1
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Zhu Y, Borstelmann J, Bertleff O, Bergner J, Wei Z, Neiss C, Görling A, Kivala M, Petrukhina MA. Unveiling the Multielectron Acceptor Properties of π-Expanded Pyracylene: Reversible Boat to Chair Conversion. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14715-14723. [PMID: 38741481 PMCID: PMC11140751 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the chemical reduction of a hybrid pyracylene-hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HPH) nanographene was investigated with different alkali metals (Na, K, Rb) to reveal its remarkable multielectron acceptor abilities. The UV-vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy monitoring of the stepwise reduction reactions supports the existence of all intermediate reduction states up to the hexaanion for HPH. Tuning the experimental conditions enabled the synthesis of the HPH anions with gradually increasing reduction states (up to -5) isolated with different alkali metal ions as crystalline materials. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction structure analysis demonstrates that the highly negatively charged HPH anions (-4 and -5) exhibit a drastic geometry change from boat-shaped (observed in the neutral parent, mono- and dianions) to a chair conformation, which was proved to be fully reversible by NMR spectroscopy. DFT calculations show that this geometry change is induced by an enhanced interaction between the coordinated metal ions and negatively charged HPH core in the chair conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State
University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Jan Borstelmann
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Oliver Bertleff
- Lehrstuhl
für Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander
Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - John Bergner
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State
University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Christian Neiss
- Lehrstuhl
für Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander
Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Lehrstuhl
für Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander
Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
- Erlangen
National High Performance Computing Center (NHR@FAU), Martensstr. 1, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State
University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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2
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Xia Z, Wang W, Zhang G. Formation of Nitrogen-Doped Positively Curved Molecules by π-Extension. Org Lett 2024; 26:3901-3905. [PMID: 38666661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Two nitrogen-doped positively curved aromatic molecules bearing doubly fused pentagonal rings were synthesized and characterized. Crystallographic analysis confirms the formation of a bowl-shaped structure, which is induced by the fusion of adjacent pentagons to the rigid aromatic planes. Both compounds demonstrate good photoluminescence. These electron-rich bowl-shaped molecules can associate with C60 to form complexes in 2:1 ratio in toluene with different association constants depending on the molecular dimension of the hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Weifan Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
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3
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Zhou Z, Johnson MA, Wei Z, Bühringer MU, Garner MH, Tykwinski R, Petrukhina MA. Bending a Cumulene with Electrons: Stepwise Chemical Reduction and Structural Study of a Tetraaryl[4]Cumulene. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304145. [PMID: 38433113 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Chemical reduction of a [4]cumulene with cesium metal was explored, and the structural changes stemming from electron acquisition are detailed using X-ray crystallography. It is found that the [4]cumulene undergoes dramatic geometric changes upon stepwise reduction, including bending of the cumulenic core and twisting of the endgroups from orthogonal to planar. The structural deformation is consistent with early theoretical reports that suggest that the twisting should occur upon reduction of both even and odd [n]cumulenes. The current results, on the other hand, are inconsistent with a previous experimental study of a [3]cumulene in which the predicted twisting is not observed upon reduction. DFT calculations reveal that the barrier to deformation is an order of magnitude lower in a [3]cumulene than a [4]cumulene, allowing the barrier to be overcome in the solid-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY-12222, USA
| | - Matthew A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB-T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY-12222, USA
| | - Martina U Bühringer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marc H Garner
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rik Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB-T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY-12222, USA
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4
