1
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Prajapati D, Clegg JK, Mukherjee PS. Formation of a low-symmetry Pd 8 molecular barrel employing a hetero donor tetradentate ligand, and its use in the binding and extraction of C 70. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12502-12510. [PMID: 39118615 PMCID: PMC11304780 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01332h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The majority of reported metallo-supramolecules are highly symmetric homoleptic assemblies of M x L y type, with a few reports on assemblies that are obtained using multicomponent self-assembly or using ambidentate ligands. Herein, we report the use of an unsymmetrical tetratopic ligand (Lun) containing pyridyl and imidazole donor sites in combination with a cis-protected Pd(ii) acceptor for the formation of a low-symmetry M8Lun 4 molecular barrel (UNMB). Four potential orientational isomeric (HHHH, HHHT, HHTT, and HTHT) molecular barrels can be anticipated for the M8Lun 4 type metallo-assemblies. However, the formation of an orientational isomer (HHTT) of the barrel was suggested from single-crystal X-ray diffraction and 1H NMR analysis of UNMB. Two large open apertures at terminals and the hydrophobic confined space surrounded by four aromatic panels of Lun make UNMB a potential host for bigger guests. UNMB encapsulates fullerenes C70 and C60 favoured by non-covalent interactions between the fullerenes and aromatic panels of the ligand molecules. Experimental and theoretical studies revealed that UNMB has the ability to bind C70 more strongly than its lower analogue C60. The stronger affinity of UNMB towards C70 was exploited to separate C70 from an equimolar mixture of C70 and C60. Moreover, C70 can be extracted from the C70⊂UNMB complex by toluene, and therefore, UNMB can be reused as a recyclable separating agent for C70 extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmraj Prajapati
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 India
| | - Jack K Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 India
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2
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Singha R, Maity P, Samanta D. Chiral Induction in a Self-Assembled Pd 4 Coordination Cage with Chiral Guests. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401013. [PMID: 38700019 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The dynamic interplay of coordination bonds within metal-organic cages offers a unique avenue for structural evolution in response to external stimuli, presenting a promising strategy for the construction of chiral assemblies. This adaptability is crucial for the selective synthesis of homochiral assemblies and advancement of asymmetric catalysis. In this study, we report the self-assembly of an achiral square-planar Pd(II) acceptor with a C2-symmetric tetrapyridyl donor resulted in the formation of a racemic mixture of the chiral octahedral cage Pd4L2. The existence of this racemic mixture was confirmed using circular dichroism spectroscopy as well as single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. We encoded chiral information into the asymmetric cavity of the cage by encapsulating chiral aromatic guests through efficient π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions in aqueous media. The inclusion of a chiral guest induces a preference for one enantiomeric conformation of the cage over the other, effectively shifting the equilibrium towards a single, enantiopure host-guest complex. While the concept of chiral guest recognition by a chiral host is well-established, this work constitutes a remarkable example of guest-mediated chirality transfer leading to the formation of a single enantiopure coordination complex from achiral building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghunath Singha
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Pankaj Maity
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Dipak Samanta
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
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3
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Harada K, Ono Y, Sekiya R, Haino T. Selective encapsulation of carboxylic acid dimers within a size-regulable resorcinarene-based hemicarcerand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6603-6606. [PMID: 38836696 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00699b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
A cavity within a resorcinarene-based hemicarcerand was contracted and expanded through conformational changes induced by the complexation and decomplexation, allowing self-sorting of homo- and heterodimeric carboxylic acid pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Harada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Yudai Ono
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM2), Hiroshima University, 2-313 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
| | - Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM2), Hiroshima University, 2-313 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
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4
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Jurček O, Chattopadhyay S, Kalenius E, Linnanto JM, Kiesilä A, Jurček P, Radiměřský P, Marek R. Unsymmetric Chiral Ligands for Large Metallo-Macrocycles: Selectivity of Orientational Self-Sorting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202409134. [PMID: 38845398 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Nature uses various chiral and unsymmetric building blocks to form substantial and complex supramolecular assemblies. In contrast, the majority of organic ligands used in metallosupramolecular chemistry are symmetric and achiral. Here we extend the group of unsymmetric chiral bile acids used as a scaffold for organic bispyridyl ligands by employing chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), an epimer of the previously used ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). The epimerism, flexibility, and bulkiness of the ligands leads to large structural differences in coordination products upon reaction with Pd(NO3)2. The UDCA-bispyridyl ligand self-assembles quantitatively into a single crown-like Pd3L6 complex, whereas the CDCA ligand provides a mixture of coordination complexes of general formula PdnL2n, i.e., Pd2L4, Pd3L6, Pd4L8, Pd5L10, and even Pd6L12 containing an impressive 120 chiral centers. The coordination products were studied by a combination of analytical methods, with ion-mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) providing valuable details on their structure and allowed an effective separation of m/z 1461 to individual signals according to the arrival time distribution, thereby revealing four different ions of [Pd3L6(NO3)3]3+, [Pd4L8(NO3)4]4+, [Pd5L10(NO3)5]5+, and [Pd6L12(NO3)6]6+. The structures of all the complexes were modelled using DFT calculations. Finally, the challenges and conclusions in determining the specific structural identity of these unsymmetric species are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Jurček
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého 1946/1, CZ-61200, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czechia
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czechia
| | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czechia
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czechia
| | - Elina Kalenius
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla P. O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juha M Linnanto
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwald Street 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anniina Kiesilä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla P. O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pia Jurček
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petr Radiměřský
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czechia
| | - Radek Marek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czechia
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czechia
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5
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Ogata D, Koide S, Kishi H, Yuasa J. Direct observation of electron transfer in solids through X-ray crystallography. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4412. [PMID: 38782903 PMCID: PMC11116525 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale electron transfer (ET) in solids is fundamental to the design of multifunctional nanomaterials, yet its process is not fully understood. Herein, through X-ray crystallography, we directly observe solid-state ET via a crystal-to-crystal process. We first demonstrate the creation of a robust and flexible electron acceptor/acceptor (A/A) double-wall nanotube crystal ([(Zn2+)4(LA)4(LA=O)4]n) with a large window (0.90 nm × 0.92 nm) through the one-dimensional porous crystallization of heteroleptic Zn4 metallocycles ((Zn2+)4(LA)4(LA=O)4) with two different acceptor ligands (2,7-bis((1-ethyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)ethynyl)acridine (LA) and 2,7-bis((1-ethyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)ethynyl)acridin-9(10H)-one (LA=O)) in a slow-oxidation-associated crystallization procedure. We then achieve the bottom-up construction of the electron donor incorporated-A/A nanotube crystal ([(D)2⊂(Zn2+)4(LA)4(LA=O)4]n) through the subsequent absorption of electron donor guests (D = tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and ferrocene (Fc)). Finally, we remove electrons from the electron donor guests inside the nanotube crystal through facile ET in the solid state to accumulate holes inside the nanotube crystal ([(D•+)2⊂(Zn2+)4(LA)4(LA=O)4]n), where the solid-state ET process (D - e- → D•+) is thus observed directly by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Ogata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Shota Koide
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Junpei Yuasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan.
