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Oleszko-Torbus N, Mendrek B, Kowalczuk A, Wałach W, Trzebicka B, Utrata-Wesołek A. The Role of Polymer Structure in Formation of Various Nano- and Microstructural Materials: 30 Years of Research in the Laboratory of Nano- and Microstructural Materials at the Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials PAS. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2892. [PMID: 34502932 PMCID: PMC8434041 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The review summarizes the research carried out in the Laboratory of Nano- and Microstructural Materials at the Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences (CMPW PAS). Studies carried out for many years under the guidance of Professor Andrzej Dworak led to the development and exploration of the mechanisms of oxirane and cyclic imine polymerization and controlled radical polymerization of methacrylate monomers. Based on that knowledge, within the last three decades, macromolecules with the desired composition, molar mass and topology were obtained and investigated. The ability to control the structure of the synthesized polymers turned out to be important, as it provided a way to tailor the physiochemical properties of the materials to their specific uses. Many linear polymers and copolymers as well as macromolecules with branched, star, dendritic and hyperbranched architectures were synthesized. Thanks to the applied controlled polymerization techniques, it was possible to obtain hydrophilic, hydrophobic, amphiphilic and stimulus-sensitive polymers. These tailor-made polymers with controlled properties were used for the construction of various types of materials, primarily on the micro- and nanoscales, with a wide range of possible applications, mainly in biomedicine. The diverse topology of polymers, and thus their properties, made it possible to obtain various types of polymeric nanostructures and use them as nanocarriers by encapsulation of biologically active substances. Additionally, polymer layers were obtained with features useful in medicine, particularly regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (N.O.-T.); (B.M.); (A.K.); (W.W.)
| | - Alicja Utrata-Wesołek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (N.O.-T.); (B.M.); (A.K.); (W.W.)
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Oleszko-Torbus N, Mendrek B, Kowalczuk A, Utrata-Wesołek A, Dworak A, Wałach W. Selective Partial Hydrolysis of 2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline Copolymers towards Decreasing the Ability to Crystallize. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E3403. [PMID: 32752250 PMCID: PMC7435452 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPrOx) is readily prone to crystallization both in solid and from solutions. This feature is detrimental for certain applications. Here, we examine whether the presence of unsubstituted ethyleneimine (EI) units, a gradient distributed within a polymer chain composed of 2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline (iPrOx) and 2-methyl-2-oxazoline (MOx) units, decreases the ability to crystallize the copolymer and affects thermal properties compared to the homopolymer of iPrOx. We assumed that the separation of stiff iPrOx units by the more flexible EI will affect the spatial arrangements of the ordered chains, slightly plasticize and, as a result, decrease their ability to crystallize. The selective hydrolysis of gradient iPrOx and 2-methyl-2-oxazoline (MOx) copolymers, carried out under mild conditions, led to iPrOx/MOx/EI copolymers. To the best of our knowledge, the selective hydrolysis of these copolymers has never been carried out before. Their thermal properties and crystallization abilities, both in a solid state and from an aqueous solution, were analyzed. Based on the analysis of polymer charge and cytotoxicity studies, the potential use of the copolymers obtained was indicated in some biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Oleszko-Torbus
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowskiej St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (B.M.); (A.K.); (A.U.-W.); (A.D.); (W.W.)
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Bochenek M, Oleszko-Torbus N, Wałach W, Lipowska-Kur D, Dworak A, Utrata-Wesołek A. Polyglycidol of Linear or Branched Architecture Immobilized on a Solid Support for Biomedical Applications. POLYM REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2020.1720233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelina Bochenek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Wałach
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Daria Lipowska-Kur
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Andrzej Dworak
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
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Wałach W, Oleszko-Torbus N, Utrata-Wesołek A, Bochenek M, Kijeńska-Gawrońska E, Górecka Ż, Święszkowski W, Dworak A. Processing of (Co)Poly(2-oxazoline)s by Electrospinning and Extrusion from Melt and the Postprocessing Properties of the (Co)Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E295. [PMID: 32024273 PMCID: PMC7077476 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(2-oxazoline) (POx) matrices in the form of non-woven fibrous mats and three-dimensional moulds were obtained by electrospinning and fused deposition modelling (FDM), respectively. To obtain these materials, poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPrOx) and gradient copolymers of 2-isopropyl- with 2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline (P(iPrOx-nPrOx)), with relatively low molar masses and low dispersity values, were processed. The conditions for the electrospinning of POx were optimised for both water and the organic solvent. Also, the FDM conditions for the fabrication of POx multi-layer moulds of cylindrical or cubical shape were optimised. The properties of the POx after electrospinning and extrusion from melt were determined. The molar mass of all (co)poly(2-oxazoline)s did not change after electrospinning. Also, FDM did not influence the molar masses of the (co)polymers; however, the long processing of the material caused degradation and an increase in molar mass dispersity. The thermal properties changed significantly after processing of POx what was monitored by increase in enthalpy of exo- and endothermic peaks in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve. The influence of the processing conditions on the structure and properties of the final material were evaluated having in a mind their potential application as scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Wałach
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowskiej St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (N.O.-T.); (A.U.-W.); (M.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Natalia Oleszko-Torbus
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowskiej St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (N.O.-T.); (A.U.-W.); (M.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Alicja Utrata-Wesołek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowskiej St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (N.O.-T.); (A.U.-W.); (M.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Marcelina Bochenek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowskiej St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (N.O.-T.); (A.U.-W.); (M.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Ewa Kijeńska-Gawrońska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska St., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (E.K.-G.); (Ż.G.); (W.Ś.)
