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Song X, Cai H, Shi Z, Li Z, Zheng X, Yang K, Gong Q, Gu Z, Hu J, Luo K. Enzyme-Responsive Branched Glycopolymer-Based Nanoassembly for Co-Delivery of Paclitaxel and Akt Inhibitor toward Synergistic Therapy of Gastric Cancer. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2306230. [PMID: 37953442 PMCID: PMC10787093 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Combined chemotherapy and targeted therapy holds immense potential in the management of advanced gastric cancer (GC). GC tissues exhibit an elevated expression level of protein kinase B (AKT), which contributes to disease progression and poor chemotherapeutic responsiveness. Inhibition of AKT expression through an AKT inhibitor, capivasertib (CAP), to enhance cytotoxicity of paclitaxel (PTX) toward GC cells is demonstrated in this study. A cathepsin B-responsive polymeric nanoparticle prodrug system is employed for co-delivery of PTX and CAP, resulting in a polymeric nano-drug BPGP@CAP. The release of PTX and CAP is triggered in an environment with overexpressed cathepsin B upon lysosomal uptake of BPGP@CAP. A synergistic therapeutic effect of PTX and CAP on killing GC cells is confirmed by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Mechanistic investigations suggested that CAP may inhibit AKT expression, leading to suppression of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway. Encouragingly, CAP can synergize with PTX to exert potent antitumor effects against GC after they are co-delivered via a polymeric drug delivery system, and this delivery system helped reduce their toxic side effects, which provides an effective therapeutic strategy for treating GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohai Song
- Department of General SurgeryGastric Cancer CenterDepartment of RadiologyHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkLaboratory of Gastric CancerState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Hao Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic OncologyFrontiers Science Center for Disease‐related Molecular NetworkWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu610097China
| | - Zhaochen Shi
- West China School of MedicineSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Zhiqian Li
- Department of General SurgeryGastric Cancer CenterDepartment of RadiologyHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkLaboratory of Gastric CancerState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Xiuli Zheng
- Department of General SurgeryGastric Cancer CenterDepartment of RadiologyHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkLaboratory of Gastric CancerState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of General SurgeryGastric Cancer CenterDepartment of RadiologyHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkLaboratory of Gastric CancerState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of General SurgeryGastric Cancer CenterDepartment of RadiologyHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkLaboratory of Gastric CancerState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Research Unit of PsychoradiologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengdu610041China
- Department of RadiologyWest China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan UniversityXiamen361000China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Department of General SurgeryGastric Cancer CenterDepartment of RadiologyHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkLaboratory of Gastric CancerState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
- Research Institute for BiomaterialsTech Institute for Advanced MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringNJTech‐BARTY Joint Research Center for Innovative Medical TechnologySuqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation CenterJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function CompositesNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
| | - Jiankun Hu
- Department of General SurgeryGastric Cancer CenterDepartment of RadiologyHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkLaboratory of Gastric CancerState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Kui Luo
- Department of General SurgeryGastric Cancer CenterDepartment of RadiologyHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkLaboratory of Gastric CancerState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Research Unit of PsychoradiologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengdu610041China
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Fu S, Cai Z, Liu L, Fu X, Wu C, Du L, Xia C, Lui S, Gong Q, Song B, Ai H. Gadolinium(III) Complex-Backboned Branched Polymers as Imaging Probes for Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:18311-18322. [PMID: 37000117 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Compared to traditional branched polymers with Gd(III) chelates conjugated on their surface, branched polymers with Gd(III) chelates as the internal skeleton are considered to be a reasonable strategy for preparing efficient magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Herein, the Gd(III) ligand DOTA was chosen as the internal skeleton; four different molecular weights (3.5, 5.3, 8.6, and 13.1 kDa) and degrees of branching poly-DOTA branched polymers (P1, P2, P3, and P4) were synthesized by a simple "A2 + B4"-type one-pot polymerization. The Gd(III) chelates of these poly-DOTA branched