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Guo Y, Torchon HS, Zhu Y, Wei Z, Zhang Z, Han H, Petrukhina MA, Zhou Z. Stepwise deprotonation of truxene: structures, metal complexation, and charge-dependent optical properties. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13219-13227. [PMID: 38023520 PMCID: PMC10664571 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04885c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As a planar subunit of C60-fullerene, truxene (C27H18) represents a highly symmetrical rigid hydrocarbon with strong blue emission. Herein, we used truxene as a model to investigate the chemical reactivity of a fullerene fragment with alkali metals. Monoanion, dianion, and trianion products with different alkali metal counterions were crystallized and fully characterized, revealing the core curvature dependence on charge and alkali metal coordination. Moreover, a 1proton nuclear magnetic resonance study coupled with computational analysis demonstrated that deprotonation of the aliphatic CH2 segments introduces aromaticity in the five-membered rings. Importantly, the UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence of truxenyl anions with different charges reveal intriguing charge-dependent optical properties, implying variation of the electronic structure based on the deprotonation process. An increase in aromaticity and π-conjugation yielded a red shift in the absorption and photoluminescent spectra; in particular, large Stokes shifts were observed in the truxenyl monoanion and dianion with high emission quantum yield and time of decay. Overall, stepwise deprotonation of truxene provides the first crystallographically characterized examples of truxenyl anions with three different charges and charge-dependent optical properties, pointing to their potential applications in carbon-based functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Herdya S Torchon
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zhenyi Zhang
- Bruker (Beijing) Scientific Technology Co., Ltd Shanghai 200233 China
| | - Haixiang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China
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5
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Gu Y, Torchon HS, Zhu Y, Wei Z, Schollmeyer D, Wagner M, Ni Y, Wu Z, Wu H, Zhou Y, Qiu Z, Petrukhina MA, Müllen K. Twisted Diindeno-Fused Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene Derivatives and their Dianions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307750. [PMID: 37365137 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
We report a facile synthesis of diindeno-fused dibenzo[a,h]anthracene derivatives (DIDBA-2Cl, DIDBA-2Ph, and DIDBA-2H) with different degrees of non-planarity using three substituents (chloro, phenyl, and hydrogen) of various sizes. The planarization of their cores, as evidenced by the decreased end-to-end torsional angles, was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Their enhanced energy gaps with twisting were investigated by a combination of spectroscopic and electrochemical methods with density functional theory, which showed a transition from singlet open-shell to closed-shell configuration. Moreover, their doubly reduced states, DIDBA-2Ph2- and DIDBA-2H2- , were achieved by chemical reduction. The structures of dianions were identified by X-ray crystallographic analysis, which elucidated that the electron charging further distorted the backbones. The electronic structure of the dianions was demonstrated by experimental and theoretical approaches, suggesting decreased energy gaps with larger non-planarity, different from the neutral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Gu
- Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Herdya S Torchon
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department of chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zehua Wu
- Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hao Wu
- Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yazhou Zhou
- Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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6
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Pennachio M, Zhou Z, Wei Z, Tsybizova A, Gershoni-Poranne R, Petrukhina MA. Interplay of Charge and Aromaticity Upon Chemical Reduction of p-Quinquephenyl with Alkali Metals. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Pennachio
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Cao’an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Alexandra Tsybizova
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Renana Gershoni-Poranne
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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7
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Zhou Z, Egger DT, Hu C, Pennachio M, Wei Z, Kawade RK, Üngör Ö, Gershoni-Poranne R, Petrukhina MA, Alabugin IV. Localized Antiaromaticity Hotspot Drives Reductive Dehydrogenative Cyclizations in Bis- and Mono-Helicenes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12321-12338. [PMID: 35652918 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe reductive dehydrogenative cyclizations that form hepta-, nona-, and decacyclic anionic graphene subunits from mono- and bis-helicenes with an embedded five-membered ring. The reaction of bis-helicenes can either proceed to the full double annulation or be interrupted by addition of molecular oxygen at an intermediate stage. The regioselectivity of the interrupted cyclization cascade for bis-helicenes confirms that relief of antiaromaticity is a dominant force for these facile ring closures. Computational analysis reveals the unique role of the preexisting negatively charged cyclopentadienyl moiety in directing the second negative charge at a specific remote location and, thus, creating a localized antiaromatic region. This region is the hotspot that promotes the initial cyclization. Computational studies, including MO analysis, molecular electrostatic potential maps, and NICS(1.7)ZZ calculations, evaluate the interplay of the various effects including charge delocalization, helicene strain release, and antiaromaticity. The role of antiaromaticity relief is further supported by efficient reductive closure of the less strained monohelicenes where the relief of antiaromaticity promotes the cyclization even when the strain is substantially reduced. The latter finding significantly expands the scope of this reductive alternative to the Scholl ring closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Dominic T Egger