| | - Żaneta Górecka
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska St., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (E.K.-G.); (Ż.G.); (W.Ś.)
| | - Wojciech Święszkowski
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska St., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (E.K.-G.); (Ż.G.); (W.Ś.)
| | - Andrzej Dworak
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowskiej St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (N.O.-T.); (A.U.-W.); (M.B.); (A.D.)
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Abstract
The review gathers together data concerning the influence of poly(2-substituted-2-oxazoline)s structure on their thermal and crystalline properties, and how this relationship can be adjusted in controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcelina Bochenek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 41-819 Zabrze
- Poland
| | - Daria Lipowska-Kur
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 41-819 Zabrze
- Poland
| | - Andrzej Dworak
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 41-819 Zabrze
- Poland
| | - Wojciech Wałach
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 41-819 Zabrze
- Poland
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Musioł M, Sikorska W, Janeczek H, Wałach W, Hercog A, Johnston B, Rydz J. (Bio)degradable polymeric materials for a sustainable future - part 1. Organic recycling of PLA/PBAT blends in the form of prototype packages with long shelf-life. Waste Manag 2018; 77:447-454. [PMID: 29699727 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Prediction studies of advanced (bio)degradable polymeric materials are crucial when their potential applications as compostable products with long shelf-life is considered for today's market. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the polylactide (PLA) content in the blends of PLA and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT); specifically how the material's thickness corresponded to changes that occurred in products during the degradation process. Additionally, the influence of talc on the degradation profile of all samples in all environments was investigated. It was found that, differences in the degradation rate of materials tested with a similar content of the PLA component could be caused by differences in their thickness, the presence of commercial additives used during processing or a combination of both. The obtained results indicated that the presence of talc may interfere with materials behavior towards water and consequently alter their degradation profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Musioł
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Wanda Sikorska
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Henryk Janeczek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wałach
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Hercog
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Brian Johnston
- University of Wolverhampton, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Science, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1SB, UK
| | - Joanna Rydz
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
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Oleszko-Torbus N, Wałach W, Utrata-Wesołek A, Dworak A. Control of the Crystalline Properties of 2-Isopropyl-2-oxazoline Copolymers in Condensed State and in Solution Depending on the Composition. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Oleszko-Torbus
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon
Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Curie - Skłodowskiej
34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wałach
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon
Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Curie - Skłodowskiej
34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Alicja Utrata-Wesołek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon
Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Curie - Skłodowskiej
34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Andrzej Dworak
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon
Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Curie - Skłodowskiej
34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
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Oleszko-Torbus N, Utrata-Wesołek A, Wałach W, Dworak A. Solution behavior of thermoresponsive random and gradient copolymers of 2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Utrata-Wesołek A, Wałach W, Anioł J, Sieroń AL, Dworak A. Multiple and terminal grafting of linear polyglycidol for surfaces of reduced protein adsorption. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Oleszko N, Wałach W, Utrata-Wesołek A, Kowalczuk A, Trzebicka B, Klama-Baryła A, Hoff-Lenczewska D, Kawecki M, Lesiak M, Sieroń AL, Dworak A. Controlling the Crystallinity of Thermoresponsive Poly(2-oxazoline)-Based Nanolayers to Cell Adhesion and Detachment. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:2805-13. [PMID: 26226320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Semicrystalline, thermoresponsive poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PIPOx) layers covalently bonded to glass or silica wafers were obtained via the surface-termination of the living polymer chains. Polymer solutions in acetonitrile were exposed to 50 °C for various time periods and were poured onto the functionalized solid wafers. Fibrillar crystallites formed in polymerization solutions settled down onto the wafers next to the amorphous polymer. The amount of crystallites adsorbed on thermoresponsive polymer layers depended on the annealing time of the PIPOx solution. The wettability of PIPOx layers decreased with the increasing amount of crystallites. The higher content of crystallites weakened the temperature response of the layer, as evidenced by the philicity and thickness measurements. Semicrystalline thermoresponsive PIPOx layers were used as biomaterials for human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) culture and detachment. The presence of crystallites on the PIPOx layers promoted the proliferation of HDFs. Changes in the physicochemical properties of the layer, caused by the temperature response of the polymer, led to the change in the cells shape from a spindle-like to an ellipsoidal shape, which resulted in their detachment. A supporting membrane was used to assist the detachment of the cells from PIPOx biosurfaces and to prevent the rolling of the sheet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Oleszko