polymers (P1-Gd, P2-Gd, P3-Gd, and P4-Gd) display excellent kinetic stability, which is significantly higher than those of linear Gd-DTPA and cyclic Gd-DOTA-butrol and slightly lower than that of cyclic Gd-DOTA. The T1 relaxivities of P1-Gd, P2-Gd, P3-Gd, and P4-Gd are 29.4, 38.7, 44.0, and 47.9 Gd mM-1 s-1, respectively, at 0.5 T, which are about 6-11 times higher than that of Gd-DOTA (4.4 Gd mM-1 s-1). P4-Gd was selected for in vivo magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) because of its high kinetic stability, T1 relaxivity, and good biosafety. The results showed excellent MRA effect, sensitive detection of vascular stenosis, and prolonged observation window as compared to Gd-DOTA. Overall, Gd(III) chelates of poly-DOTA branched polymers are good candidates of MRI probes, providing a unique design strategy in which Gd chelation can occur at both the interior and surface of the poly-DOTA branched polymers, resulting in excellent relaxivity enhancement. In vivo animal MRA studies of the probe provide possibilities in discovering small vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiang Fu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhongyuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Li Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaomin Fu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Changqiang Wu
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and School of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Liang Du
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and School of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Chunchao Xia
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Su Lui
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hua Ai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Baghbanbashi M, Yong HW, Zhang I, Lotocki V, Yuan Z, Pazuki G, Maysinger D, Kakkar A. Stimuli-Responsive Miktoarm Polymer-Based Formulations for Fisetin Delivery and Regulatory Effects in Hyperactive Human Microglia. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200174. [PMID: 35817026 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Branched star polymers offer exciting opportunities in enhancing the efficacy of nanocarriers in delivering biologically active lipophilic agents. We demonstrate that the star polymeric architecture can be leveraged to yield soft nanoparticles of vesicular morphology with precisely located stimuli-sensitive chemical entities. Amphiphilic stars of AB2 (A = PEG, B = PCL) composition with/without oxidative stress or reduction responsive units at the core junction of A and B arms, are constructed using synthetic articulation. Fisetin, a natural flavonoid with remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but of limited clinical value due to its poor aqueous solubility, was physically encapsulated into miktoarm star-derived aqueous polymersomes. We evaluated polymersomes and fisetin separately, and in combination, in human microglia (HMC3), to show if (i) polymersomes are toxic; (ii) fisetin reduces the abundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS); and (iii) fisetin modulates the activation of ERK1/2. These signaling molecules and pathways are implicated in inflammatory processes and cell survival. Fisetin, both incorporated and non-incorporated into polymersomes, reduced ROS and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in lipopolysaccharide-treated human microglia, normalizing excessive oxidative stress and ERK-mediated signaling. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojhdeh Baghbanbashi
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Avenue, Tehran, 1591634311, Iran
| | - Hui Wen Yong
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Issan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Victor Lotocki
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Zhuoer Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Gholamreza Pazuki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Avenue, Tehran, 1591634311, Iran
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
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Liu G, Sun X, Li X, Wang Z. The Bioanalytical and Biomedical Applications of Polymer Modified Substrates. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:826. [PMID: 35215740 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymers with different structures and morphology have been extensively used to construct functionalized surfaces for a wide range of applications because the physicochemical properties of polymers can be finely adjusted by their molecular weights, polydispersity and configurations, as well as the chemical structures and natures of monomers. In particular, the specific functions of polymers can be easily achieved at post-synthesis by the attachment of different kinds of active molecules such as recognition ligand, peptides, aptamers and antibodies. In this review, the recent advances in the bioanalytical and biomedical applications of polymer modified substrates were summarized with subsections on functionalization using branched polymers, polymer brushes and polymer hydrogels. The review focuses on their applications as biosensors with excellent analytical performance and/or as nonfouling surfaces with efficient antibacterial activity. Finally, we discuss the perspectives and future directions of polymer modified substrates in the development of biodevices for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases.
