1
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Xi L, Wang M, Liang Y, Zhao Y, Shi Z. Tunably strained metallacycles enable modular differentiation of aza-arene C-H bonds. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3986. [PMID: 37414774 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39753-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise activation of C-H bonds will eventually provide chemists with transformative methods to access complex molecular architectures. Current approaches to selective C-H activation relying on directing groups are effective for the generation of five-membered, six-membered and even larger ring metallacycles but show narrow applicability to generate three- and four-membered rings bearing high ring strain. Furthermore, the identification of distinct small intermediates remains unsolved. Here, we developed a strategy to control the size of strained metallacycles in the rhodium-catalysed C-H activation of aza-arenes and applied this discovery to tunably incorporate the alkynes into their azine and benzene skeletons. By merging the rhodium catalyst with a bipyridine-type ligand, a three-membered metallacycle was obtained in the catalytic cycle, while utilizing an NHC ligand favours the generation of the four-membered metallacycle. The generality of this method was demonstrated with a range of aza-arenes, such as quinoline, benzo[f]quinolone, phenanthridine, 4,7-phenanthroline, 1,7-phenanthroline and acridine. Mechanistic studies revealed the origin of the ligand-controlled regiodivergence in the strained metallacycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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2
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Yang N, Shen C, Zhang G, Gan F, Ding Y, Crassous J, Qiu H. Helicity-modulated remote C-H functionalization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg6680. [PMID: 37115920 PMCID: PMC10146887 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Remote C-H functionalization is highly important for the conversion and utilization of arenes, but the conventional routes are comprehensively developed with the assistance of transition metal catalysts or templates. We report a facile metal/template-free electrochemical strategy for remote C-H functionalization in a helical system, where aromatic or aliphatic hydrogen act as a directing group to promote the alkoxylation at the opposite site of the helical skeleton by generating a unique helical "back-biting" environment. Such helicity-modulated C-H functionalization is prevalent for carbo[n]helicenes (n = 6 to 9, primitive or substituted) and hetero[6]helicenes and also occurs when the aryl hydrogen on the first position is replaced by a methyl group or a phenyl group. Thus, the relatively inert helicene skeleton can be precisely furnished with a rich array of alkoxy pendants with tunable functional moieties. Notably, the selective decoration of a methoxy group on N-methylated aza[6]helicene close or distant to the nitrogen atom leads to distinct luminescence variation upon changing the solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chengshuo Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Corresponding author. (H.Q.); (C.S.)
| | - Guoli Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fuwei Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yongle Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes 35042, France
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Corresponding author. (H.Q.); (C.S.)
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3
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Baroliya PK, Dhaker M, Panja S, Al-Thabaiti SA, Albukhari SM, Alsulami QA, Dutta A, Maiti D. Transition Metal-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization Through Electrocatalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202202201. [PMID: 36881013 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemically promoted transition metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization has emerged as a promising area of research over the last few decades. However, development in this field is still at an early stage compared to traditional functionalization reactions using chemical-based oxidizing agents. Recent reports have shown increased attention on electrochemically promoted metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization. From the standpoint of sustainability, environmental friendliness, and cost effectiveness, electrochemically promoted oxidation of a metal catalyst offers a mild, efficient, and atom-economical alternative to traditional chemical oxidants. This Review discusses advances in the field of transition metal-electrocatalyzed C-H functionalization over the past decade and describes how the unique features of electricity enable metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization in an economic and sustainable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Baroliya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Mukesh Dhaker
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Subir Panja
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Shaeel Ahmed Al-Thabaiti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soha M Albukhari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qana A Alsulami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arnab Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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4