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6
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Lai YL, Xie M, Zhou XC, Wang XZ, Zhu XW, Luo D, Zhou XP, Li D. Precise Post-Synthetic Modification of Heterometal-Organic Capsules for Selectively Encapsulating Tetrahedral Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402829. [PMID: 38380830 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Post-synthetic modification plays a crucial role in precisely adjusting the structure and functions of advanced materials. Herein, we report the self-assembly of a tubular heterometallic Pd3Cu6L16 capsule that incorporates Pd(II) and CuL1 metalloligands. This capsule undergoes further modification with two tridentate anionic ligands (L2) to afford a bicapped Pd3Cu6L16L22 capsule with an Edshammer polyhedral structure. By employing transition metal ions, acid, and oxidation agents, the bicapped capsule can be converted into an uncapped one. This uncapped form can then revert back to the bicapped structure on the addition of Br- ions and a base. Interestingly, introducing Ag+ ions leads to the removal of one L2 ligand from the bicapped capsule, yielding a mono-capped Pd3Cu6L16L2 structure. Furthermore, the size of the anions critically influences the precise control over the post-synthetic modifications of the capsules. It was demonstrated that these capsules selectively encapsulate tetrahedral anions, offering a novel approach for the design of intelligent molecular delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Liang Lai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
| | - Mo Xie
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Chao Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Zhi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Engineering Technology Developing Center of High-Performance CCL, Jiaying University, Meizhou, Guangdong 514015, PR China
| | - Dong Luo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
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7
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Wu K, Benchimol E, Baksi A, Clever GH. Non-statistical assembly of multicomponent [Pd 2ABCD] cages. Nat Chem 2024; 16:584-591. [PMID: 38243023 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembled hosts, inspired by biological receptors and catalysts, show application potential in sustainable synthesis, energy conversion and medicine. Implementing multiple functionalities in the form of distinguishable building blocks, however, is difficult without risking narcissistic self-sorting or a statistical mess. Here we report a systematic series of integratively self-assembled heteroleptic cages in which two square-planar PdII cations are bridged by four different bis-pyridyl ligands, A, B, C and D, via synergistic effects to exclusively form a single isomer-the lantern-shaped cage [Pd2ABCD]. This self-sorting goal-forming just one out of 55 possible structures-is reached under full thermodynamic control and can be realized progressively (by combining progenitors, such as [Pd2A2C2] with [Pd2B2D2]), directly from ligands and PdII cations or by mixing all four corresponding homoleptic cages. The rational design of complex multicomponent assemblies that enables the modular incorporation of diverse chemical moieties will advance their applicability in functional nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Elie Benchimol
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ananya Baksi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Guido H Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
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8
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de Montmollin J, Solea AB, Chen DW, Fadaei-Tirani F, Severin K. Orientational Self-Sorting in Octahedral Palladium Cages: Scope and Limitations of the " cis Rule". Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4583-4588. [PMID: 38198590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Octahedral coordination cages of the general formula [Pd6L12](BF4)12 were obtained by combining [Pd(CH3CN)4](BF4)2 with heteroditopic N-donor ligands. Four different ligands were employed. These ligands have 3-pyridyl donor groups at one end and 4-pyridyl, imidazolyl, or triazolyl donor groups at the other end. According to a geometric analysis, cages with a cis configuration at the six metal centers should be preferred ("cis rule"). This prediction was corroborated by spectroscopic data and crystallographic analyses. Limitations of the "cis rule" were also encountered, and possible explanations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean de Montmollin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Atena B Solea
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Damien W Chen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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9
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Yao Y, Shao C, Wang S, Gong Q, Liu J, Jiang H, Wang Y. Dual-controlled guest release from coordination cages. Commun Chem 2024; 7:43. [PMID: 38413721 PMCID: PMC10899651 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite having significant applications in the construction of controlled delivery systems with high anti-interference capability, to our knowledge dual-controlled molecular release has not yet been achieved based on small molecular/supramolecular entities. Herein, we report a dual-controlled release system based on coordination cages, for which releasing the guest from the cage demands synchronously altering the coordinative metal cations and the solvent. The cages, Hg5L2 and Ag5L2, are constructed via coordination-driven self-assembly of a corannulene-based ligand. While Hg5L2 shows a solvent-independent guest encapsulation in all the studied solvents, Ag5L2 is able to encapsulate the guests in only some of the solvents, such as acetone-d6, but will liberate the encapsulated guests in 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane-d2. Hg5L2 and Ag5L2 are interconvertible. Thus, the release of guests from Hg5L2 in acetone-d6 can be achieved, but requires two separate operations, including metal substitutions and a change of the solvent. Dual-controlled systems as such could be useful in complicated molecular release process to avoid those undesired stimulus-responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Chengyuan Shao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Shuwei Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Qiufang Gong
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China.