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Liu X, Zhao Z, Wu F, Chen Y, Yin L. Tailoring Hyperbranched Poly(β-amino ester) as a Robust and Universal Platform for Cytosolic Protein Delivery. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2108116. [PMID: 34894367 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic protein delivery is a prerequisite for protein-based biotechnologies and therapeutics on intracellular targets. Polymers that can complex with proteins to form nano-assemblies represent one of the most important categories of materials, because of the ease of nano-fabrication, high protein loading efficiency, no need for purification, and maintenance of protein bioactivity. Stable protein encapsulation and efficient intracellular liberation are two critical yet opposite processes toward cytosolic delivery, and polymers that can resolve these two conflicting challenges are still lacking. Herein, hyperbranched poly(β-amino ester) (HPAE) with backbone-embedded phenylboronic acid (PBA) is developed to synchronize these two processes, wherein PBA enhanced protein encapsulation via nitrogen-boronate (N-B) coordination while triggered polymer degradation and protein release upon oxidation by H2 O2 in cancer cells. Upon optimization of the branching degree, charge density, and PBA distribution, the best-performing A2-B3-C2-S2 -P2 is identified, which mediates robust delivery of various native proteins/peptides with distinct molecular weights (1.6-430 kDa) and isoelectric points (4.1-10.3) into cancer cells, including enzymes, toxins, antibodies, and CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs). Moreover, A2-B3-C2-S2 -P2 mediates effective cytosolic delivery of saporin both in vitro and in vivo to provoke remarkable anti-tumor efficacy. Such a potent and universal platform holds transformative potentials for protein pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ziyin Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yongbing Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Lichen Yin
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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6
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Kayishaer A, Fadlallah S, Mouterde LMM, Peru AAM, Werghi Y, Brunois F, Carboué Q, Lopez M, Allais F. Unprecedented Biodegradable Cellulose-Derived Polyesters with Pendant Citronellol Moieties: From Monomer Synthesis to Enzymatic Degradation. Molecules 2021; 26:7672. [PMID: 34946753 PMCID: PMC8707784 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Levoglucosenone (LGO) is a cellulose-derived molecule that is present commercially on a multi-ton/year scale. Taking advantage of the α,β-conjugated ketone of LGO, a new citronellol-containing 5-membered lactone (HBO-citro) was synthesized through a one-pot two-step pathway involving oxa-Michael addition and Baeyer-Villiger oxidation. The solvent-free treatment of HBO-citro with NaBH4 at room temperature led to the full reduction of the lactone moiety which gave a novel fully renewable triol monomer having a citronellol side chain (Triol-citro). Noticeably, by simply changing the reducing agent, temperature and reaction duration, the partial reduction of HBO-citro can be achieved to yield a mixture of 5- and 6-membered Lactol-citro molecules. Triol-citro was chosen to prepare functional renewable polyesters having citronellol pendant chains via polycondensation reactions with diacyl chlorides having different chain lengths. Good thermal stability (Td5% up to 170 °C) and low glass transition temperatures (as low as -42 °C) were registered for the polyesters obtained. The polymers were then hydrolyzed using a commercial lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (Lipopan® 50 BG) to assess their biodegradability. A higher degradation profile was found for the polyesters prepared using co-monomers (acyl chlorides) having longer chain lengths. This is likely due to the decreased steric hindrance around the ester bonds which allowed enhanced accessibility of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sami Fadlallah
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110 Pomacle, France; (A.K.); (A.A.M.P.); (Y.W.); (F.B.); (Q.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Louis M. M. Mouterde
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110 Pomacle, France; (A.K.); (A.A.M.P.); (Y.W.); (F.B.); (Q.C.); (M.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110 Pomacle, France; (A.K.); (A.A.M.P.); (Y.W.); (F.B.); (Q.C.); (M.L.)
