1
|
Vianney YM, Dierks D, Weisz K. Structural Differences at Quadruplex-Duplex Interfaces Enable Ligand-Induced Topological Transitions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309891. [PMID: 38477454 PMCID: PMC11200018 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Quadruplex-duplex (QD) junctions, which represent unique structural motifs of both biological and technological significance, have been shown to constitute high-affinity binding sites for various ligands. A QD hybrid construct based on a human telomeric sequence, which harbors a duplex stem-loop in place of a short lateral loop, is structurally characterized by NMR. It folds into two major species with a (3+1) hybrid and a chair-type (2+2) antiparallel quadruplex domain coexisting in a K+ buffer solution. The antiparallel species is stabilized by an unusual capping structure involving a thymine and protonated adenine base AH+ of the lateral loop facing the hairpin duplex to form a T·AH+·G·C quartet with the interfacial G·C base pair at neutral pH. Addition and binding of Phen-DC3 to the QD hybrid mixture by its partial intercalation at corresponding QD junctions leads to a topological transition with exclusive formation of the (3+1) hybrid fold. In agreement with the available experimental data, such an unprecedented discrimination of QD junctions by a ligand can be rationalized following an induced fit mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoanes Maria Vianney
- Institut für BiochemieUniversität GreifswaldFelix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 4D‐17489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Dorothea Dierks
- Institut für BiochemieUniversität GreifswaldFelix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 4D‐17489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Klaus Weisz
- Institut für BiochemieUniversität GreifswaldFelix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 4D‐17489GreifswaldGermany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Farag M, Mouawad L. Comprehensive analysis of intramolecular G-quadruplex structures: furthering the understanding of their formalism. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:3522-3546. [PMID: 38512075 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4) are helical structures found in guanine-rich DNA or RNA sequences. Generally, their formalism is based on a few dozen structures, which can produce some inconsistencies or incompleteness. Using the website ASC-G4, we analyzed the structures of 333 intramolecular G4s, of all types, which allowed us to clarify some key concepts and present new information. To each of the eight distinguishable topologies corresponds a groove-width signature and a predominant glycosidic configuration (gc) pattern governed by the directions of the strands. The relative orientations of the stacking guanines within the strands, which we quantified and related to their vertical gc successions, determine the twist and tilt of the helices. The latter impact the minimum groove widths, which represent the space available for lateral ligand binding. The G4 four helices have similar twists, even when these twists are irregular, meaning that they have various angles along the strands. Despite its importance, the vertical gc succession has no strict one-to-one relationship with the topology, which explains the discrepancy between some topologies and their corresponding circular dichroism spectra. This study allowed us to introduce the new concept of platypus G4s, which are structures with properties corresponding to several topologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Farag
- Chemistry and Modeling for the Biology of Cancer, CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Université Paris-Saclay, CS 90030, 91401 ORSAYCedex, France
| | - Liliane Mouawad
- Chemistry and Modeling for the Biology of Cancer, CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Université Paris-Saclay, CS 90030, 91401 ORSAYCedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jana J, Vianney YM, Weisz K. Impact of loop length and duplex extensions on the design of hybrid-type G-quadruplexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:854-857. [PMID: 38131370 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05625b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A G-rich core sequence G3-TCA-G3-T1,2-G3-T1,2-G3 can be designed to fold into a parallel or into two different (3+1) hybrid-type G-quadruplexes, among them an elusive topology with one lateral followed by two propeller loops. Favored folds can be rationalized based on the number of intervening thymidines and on additional complementary flanking sequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagannath Jana
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff Str. 4, Greifswald D-17489, Germany.
| | - Yoanes Maria Vianney
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff Str. 4, Greifswald D-17489, Germany.