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8903, Switzerland
| | - Chaowei Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Matthew Pennachio
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Rahul K Kawade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Ökten Üngör
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Renana Gershoni-Poranne
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8903, Switzerland.,Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion ─ Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City 32000, Israel
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Igor V Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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8
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Zhou Z, Zhu Y, Fernández-García JM, Wei Z, Fernández I, Petrukhina MA, Martín N. Stepwise reduction of a corannulene-based helical molecular nanographene with Na metal. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5574-5577. [PMID: 35353101 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00971d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The chemical reduction of a corannulene-based molecular nanographene, C76H64 (1), with Na metal in the presence of 18-crown-6 afforded the doubly-reduced state of 1. This reduction provokes a distortion of the helicene core and has a significant impact on the aromaticity of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany, NY 12222, USA. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Cao'an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany, NY 12222, USA.
| | - Jesús M Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany, NY 12222, USA.
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany, NY 12222, USA.
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain. .,IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Zhang X, Mackinnon MR, Bodwell GJ, Ito S. Synthesis of a π-Extended Azacorannulenophane Enabled by Strain-Induced 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116585. [PMID: 35148448 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The first example of a cyclophane bearing a nitrogen-containing buckybowl was synthesized via sequential 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and palladium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization. The key to the successful synthesis is the strain-induced 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of a polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylide to the K-region of [7](2,7)pyrenophane. The resulting π-extended azacorannulenophane exhibits intriguing structural and physical properties, including unique variation of bowl depth, extraordinarily high-field chemical shifts in its 1 H NMR spectrum, a decreased HOMO-LUMO gap, and a red shift in the absorption/emission spectrum, when compared to those of the parent azacorannulene. These characteristics are derived from both the π-extension to the polycyclic aromatic system in the cyclophane structure and the increased curvature enforced by the seven-carbon aliphatic chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjiang Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Marc R Mackinnon
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Graham J Bodwell
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Shingo Ito
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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10
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Fully conjugated azacorannulene dimer as large diaza[80]fullerene fragment. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1498. [PMID: 35314682 PMCID: PMC8938435 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29106-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA fully conjugated azacorannulene dimer with a large π-surface (76π system) was successfully synthesized from a fully conjugated bifunctional polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylide. This molecule represents an example of diaza[80]fullerene (C78N2) fragment molecule bearing two internal nitrogen atoms. X-ray crystallography analysis shows its boat-shaped structure with two terminal azacorannulenes bent in the same direction. The molecular shape leads to unique selective association with a dumbbell-shaped C60 dimer (C120) over C60 through shape recognition. Owing to its large π-surface and a narrow HOMO–LUMO gap, the azacorannulene dimer exhibits red fluorescence with a quantum yield of up to 31%. The utilization of the fully conjugated bifunctional azomethine ylide is a powerful method for the bottom-up synthesis of large multiazafullerene fragments, providing a step towards the selective total synthesis of multiazafullerenes.
