1
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Rondon B, Ungolan P, Wu L, Niu J. Chemically Recyclable Pseudo-Polysaccharides from Living Ring-Opening Polymerization of Glucurono-1,6-lactones. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39051936 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in synthetic methods and monomer design have given access to precision carbohydrate polymers that extend beyond native polysaccharides. In this article, we present the synthesis of a class of chemically recyclable ester-linked pseudo-polysaccharides via the living anionic ring-opening polymerization of glucurono-1,6-lactones. Notably, the pseudo-polysaccharides exhibited defined chain-end groups, well-controlled molecular weights, and narrow molecular weight distributions, all hallmarks of living polymerization. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our approach is modular, as evidenced by tunable glass transition temperatures (Tg) and the ability to produce both amorphous and semicrystalline polymers by adjusting the monomer side chain structure. Lastly, we showcased the complete catalytic chemical recycling of these pseudo-polysaccharides back to the monomers. The flexibility of the polymerization and the recyclability of these pseudo-polysaccharides promote a sustainable circular economy while offering the potential to access polysaccharide-like materials with tunable thermal and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brayan Rondon
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Poom Ungolan
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Lianqian Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Jia Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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2
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Wu L, Zhou Z, Sathe D, Zhou J, Dym S, Zhao Z, Wang J, Niu J. Precision native polysaccharides from living polymerization of anhydrosugars. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1276-1284. [PMID: 37106096 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The composition, sequence, length and type of glycosidic linkage of polysaccharides profoundly affect their biological and physical properties. However, investigation of the structure-function relationship of polysaccharides is hampered by difficulties in accessing well-defined polysaccharides in sufficient quantities. Here we report a chemical approach to precision polysaccharides with native glycosidic linkages via living cationic ring-opening polymerization of 1,6-anhydrosugars. We synthesized well-defined polysaccharides with tunable molecular weight, low dispersity and excellent regio- and stereo-selectivity using a boron trifluoride etherate catalyst and glycosyl fluoride initiators. Computational studies revealed that the reaction propagated through the monomer α-addition to the oxocarbenium and was controlled by the reversible deactivation of the propagating oxocarbenium to form the glycosyl fluoride dormant species. Our method afforded a facile and scalable pathway to multiple biologically relevant precision polysaccharides, including D-glucan, D-mannan and an unusual L-glucan. We demonstrated that catalytic depolymerization of precision polysaccharides efficiently regenerated monomers, suggesting their potential utility as a class of chemically recyclable materials with tailored thermal and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianqian Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Zefeng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Devavrat Sathe
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Junfeng Zhou
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Shoshana Dym
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Zhensheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Junpeng Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Jia Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
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3
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Wang X, Huo Z, Xie X, Shanaiah N, Tong R. Recent Advances in Sequence-Controlled Ring-Opening Copolymerizations of Monomer Mixtures. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201147. [PMID: 36571563 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Transforming renewable resources into functional and degradable polymers is driven by the ever-increasing demand to replace unsustainable polyolefins. However, the utility of many degradable homopolymers remains limited due to their inferior properties compared to commodity polyolefins. Therefore, the synthesis of sequence-defined copolymers from one-pot monomer mixtures is not only conceptually appealing in chemistry, but also economically attractive by maximizing materials usage and improving polymers' performances. Among many polymerization strategies, ring-opening (co)polymerization of cyclic monomers enables efficient access to degradable polymers with high control on molecular weights and molecular weight distributions. Herein, we highlight recent advances in achieving one-pot, sequence-controlled polymerizations of cyclic monomer mixtures using a single catalytic system that combines multiple catalytic cycles. The scopes of cyclic monomers, catalysts, and polymerization mechanisms are presented for this type of sequence-controlled ring-opening copolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ziyu Huo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Narasimhamurthy Shanaiah
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1040 Drillfield Drive, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Rong Tong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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4
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Palà M, Woods SE, Hatton FL, Lligadas G. RDRP (Meth)acrylic Homo and Block Polymers from Lignocellulosic Sugar Derivatives. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Palà