| | - Klaus Weisz
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff Str. 4, Greifswald D-17489, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vianney YM, Weisz K. High-affinity binding at quadruplex-duplex junctions: rather the rule than the exception. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:11948-11964. [PMID: 36416262 PMCID: PMC9723630 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Quadruplex-duplex (Q-D) junctions constitute unique structural motifs in genomic sequences. Through comprehensive calorimetric as well as high-resolution NMR structural studies, Q-D junctions with a hairpin-type snapback loop coaxially stacked onto an outer G-tetrad were identified to be most effective binding sites for various polycyclic quadruplex ligands. The Q-D interface is readily recognized by intercalation of the ligand aromatic core structure between G-tetrad and the neighboring base pair. Based on the thermodynamic and structural data, guidelines for the design of ligands with enhanced selectivity towards a Q-D interface emerge. Whereas intercalation at Q-D junctions mostly outcompete stacking at the quadruplex free outer tetrad or intercalation between duplex base pairs to varying degrees, ligand side chains considerably contribute to the selectivity for a Q-D target over other binding sites. In contrast to common perceptions, an appended side chain that additionally interacts within the duplex minor groove may confer only poor selectivity. Rather, the Q-D selectivity is suggested to benefit from an extension of the side chain towards the exposed part of the G-tetrad at the junction. The presented results will support the design of selective high-affinity binding ligands for targeting Q-D interfaces in medicinal but also technological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoanes Maria Vianney
- Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus Weisz
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 3834 420 4426; Fax: +49 3834 420 4427;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jana J, Vianney YM, Schröder N, Weisz K. Guiding the folding of G-quadruplexes through loop residue interactions. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:7161-7175. [PMID: 35758626 PMCID: PMC9262619 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A G-rich sequence was designed to allow folding into either a stable parallel or hybrid-type topology. With the parent sequence featuring coexisting species, various related sequences with single and double mutations and with a shortened central propeller loop affected the topological equilibrium. Two simple modifications, likewise introduced separately to all sequences, were employed to lock folds into one of the topologies without noticeable structural alterations. The unique combination of sequence mutations, high-resolution NMR structural information, and the thermodynamic stability for both topological competitors identified critical loop residue interactions. In contrast to first loop residues, which are mostly disordered and exposed to solvent in both propeller and lateral loops bridging a narrow groove, the last loop residue in a lateral three-nucleotide loop is engaged in stabilizing stacking interactions. The propensity of single-nucleotide loops to favor all-parallel topologies by enforcing a propeller-like conformation of an additional longer loop is shown to result from their preference in linking two outer tetrads of the same tetrad polarity. Taken together, the present studies contribute to a better structural and thermodynamic understanding of delicate loop interactions in genomic and artificially designed quadruplexes, e.g. when employed as therapeutics or in other biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagannath Jana
- Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Nina Schröder
- Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus Weisz
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 3834 420 4426; Fax: +49 3834 420 4427;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vianney YM, Weisz K. Indoloquinoline Ligands Favor Intercalation at Quadruplex-Duplex Interfaces. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103718. [PMID: 34905232 PMCID: PMC9303235 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quadruplex‐duplex (Q‐D) junctions are increasingly considered promising targets for medicinal and technological applications. Here, a Q‐D hybrid with a hairpin‐type snapback loop coaxially stacked onto the quadruplex 3’‐outer tetrad was designed and employed as a target structure for the indoloquinoline ligand SYUIQ‐5. NMR spectral analysis demonstrated high‐affinity binding of the ligand at the quadruplex‐duplex interface with association constants determined by isothermal titration calorimetry of about 107 M−1 and large exothermicities ΔH° of −14 kcal/mol in a 120 mM K+ buffer at 40 °C. Determination of the ligand‐bound hybrid structure revealed intercalation of SYUIQ‐5 between 3’‐outer tetrad and the neighboring CG base pair, maximizing π–π stacking as well as electrostatic interactions with guanine carbonyl groups in close vicinity to the positively charged protonated quinoline nitrogen of the tetracyclic indoloquinoline. Exhibiting considerable flexibility, the SYUIQ‐5 sidechain resides in the duplex minor groove. Based on comparative binding studies with the non‐substituted N5‐methylated indoloquinoline cryptolepine, the sidechain is suggested to confer additional affinity and to fix the alignment of the intercalated indoloquinoline aromatic core. However, selectivity for the Q‐D junction mostly relies on the geometry and charge distribution of the indoloquinoline ring system. The presented results are expected to provide valuable guidelines for the design of ligands specifically targeting Q‐D interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoanes Maria Vianney