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11
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Zhou Z, Zhu Y, Wei Z, Bergner J, Neiß C, Doloczki S, Görling A, Kivala M, Petrukhina MA. Reversible structural rearrangement of π-expanded cyclooctatetraene upon two-fold reduction with alkali metals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3206-3209. [PMID: 35174826 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00218c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The chemical reduction of a π-expanded COT derivative, octaphenyltetrabenzocyclooctatetraene (1), with lithium or sodium metals in the presence of secondary ligands affords a new doubly-reduced product (1TR2-). The X-ray diffraction study revealed a reductive core rearrangement accompanied by the formation of a single C-C bond and severe twist of the central tetraphenylene core. The reversibility of two-electron reduction and core transformation is further confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
| | - John Bergner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany. .,Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Christian Neiß
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Susanne Doloczki
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Organic Chemistry I Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany. .,Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
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12
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Zhang X, Mackinnon MR, Bodwell GJ, Ito S. Synthesis of a π‐Extended Azacorannulenophane Enabled by Strain‐Induced 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjiang Zhang
- Nanyang Technological University School of Physical and Mathematical sciences 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore SINGAPORE
| | - Marc R. Mackinnon
- Memorial University of Newfoundland Chemistry A1B 3X7 St. John's CANADA
| | - Graham J. Bodwell
- Memorial University of Newfoundland Chemistry A1B 3X7 St. John’s CANADA
| | - Shingo Ito
- Nanyang Technological University School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore SINGAPORE
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13
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Borissov A, Maurya YK, Moshniaha L, Wong WS, Żyła-Karwowska M, Stępień M. Recent Advances in Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 122:565-788. [PMID: 34850633 PMCID: PMC8759089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent progress in the chemistry of polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules with a focus on structural diversity and synthetic methodology. The article covers literature published during the period of 2016-2020, providing an update to our first review of this topic (Chem. Rev. 2017, 117 (4), 3479-3716).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet
Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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14
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Kise K, Ooi S, Saito H, Yorimitsu H, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Five‐Fold Symmetric Pentaindolo‐ and Pentakis(benzoindolo)Corannulenes: Unique Structural Dynamics Derived from the Combination of Helical and Bowl Inversions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kise
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Shota Ooi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hayate Saito
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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15
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Spisak SN, Zhou Z, Liu S, Xu Q, Wei Z, Kato K, Segawa Y, Itami K, Rogachev AY, Petrukhina MA. Stepwise Generation of Mono‐, Di‐, and Triply‐Reduced Warped Nanographenes: Charge‐Dependent Aromaticity, Surface Nonequivalence, Swing Distortion, and Metal Binding Sites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Shuyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Chemistry Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Kenta Kato
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Nagoya University, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Nagoya University, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- JST ERATO Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8787 Japan
- Department of Structural Molecular Science SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8787 Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Nagoya University, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- JST ERATO Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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16
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Spisak SN, Zhou Z, Liu S, Xu Q, Wei Z, Kato K, Segawa Y, Itami K, Rogachev AY, Petrukhina MA. Stepwise Generation of Mono-, Di-, and Triply-Reduced Warped Nanographenes: Charge-Dependent Aromaticity, Surface Nonequivalence, Swing Distortion, and Metal Binding Sites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25445-25453. [PMID: 34554612 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The stepwise chemical reduction of a molecular warped nanographene (WNG) having a negatively curved π-surface and defined C80 H30 composition with Cs metal used as the reducing and complexing agent allowed the isolation of three different reduced states with one, two, and three electrons added to its π-conjugated system. This provided a unique series of nanosized carbanions with increasing negative charge for in-depth structural analysis of consequences of controlled electron charging of non-planar nanographenes, using X-ray crystallographic and computational tools. The 3D molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps identified the negative charge localization at the central part of the WNG surface where selective coordination of Cs+ ions is confirmed crystallographically. In-depth theoretical investigation revealed a complex response of the WNG to the stepwise electron acquisition. The extended and contorted π-surface of the WNG undergoes subtle swinging distortions that are accompanied by notable changes in the electronic structure and site-dependent aromaticity of the resulting carbanions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Shuyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Kenta Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Structural Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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17
