Organolithium compounds have been at the forefront of synthetic chemistry for over a century, as they mediate the synthesis of myriads of compounds that are utilised worldwide in academic and industrial settings. For that reason, lithium has always been the most important alkali metal in organometallic chemistry. Today, that importance is being seriously challenged by sodium and potassium, as the alkali-metal mediation of organic reactions in general has started branching off in several new directions. Recent examples covering main-group homogeneous catalysis, stoichiometric organic synthesis, low-valent main-group metal chemistry, polymerization, and green chemistry are showcased in this Review. Since alkali-metal compounds are often not the end products of these applications, their roles are rarely given top billing. Thus, this Review has been written to alert the community to this rising unifying phenomenon of "alkali-metal mediation".
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas X. Gentner
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
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47
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Lin T, Qian P, Wang YE, Ou M, Jiang L, Zhu C, Xu Y, Xiong D, Mao J. Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of 2-Pyridylmethyl Silanes with Aryl Bromides. Org Lett 2021; 23:3000-3003. [PMID: 33779175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The first palladium-catalyzed direct arylation of 2-pyridylmethyl silanes with aryl bromides to generate a diverse array of aryl(2-pyridyl)-methyl silane derivatives has been developed. This protocol facilitates access to various kinds of heterocycle-containing silanes in good to excellent yields (40 examples, 66-97% yield) with good functional group tolerance. The scalability of this transformation is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingzhi Lin
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Qian
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
| | - Yan-En Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Ou
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
| | - Long Jiang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China.,Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of NPU, Taicang, Jiangsu 215400, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
| | - Yuchuan Xu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
| | - Jianyou Mao
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
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48
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Matsuzawa T, Hosoya T, Yoshida S. Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis of N-Arylphenothiazines through an N- and S-Arylation Sequence. Org Lett 2021; 23:2347-2352. [PMID: 33667111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An efficient synthetic method of N-arylphenothiazines from o-sulfanylanilines under transition-metal-free conditions is disclosed. An N- and S-arylation sequence of o-sulfanylanilines enabled us to synthesize a wide variety of N-arylphenothiazines. In particular, one-pot synthesis of N-arylphenothiazines was accomplished from easily available modules through preparation of o-sulfanylanilines by thioamination of aryne intermediates and following N- and S-arylation sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Matsuzawa
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Suguru Yoshida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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49
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Chen S, Yang L, Shang Y, Mao J, Walsh PJ. Base-Promoted Tandem Synthesis of 2-Azaaryl Tetrahydroquinolines. Org Lett 2021; 23:1594-1599. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Langxuan Yang
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yongjia Shang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Jianyou Mao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S 34th St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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50
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Chung H, Kim J, González-Montiel GA, Ha-Yeon Cheong P, Lee HG. Modular Counter-Fischer-Indole Synthesis through Radical-Enolate Coupling. Org Lett 2021; 23:1096-1102. [PMID: 33415986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A single-electron transfer mediated modular indole formation reaction from a 2-iodoaniline derivative and a ketone has been developed. This transition-metal-free reaction shows a broad substrate scope and unconventional regioselectivity trends. Moreover, important functional groups for further transformation are tolerated under the reaction conditions. Density functional theory studies reveal that the reaction proceeds by metal coordination, which converts a disfavored 5-endo-trig cyclization to an accessible 7-endo-trig process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunho Chung
- Department of Chemistry. College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry. College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gisela A González-Montiel
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Paul Ha-Yeon Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Hong Geun Lee
- Department of Chemistry. College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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