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10
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Molinska P, Tarzia A, Male L, Jelfs KE, Lewis JEM. Diastereoselective Self-Assembly of Low-Symmetry Pd n L 2n Nanocages through Coordination-Sphere Engineering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315451. [PMID: 37888946 PMCID: PMC10952360 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic cages (MOCs) are popular host architectures assembled from ligands and metal ions/nodes. Assembling structurally complex, low-symmetry MOCs with anisotropic cavities can be limited by the formation of statistical isomer libraries. We set out to investigate the use of primary coordination-sphere engineering (CSE) to bias isomer selectivity within homo- and heteroleptic Pdn L2n cages. Unexpected differences in selectivities between alternative donor groups led us to recognise the significant impact of the second coordination sphere on isomer stabilities. From this, molecular-level insight into the origins of selectivity between cis and trans diastereoisomers was gained, highlighting the importance of both host-guest and host-solvent interactions, in addition to ligand design. This detailed understanding allows precision engineering of low-symmetry MOC assemblies without wholesale redesign of the ligand framework, and fundamentally provides a theoretical scaffold for the development of stimuli-responsive, shape-shifting MOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Molinska
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Andrew Tarzia
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129TorinoItaly
| | - Louise Male
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department of ChemistryImperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City CampusWood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - James E. M. Lewis
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
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11
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Preston D, Evans JD. A Lantern-Shaped Pd(II) Cage Constructed from Four Different Low-Symmetry Ligands with Positional and Orientational Control: An Ancillary Pairings Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314378. [PMID: 37816684 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the key challenges of metallo-supramolecular chemistry is to maintain the ease of self-assembly but, at the same time, create structures of increasingly high levels of complexity. In palladium(II) quadruply stranded lantern-shaped cages, this has been achieved through either 1) the formation of heteroleptic (multi-ligand) assemblies, or 2) homoleptic assemblies from low-symmetry ligands. Heteroleptic cages formed from low-symmetry ligands, a hybid of these two approaches, would add an additional rich level of complexity but no examples of these have been reported. Here we use a system of ancillary complementary ligand pairings at the termini of cage ligands to target heteroleptic assemblies: these complementary pairs can only interact (through coordination to a single Pd(II) metal ion) between ligands in a cis position on the cage. Complementarity between each pair (and orthogonality to other pairs) is controlled by denticity (tridentate to monodentate or bidentate to bidentate) and/or hydrogen-bonding capability (AA to DD or AD to DA). This allows positional and orientational control over ligands with different ancillary sites. By using this approach, we have successfully used low-symmetry ligands to synthesise complex heteroleptic cages, including an example with four different low-symmetry ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Preston
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Jack D Evans
- Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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12
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Ahmadi M, Sprenger C, Pareras G, Poater A, Seiffert S. Self-organization of metallo-supramolecular polymer networks by free formation of pyridine-phenanthroline heteroleptic complexes. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:8112-8123. [PMID: 37846598 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01136d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Nature employs spontaneous self-organization of supramolecular bonds to create complex matter capable of adaptation and self-healing. Accordingly, the self-sorting of unlike ligands towards a cooperative heteroleptic complex or narcistic homoleptic association in a mixed ligand system is frequently employed to form interchangeable stimuli-responsive complex geometries with a wide range of applications. This notion is however just rarely employed in the organization of polymer networks. In this paper, we report the free-formation of heteroleptic complexes between tetra-am poly(ethylene glycol) (tetraPEG) precursors functionalized either with pyridine (tetraPy) or phenanthroline (tetraEPhen). Among a wide range of studied metal ions, tetraPy could form a network only in combination with Pd2+, presumably with a square-planar geometry, highlighting the importance of complex strength and stability in forming gels with monodentate ligands. Also, mixed networks with tetraEPhen form only in combination with Pd2+ and Fe2+, with strengths surpassing those of individual components and stabilities incomparable to those of parent networks, indicative of heteroleptic complexation. Extensive rheological, UV-vis, and DFT simulation studies revealed the coexistence of different coordination geometries, with an octahedral arrangement prevailing in the presence of Fe2+ and a square-planar geometry in the presence of Pd2+. Therefore, this study offers new opportunities for the development of stimuli-responsive topology-switching polymer networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Cora Sprenger
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Gerard Pareras
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Ma Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Ma Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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13
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Dong S, Yu Z, Guo L, Yang Y, Tu C, Krishna R, Luo F. Neutral MOF Anion Receptor: Radical-Promoted Precise Anion Recognition. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304054. [PMID: 37469243 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Precise ion recognition plays a key role in the anionic decontamination in water. However, the established anionic recognition based on neutral or cationic anion receptor is still restricted by the inherent limitation, such as narrow application scope in organic solvent rather than water for neutral anion receptor and poor selectivity due to non-directional electrostatic interaction for cationic anion receptor. Herein, for the first time, a neutral metal-organic framework (MOF) anion receptor is shown, enabling precise anion recognition, for example, the presence of a variety of 1000-fold competitive anions does not affect the selective adsorption of the target anion at all. A radical-dominating anion-recognition mechanism is proposed for rationalizing the efficacy of the neutral MOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Dong
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwu Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Liecheng Guo