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Fan Z, Chen X, Tanaka K, Park HS, Lam NYS, Wong JJ, Houk KN, Yu JQ. Molecular editing of aza-arene C-H bonds by distance, geometry and chirality. Nature 2022; 610:87-93. [PMID: 35944562 PMCID: PMC10292866 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Direct molecular editing of heteroarene carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds through consecutive selective C-H functionalization has the potential to grant rapid access into diverse chemical spaces, which is a valuable but often challenging venture to achieve in medicinal chemistry1. In contrast to electronically biased heterocyclic C-H bonds2-9, remote benzocyclic C-H bonds on bicyclic aza-arenes are especially difficult to differentiate because of the lack of intrinsic steric/electronic biases10-12. Here we report two conceptually distinct directing templates that enable the modular differentiation and functionalization of adjacent remote (C6 versus C7) and positionally similar (C3 versus C7) positions on bicyclic aza-arenes through careful modulation of distance, geometry and previously unconsidered chirality in template design. This strategy enables direct C-H olefination, alkynylation and allylation at adjacent C6 and C7 positions of quinolines in the presence of a competing C3 position that is spatially similar to C7. Notably, such site-selective, iterative and late-stage C-H editing of quinoline-containing pharmacophores can be performed in a modular fashion in different orders to suit bespoke synthetic applications. This Article, in combination with previously reported complementary methods, now fully establishes a unified late-stage 'molecular editing' strategy to directly modify bicyclic aza-arenes at any given site in different orders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoulong Fan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Keita Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Han Seul Park
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nelson Y S Lam
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan J Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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5
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Mandal D, Roychowdhury S, Biswas JP, Maiti S, Maiti D. Transition-metal-catalyzed C-H bond alkylation using olefins: recent advances and mechanistic aspects. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7358-7426. [PMID: 35912472 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00923k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalysis has contributed immensely to C-C bond formation reactions over the last few decades, and alkylation is no exception. The superiority of such methodologies over traditional alkylation is evident from minimal reaction steps, shorter reaction times, and atom economy while also allowing control over regio- and stereo-selectivity. In particular, hydrocarbonation of alkenes has grabbed increased attention due its fundamental ability to effectively and selectively synthesise a wide range of industrially and pharmaceutically relevant moieties. This review attempts to provide a scientific viewpoint and a systematic analysis of the recent developments in transition-metal-catalyzed alkylation of various C-H bonds using simple and activated olefins. The key features and mechanistic studies involved in these transformations are described briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Sumali Roychowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Jyoti Prasad Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Siddhartha Maiti
- School of Bioengineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Bhopal University, Bhopal-Indore Highway, Kothrikalan, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh-466114, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India. .,Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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6
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de las Heras L, Esteruelas MA, Oliván M, Oñate E. Rhodium-Promoted C-H Bond Activation of Quinoline, Methylquinolines, and Related Mono-Substituted Quinolines. Organometallics 2022; 41:2317-2326. [PMID: 36866062 PMCID: PMC9969481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The C-H bond activation of methylquinolines, quinoline, 3-methoxyquinoline, and 3-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline promoted by the square-planar rhodium(I) complex RhH{κ3-P,O,P-[xant(PiPr2)2]} [1; xant(PiPr2)2 = 9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diisopropylphosphino)xanthene] has been systematically studied. Results reveal that the activation of the heteroring is preferred over the activation of the carbocycle, and the activated position depends upon the position of the substituent in the substrate. Thus, 3-, 4-, and 5-methylquinoline reacts with 1 to quantitatively form square-planar rhodium(I)-(2-quinolinyl) derivatives, whereas 2-, 6-, and 7-methylquinoline quantitatively leads to rhodium(I)-(4-quinolinyl) species. By contrast, quinoline and 8-methylquinoline afford mixtures of the respective rhodium(I)-(2-quinolinyl) and -(4-quinolinyl) complexes. 3-Methoxyquinoline displays the same behavior as that of 3-methylquinoline, while 3-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline yields a mixture of rhodium(I)-(2-quinolinyl), -(4-quinolinyl), -(6-quinolinyl), and -(7-quinolinyl) isomers.