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Kise K, Ooi S, Saito H, Yorimitsu H, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Five-Fold Symmetric Pentaindolo- and Pentakis(benzoindolo)Corannulenes: Unique Structural Dynamics Derived from the Combination of Helical and Bowl Inversions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112589. [PMID: 34738305 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Peripherally π-extended corannulenes bearing quintuple azahelicene units, 10 and 11, were prepared and their dynamic behaviors were studied experimentally and theoretically. The fused corannulenes were synthesized from sym-pentabromocorannulene in three steps. X-Ray diffraction analysis for 10 displayed a conformer possessing a P(M) bowl chirality and a PPMPM (PMPMM) helical chirality, which was found to be the most stable conformer(s). Variable-temperature NMR measurements of 10 and 11 revealed that their structural isomers can be interconvertible in solution, depending on the steric congestion around the helical scaffolds. Automated search for conformers in the equilibrium and transition states by Artificial Force Induced Reaction (AFIR) method revealed their interconversion networks, including bowl-inversion and helical-inversion. This analysis indicated that the co-existing corannulene and azahelicene moieties influence the conformational dynamics, which leads to mitigation of the activation energy barriers for isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kise
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shota Ooi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hayate Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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18
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Leith GA, Shustova NB. Graphitic supramolecular architectures based on corannulene, fullerene, and beyond. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10125-10138. [PMID: 34523630 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02896k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this Feature Article, we survey the advances made in the field of fulleretic materials over the last five years. Merging the intriguing characteristics of fulleretic molecules with hierarchical materials can lead to enhanced properties of the latter for applications in optoelectronic, biomaterial, and heterogeneous catalysis sectors. As there has been significant growth in the development of fullerene- and corannulene-containing materials, this article will focus on studies performed during the last five years exclusively, and highlight the recent trends in designing fulleretic compounds and understanding their properties, that has enriched the repertoire of carbon-rich functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle A Leith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA.
| | - Natalia B Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA.
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19
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Zhou Z, Üngör Ö, Wei Z, Shatruk M, Tsybizova A, Gershoni-Poranne R, Petrukhina MA. Tuning Magnetic Interactions Between Triphenylene Radicals by Variation of Crystal Packing in Structures with Alkali Metal Counterions. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:14844-14853. [PMID: 34524808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The monoanion of triphenylene (C18H12, 1) was generated in THF using several alkali metals (Na, K, Rb, and Cs) as reducing agents and crystallized with the corresponding cations in the presence of 18-crown-6 ether. The UV-vis spectroscopy points to the metal-dependent coordination environment of the triphenylene monoanion-radicals, 1·-, in solution. The X-ray diffraction characterization confirmed the formation of a solvent-separated ion pair (SSIP) with sodium ions, [{Na+(18-crown-6)(THF)2}(1·-)] (2), and three contact-ion pair (CIP) complexes formed by larger alkali metal ions, [{K+(18-crown-6)}(1·-)] (3), [{Rb+(18-crown-6)}(1·-)] (4), and [{Cs+(18-crown-6)}(1·-)] (5). Structural analysis of the series reveals a notable geometry perturbation of the triphenylene framework in 2 caused by one-electron acquisition, which is further enhanced by direct metal binding in 3-5. This has been correlated with the aromaticity changes and charge redistribution upon one-electron reduction of 1, as revealed by the computational studies. The EPR spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements confirm antiferromagnetic interactions corresponding to an S = 1/2 system in the solid state. The magnetic behavior of 3-5 correlates with the arrangement of triphenylene radicals in the crystal structures. All three compounds exhibit antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions between S = 1/2 radicals in the solid state, but the exchange coupling in 4 and 5 is notably stronger than that in 3, which leads to AFM ordering at 3.8 K in 4 and at 2.0 K in 5. The magnetic phase transitions in 4 and 5 can be interpreted as originating from interactions between the chains of the AFM-coupled S = 1/2 radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Ökten Üngör