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011, P. R. China
| | - Changzheng Tu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011, P. R. China
| | - Rajamani Krishna
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Feng Luo
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, P. R. China
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14
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Hu X, Tian W, Jiao Y, Kelley SP, Wang P, Dalgarno SJ, Atwood DA, Feng S, Atwood JL. Redox-Controlled Self-Assembly of Vanadium-Seamed Hexameric Pyrogallol[4]Arene Nanocapsules. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20375-20380. [PMID: 37672654 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the controlled self-assembly of vanadium-seamed metal-organic nanocapsules with specific metal oxidation state distributions. Three supramolecular assemblies composed of the same numbers of components including 24 metal centers and six pyrogallol[4]arene ligands were constructed: a VIII24L6 capsule, a mixed-valence VIII18VIV6L6 capsule, and a VIV24L6 capsule. Crystallographic studies of the new capsules reveal their remarkable structural complexity and geometries, while marked differences in metal oxidation state distribution greatly affect the photoelectric conversion properties of these assemblies. This work therefore represents a significant step forward in the construction of intricate metal-organic architectures with tailored structure and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangquan Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Wenjuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yuan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Steven P Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Scott J Dalgarno
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - David A Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Sisi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institute of Carbon-Based Thin Film Electronics, Peking University, Shanxi, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Jerry L Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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15
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Zhou LP, Feng XS, Hu SJ, Sun QF. Controlled Self-Assembly, Isomerism, and Guest Uptake/Release of Charge-Reversible Lanthanide-Organic Octahedral Cages. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17845-17855. [PMID: 37545096 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Charge plays a crucial role in the function of molecular and supramolecular systems, but coordination hosts capable of orthogonal charge regulation remain elusive so far. In this study, we report the condition-dependent self-assembly of charge-reversible lanthanide-organic tetra-capped octahedral cages, i.e., [Ln6(H3L)4]6+ and [Ln6L4]6-, from a series of lanthanide ions (Ln3+; Ln = Lu, Yb, Eu) and a tritopic tetradentate acylhydrazone ligand (H6L) featuring multiple deprotonation states and propeller conformations. While direct self-assembly under basic conditions produced a mixture of various ΔxΛ6-x-[Ln6L4]6- (x = 0-6) stereoisomers, racemic Δ6- and Λ6-[Ln6L4]6- could be exclusively obtained from the first self-assembly of Δ6- and Λ6-[Ln6(H3L)4]6+ under neutral conditions followed by post-assembly deprotonation. Rich isomerism on the tetra-capped octahedral cages arising from the coupling between the metal-centered Δ/Λ chirality and the ligand conformations has been discussed based on X-ray single-crystal structures of the C3-symmetric Δ3Λ3-Ln6L4 and T-symmetric Δ6/Λ6-Ln6L4 complexes. Host-guest studies confirmed that positively charged rac-Δ6/Λ6-[Ln6(H3L)4]6+ could bind anionic sulfonates, and negatively charged rac-Δ6/Λ6-[Ln6L4]6- exhibited strong encapsulation ability toward ammonium guests, where acid/base-triggered guest uptake/release could be realized taking advantage of the charge reversibility of the cage. Moreover, photophysical studies revealed visible-light-sensitized and guest-encapsulation-enhanced NIR emissions on the rac-Δ6/Λ6-Yb6L4 cage. This work not only enriches the library of functional lanthanide-organic cages but also provides a promising candidate with charge reversibility for the development of smart supramolecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Shan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Fu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
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16
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Pearcy AC, Lisboa LS, Preston D, Page NB, Lawrence T, Wright LJ, Hartinger CG, Crowley JD. Exploiting reduced-symmetry ligands with pyridyl and imidazole donors to construct a second-generation stimuli-responsive heterobimetallic [PdPtL 4] 4+ cage. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8615-8623. [PMID: 37592996 PMCID: PMC10430685 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01354e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A new sequential metalation strategy that enables the assembly of a new more robust reduced symmetry heterobimetallic [PdPtL4]4+ cage C is reported. By exploiting a low-symmetry ditopic ligand (L) that features imidazole and pyridine donor units we were able to selectively form a [Pt(L)4]2+ "open-cage" complex. When this was treated with Pd(ii) ions the cage C assembled. 1H and DOSY nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESIMS) data were consistent with the quantitative formation of the cage and the heterobimetallic structure was confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The cage C was shown to bind anionic guest molecules. NMR studies suggested that these guests interacted with the cavity of the cage in a specific orientation and this was confirmed for the mesylate ion (MsO-) : C host-guest adduct using X-ray crystallography. In addition, the system was shown to be stimulus-responsive and could be opened and closed on demand when treated with appropriate stimuli. If a guest molecule was bound within the cage, the opening and closing was accompanied by the release and re-uptake of the guest molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aston C Pearcy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Lynn S Lisboa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Dan Preston
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Nick B Page
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Tristan Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - L James Wright
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
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17