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7
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Bang J, Gi S, Lee Y, Tan KL, Lee S. Meta-Selective C-H Functionalization of Arylsilanes Using a Silicon Tethered Directing Group. Org Lett 2022; 24:5181-5185. [PMID: 35822845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe meta-selective C-H functionalization of arylsilanes using a Si-tethered directing group. The current method enables a selective alkenylation of arenes bearing a variety of functional groups, and several electron-deficient olefins are also applicable as coupling partners. Further functional group transformations of the silicon-tethered directing group provide multisubstituted arenes efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehan Bang
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyun Gi
- School of Undergraduate Studies, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjung Lee
- School of Undergraduate Studies, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Kian L Tan
- Global Discovery Chemistry-SynTech Group, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sunggi Lee
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.,Center for Basic Science, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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8
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Feng XQ, Wang HC, Li Z, Tang L, Sun X, Yang K. Transition-metal-catalyzed remote C-H functionalization of thioethers. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10835-10845. [PMID: 35424975 PMCID: PMC8988276 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01268e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, transition-metal-catalyzed direct C-H bond functionalization has been recognized as one of most efficient approaches for the derivatization of thioethers. Within this category, both mono- and bidentate-directing group strategies achieved the remote C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H functionalization of thioethers, respectively. This review systematically introduces the major advances and their mechanisms in the field of transition-metal-catalyzed remote C-H functionalization of thioethers from 2010 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Feng
- School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 China
| | - He-Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 China
| | - Zhi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 China
| | - Long Tang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 China
| | - Xiaoqiang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 China
| | - Ke Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 China
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9
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Fernández-Figueiras A, Ravutsov MA, Simeonov SP. Site-Selective C-H Functionalization of Arenes Enabled by Noncovalent Interactions. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:6439-6448. [PMID: 35252639 PMCID: PMC8892649 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The direct metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization of arenes has emerged as a powerful tool for streamlining the synthesis of complex molecular scaffolds. However, despite the different chemical environments, the energy values of all C-H bonds are within a fairly narrow range; hence, the regioselective C-H bond functionalization poses a great challenge. The use of covalently bound directing groups is to date the most exploited approach to achieve regioselective C-H functionalization of arenes. However, the required installation and removal of those groups is a serious drawback. Recently, new strategies for regioselective metal-catalyzed distal C-H functionalization of arenes based on noncovalent forces (hydrogen bonds, Lewis acid-base interactions, ionic or electrostatic forces, etc.) have been developed to tackle these issues. Nowadays, these approaches have already showcased impressive advances. Therefore, the aim of this mini-review is to cover chronologically how these groundbreaking strategies evolved over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Fernández-Figueiras
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy
of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Martin A. Ravutsov
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy
of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Svilen P. Simeonov
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy
of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Research
Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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10
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11
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Sinha SK, Guin S, Maiti S, Biswas JP, Porey S, Maiti D. Toolbox for Distal C-H Bond Functionalizations in Organic Molecules. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5682-5841. [PMID: 34662117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalyzed C-H activation has developed a contemporary approach to the omnipresent area of retrosynthetic disconnection. Scientific researchers have been tempted to take the help of this methodology to plan their synthetic discourses. This paradigm shift has helped in the development of industrial units as well, making the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceutical drugs step-economical. In the vast zone of C-H bond activation, the functionalization of proximal C-H bonds has gained utmost popularity. Unlike the activation of proximal C-H bonds, the distal C-H functionalization is more strenuous and requires distinctly specialized techniques. In this review, we have compiled various methods adopted to functionalize distal C-H bonds, mechanistic insights within each of these procedures, and the scope of the methodology. With this review, we give a complete overview of the expeditious progress the distal C-H activation has made in the field of synthetic organic chemistry while also highlighting its pitfalls, thus leaving the field open for further synthetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Kumar Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Srimanta Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sudip Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Jyoti Prasad Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sandip Porey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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12
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Prabagar B, Yang Y, Shi Z. Site-selective C-H functionalization to access the arene backbone of indoles and quinolines. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11249-11269. [PMID: 34486584 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00334d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The site-selective C-H bond functionalization of heteroarenes can eventually provide chemists with great techniques for editing and building complex molecular scaffolds. During the past decade, benzo-fused N-heterocycles such as indoles and quinolines have been among the most widely investigated organic templates. Early developments have led to site-selective C-H bond functionalization on the pyrrole and pyridine cores of indoles and quinolines; however, C-H functionalization on the benzenoid ring has remained a great challenge in catalysis. In this review, we elaborate on recent developments in the highly challenging functionalization of C-H bonds on the less-reactive benzenoid core of indoles and quinolines. These findings are mainly described as selective directing group assisted strategies, remote C-H functionalization techniques and their reaction mechanisms. The underlying principle in each strategy is elucidated, which aims to facilitate the design of a more advanced structure of heterocycles based on bioactive molecules, synthetic drugs, and material aspects. Moreover, the challenges and perspectives for catalytic C-H functionalization to access the arene backbone of indoles and quinolines are also proposed in the conclusion section.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Prabagar