- Universität Greifswald Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät: Universitat Greifswald Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultat, Institut für Biochemie, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489, Greifswald, GERMANY
| | - Klaus Weisz
- Universität Greifswald, Institut für Biochemie, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Teng FY, Jiang ZZ, Guo M, Tan XZ, Chen F, Xi XG, Xu Y. G-quadruplex DNA: a novel target for drug design. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6557-6583. [PMID: 34459951 PMCID: PMC11072987 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03921-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
G-quadruplex (G4) DNA is a type of quadruple helix structure formed by a continuous guanine-rich DNA sequence. Emerging evidence in recent years authenticated that G4 DNA structures exist both in cell-free and cellular systems, and function in different diseases, especially in various cancers, aging, neurological diseases, and have been considered novel promising targets for drug design. In this review, we summarize the detection method and the structure of G4, highlighting some non-canonical G4 DNA structures, such as G4 with a bulge, a vacancy, or a hairpin. Subsequently, the functions of G4 DNA in physiological processes are discussed, especially their regulation of DNA replication, transcription of disease-related genes (c-MYC, BCL-2, KRAS, c-KIT et al.), telomere maintenance, and epigenetic regulation. Typical G4 ligands that target promoters and telomeres for drug design are also reviewed, including ellipticine derivatives, quinoxaline analogs, telomestatin analogs, berberine derivatives, and CX-5461, which is currently in advanced phase I/II clinical trials for patients with hematologic cancer and BRCA1/2-deficient tumors. Furthermore, since the long-term stable existence of G4 DNA structures could result in genomic instability, we summarized the G4 unfolding mechanisms emerged recently by multiple G4-specific DNA helicases, such as Pif1, RecQ family helicases, FANCJ, and DHX36. This review aims to present a general overview of the field of G-quadruplex DNA that has progressed in recent years and provides potential strategies for drug design and disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yuan Teng
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, and Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, and Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zong-Zhe Jiang
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, and Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, and Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Man Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, and Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, and Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Tan
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, and Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, and Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu-Guang Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- LBPA, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 61, Avenue du Président Wilson, 94235, Cachan, France.
| | - Yong Xu
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, and Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, and Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jana J, Weisz K. Thermodynamic Stability of G-Quadruplexes: Impact of Sequence and Environment. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2848-2856. [PMID: 33844423 PMCID: PMC8518667 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes have attracted growing interest in recent years due to their occurrence in vivo and their possible biological functions. In addition to being promising targets for drug design, these four-stranded nucleic acid structures have also been recognized as versatile tools for various technological applications. Whereas a large number of studies have yielded insight into their remarkable structural diversity, our current knowledge on G-quadruplex stabilities as a function of sequence and environmental factors only gradually emerges with an expanding collection of thermodynamic data. This minireview provides an overview of general rules that may be used to better evaluate quadruplex thermodynamic stabilities but also discusses present challenges in predicting most stable folds for a given sequence and environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagannath Jana
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversität GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff Str. 417489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Klaus Weisz