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Bloch WM, Horiuchi S, Holstein JJ, Drechsler C, Wuttke A, Hiller W, Mata RA, Clever GH. Maximized axial helicity in a Pd 2L 4 cage: inverse guest size-dependent compression and mesocate isomerism. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1524-1531. [PMID: 36794203 PMCID: PMC9906678 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06629g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicity is an archetypal structural motif of many biological systems and provides a basis for molecular recognition in DNA. Whilst artificial supramolecular hosts are often helical, the relationship between helicity and guest encapsulation is not well understood. We report a detailed study on a significantly coiled-up Pd2L4 metallohelicate with an unusually wide azimuthal angle (∼176°). Through a combination of NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, trapped ion mobility mass spectrometry and isothermal titration calorimetry we show that the coiled-up cage exhibits extremely tight anion binding (K of up to 106 M-1) by virtue of a pronounced oblate/prolate cavity expansion, whereby the Pd-Pd separation decreases for mono-anionic guests of increasing size. Electronic structure calculations point toward strong dispersion forces contributing to these host-guest interactions. In the absence of a suitable guest, the helical cage exists in equilibrium with a well-defined mesocate isomer that possesses a distinct cavity environment afforded by a doubled Pd-Pd separation distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold M. Bloch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Straße 644227 DortmundGermany,Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders UniversityAdelaideSouth Australia 5042Australia
| | - Shinnosuke Horiuchi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany .,Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Julian J. Holstein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Straße 644227 DortmundGermany
| | - Christoph Drechsler
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Axel Wuttke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University GöttingenTammannstraße 637077 GöttingenGermany
| | - Wolf Hiller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Ricardo A. Mata
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University GöttingenTammannstraße 637077 GöttingenGermany
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Straße 644227 DortmundGermany
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18
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Vasdev RAS, Preston D, Casey-Stevens CA, Martí-Centelles V, Lusby PJ, Garden AL, Crowley JD. Exploiting Supramolecular Interactions to Control Isomer Distributions in Reduced-Symmetry [Pd 2L 4] 4+ Cages. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1833-1844. [PMID: 35604785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High-symmetry metallosupramolecular architectures (MSAs) have been exploited for a range of applications including molecular recognition, catalysis, and drug delivery. Recently, there have been increasing efforts to enhance those applications by generating reduced-symmetry MSAs. Here we report our attempts to use supramolecular (dispersion and hydrogen-bonding) forces and solvophobic effects to generate isomerically pure [Pd2(L)4]4+ cage architectures from a family of new reduced-symmetry ditopic tripyridyl ligands. The reduced-symmetry tripyridyl ligands featured either solvophilic polyether chains, solvophobic alkyl chains, or amino substituents. We show using NMR spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, X-ray diffraction data, and density functional theory calculations that the combination of dispersion forces and solvophobic effects does not provide any control of the [Pd2(L)4]4+ isomer distribution with mixtures of all four cage isomers (HHHH, HHHT, cis-HHTT, or trans-HTHT, where H = head and T = tail) obtained in each case. More control was obtained by exploiting hydrogen-bonding interactions between amino units. While the cage assembly with a 3-amino-substituted tripyridyl ligand leads to a mixture of all four possible isomers, the related 2-amino-substituted tripyridyl ligand generated a cis-HHTT cage architecture. Formation of the cis-HHTT [Pd2(L)4]4+ cage was confirmed using NMR studies and X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roan A S Vasdev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Dan Preston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Caitlin A Casey-Stevens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Vicente Martí-Centelles
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland
| | - Paul J Lusby
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland
| | - Anna L Garden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
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19
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Sharma S, Sarkar M, Chand DK. Conjoined and non-conjoined coordination cages with palladium(II) vertices: structural diversity, solution dynamics, and intermolecular interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:535-554. [PMID: 36546562 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04828k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled coordination complexes prepared from a combination of Pd(II) components with one or more types of high-symmetry or low-symmetry bis/tris/tetrakis-monodentate ligands are considered in this review. The structures of these complexes are viewed in terms of the presence of a metallo-macromonocycle or conjoined metallo-macromonocycles/metallocages in the frameworks. Analysis of the typical molecular structures revealed an open truth that one or more units of metallo-macromonocycles can be conjoined to afford planar or non-planar systems. In the same line, the enveloping surface of a 3D cage can be considered as a multiple number of conjoined metallomacrocycles that embrace a 3D space from all directions. However, two or more units of cages are conjoined in a multi-3D-cavity cage system and such a system is considered as a conjoined cage. Construction of such conjoined cages having a finite but multiple number of 3D-cavities unified in a single molecular architecture is a challenging task when compared to that of single-3D-cavity based compounds. Conjoining of as many as four units of 3D cages is known so far. Single- as well as multi-cavity cages of lower symmetry have become a very recent trend in this regard where low-symmetry ligands or mixed ligand ensembles are crafted in the framework of the cages. Other structural diversities like helicity in cages, and supramolecular isomerism are also included in this assorted literature work. Although isomerism in classical coordination complexes is well known, it is very less studied in self-assembled coordination complexes. Ligand isomerism is one such feature that is reviewed here. The dynamic behavior of the cages results in interesting reactivity aspects. A large variety of dynamic processes are collected under an umbrella, i.e., "ligand exchange reactions" and described with examples. Intermolecular interaction among the already self-assembled molecules is possible in solution, solid, and gel-phases as discussed in the last part of this review. The understanding of intermolecular interaction is likely to influence different areas of research including crystal engineering, and materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| | - Moumita Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| | - Dillip Kumar Chand
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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20