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Youqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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13
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Jacob C, Maes BUW, Evano G. Transient Directing Groups in Metal-Organic Cooperative Catalysis. Chemistry 2021; 27:13899-13952. [PMID: 34286873 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The direct functionalization of C-H bonds is among the most fundamental chemical transformations in organic synthesis. However, when the innate reactivity of the substrate cannot be utilized for the functionalization of a given single C-H bond, this selective C-H bond functionalization mostly relies on the use of directing groups that allow bringing the catalyst in close proximity to the C-H bond to be activated and these directing groups need to be installed before and cleaved after the transformation, which involves two additional undesired synthetic operations. These additional steps dramatically reduce the overall impact and the attractiveness of C-H bond functionalization techniques since classical approaches based on substrate pre-functionalization are sometimes still more straightforward and appealing. During the past decade, a different approach involving both the in situ installation and removal of the directing group, which can then often be used in a catalytic manner, has emerged: the transient directing group strategy. In addition to its innovative character, this strategy has brought C-H bond functionalization to an unprecedented level of usefulness and has enabled the development of remarkably efficient processes for the direct and selective introduction of functional groups onto both aromatic and aliphatic substrates. The processes unlocked by the development of these transient directing groups will be comprehensively overviewed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Jacob
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bert U W Maes
- Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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14
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15
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Corio A, Gravier-Pelletier C, Busca P. Regioselective Functionalization of Quinolines through C-H Activation: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2021; 26:5467. [PMID: 34576936 PMCID: PMC8466797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoline is a versatile heterocycle that is part of numerous natural products and countless drugs. During the last decades, this scaffold also became widely used as ligand in organometallic catalysis. Therefore, access to functionalized quinolines is of great importance and continuous efforts have been made to develop efficient and regioselective synthetic methods. In this regard, C-H functionalization through transition metal catalysis, which is nowadays the Graal of organic green chemistry, represents the most attractive strategy. We aim herein at providing a comprehensive review of methods that allow site-selective metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization of quinolines, or their quinoline N-oxides counterparts, with a specific focus on their scope and limitations, as well as mechanistic aspects if that accounts for the selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patricia Busca
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR CNRS 8601, Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; (A.C.); (C.G.-P.)
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16
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Li G, Yan Y, Zhang P, Xu X, Jin Z. Palladium-Catalyzed meta-Selective C–H Functionalization by Noncovalent H-Bonding Interaction. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoshuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elementoorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yifei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Elementoorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elementoorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elementoorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Elementoorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Native Medicinal and Edible Plant Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Enviromental Science, Kashi University, Kashgar 844007, China
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17
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Li Y, Wang XY, Ren X, Dou B, Zhu X, Hao XQ, Song MP. Iron-Mediated Selective Sulfonylmethylation of Aniline Derivatives with p-Toluenesulfonylmethyl Isocyanide (TosMIC). J Org Chem 2021; 86:7179-7188. [PMID: 33960194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An iron-mediated highly selective C-H sulfonylmethylation of aniline derivatives with p-toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide in a mixture solvent of H2O and PEG400 under an Ar atmosphere has been realized. This transformation proceeds with operational convenience, use of earth-abundant metal catalyst and nontoxic media, broad substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance. The current methodology could be applied to the regioselective C-H sulfonylmethylation of indolines, tetrahydroquinolines, and tertiary anilines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigao Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Yan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohuang Ren
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Baoheng Dou
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xinju Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Qi Hao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Ping Song
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
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18
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Strategic evolution in transition metal-catalyzed directed C–H bond activation and future directions. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Trouvé J, Gramage-Doria R. Beyond hydrogen bonding: recent trends of outer sphere interactions in transition metal catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3565-3584. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01339k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of interactions beyond hydrogen bonding in the 2nd coordination sphere of transition metal catalysts is rare. However, it has already shown great promise in last 5 years, providing new tools to control the activity and selectivity as here reviewed.