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , M. Curie -Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wałach
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , M. Curie -Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Alicja Utrata-Wesołek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , M. Curie -Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , M. Curie -Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , M. Curie -Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | | | | | - Marek Kawecki
- Center for Burn Treatment, Jana Pawla II, 41-100 Siemianowice Slaskie, Poland
| | - Marta Lesiak
- Department of General, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Silesia , Medykow 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksander L Sieroń
- Department of General, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Silesia , Medykow 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Dworak
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , M. Curie -Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
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Trzebicka B, Haladjova E, Otulakowski Ł, Oleszko N, Wałach W, Libera M, Rangelov S, Dworak A. Hybrid nanoparticles obtained from mixed mesoglobules. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Oleszko N, Utrata-Wesołek A, Wałach W, Libera M, Hercog A, Szeluga U, Domański M, Trzebicka B, Dworak A. Crystallization of Poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) in Organic Solutions. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502586x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Oleszko
- Centre
of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Curie - Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Alicja Utrata-Wesołek
- Centre
of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Curie - Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wałach
- Centre
of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Curie - Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marcin Libera
- Centre
of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Curie - Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Hercog
- Centre
of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Curie - Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Urszula Szeluga
- Centre
of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Curie - Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marian Domański
- Centre
of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Curie - Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre
of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Curie - Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Andrzej Dworak
- Centre
of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Curie - Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
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Dworak A, Utrata-Wesołek A, Oleszko N, Wałach W, Trzebicka B, Anioł J, Sieroń AL, Klama-Baryła A, Kawecki M. Poly(2-substituted-2-oxazoline) surfaces for dermal fibroblasts adhesion and detachment. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2014; 25:1149-1163. [PMID: 24390278 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The thermoresponsive surfaces of brush structure (linear polymer chains tethered on the surface) based on poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline)s and copolymers of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline and 2-nonyl-2-oxazoline were obtained using the grafting-to method. The living oxazoline (co)polymers have been synthesized by cationic ring-opening polymerization and subsequently terminated by the reactive amine groups present on the surface. The changes in the surface morphology, philicity and thickness occurring during surface modification were monitored via atomic force microscopy, contact angle and ellipsometry. The thickness of the (co)poly(2-substituted-2-oxazoline) layers ranged from 4 to 11 nm depending on the molar mass of immobilized polymer and reversibly varied with the temperature changes. This confirmed thermoresponsive properties of obtained surfaces. The obtained polymer surfaces were used as a support for dermal fibroblast culture and detachment. The fibroblasts' adhesion and proliferation on the polymer surfaces were observed when the culture temperature was above the cloud point temperature of the immobilized polymer. Lowering the temperature resulted in the detachment of the dermal fibroblast sheets from the polymer layers, which makes these surfaces suitable for the treatment of wounds and in skin tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Dworak
- Center of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland,
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Libera M, Wałach W, Trzebicka B, Rangelov S, Dworak A. Thermosensitive dendritic stars of tert-butyl-glycidylether and glycidol – Synthesis and encapsulation properties. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Libera M, Trzebicka B, Kowalczuk A, Wałach W, Dworak A. Synthesis and thermoresponsive properties of four arm, amphiphilic poly(tert-butyl-glycidylether)-block-polyglycidol stars. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dworak A, Wałach W. Synthesis, characterization and properties of functional star and dendritic block copolymers of ethylene oxide and glycidol with oligoglycidol branching units. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dimitrov P, Utrata-Wesołek A, Rangelov S, Wałach W, Trzebicka B, Dworak A. Synthesis and self-association in aqueous media of poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(ethyl glycidyl carbamate) amphiphilic block copolymers. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dworak A, Trzebicka B, Wałach W, Utrata A, Tsvetanov C. Novel reactive thermosensitive polyethers– control of transition point. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200450647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Dworak A, Baran G, Trzebicka B, Wałach W. Polyglycidol-block-poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polyglycidol: synthesis and swelling properties. REACT FUNCT POLYM 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-5148(98)00060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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