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Horiuchi S, Yamaguchi T, Tessarolo J, Tanaka H, Sakuda E, Arikawa Y, Meggers E, Clever GH, Umakoshi K. Symmetry-breaking host-guest assembly in a hydrogen-bonded supramolecular system. Nat Commun 2023; 14:155. [PMID: 36631447 PMCID: PMC9834293 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bio-inspired self-assembly is invaluable to create well-defined giant structures from small molecular units. Owing to a large entropy loss in the self-assembly process, highly symmetric structures are typically obtained as thermodynamic products while formation of low symmetric assemblies is still challenging. In this study, we report the symmetry-breaking self-assembly of a defined C1-symmetric supramolecular structure from an Oh-symmetric hydrogen-bonded resorcin[4]arene capsule and C2-symmetric cationic bis-cyclometalated Ir complexes, carrying sterically demanding tertiary butyl (tBu) groups, on the basis of synergistic effects of weak binding forces. The flexible capsule framework shows a large structural change upon guest binding to form a distorted resorcin[4]arene hexameric capsule, providing an asymmetric cavity. Location of the chiral guest inside the anisotropic environment leads to modulation of its Electric Dipole (ED) and Magnetic Dipole (MD) transition moments in the excited state, causing an increased emission quantum yield, longer emission lifetime, and enhancement of the dissymmetry factor (glum) in the circularly polarized luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Horiuchi
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany. .,Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
| | - Takumi Yamaguchi
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Jacopo Tessarolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hirotaka Tanaka
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Eri Sakuda
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yasuhiro Arikawa
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Guido H Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Keisuke Umakoshi
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
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21
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Lewis JEM. Pseudo-heterolepticity in Low-Symmetry Metal-Organic Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212392. [PMID: 36074024 PMCID: PMC9828238 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Heteroleptic metal-organic cages, formed through integrative self-assembly of ligand mixtures, are highly attractive as reduced symmetry supramolecular hosts. Ensuring high-fidelity, non-statistical self-assembly, however, presents a significant challenge in molecular engineering due to the inherent difficulty in predicting thermodynamic energy landscapes. In this work, two conceptual strategies are described that circumvent this issue, using ligand design strategies to access structurally sophisticated metal-organic hosts. Using these approaches, it was possible to realise cavity environments described by two inequivalent, unsymmetrical ligand frameworks, representing a significant step forward in the construction of highly anisotropic confined spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. M. Lewis
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B15 2TTUK,Previous address: Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College London82 Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
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22
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Zhu J, Chen X, Jin X, Wang Q. Light-driven interconversion of Pd2L4 cage and mononuclear PdL2 mediated by the isomerization of azobenzene ligand. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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Li RJ, Tarzia A, Posligua V, Jelfs KE, Sanchez N, Marcus A, Baksi A, Clever GH, Fadaei-Tirani F, Severin K. Orientational self-sorting in cuboctahedral Pd cages. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11912-11917. [PMID: 36320919 PMCID: PMC9580501 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03856k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cuboctahedral coordination cages of the general formula [Pd12L24]24+ (L = low-symmetry ligand) were analyzed theoretically and experimentally. With 350 696 potential isomers, the structural space of these assemblies is vast. Orientational self-sorting refers to the preferential formation of particular isomers within the pool of potential structures. Geometric and computational analyses predict the preferred formation of cages with a cis arrangement at the metal centers. This prediction was corroborated experimentally by synthesizing a [Pd12L24]24+ cage with a bridging 3-(4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)pyridine ligand. A crystallographic analysis of this assembly showed exclusive cis coordination of the 3- and the 4-pyridyl donor groups at the Pd2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jin Li
- Institut of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Andrew Tarzia
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Victor Posligua
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Kim E Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | | | - Adam Marcus
- Institut of Mathematics, EPFL Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Ananya Baksi
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Universität Dortmund Dortmund 44227 Germany
| | - Guido H Clever
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Universität Dortmund Dortmund 44227 Germany
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
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24
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Van Craen D, Kalarikkal MG, Holstein JJ. A Charge-Neutral Self-Assembled L 2Zn 2 Helicate as Bench-Stable Receptor for Anion Recognition at Nanomolar Concentration. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18135-18143. [PMID: 36137546 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The field of anion recognition chemistry is dominated by two fundamental approaches to design receptors. One relies on the formation of covalent bonds resulting in organic and often neutral host species, while the other one utilizes metal-driven self-assembly for the formation of charged receptors with well-defined nanocavities. Yet, the combination of their individual advantages in the form of charge-neutral metal-assembled bench-stable anion receptors is severely lacking. Herein, we present a fluorescent and uncharged double-stranded hydroxyquinoline-based zinc(II) helicate with the ability to bind environmentally relevant dicarboxylate anions with high fidelity in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at nanomolar concentrations. These dianions are pinned between zinc(II) centers with binding constants up to 145 000 000 M-1. The presented investigation exemplifies a pathway to bridge the two design approaches and combine their strength in one structural motif as an efficient anion receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Van Craen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Malavika G Kalarikkal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Julian J Holstein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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25
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Okayasu Y, Wakabayashi K, Yuasa J. Anion-Driven Circularly Polarized Luminescence Inversion of Unsymmetrical Europium(III) Complexes for Target Identifiable Sensing. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15108-15115. [PMID: 36106989 PMCID: PMC9516667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Okayasu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kota Wakabayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Junpei Yuasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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26