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Duan Z, Luo Q, Dai X, Li X, Gu L, Zhu H, Tian X, Zhang H, Gong Q, Gu Z, Luo K. Synergistic Therapy of a Naturally Inspired Glycopolymer-Based Biomimetic Nanomedicine Harnessing Tumor Genomic Instability. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2104594. [PMID: 34554623 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by natural saccharide-protein complexes, a stimuli-responsive biodegradable and branched glycopolymer-pyropheophorbide-a (Ppa) conjugate (BSP) with saccharide units for cancer therapy is constructed. A linear glycopolymeric conjugate (LSP), a branched glycopolymeric conjugate (BShP) from Ppa with long carbon chains, and a branched conjugate (BHSP) based on poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide] (polyHPMA) without saccharide units are prepared as controls. Through structure-activity relationship studies, BSP with a 3D network structure forms stable nanostructures via weak intermolecular interactions, regulating the stacking state of Ppa to improve the singlet oxygen quantum yield and the corresponding photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect. BSP shows high loading of olaparib, and are further coated with tumor cell membranes, resulting in a biomimetic nanomedicine (CM-BSPO). CM-BSPO shows highly efficient tumor targeting and cellular internalization properties. The engulfment of CM-BSPO accompanied with laser irradiation results in a prominent antitumor effect, evidenced by disruption of cell cycles in tumor cells, increased apoptosis and DNA damage, and subsequent inhibition of repair for damaged DNA. The mechanism for the synergistic effect from PDT and olaparib is unveiled at the genetic and protein level through transcriptome analysis. Overall, this biodegradable and branched glycopolymer-drug conjugate could be effectively optimized as a biomimetic nanomedicine for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Duan
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) Department of Radiology National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- West China Medical School Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) Department of Radiology National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- West China Medical School Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xinghang Dai
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) Department of Radiology National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- West China Medical School Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) Department of Radiology National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- West China Medical School Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Lei Gu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) Department of Radiology National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- West China Medical School Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) Department of Radiology National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xiaohe Tian
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) Department of Radiology National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Research Unit of Psychoradiology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Amgen Bioprocessing Centre Keck Graduate Institute Claremont CA 91711 USA
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) Department of Radiology National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- West China Medical School Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Research Unit of Psychoradiology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) Department of Radiology National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) Department of Radiology National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular Network State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- West China Medical School Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Research Unit of Psychoradiology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
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Hao SM, Liang S, Sewell CD, Li Z, Zhu C, Xu J, Lin Z. Lithium-Conducting Branched Polymers: New Paradigm of Solid-State Electrolytes for Batteries. Nano Lett 2021; 21:7435-7447. [PMID: 34515493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed rapid development of lithium-based batteries. Significant research efforts have been progressively diverted from electrodes to electrolytes, particularly polymer electrolytes (PEs), to tackle the safety concern and promote the energy storage capability of batteries. To further increase the ionic conductivity of PEs, various branched polymers (BPs) have been rationally designed and synthesized. Compared with linear polymers, branched architectures effectively increase polymer segmental mobility, restrain crystallization, and reduce chain entanglement, thereby rendering BPs with greatly enhanced lithium transport. In this Mini Review, a diversity of BPs for PEs is summarized by scrutinizing their unique topologies and properties. Subsequently, the design principles for enhancing the physical properties, mechanical properties, and electrochemical performance of BP-based PEs (BP-PEs) are provided in which the ionic conduction is particularly examined in light of the Li+ transport mechanism. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of BP-PEs in this rapidly evolving field are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Meng Hao
- Institute of Low-Dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Shuang Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Christopher D Sewell
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Zili Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Caizhen Zhu
- Institute of Low-Dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- Institute of Low-Dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Oleszko-Torbus N, Mendrek B, Kowalczuk A, Wałach W, Trzebicka B, Utrata-Wesołek A. The Role of Polymer Structure in Formation of Various Nano- and Microstructural Materials: 30 Years of Research in the Laboratory of Nano- and Microstructural Materials at the Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials PAS. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2892. [PMID: 34502932 PMCID: PMC8434041 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The review summarizes the research carried out in the Laboratory of Nano- and Microstructural Materials at the Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences (CMPW PAS). Studies carried out for many years under the guidance of Professor Andrzej Dworak led to the development and exploration of the mechanisms of oxirane and cyclic imine polymerization and controlled radical polymerization of methacrylate monomers. Based on that knowledge, within the last three decades, macromolecules with the desired composition, molar mass and topology were obtained and investigated. The ability to control the structure of the synthesized polymers turned out to be important, as it provided a way to tailor the physiochemical properties of the materials to their specific uses. Many linear polymers and copolymers as well as macromolecules with branched, star, dendritic and hyperbranched architectures were synthesized. Thanks to the applied controlled polymerization techniques, it was possible to obtain hydrophilic, hydrophobic, amphiphilic and stimulus-sensitive polymers. These tailor-made polymers with controlled properties were used for the construction of various types of materials, primarily on the micro- and nanoscales, with a wide range of possible applications, mainly in biomedicine. The diverse topology of polymers, and thus their properties, made it possible to obtain various types of polymeric nanostructures and use them as nanocarriers by encapsulation of biologically active substances. Additionally, polymer layers were obtained with features useful in medicine, particularly regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (N.O.-T.); (B.M.); (A.K.); (W.W.)
| | - Alicja Utrata-Wesołek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (N.O.-T.); (B.M.); (A.K.); (W.W.)