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20
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Chen X, Xiao F, He WM. Recent developments in the difunctionalization of alkenes with C–N bond formation. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00375e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Various alkene difunctionalization reactions involving nitridization, diamination, azidation, oxyamination, carboamination, aminohalogenation, and nitration are introduced in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Wei-Min He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
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21
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Bagdi AK, Pattanayak P, Paul S, Mitra M, Choudhuri T, Sheikh AS. Application of Conjugated Carbonyls in the Synthesis of Heterocycles via Oxidative Cycloaddition and Cyclization Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avik Kumar Bagdi
- Department of Chemistry University of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 India
| | | | - Suvam Paul
- Department of Chemistry University of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 India
| | - Mousree Mitra
- Department of Chemistry University of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 India
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22
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Golmohammadi F, Balalaie S, Fathi Vavsari V, Anwar MU, Al-Harrasi A. Synthesis of Spiro-β-lactam-pyrroloquinolines as Fused Heterocyclic Scaffolds through Post-transformation Reactions. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13141-13152. [PMID: 32988202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A sequential post-transformation of Ugi four-component reaction/nucleophilic substitution was developed for the synthesis of spiro-β-lactam-pyrroloquinolines. This method involves the Ugi-4CR of 2-chloro-3-formyl quinolines 1a-h, amines 2a-d, 2-chloroacetic acid 3, and isocyanides 4a, 4b for the synthesis of versatile precursors 5a-v. The Ugi adducts were intramolecularly cyclized under basic conditions through the sequential nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr)/second-order nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reaction to give spiro-β-lactam-pyrroloquinoline scaffolds 6a-t. This approach is an efficient method for the synthesis of fused bioactive heterocyclic backbones containing quinoline, pyrrolidone, and β-lactam with high bond-forming efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Golmohammadi
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran.,Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Vaezeh Fathi Vavsari
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad U Anwar
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, 616 Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, 616 Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
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23
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Bag D, Verma PK, Sawant SD. Chiral Transient Directing Group Strategies in Asymmetric Synthesis. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3225-3238. [PMID: 32822121 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel methodologies for catalytic enantioselective functionalization reactions enabled by chiral transient directing groups is accompanying in a paradigm shift in the field of asymmetric synthesis. In particular, these highly atom- and step-economic enantioinduction processes commonly proceed either via enantioselective C-H functionalization, or via enantioselective hydroarylation of the pro-chiral substrates generating point, axial or planar chirality. The use of the transient directing group strategy in C-H functionalizations precludes the stoichiometric installations and removal of directing groups and enables efficient, more compatible and economical chemical routes. This minireview highlights asymmetric transition-metal-catalyzed methodologies involving chiral transient directing groups together with the scope, utility and future perspective of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Bag
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Verma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India
| | - Sanghapal D Sawant
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India
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24
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Aboonajmi J, Sharghi H, Aberi M, Shiri P. Consecutive Oxidation/Condensation/Cyclization/Aromatization Sequences Catalyzed by Nanostructured Iron(III)‐Porphyrin Complex towards Benzoxazole Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasem Aboonajmi
- Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Shiraz University 71454 Shiraz Iran
| | - Hashem Sharghi
- Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Shiraz University 71454 Shiraz Iran
| | - Mahdi Aberi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Shahid Rajaee, Shiraz Branch Technical and Vocational University (TVU) Shiraz Iran
| | - Pezhman Shiri
- Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Shiraz University 71454 Shiraz Iran
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25
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Chu JH, Su ZH, Yen KW, Chien HI. Investigation of Stepwise and Stoichiometric Palladium-Mediated ortho-C–H Bond Arylation and Alkylation of 9(10 H)-Acridinone. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Ho Chu
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan
| | - Zhe-Hong Su
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Wang Yen
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-I Chien
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan
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26
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Chen H, Farizyan M, Gemmeren M. Regioselective Olefination of 3‐Substituted Five‐Membered Heteroarenes. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Mirxan Farizyan
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Manuel Gemmeren
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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27
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Yang K, Song M, Liu H, Ge H. Palladium-catalyzed direct asymmetric C-H bond functionalization enabled by the directing group strategy. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12616-12632. [PMID: 34123236 PMCID: PMC8163320 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03052j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, selective C-C and C-heteroatom bond construction through palladium-catalyzed direct C-H bond functionalization has been extensively studied by employing a variety of directing groups. Within this category, direct asymmetric C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H activation for the construction of highly enantiomerically enriched skeletons still progressed at a slow pace. This minireview briefly introduces the major advances in the field for palladium-catalyzed direct asymmetric C-H bond functionalization via the directing group strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 China