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Lewis J. Pseudo‐heterolepticity in Low‐Symmetry Metal‐Organic Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202212392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Lewis
- University of Birmingham School of Chemistry Edgbaston B15 2TT Birmingham UNITED KINGDOM
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27
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Mishra SS, Chand DK. Diastereoselectively self-sorted low-symmetry binuclear metallomacrocycle and trinuclear metallocage. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:11650-11657. [PMID: 35818851 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01571d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A pyridine/aniline appended unsymmetrical bis-monodentate ligand N-(3-aminophenyl)nicotinamide, Lun is synthesized via condensation of nicotinic acid with excess m-phenylene diamine. A low-symmetry binuclear complex of the Pd2L'2Lun2 type and an extremely rare trinuclear complex of the Pd3Lun6 type are produced by self-assembly of the ligand Lun with cis-protected palladium(II) (i.e., PdL') and palladium(II), respectively. Two isomers (i.e. [(2,0), (2,0)] and [(1,1), (1,1)]-forms) are theoretically possible for the Pd2L'2Lun2-type complex whereas nine isomers can be envisaged in the case of the Pd3Lun6-type arrangement. However, one of the isomers of the Pd2L'2Lun2-type complex as well as the one for the Pd3Lun6-type complex are experimentally obtained. The exclusive formation of specific isomers could be predicted from the 1D/2D NMR study in the solution state and the DFT calculations in the gas phase/implicit solvent media. The formation of the predicted all-(1,1)-[Pd2(en)2Lun2](NO3)4 has been confirmed by a single-crystal XRD study. DFT calculations for the isomers of the Pd3Lun6-type arrangement show that a [cis(2,2), cis(2,2), cis(2,2)] isomer is energetically favourable than the alternatively predicted [trans(2,2), trans(2,2), trans(2,2)] isomer. Conformational changes within the build of the exclusively formed isomers are proposed on the basis of NMR study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dillip Kumar Chand
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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28
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Piskorz TK, Martí-Centelles V, Young TA, Lusby PJ, Duarte F. Computational Modeling of Supramolecular Metallo-organic Cages-Challenges and Opportunities. ACS Catal 2022; 12:5806-5826. [PMID: 35633896 PMCID: PMC9127791 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Self-assembled
metallo-organic
cages have emerged as promising
biomimetic platforms that can encapsulate whole substrates akin to
an enzyme active site. Extensive experimental work has enabled access
to a variety of structures, with a few notable examples showing catalytic
behavior. However, computational investigations of metallo-organic
cages are scarce, not least due to the challenges associated with
their modeling and the lack of accurate and efficient protocols to
evaluate these systems. In this review, we discuss key molecular principles
governing the design of functional metallo-organic cages, from the
assembly of building blocks through binding and catalysis. For each
of these processes, computational protocols will be reviewed, considering
their inherent strengths and weaknesses. We will demonstrate that
while each approach may have its own specific pitfalls, they can be
a powerful tool for rationalizing experimental observables and to
guide synthetic efforts. To illustrate this point, we present several
examples where modeling has helped to elucidate fundamental principles
behind molecular recognition and reactivity. We highlight the importance
of combining computational and experimental efforts to speed up supramolecular
catalyst design while reducing time and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz K. Piskorz
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Vicente Martí-Centelles
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Tom A. Young
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Lusby
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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29
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McTernan CT, Davies JA, Nitschke JR. Beyond Platonic: How to Build Metal-Organic Polyhedra Capable of Binding Low-Symmetry, Information-Rich Molecular Cargoes. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10393-10437. [PMID: 35436092 PMCID: PMC9185692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
field of metallosupramolecular chemistry has advanced rapidly
in recent years. Much work in this area has focused on the formation
of hollow self-assembled metal-organic architectures and exploration
of the applications of their confined nanospaces. These discrete,
soluble structures incorporate metal ions as ‘glue’
to link organic ligands together into polyhedra.Most of the architectures
employed thus far have been highly symmetrical, as these have been
the easiest to prepare. Such high-symmetry structures contain pseudospherical
cavities, and so typically bind roughly spherical guests. Biomolecules
and high-value synthetic compounds are rarely isotropic, highly-symmetrical
species. To bind, sense, separate, and transform such substrates,
new, lower-symmetry, metal-organic cages are needed. Herein we summarize
recent approaches, which taken together form the first draft of a
handbook for the design of higher-complexity, lower-symmetry, self-assembled
metal-organic architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie T McTernan
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jack A Davies
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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30
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Tripathy D, Debata NB, Naik KC, Sahoo HS. Coordination driven discrete metallopolygons and cages from unsymmetric bidentate ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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McConnell AJ. Metallosupramolecular cages: from design principles and characterisation techniques to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2957-2971. [PMID: 35356956 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01143j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although metallosupramolecular cages are self-assembled from seemingly simple building blocks, metal ions and organic ligands, architectures of increasingly large size and complexity are accessible and exploited in applications from catalysis to the stabilisation of reactive species. This Tutorial Review gives an introduction to the principles for designing metallosupramolecular cages and highlights advances in the design of large and lower symmetry cages. The characterisation and identification of cages relies on a number of complementary techniques with NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallography and computational methods being the focus of this review. Finally, examples of cages are discussed where these design principles and characterisation techniques are put into practice for an application or function of the cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J McConnell
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel 24098, Germany.