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry University Rovira i Virgili Tarragona 43007 Spain
| | - Sarah E. Woods
- Department of Materials Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - Fiona L. Hatton
- Department of Materials Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - Gerard Lligadas
- Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry University Rovira i Virgili Tarragona 43007 Spain
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5
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Porwal MK, Reddi Y, Saxon DJ, Cramer CJ, Ellison CJ, Reineke TM. Stereoregular Functionalized Polysaccharides via Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Biomass-derived Levoglucosan. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4512-4522. [PMID: 35656133 PMCID: PMC9019921 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00146b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the facile synthesis and characterization of 1,6-α linked functional stereoregular polysaccharides from biomass-derived levoglucosan via cationic ring-opening polymerization (cROP). Levoglucosan is a bicyclic acetal with rich hydroxyl functionality, which can be synthetically modified to install a variety of pendant groups for tailored properties. We have employed biocompatible and recyclable metal triflate catalysts – scandium and bismuth triflate – for green cROP of levoglucosan derivatives, even at very low catalyst loadings of 0.5 mol%. Combined experimental and computational studies provided key kinetic, thermodynamic, and mechanistic insights into the cROP of these derivatives with metal triflates. Computational studies reveal that ring-opening of levoglucosan derivatives is preferred at the 1,6 anhydro linkage and cROP proceeds in a regio- and stereo-specific manner to form 1,6-α glycosidic linkages. DFT calculations also show that biocompatible metal triflates efficiently coordinate with levoglucosan derivatives as compared to the highly toxic PF5 used previously. Post-polymerization modification of levoglucosan-based polysaccharides is readily performed via UV-initiated thiol–ene click reactions. The reported levoglucosan based polymers exhibit good thermal stability (Td > 250 °C) and a wide glass transition temperature (Tg) window (<−150 °C to 32 °C) that is accessible with thioglycerol and lauryl mercaptan pendant groups. This work demonstrates the utility of levoglucosan as a renewably-derived scaffold, enabling facile access to tailored polysaccharides that could be important in many applications ranging from sustainable materials to biologically active polymers. We demonstrate the facile synthesis and characterization of stereoregular polysaccharides from the biomass-derived platform molecule levoglucosan via metal-triflate mediated cationic-ring opening polymerization.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri K Porwal
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA
| | - Yernaidu Reddi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA
| | - Derek J Saxon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA
| | - Christopher J Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA
- Underwriters Laboratories Inc. 333 Pfingsten Rd. Northbrook Illinois 60620 USA
| | - Christopher J Ellison
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA
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6
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Kayishaer A, Fadlallah S, Mouterde LMM, Peru AAM, Werghi Y, Brunois F, Carboué Q, Lopez M, Allais F. Unprecedented Biodegradable Cellulose-Derived Polyesters with Pendant Citronellol Moieties: From Monomer Synthesis to Enzymatic Degradation. Molecules 2021; 26:7672. [PMID: 34946753 PMCID: PMC8707784 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Levoglucosenone (LGO) is a cellulose-derived molecule that is present commercially on a multi-ton/year scale. Taking advantage of the α,β-conjugated ketone of LGO, a new citronellol-containing 5-membered lactone (HBO-citro) was synthesized through a one-pot two-step pathway involving oxa-Michael addition and Baeyer-Villiger oxidation. The solvent-free treatment of HBO-citro with NaBH4 at room temperature led to the full reduction of the lactone moiety which gave a novel fully renewable triol monomer having a citronellol side chain (Triol-citro). Noticeably, by simply changing the reducing agent, temperature and reaction duration, the partial reduction of HBO-citro can be achieved to yield a mixture of 5- and 6-membered Lactol-citro molecules. Triol-citro was chosen to prepare functional renewable polyesters having citronellol pendant chains via polycondensation reactions with diacyl chlorides having different chain lengths. Good thermal stability (Td5% up to 170 °C) and low glass transition temperatures (as low as -42 °C) were registered for the polyesters obtained. The polymers were then hydrolyzed using a commercial lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (Lipopan® 50 BG) to assess their biodegradability. A higher degradation profile was found for the polyesters prepared using co-monomers (acyl chlorides) having longer chain lengths. This is likely due to the decreased steric hindrance around the ester bonds which allowed enhanced accessibility of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sami Fadlallah
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110 Pomacle, France; (A.K.); (A.A.M.P.); (Y.W.); (F.B.); (Q.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Louis M. M. Mouterde
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110 Pomacle, France; (A.K.); (A.A.M.P.); (Y.W.); (F.B.); (Q.C.); (M.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110 Pomacle, France; (A.K.); (A.A.M.P.); (Y.W.); (F.B.); (Q.C.); (M.L.)