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10
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Abstract
Phytoglycogen nanoparticles (PhG NPs), a single-molecule highly branched polysaccharide, exhibit excellent water retention, due to the abundance of close-packed hydroxyl groups forming hydrogen bonds with water. Here we report lubrication properties of close-packed adsorbed monolayers of PhG NPs acting as boundary lubricants. Using direct surface force measurements, we show that the hydrated nature of the NP layer results in its striking lubrication performance, with two distinct confinement-controlled friction coefficients. In the weak- to moderate-confinement regime, when the NP layer is compressed down to 8% of its original thickness under a normal pressure of up to 2.4 MPa, the NPs lubricate the surface with a friction coefficient of 10-3. In the strong-confinement regime, with 6.5% of the original layer thickness under a normal pressure of up to 8.1 MPa, the friction coefficient was 10-2. Analysis of the water content and energy dissipation in the confined NP film reveals that the lubrication is governed by synergistic contributions of unbound and bound water molecules, with the former contributing to lubrication properties in the weak- to moderate-confinement regime and the latter being responsible for the lubrication in the strong-confinement regime. These results unravel mechanistic insights that are essential for the design of lubricating systems based on strongly hydrated NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Adibnia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Yingshan Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Ilias Halimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Gilbert C Walker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Xavier Banquy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, M5S 3G9
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, M5S 3E5
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11
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Guo S, Wang X, Dai Y, Dai X, Li Z, Luo Q, Zheng X, Gu Z, Zhang H, Gong Q, Luo K. Enhancing the Efficacy of Metal-Free MRI Contrast Agents via Conjugating Nitroxides onto PEGylated Cross-Linked Poly(Carboxylate Ester). Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:2000467. [PMID: 32714757 PMCID: PMC7375229 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, two water-soluble PROXYL-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) macromolecular organic contrast agents (mORCAs) are designed and synthesized: linear and cross-linked PCE-mPEG-Ppa-PROXYL. They are prepared by conjugating linear and cross-linked poly(carboxylate ester) (PCE) with poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG2000)-modified nitroxides (PROXYL), respectively. Both mORCAs form self-assembled aggregates in an aqueous phase and PROXYL is protected inside a hydrophobic core to achieve great resistance to reduction in the physiological environment, and they have low toxicity. Since cross-linked PCE-mPEG-Ppa-PROXYL possess a branched architecture, its self-assembled aggregate is more stable and compact with a greater particle size. Cross-linked PCE-mPEG-Ppa-PROXYL outperform the linear one in the following aspects: 1) its longitudinal relaxivity (r 1 = 0.79 mm -1 s-1) is higher than that of the linear one (r 1 = 0.64 mm -1 s-1) and both excel the best mORCA reported so far (r 1 = 0.42 mm -1 s-1); 2) its blood retention time (≈48 h) is longer than that of its linear counterpart (≈10 h); 3) cross-linked PCE-mPEG-Ppa-PROXYL provided better MR imaging contrast resolution in normal organs (liver and kidney) and tumor of mice than the linear one. Overall, cross-linked PCE-mPEG-Ppa-PROXYL may have great potential to be a novel metal-free macromolecular contrast agent for MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Guo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversitySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan Province646000P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General HospitalUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS)104 Pipashan Zheng StreetChongqing400014P. R. China
| | - Yan Dai
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversitySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan Province646000P. R. China
| | - Xinghang Dai
- West China School of MedicineSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Zhiqian Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Zheng
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Amgen Bioprocessing CentreKeck Graduate InstituteClaremontCA91711USA
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
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12
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Ganazzoli F, Raffaini G. Dendrimer Dynamics: A Review of Analytical Theories and Molecular Simulation Methods. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061387. [PMID: 32575767 PMCID: PMC7361973 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The theoretical study of dendrimers is reviewed, considering both analytical approaches and molecular simulation methods. We discuss the effect of molecular symmetry on the degeneracy of the relaxation times, and then the calculation of observable quantities, in particular the intrinsic viscosity, and then the viscoelastic complex modulus and the dynamic structure factor, in comparison with the available experimental data. In particular, the maximum intrinsic viscosity with increasing molar mass is analyzed in some detail. The approximations and/or assumptions of the adopted methods are also described in connection with analogous results for polymer of a different topology, in particular linear and star polymers.