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversität GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff Str. 417489GreifswaldGermany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Largy E, König A, Ghosh A, Ghosh D, Benabou S, Rosu F, Gabelica V. Mass Spectrometry of Nucleic Acid Noncovalent Complexes. Chem Rev 2021; 122:7720-7839. [PMID: 34587741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids have been among the first targets for antitumor drugs and antibiotics. With the unveiling of new biological roles in regulation of gene expression, specific DNA and RNA structures have become very attractive targets, especially when the corresponding proteins are undruggable. Biophysical assays to assess target structure as well as ligand binding stoichiometry, affinity, specificity, and binding modes are part of the drug development process. Mass spectrometry offers unique advantages as a biophysical method owing to its ability to distinguish each stoichiometry present in a mixture. In addition, advanced mass spectrometry approaches (reactive probing, fragmentation techniques, ion mobility spectrometry, ion spectroscopy) provide more detailed information on the complexes. Here, we review the fundamentals of mass spectrometry and all its particularities when studying noncovalent nucleic acid structures, and then review what has been learned thanks to mass spectrometry on nucleic acid structures, self-assemblies (e.g., duplexes or G-quadruplexes), and their complexes with ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Largy
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Alexander König
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Anirban Ghosh
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Debasmita Ghosh
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Sanae Benabou
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Frédéric Rosu
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, IECB, UMS 3033, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Valérie Gabelica
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu L, Wang K, Liu W, Zeng Y, Hou M, Yang J, Mao Z. Spatial Matching Selectivity and Solution Structure of Organic–Metal Hybrid to Quadruplex–Duplex Hybrid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu‐Yi Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Kang‐Nan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Wenting Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - You‐Liang Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Ming‐Xuan Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Zong‐Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gudanis D, Zielińska K, Baranowski D, Kierzek R, Kozłowski P, Gdaniec Z. Impact of a Single Nucleotide Change or Non-Nucleoside Modifications in G-Rich Region on the Quadruplex-Duplex Hybrid Formation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081236. [PMID: 34439902 PMCID: PMC8392043 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a method to discriminate between two target RNA sequences that differ by one nucleotide only is presented. The method relies on the formation of alternative structures, i.e., quadruplex–duplex hybrid (QDH) and duplex with dangling ends (Dss), after hybridization of DNA or RNA G-rich oligonucleotides with target sequences containing 5′–GGGCUGG–3′ or 5′–GGGCGGG–3′ fragments. Using biophysical methods, we studied the effect of oligonucleotide types (DNA, RNA), non-nucleotide modifications (aliphatic linkers or abasic), and covalently attached G4 ligand on the ability of G-rich oligonucleotides to assemble a G-quadruplex motif. We demonstrated that all examined non-nucleotide modifications could mimic the external loops in the G-quadruplex domain of QDH structures without affecting their stability. Additionally, some modifications, in particular the presence of two abasic residues in the G-rich oligonucleotide, can induce the formation of non-canonical QDH instead of the Dss structure upon hybridization to a target sequence containing the GGGCUGG motif. Our results offer new insight into the sequential requirements for the formation of G-quadruplexes and provide important data on the effects of non-nucleotide modifications on G-quadruplex formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Gudanis
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (Z.G.); Tel.: +48-61-852-85-03 (ext. 1286) (D.G.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zofia Gdaniec
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (Z.G.); Tel.: +48-61-852-85-03 (ext. 1286) (D.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu LY, Wang KN, Liu W, Zeng YL, Hou MX, Yang J, Mao ZW. Spatial Matching Selectivity and Solution Structure of Organic-Metal Hybrid to Quadruplex-Duplex Hybrid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20833-20839. [PMID: 34288320 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The sequence-dependent DNA secondary structures possess structure polymorphism. To date, studies on regulated ligands mainly focus on individual DNA secondary topologies, while lack focus on quadruplex-duplex hybrids (QDHs). Here, we design an organic-metal hybrid ligand L1 Pt(dien), which matches and selectively binds one type of QDHs with lateral duplex stem-loop (QLDH) with high affinity, while shows poor affinity for other QDHs and individual G4 or duplex DNA. The solution structure of QLDH MYT1L-L1 Pt(dien) complex was determined by NMR. The structure reveals that L1 Pt(dien) presents a chair-type conformation, whose large aromatic "chair surface" intercalates into the G-quadruplex-duplex interface via π-π stacking and "backrest" platinum unit interacts with duplex region through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions, showing a highly matched lock-key