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7
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Diot-Néant F, Mouterde L, Couvreur J, Brunois F, Miller S, Allais F. Green synthesis of 2-deoxy-D-ribonolactone from cellulose-derived levoglucosenone (LGO): A promising monomer for novel bio-based polyesters. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Bener S, Yilmaz G, Yagci Y. Directly and Indirectly Acting Photoinitiating Systems for Ring‐Opening Polymerization of ϵ‐Caprolactone. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Semira Bener
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Science and Letters 34469 Maslak, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Gorkem Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Science and Letters 34469 Maslak, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Science and Letters 34469 Maslak, Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Chemistry Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University PO Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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9
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Debsharma T, Schmidt B, Laschewsky A, Schlaad H. Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Unsaturated Carbohydrate Derivatives: Levoglucosenyl Alkyl Ethers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Debsharma
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernd Schmidt
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - André Laschewsky
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | | | | | - Rongbiao Tong
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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11
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Shen M, Vijjamarri S, Cao H, Solis K, Robertson ML. Degradability, thermal stability, and high thermal properties in spiro polycycloacetals partially derived from lignin. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01017d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spiro polycycloacetals were synthesized from vanillin and syringaldehyde, along with high-performance co-monomers, exhibiting high glass transition temperatures and thermal stabilities, and rapid rates of hydrolysis in acidic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Shen
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Srikanth Vijjamarri
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Hongda Cao
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Karla Solis
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Megan L. Robertson
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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12
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Al-Naji M, Schlaad H, Antonietti M. New (and Old) Monomers from Biorefineries to Make Polymer Chemistry More Sustainable. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000485. [PMID: 33205563 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This opinion article describes recent approaches to use the "biorefinery" concept to lower the carbon footprint of typical mass polymers, by replacing parts of the fossil monomers with similar or even the same monomer made from regrowing dendritic biomass. Herein, the new and green catalytic synthetic routes are for lactic acid (LA), isosorbide (IS), 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), and p-xylene (pXL). Furthermore, the synthesis of two unconventional lignocellulosic biomass derivable monomers, i.e., α-methylene-γ-valerolactone (MeGVL) and levoglucosenol (LG), are presented. All those have the potential to enter in a cost-effective way, also the mass market and thereby recover lost areas for polymer materials. The differences of catalytic unit operations of the biorefinery are also discussed and the challenges that must be addressed along the synthesis path of each monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majd Al-Naji
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
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13
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Fadlallah S, Peru AA, Flourat AL, Allais F. A straightforward access to functionalizable polymers through ring-opening metathesis polymerization of levoglucosenone-derived monomers. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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14
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Xu G, Mahmood Q, Lv C, Yang R, Zhou L, Wang Q. Asymmetric kinetic resolution polymerization. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Fadlallah S, Mouterde LMM, Garnier G, Saito K, Allais F. Cellulose-Derived Levoglucosenone, a Great Versatile Chemical Platform for the Production of Renewable Monomers and Polymers. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2020-1373.ch005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Fadlallah
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51100 Pomacle, France
| | - Louis M. M. Mouterde
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51100 Pomacle, France
| | - Gil Garnier
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51100 Pomacle, France
- BioPRIA, Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Kei Saito
- School of Chemistry, BioPRIA, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51100 Pomacle, France
- BioPRIA, Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia
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16
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Kaya K, Debsharma T, Schlaad H, Yagci Y. Cellulose-based polyacetals by direct and sensitized photocationic ring-opening polymerization of levoglucosenyl methyl ether. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01307b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyacetal homopolymers and block copolymers are produced by photochemically initiated cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Kaya
- Istanbul Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Tapas Debsharma
- University of Potsdam
- Institute of Chemistry
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- University of Potsdam
- Institute of Chemistry
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Istanbul Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul
- Turkey
- King Abdulaziz University
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17
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Abstract
Epoxidized 1,4-polymyrcenes with different degrees of epoxidation (25–98%) were prepared and examined according to their chemical and thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Hess
- University of Potsdam
- Institute of Chemistry
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | | | - Helmut Schlaad
- University of Potsdam
- Institute of Chemistry
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
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18
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Debsharma T, Yagci Y, Schlaad H. Cellulose-Derived Functional Polyacetal by Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Levoglucosenyl Methyl Ether. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18492-18495. [PMID: 31509324 PMCID: PMC6916336 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The unsaturated bicyclic acetal levoglucosenyl methyl ether was readily obtained from sustainable feedstock (cellulose) and polymerized by cationic ring-opening polymerization to produce a semicrystalline thermoplastic unsaturated polyacetal with relatively high apparent molar mass (up to ca. 36 kg mol-1 ) and decent dispersity (ca. 1.4). The double bonds along the chain can undergo hydrogenation and thiol-ene reactions as well as crosslinking, thus making this polyacetal potentially interesting as a reactive functional material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Debsharma
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–2514476PotsdamGermany
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of ChemistryIstanbul Technical UniversityMaslak34469IstanbulTurkey
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–2514476PotsdamGermany
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