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13
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Cai H, Dai X, Wang X, Tan P, Gu L, Luo Q, Zheng X, Li Z, Zhu H, Zhang H, Gu Z, Gong Q, Luo K. A Nanostrategy for Efficient Imaging-Guided Antitumor Therapy through a Stimuli-Responsive Branched Polymeric Prodrug. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:1903243. [PMID: 32195104 PMCID: PMC7080516 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A stimuli-responsive polymeric prodrug-based nanotheranostic system with imaging agents (cyanine5.5 and gadolinium-chelates) and a therapeutic agent paclitaxel (PTX) is prepared via polymerization and conjugating chemistry. The branched polymeric PTX-Gd-based nanoparticles (BP-PTX-Gd NPs) demonstrate excellent biocompatibility, and high stability under physiological conditions, but they stimuli-responsively degrade and release PTX rapidly in a tumor microenvironment. The in vitro behavior of NPs labeled with fluorescent dyes is effectively monitored, and the NPs display high cytotoxicity to 4T1 cells similar to free PTX by impairing the function of microtubules, downregulating anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and upregulating the expression of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved-PARP, and p53 proteins. Great improvement in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is demonstrated by these NPs, and MRI accurately maps the temporal change profile of the tumor volume after injection of NPs and the tumor treatment process is also closely correlated with the T 1 values measured from MRI, demonstrating the capability of providing real-time feedback to the chemotherapeutic treatment effectiveness. The imaging-guided chemotherapy to the 4T1 tumor in the mice model achieves an excellent anti-tumor effect. This stimuli-responsive polymeric nano-agent opens a new door for efficient breast cancer treatment under the guidance of fluorescence/MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cai
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Department of RadiologyFunctional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Xinghang Dai
- West China School of MedicineSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Department of RadiologyFunctional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Ping Tan
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Department of RadiologyFunctional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Lei Gu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Department of RadiologyFunctional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Department of RadiologyFunctional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Xiuli Zheng
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Department of RadiologyFunctional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Zhiqian Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Department of RadiologyFunctional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Department of RadiologyFunctional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Amgen Bioprocessing CentreKeck Graduate InstituteClaremontCA91711USA
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Department of RadiologyFunctional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
- National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan UniversityChengdu610064China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Department of RadiologyFunctional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Department of RadiologyFunctional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
- National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan UniversityChengdu610064China
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14
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Dey P, Tabish TA, Mosca S, Palombo F, Matousek P, Stone N. Plasmonic Nanoassemblies: Tentacles Beat Satellites for Boosting Broadband NIR Plasmon Coupling Providing a Novel Candidate for SERS and Photothermal Therapy. Small 2020; 16:e1906780. [PMID: 31997560 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Optical theranostic applications demand near-infrared (NIR) localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and maximized electric field at nanosurfaces and nanojunctions, aiding diagnosis via Raman or optoacoustic imaging, and photothermal-based therapies. To this end, multiple permutations and combinations of plasmonic nanostructures and molecular "glues" or linkers are employed to obtain nanoassemblies, such as nanobranches and core-satellite morphologies. An advanced nanoassembly morphology comprising multiple linear tentacles anchored onto a spherical core is reported here. Importantly, this core-multi-tentacle-nanoassembly (CMT) benefits from numerous plasmonic interactions between multiple 5 nm gold nanoparticles (NPs) forming each tentacle as well as tentacle to core (15 nm) coupling. This results in an intense LSPR across the "biological optical window" of 650-1100 nm. It is shown that the combined interactions are responsible for the broadband LSPR and the intense electric field, otherwise not achievable with core-satellite morphologies. Further the sub 80 nm CMTs boosted NIR-surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), with detection of SERS labels at 47 × 10-9 m, as well as lower toxicity to noncancerous cell lines (human fibroblast Wi38) than observed for cancerous cell lines (human breast cancer MCF7), presents itself as an attractive candidate for use as biomedical theranostics agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dey
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Tanveer A Tabish
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Sara Mosca
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK Research and Innovation, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Francesca Palombo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Pavel Matousek
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK Research and Innovation, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Nicholas Stone
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
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15