binding mode. Our work provided guidance for spatial matching design of selectively targeting ligands to QDH structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Yi Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Kang-Nan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Wenting Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - You-Liang Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Xuan Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mohr S, Jana J, Vianney YM, Weisz K. Expanding the Topological Landscape by a G-Column Flip of a Parallel G-Quadruplex. Chemistry 2021; 27:10437-10447. [PMID: 33955615 PMCID: PMC8361731 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Canonical G‐quadruplexes can adopt a variety of different topologies depending on the arrangement of propeller, lateral, or diagonal loops connecting the four G‐columns. A novel intramolecular G‐quadruplex structure is derived through inversion of the last G‐tract of a three‐layered parallel fold, associated with the transition of a single propeller into a lateral loop. The resulting (3+1) hybrid fold features three syn⋅anti⋅anti⋅anti G‐tetrads with a 3’‐terminal all‐syn G‐column. Although the ability of forming a duplex stem‐loop between G‐tracts seems beneficial for a propeller‐to‐lateral loop rearrangement, unmodified G‐rich sequences resist folding into the new (3+1) topology. However, refolding can be driven by the incorporation of syn‐favoring guanosine analogues into positions of the fourth G‐stretch. The presented hybrid‐type G‐quadruplex structure as determined by NMR spectroscopy may provide for an additional scaffold in quadruplex‐based technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swantje Mohr
- Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jagannath Jana
- Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yoanes Maria Vianney
- Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus Weisz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vianney YM, Weisz K. First Tandem Repeat of a Potassium Channel KCNN4 Minisatellite Folds into a V-Loop G-Quadruplex Structure. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1337-1346. [PMID: 33844501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The KCNN4 gene encoding a potassium channel protein whose expression has been correlated with tumor progression was found to comprise a guanine-rich minisatellite region with the ability to form a putative G-quadruplex (G4). Given the suggested regulatory role of G4s in gene expression, G-quadruplex formation for the polymorphic first repeat of the minisatellite was studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A stable G-quadruplex of a truncated mutant sequence was shown to represent one of several coexisting species of the wild-type sequence. The high-resolution structure features a noncanonical G4 with a broken G-column and a V-shaped loop. The presence of a 3'-flanking thymidine interacting with the lateral loop preceding the V loop seems to be critical for the formation of this G4 topology. On the contrary, an additional 5'-flanking residue disfavored but still allowed folding into the V-loop structure. The latter may therefore serve as a putative therapeutic target in strategies for G4-based modulation of KCNN4 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoanes Maria Vianney
- Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 4, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus Weisz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 4, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jana J, Mohr S, Vianney YM, Weisz K. Structural motifs and intramolecular interactions in non-canonical G-quadruplexes. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:338-353. [PMID: 34458788 PMCID: PMC8341446 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanine(G)-rich DNA or RNA sequences can assemble or intramolecularly fold into G-quadruplexes formed through the stacking of planar G·G·G·G tetrads in the presence of monovalent cations. These secondary nucleic acid structures have convincingly been shown to also exist within a cellular environment exerting important regulatory functions in physiological processes. For identifying nucleic acid segments prone to quadruplex formation, a putative quadruplex sequence motif encompassing closely spaced tracts of three or more guanosines is frequently employed for bioinformatic search algorithms. Depending on the number and type of intervening residues as well as on solution conditions, such sequences may fold into various canonical G4 topologies with continuous G-columns. On the other hand, a growing number of sequences capable of quadruplex formation feature G-deficient guanine tracts, escaping the conservative consensus motif. By folding into non-canonical quadruplex structures, they adopt unique topologies depending on their specific sequence context. These include G-columns with only two guanines, bulges, snapback loops, D- and V-shaped loops as well as interlocked structures. This review focuses on G-quadruplex species carrying such distinct structural motifs. It evaluates characteristic features of their non-conventional scaffold and highlights principles of stabilizing interactions that also allow for their folding into stable G-quadruplex structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagannath Jana
- Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 D-17487 Greifswald Germany +49 3834 420-4427 +49 3834 420-4426