| | - Mengjie Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas 79409 USA
| | - Haibo Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas 79409 USA
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28
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Zhang H, Zhan XY, Dong Y, Yang J, He S, Shi ZC, Zhang XM, Wang JY. Dehydration in water: frustrated Lewis pairs directly catalyzed allylization of electron-rich arenes and allyl alcohols. RSC Adv 2020; 10:16942-16948. [PMID: 35521451 PMCID: PMC9053410 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02912b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A frustrated Lewis pair (FLP)-catalyzed allylation of allyl alcohols with electron-rich arenes has been developed. Interestingly, in this reaction, the electron-rich arenes and allyl alcohols are dehydrated in water. What's more, water was the sole byproduct of the reaction. In this protocol, various allyl alcohols can be converted into allyl cations and attacked by the electron-rich arenes to form aryl cation intermediates. Finally, the aryl cation intermediates are deprotonated to give the 1,3-diarylpropenes. In this protocol, indole allyl alcohols can undergo a bimolecular ring closure reaction, and structurally diverse tetrahydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazoles could be smoothly obtained. The reaction is not sensitive to oxygen and has been performed on a gram-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhan
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yu Dong
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Shuai He
- Southwest Minzu University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Chuan Shi
- Southwest Minzu University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Ji-Yu Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
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29
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Li X, Hu X, Liu Z, Yang J, Mei B, Dong Y, Liu G. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Selectively Oxidative C–H Alkenylation of N-Acylated Aryl Sulfonamides by Using Molecular Oxygen as an Oxidant. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5916-5926. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jingshu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
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30
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Golding WA, Phipps RJ. Electrostatically-directed Pd-catalysis in combination with C-H activation: site-selective coupling of remote chlorides with fluoroarenes and fluoroheteroarenes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3022-3027. [PMID: 34122805 PMCID: PMC8157713 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00105h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Systems incorporating catalyst-substrate non-covalent interactions are emerging as a versatile approach to address site-selectivity challenges in remote functionalization reactions. Given the achievements that have been made in this regard using metals such as iridium, manganese and rhodium, it is surprising that non-covalent catalyst direction has not been utilized in reactions incorporating palladium-catalyzed C-H activation steps, despite palladium being arguably the most versatile metal for C-H activation. Herein, we demonstrate that electrostatically directed, site-selective C-Cl oxidative addition is compatible with a subsequent C-H activation step, proceeding via a concerted metalation deprotonation-type mechanism. This results in site-selective cross-coupling of dichloroarenes with fluoroarenes and fluoroheteroarenes, with selectivity controlled by catalyst structure. This study demonstrates that Pd-catalyzed C-H activation can be used productively in combination with a non-covalently-directed mode of catalysis, with important implications in both fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Golding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Robert J Phipps
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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31
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Yuan Y, Guo X, Zhang X, Li B, Huang Q. Access to 5H-benzo[a]carbazol-6-ols and benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-b]indol-6-ols via rhodium-catalyzed C–H activation/carbenoid insertion/aldol-type cyclization. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00820f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The rhodium-catalyzed mono-ortho C–H activation/carbenoid insertion/aldol-type cyclization of 3-aldehyde-2-phenyl-1H-indoles with diazo compounds has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Yuan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Xiemin Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Buhong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Qiufeng Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
- P.R. China
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32
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Li S, Wang H, Weng Y, Li G. Carboxy Group as a Remote and Selective Chelating Group for C−H Activation of Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shangda Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 155 West Yang-Qiao Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 155 West Yang-Qiao Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yunxiang Weng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Ministry of EducationDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 155 West Yang-Qiao Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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33
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Li S, Wang H, Weng Y, Li G. Carboxy Group as a Remote and Selective Chelating Group for C−H Activation of Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18502-18507. [PMID: 31595622 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shangda Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 155 West Yang-Qiao Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 155 West Yang-Qiao Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yunxiang Weng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Ministry of EducationDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular SynthesisFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 155 West Yang-Qiao Road Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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