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Lazarova K, Christova D, Georgiev R, Georgieva B, Babeva T. Optical Sensing of Humidity Using Polymer Top-Covered Bragg Stacks and Polymer/Metal Thin Film Structures. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:E875. [PMID: 31185652 PMCID: PMC6630599 DOI: 10.3390/nano9060875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Thin films with nanometer thicknesses in the range 100-400 nm are prepared from double hydrophilic copolymers of complex branched structures containing poly(N,N-dimethyl acrylamide) and poly(ethylene oxide) blocks and are used as humidity sensitive media. Instead of using glass or opaque wafer for substrates, polymer thin films are deposited on Bragg stacks and thin (30 nm) sputtered Au-Pd films thus bringing color for the colorless polymer/glass system and enabling transmittance measurements for humidity sensing. All samples are characterized by transmittance measurements at different humidity levels in the range from 5% to 90% relative humidity. Additionally, the humidity induced color change is studied by calculating the color coordinates at different relative humidity using measured spectra of transmittance or reflectance. A special attention is paid to the selection of wavelength(s) of measurements and discriminating between different humidity levels when sensing is performed by measuring transmittance at fixed wavelengths. The influence of initial film thickness, sensor architecture, and measuring configuration on sensitivity is studied. The potential and advantages of using top covered Bragg stacks and polymer/metal thin film structures as humidity sensors with simple optical read-outs are demonstrated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Lazarova
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies ''Acad. J. Malinowski'', Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 109, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Darinka Christova
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 103-A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Rosen Georgiev
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies ''Acad. J. Malinowski'', Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 109, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Biliana Georgieva
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies ''Acad. J. Malinowski'', Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 109, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Tsvetanka Babeva
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies ''Acad. J. Malinowski'', Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Akad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 109, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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16
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Zhao T, Zhang H, Newland B, Aied A, Zhou D, Wang W. Significance of branching for transfection: synthesis of highly branched degradable functional poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) by vinyl oligomer combination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6095-100. [PMID: 24788981 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of degradable branched PDMAEMA copolymers were investigated with the linear PDMAEMA counterpart as gene-delivery vectors. The branched PDMAEMA copolymers were synthesized by controlled radical cross-linking copolymerization based on the "vinyl oligomer combination" approach. Efficient degradation properties were observed for all of the copolymers. The degree of branching was found to have a big impact on performance in transfection when tested on different cell types. The product with the highest degree of branching and highest degree of functionality had a superior transfection profile in terms of both transfection capability and the preservation of cell viability. These branched PDMAEMA copolymers show high potential for gene-delivery applications through a combination of the simplicity of their synthesis, their low toxicity, and their high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhao
- Charles Institute of Dermotology, University College Dublin, Dublin (Ireland) http://www.wenxinwang.ie; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Universiy, Tianjin (China)
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17
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Abstract
Using living cationic polymerization, a series of polyphosphazenes is prepared with precisely controlled molecular weights and narrow polydispersities. As well as varying chain length through the use of a living polymerization, amine-capped polyalkylene oxide (Jeffamine) side chains with varied lengths are grafted to the polymer backbone to give a series of polymers with varied dimensions. Dynamic light scattering and size exclusion chromatography are used to confirm the preparation of polymers with a variety of controlled dimensions and thus hydrodynamic volumes. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how the number of arms per repeat unit, and thus the density of branching, can also be further increased from two to four through using a one-pot thiolactone conversion of the Jeffamines, followed by thiol-yne addition to the polyphosphazene backbone. These densely branched, molecular brush-type polymers on a biodegradable polyphosphazene backbone all show excellent aqueous solubility and have potential in drug-delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Henke
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4060, Leonding, Austria
| | - Sandra Wilfert
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4060, Leonding, Austria
| | - Aitziber Iturmendi
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4060, Leonding, Austria
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4060, Leonding, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4060, Leonding, Austria
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18
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Verdier PH. A Multiple Variable-Angle Light Scattering Detector for Gel Permeation Chromatography. J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol 1991; 96:177-189. [PMID: 28184108 PMCID: PMC4930027 DOI: 10.6028/jres.096.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/1991] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A light scattering detector has been designed and constructed for use with gel permeation chromatographs. The detector measures light scattered from the eluting sample simultaneously at nine scattering angles, and is connected to a computer-controlled display which exhibits the angular dependence of the scattering in real time while the sample is eluting. Use of the light-scattering detector in conjunction with the usual concentration-sensitive detector allows the direct determination of molecular weight as a function of elution volume, thereby making the chromatographic system "self-calibrating." Tests of the system with a series of linear and branched polystyrenes suggest that it will be a useful tool for the study and characterization of branched polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Verdier
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
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