| | - Swantje Mohr
- Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 D-17487 Greifswald Germany +49 3834 420-4427 +49 3834 420-4426
| | - Yoanes Maria Vianney
- Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 D-17487 Greifswald Germany +49 3834 420-4427 +49 3834 420-4426
| | - Klaus Weisz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 D-17487 Greifswald Germany +49 3834 420-4427 +49 3834 420-4426
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Díaz-Casado L, Serrano-Chacón I, Montalvillo-Jiménez L, Corzana F, Bastida A, Santana AG, González C, Asensio JL. De Novo Design of Selective Quadruplex-Duplex Junction Ligands and Structural Characterisation of Their Binding Mode: Targeting the G4 Hot-Spot. Chemistry 2021; 27:6204-6212. [PMID: 33368678 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the interface between DNA quadruplex and duplex regions by small molecules holds significant promise in both therapeutics and nanotechnology. Herein, a new pharmacophore is reported, which selectively binds with high affinity to quadruplex-duplex junctions, while presenting a poorer affinity for G-quadruplex or duplex DNA alone. Ligands complying with the reported pharmacophore exhibit a significant affinity and selectivity for quadruplex-duplex junctions, including the one observed in the HIV-1 LTR-III sequence. The structure of the complex between a quadruplex-duplex junction with a ligand of this family has been determined by NMR methods. According to these data, the remarkable selectivity of this structural motif for quadruplex-duplex junctions is achieved through an unprecedented interaction mode so far unexploited in medicinal and biological chemistry: the insertion of a benzylic ammonium moiety into the centre of the partially exposed G-tetrad at the interface with the duplex. Further decoration of the described scaffolds with additional fragments opens up the road to the development of selective ligands for G-quadruplex-forming regions of the genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Díaz-Casado
- Glycochemistry and Molecular Recognition group-Dpt. Bio-Organic Chemistry, Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3., 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Serrano-Chacón
- Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano (IQFR-CSIC), Serrano 119., 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Montalvillo-Jiménez
- Glycochemistry and Molecular Recognition group-Dpt. Bio-Organic Chemistry, Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3., 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Department of Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios, 53., 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Agatha Bastida
- Glycochemistry and Molecular Recognition group-Dpt. Bio-Organic Chemistry, Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3., 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés G Santana
- Glycochemistry and Molecular Recognition group-Dpt. Bio-Organic Chemistry, Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3., 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos González
- Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano (IQFR-CSIC), Serrano 119., 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Asensio
- Glycochemistry and Molecular Recognition group-Dpt. Bio-Organic Chemistry, Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3., 28006, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Reddy Sannapureddi RK, Mohanty MK, Gautam AK, Sathyamoorthy B. Characterization of DNA G-quadruplex Topologies with NMR Chemical Shifts. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10016-10022. [PMID: 33179931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes are nucleic acid motifs formed by stacking of guanosine-tetrad pseudoplanes. They perform varied biological roles, and their distinctive structural features enable diverse applications. High-resolution structural characterization of G-quadruplexes is often time-consuming and expensive, calling for effective methods. Herein, we develop NMR chemical shifts and machine learning-based methodology that allows direct, rapid, and reliable analysis of canonical three-plane DNA G-quadruplexes sans isotopic enrichment. We show, for the first time, that each unique topology enforces a specific distribution of glycosidic torsion angles. Newly acquired carbon chemical shifts are exquisite probes for the dihedral angle distribution and provide immediate and unambiguous backbone topology assignment. The support vector machine learning methodology aids resonance assignment by providing plane indices for tetrad-forming guanosines. We further demonstrate the robustness by successful application of the methodology to a sequence that folds in two dissimilar topologies under different ionic conditions, providing its first atomic-level characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manish Kumar Mohanty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Anoop Kumar Gautam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Bharathwaj Sathyamoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tan DJY, Winnerdy FR, Lim KW, Phan AT. Coexistence of two quadruplex-duplex hybrids in the PIM1 gene. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:11162-11171. [PMID: 32976598 PMCID: PMC7641742 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype of breast cancer which lacks of targeted therapies, exhibits a poor prognosis. It was shown recently that the PIM1 oncogene is highly related to the proliferation of TNBC cells. A quadruplex-duplex hybrid (QDH) forming sequence was recently found to exist near the transcription start site of PIM1. This structure could be an attractive target for regulation of the PIM1 gene expression and thus the treatment of TNBC. Here, we present the solution structures of two QDHs that could coexist in the human PIM1 gene. Form 1 is a three-G-tetrad-layered (3+1) G-quadruplex containing a propeller loop, a lateral loop and a stem-loop made up of three G•C Watson-Crick base pairs. On the other hand, Form 2 is an anti-parallel G-quadruplex comprising two G-tetrads and a G•C•G•C tetrad; the structure has three lateral loops with the middle stem-loop made up of two Watson-Crick G•C base pairs. These structures provide valuable information for the design of G-quadruplex-specific ligands for PIM1 transcription regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derrick J Y Tan
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Fernaldo Richtia Winnerdy
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Kah Wai Lim
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Anh Tuân Phan
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.,NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vianney YM, Preckwinkel P, Mohr S, Weisz K. Quadruplex-Duplex Junction: A High-Affinity Binding Site for Indoloquinoline Ligands. Chemistry 2020; 26:16910-16922. [PMID: 32975874 PMCID: PMC7756412 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A parallel quadruplex derived from the Myc promoter sequence was extended by a stem-loop duplex at either its 5'- or 3'-terminus to mimic a quadruplex-duplex (Q-D) junction as a potential genomic target. High-resolution structures of the hybrids demonstrate continuous stacking of the duplex on the quadruplex core without significant perturbations. An indoloquinoline ligand carrying an aminoalkyl side chain was shown to bind the Q-D hybrids with a very high affinity in the order Ka ≈107 m-1 irrespective of the duplex location at the quadruplex 3'- or 5'-end. NMR chemical shift perturbations identified the tetrad face of the Q-D junction as specific binding site for the ligand. However, calorimetric analyses revealed significant differences in the thermodynamic profiles upon binding to hybrids with either a duplex extension at the quadruplex 3'- or 5'-terminus. A large enthalpic gain and considerable hydrophobic effects are accompanied by the binding of one ligand to the 3'-Q-D junction, whereas non-hydrophobic entropic contributions favor binding with formation of a 2:1 ligand-quadruplex complex in case of the 5'-Q-D hybrid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoanes Maria Vianney
- Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Pit Preckwinkel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Swantje Mohr
- Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus Weisz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ngoc Nguyen TQ, Lim KW, Phan AT. Duplex formation in a G-quadruplex bulge. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:10567-10575. [PMID: 32960213 PMCID: PMC7544226 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond the consensus definition of G-quadruplex-forming motifs with tracts of continuous guanines, G-quadruplexes harboring bulges in the G-tetrad core are prevalent in the human genome. Here, we study the incorporation of a duplex hairpin within a bulge of a G-quadruplex. The NMR solution structure of a G-quadruplex containing a duplex bulge was resolved, revealing the structural details of the junction between the duplex bulge and the G-quadruplex. Unexpectedly, instead of an orthogonal connection the duplex stem was observed to stack below the G-quadruplex forming a unique quadruplex–duplex junction. Breaking up of the immediate base pair step at the junction, coupled with a narrowing of the duplex groove within the context of the bulge, led to a progressive transition between the quadruplex and duplex segments. This study revealed that a duplex bulge can be formed at various positions of a G-quadruplex scaffold. In contrast to a non-structured bulge, the stability of a G-quadruplex slightly increases with an increase in the duplex bulge size. A G-quadruplex structure containing a duplex bulge of up to 33 nt in size was shown to form, which was much larger than the previously reported 7-nt bulge. With G-quadruplexes containing duplex bulges representing new structural motifs with potential biological significance, our findings would broaden the definition of potential G-quadruplex-forming sequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Quynh Ngoc Nguyen
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Kah Wai Lim
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Anh Tuân Phan