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Michael Shatruk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | | | - Renana Gershoni-Poranne
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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20
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Krzeszewski M, Dobrzycki Ł, Sobolewski AL, Cyrański MK, Gryko DT. Bowl-Shaped Pentagon- and Heptagon-Embedded Nanographene Containing a Central Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14998-15005. [PMID: 33831270 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A bowl-shaped nitrogen-doped nanographene composed of a pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole core substituted with six arene rings circularly bonded with one another has been prepared via a concise synthetic strategy encompassing the multicomponent tetraarylpyrrolopyrrole (TAPP) synthesis, the Scholl reaction, and intramolecular direct arylation. This synthesis represents the first case of programmed sequential intramolecular direct arylation reactions utilizing the different reactivity of C-Br and C-Cl bonds. The target compound contains two central pentagons confined between two adjacent heptagons-the inverse Stone-Thrower-Wales topology. The presence of both five- and seven-membered rings in the final structure is responsible for interesting properties such as a perpendicularly aligned dipole moment, absorption and fluorescence in the orange-red region, weak emission originating from the charge-transfer character of a low-energy absorption band, and a high lying HOMO. In the solid state slipped convex-to-convex π-π stacking dominates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej L Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał K Cyrański
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Krzeszewski M, Dobrzycki Ł, Sobolewski AL, Cyrański MK, Gryko DT. Bowl‐Shaped Pentagon‐ and Heptagon‐Embedded Nanographene Containing a Central Pyrrolo[3,2‐
b
]pyrrole Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44–52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Andrzej L. Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Al. Lotników 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał K. Cyrański
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44–52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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22
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Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Lan D, Pun SH, Zhou Z, Wei Z, Wang Y, Lee HK, Lin C, Wang J, Petrukhina MA, Li Q, Miao Q. Charging a Negatively Curved Nanographene and Its Covalent Network. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5231-5238. [PMID: 33764047 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study explores a bottom-up approach toward negatively curved carbon allotropes from octabenzo[8]circulene, a negatively curved nanographene. Stepwise chemical reduction reactions of octabenzo[8]circulene with alkali metals lead to a unique highly reduced hydrocarbon pentaanion, which is revealed by X-ray crystallography suggesting a local view for the reduction and alkali metal intercalation processes of negatively curved carbon allotropes. Polymerization of the tetrabromo derivative of octabenzo[8]circulene by the nickel-mediated Yamamoto coupling reaction results in a new type of porous carbon-rich material, which consists of a covalent network of negatively curved nanographenes. It has a specific surface area of 732 m2 g-1 and functions as anode material for lithium ion batteries exhibiting a maximum capacity of 830 mAh·g-1 at a current density of 100 mA·g-1. These results indicate that this covalent network presents the key structural and functional features of negatively curved carbon allotropes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States of America
| | - Danni Lan
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sai Ho Pun
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States of America
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States of America
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung Kay Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao Lin
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiangpeng Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States of America
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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23
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Synthesis of π-extended dibenzo[d,k]ullazines by a palladium-catalyzed double annulation using arynes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Buckybowls have concave and convex surfaces with distinct π-electron cloud distribution, and consequently they show unique structural and electronic features as compared to planar aromatic polycycles. Doping the π-framework of buckybowls with heteroatoms is an efficient scheme to tailor inherent properties, because the nature of heteroatoms plays a pivotal role in the structural and electronic characteristics of the resulting hetera-buckybowls. The design, synthesis, and derivatization of hetera-buckybowls open an avenue for obtaining fascinating organic entities not only of fundamental importance but also of promising applications in optoelectronics. In this review, we summarize the advances in hetera-buckybowl chemistry, particularly the synthetic strategies toward these scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.
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25
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Zhu Y, Zhou Z, Wei Z, Petrukhina MA. Two-Fold Reduction of Dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctatetraene with Group 1 Metals: From Lithium to Cesium. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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26
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Zhou Z, Fu L, Hu Y, Wang X, Wei Z, Narita A, Müllen K, Petrukhina MA. Compressing Double [7]Helicene by Successive Charging with Electrons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15923-15927. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Lin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Weijin Road 94 Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yunbin Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University 932 Lushan S Rd Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Xiao‐Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Weijin Road 94 Tianjin 300071 China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Akimutsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
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27
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Zhou Z, Fu L, Hu Y, Wang X, Wei Z, Narita A, Müllen K, Petrukhina MA. Compressing Double [7]Helicene by Successive Charging with Electrons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Lin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Weijin Road 94 Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yunbin Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University 932 Lushan S Rd Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Xiao‐Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Weijin Road 94 Tianjin 300071 China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Akimutsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
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28
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Nakamura K, Li QQ, Krejčí O, Foster AS, Sun K, Kawai S, Ito S. On-Surface Synthesis of a π-Extended Diaza[8]circulene. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11363-11369. [PMID: 32413264 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic [8]circulenes are an important class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules because of their unique structural properties and promising applications. However, the synthesis of heterocyclic [8]circulenes is still limited and thus is an important synthetic challenge. Here we describe the first example of a π-extended diaza[8]circulene surrounded by and fused with six hexagons and two pentagons, which was successfully synthesized only by a combined in-solution and on-surface synthetic strategy. State-of-the-art scanning tunneling microscopy with a CO-functionalized tip and density functional theory calculations revealed its planar conformation and unique electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiro Nakamura
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Qiang-Qiang Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Ondřej Krejčí
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto 00076, Finland
| | - Adam S Foster
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto 00076, Finland.,WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kewei Sun
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kawai
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Shingo Ito
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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29
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Kawahara KP, Matsuoka W, Ito H, Itami K. Synthesis of Nitrogen-Containing Polyaromatics by Aza-Annulative π-Extension of Unfunctionalized Aromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6383-6388. [PMID: 32011794 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds (N-PACs) are an important class of compounds in materials science. Reported here is a new aza-annulative π-extension (aza-APEX) reaction that allows rapid access to a range of N-PACs in 11-84 % yields from readily available unfunctionalized aromatics and imidoyl chlorides. In the presence of silver hexafluorophosphate, arenes and imidoyl chlorides couple in a regioselective fashion. The follow-up oxidative treatment with p-chloranil affords structurally diverse N-PACs, which are very difficult to synthesize. DFT calculations reveal that the aza-APEX reaction proceeds through the formal [4+2] cycloaddition of an arene and an in situ generated diarylnitrilium salt, with sequential aromatizations having relatively low activation energies. Transformation of N-PACs into nitrogen-doped nanographenes and their photophysical properties are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kou P Kawahara
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Wataru Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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30
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Kawahara KP, Matsuoka W, Ito H, Itami K. Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Containing Polyaromatics by Aza‐Annulative π‐Extension of Unfunctionalized Aromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kou P. Kawahara
- Graduate School of ScienceNagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Wataru Matsuoka
- Graduate School of ScienceNagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of ScienceNagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- JST-ERATOItami Molecular Nanocarbon ProjectNagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of ScienceNagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- JST-ERATOItami Molecular Nanocarbon ProjectNagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM)Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
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31
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Zhou Z, Kawade RK, Wei Z, Kuriakose F, Üngör Ö, Jo M, Shatruk M, Gershoni‐Poranne R, Petrukhina MA, Alabugin IV. Negative Charge as a Lens for Concentrating Antiaromaticity: Using a Pentagonal “Defect” and Helicene Strain for Cyclizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Rahul Kisan Kawade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Febin Kuriakose
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | - Ökten Üngör
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | - Minyoung Jo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | - Michael Shatruk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | | | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
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32
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Zhou Z, Kawade RK, Wei Z, Kuriakose F, Üngör Ö, Jo M, Shatruk M, Gershoni‐Poranne R, Petrukhina MA, Alabugin IV. Negative Charge as a Lens for Concentrating Antiaromaticity: Using a Pentagonal “Defect” and Helicene Strain for Cyclizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1256-1262. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Rahul Kisan Kawade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Febin Kuriakose
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | - Ökten Üngör
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | - Minyoung Jo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | - Michael Shatruk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | | | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
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