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.,NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lu XJ. DSSR-enabled innovative schematics of 3D nucleic acid structures with PyMOL. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:e74. [PMID: 32442277 PMCID: PMC7367123 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sophisticated analysis and simplified visualization are crucial for understanding complicated structures of biomacromolecules. DSSR (Dissecting the Spatial Structure of RNA) is an integrated computational tool that has streamlined the analysis and annotation of 3D nucleic acid structures. The program creates schematic block representations in diverse styles that can be seamlessly integrated into PyMOL and complement its other popular visualization options. In addition to portraying individual base blocks, DSSR can draw Watson-Crick pairs as long blocks and highlight the minor-groove edges. Notably, DSSR can dramatically simplify the depiction of G-quadruplexes by automatically detecting G-tetrads and treating them as large square blocks. The DSSR-enabled innovative schematics with PyMOL are aesthetically pleasing and highly informative: the base identity, pairing geometry, stacking interactions, double-helical stems, and G-quadruplexes are immediately obvious. These features can be accessed via four interfaces: the command-line interface, the DSSR plugin for PyMOL, the web application, and the web application programming interface. The supplemental PDF serves as a practical guide, with complete and reproducible examples. Thus, even beginners or occasional users can get started quickly, especially via the web application at http://skmatic.x3dna.org.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Jun Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chu B, Zhang D, Paukstelis PJ. A DNA G-quadruplex/i-motif hybrid. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 47:11921-11930. [PMID: 31724696 PMCID: PMC7145706 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA can form many structures beyond the canonical Watson–Crick double helix. It is now clear that noncanonical structures are present in genomic DNA and have biological functions. G-rich G-quadruplexes and C-rich i-motifs are the most well-characterized noncanonical DNA motifs that have been detected in vivo with either proscribed or postulated biological roles. Because of their independent sequence requirements, these structures have largely been considered distinct types of quadruplexes. Here, we describe the crystal structure of the DNA oligonucleotide, d(CCAGGCTGCAA), that self-associates to form a quadruplex structure containing two central antiparallel G-tetrads and six i-motif C–C+ base pairs. Solution studies suggest a robust structural motif capable of assembling as a tetramer of individual strands or as a dimer when composed of tandem repeats. This hybrid structure highlights the growing structural diversity of DNA and suggests that biological systems may harbor many functionally important non-duplex structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Betty Chu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Organization, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Daoning Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Organization, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Paul J Paukstelis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Organization, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Roy S, Ali A, Kamra M, Muniyappa K, Bhattacharya S. Specific stabilization of promoter G-Quadruplex DNA by 2,6-disubstituted amidoanthracene-9,10-dione based dimeric distamycin analogues and their selective cancer cell cytotoxicity. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 195:112202. [PMID: 32302880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized anthraquinone containing compounds which have oligopyrrole side chains of varying lengths. These compounds stabilized the G-quadruplex DNA formed in the promoter regions of c-MYC oncogenes selectively over the duplex DNA. These observations were recorded using UV-vis spectroscopic titrations, fluorescence measurements and circular dichroism (CD) spectral titrations. The potency of the compounds to stabilize the G4 DNA has been shown from the thermal denaturation experiments. The compound interacts with c-MYC G-quadruplex DNA through stacking mode as obtained from ethidium bromide displacement assay, cyclic voltammetric titration, and docking experiments. Molecular modeling studies suggested that the stacking of the anthraquinone moiety over the G-tetrad of the G4 structures are responsible for the stability of such quadruplex secondary structure. Furthermore, polymerase stop assay also supported the formation of stable G4 structures in the presence of the above-mentioned compounds. The compounds have shown selective cancer cell (HeLa and HEK293T) cytotoxicity over normal cells (NIH3T3 and HDFa) under in vitro conditions as determined from MTT based cell viability assay. Apoptosis was found to be the mechanistic pathway underlying the cancer cell cytotoxicity as obtained from Annexin V-FITC and PI dual staining assay which was further substantiated by nuclear morphological changes as observed by AO/EB dual staining assay. Cellular morphological changes, as well as nuclear condensation and fragmentation upon treatment with these compounds, were observed under bright field and confocal microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soma Roy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Asfa Ali
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Mohini Kamra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Kalappa Muniyappa
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; School of Applied & Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Meeting report: Seventh International Meeting on Quadruplex Nucleic Acids (Changchun, P.R. China, September 6–9, 2019). Biochimie 2020; 168:100-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|