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32
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Findlay J, Patil K, Gardiner M, MacDermott-Opeskin H, O'mAra M, Kruger P, Preston D. Heteroleptic tripalladium(II) cages. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200093. [PMID: 35139260 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There is a concerted attempt to develop self-assembled metallo-cages of greater structural complexity, and heteroleptic Pd II cages are emerging as prime candidates in these efforts. Most of these are dinuclear: few examples of higher nuclearity have been reported. We demonstrate here a robust method for the formation of tripalladium(II) cages from the 2:3:3 combination of a tritopic ligand, Pd II , and a selection of ditopic ligands of the correct size and geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Findlay
- Australian National University, Research School of Chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | - Komal Patil
- University of Canterbury, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, NEW ZEALAND
| | - Michael Gardiner
- Australian National University, Research School of Chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | | | - Megan O'mAra
- Australian National University, Research School of Chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | - Paul Kruger
- University of Canterbury, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, NEW ZEALAND
| | - Dan Preston
- Australian National University, Research School of Chemistry, Building 137, Sullivan Creek Road, 26010, Australia, 9200, Canberra, AUSTRALIA
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33
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Hamashima K, Yuasa J. Entropy Versus Enthalpy Controlled Temperature/Redox Dual‐Triggered Cages for Selective Anion Encapsulation and Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Hamashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry Tokyo University of Science 1–3 Kagurazaka Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Junpei Yuasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry Tokyo University of Science 1–3 Kagurazaka Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
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34
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Birvé AP, Patel HD, Price JR, Bloch WM, Fallon T. Guest‐Dependent Isomer Convergence of a Permanently Fluxional Coordination Cage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André P. Birvé
- Department of Chemistry University of Adelaide Adelaide 5005 Australia
| | - Harshal D. Patel
- Department of Chemistry University of Adelaide Adelaide 5005 Australia
| | - Jason R. Price
- ANSTO Australian Synchrotron 800 Blackburn Road Clayton Vic 3168 Australia
| | - Witold M. Bloch
- Department of Chemistry University of Adelaide Adelaide 5005 Australia
| | - Thomas Fallon
- Department of Chemistry University of Adelaide Adelaide 5005 Australia
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35
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Owatari Y, Iseki S, Ogata D, Yuasa J. Catalytic electron drives host–guest recognition. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5261-5267. [PMID: 35655551 PMCID: PMC9093170 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01342h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The reactants of AQH–CH2CN are converted into AQ and CH3CN in sustainable electrocatalytic chain reactions, successfully achieving catalytic electron-triggered charge-transfer (CT) complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Owatari
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Shuta Iseki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Daiji Ogata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Junpei Yuasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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36
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Lewis JEM. Molecular engineering of confined space in metal–organic cages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13873-13886. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05560k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The host–guest chemistry of metal–organic cages can be modified through tailoring of structural aspects such as size, shape and functionality. In this review, strategies, opportunities and challenges of such molecular engineering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. M. Lewis
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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37
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Yu H, Li J, Shan C, Lu T, Jiang X, Shi J, Wojtas L, Zhang H, Wang M. Conformational Control of a Metallo-Supramolecular Cage via the Dissymmetrical Modulation of Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26523-26527. [PMID: 34779543 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In nature as well as life systems, the presence of asymmetrical and dissymmetrical structures with specific functions is extremely common. However, the construction of metallo-supramolecular assemblies based on dissymmetrical ligands still remains a considerable challenge for avoiding the generation of unexpected isomers with similar thermodynamic stabilities, especially for three-dimensional supramolecular structures. In this study, a strategy for the conformational control of metallo-supramolecular cages via the enhancement of ligand dissymmetry was proposed. Four dissymmetrical ditopic ligands were designed and synthesized. By increasing the dissymmetry of length or angle, conformations of assemblies were precisely controlled to form discrete cis-Pdn L2n molecular cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Chuan Shan
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Tong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Junjuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Houyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
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38
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Yu H, Li J, Shan C, Lu T, Jiang X, Shi J, Wojtas L, Zhang H, Wang M. Conformational Control of a Metallo‐Supramolecular Cage via the Dissymmetrical Modulation of Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University, Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University, Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Chuan Shan
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Tong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University, Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University, Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Junjuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University, Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Houyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University, Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University, Changchun Jilin 130012 China
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39
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Fallon T, Birve A, Patel HD, Price JR, Bloch WM. Guest-Dependent Isomer Convergence of a Permanently Fluxional Coordination Cage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115468. [PMID: 34854191 PMCID: PMC9303423 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A fluxional bis-monodentate ligand, based on the archetypal shape-shifting molecule bullvalene, self-assembles with M2+ (M = Pd2+ or Pt2+) to produce a highly complex ensemble of permanently fluxional coordination cages. Metal-mediated self-assembly selects for an M2L4 architecture while maintaining shape-shifting ligand complexity. A second level of simplification is achieved with guest-exchange; the binding of halides within the M2L4 cage mixture results in a convergence to a cage species with all four ligands present as the "B isomer". Within this confine, the reaction graph of the bullvalene is greatly restricted, but gives rise to a mixture of 38 possible diastereoisomers in rapid exchange. X-ray crystallography reveals a preference for an achiral form consisting of both ligand enantiomers. Through a combination of NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations, we elucidate the restricted isomerisation pathway of the permanently fluxional M2L4 assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fallon
- The University of Adelaide Adelaide Medical School, Department of Chemistry, Badger Laboratories, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA
| | - Andre Birve
- The University of Adelaide, Department of Chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | | | - Jason R Price
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Australian Synchrotron, AUSTRALIA
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40
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Hamashima K, Yuasa J. Entropy Versus Enthalpy Controlled Temperature/Redox Dual-Triggered Cages for Selective Anion Encapsulation and Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113914. [PMID: 34796586 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
New C3 -symmetric imidazole ligands were designed with phosphine and phosphine oxide linkers (LP and LPO , respectively) to demonstrate a dual-triggered dynamic closed coordination cage. Both LP and LPO form discrete Zn4 L4 -closed cages (1P and 1PO , respectively) with excellent selectively for BPh4 - , whereas 1P and 1PO encapsulate neither a slightly larger size anion [B(C6 H4 CH3 )4 - ] nor smaller size anions (BF4 - , PF6 - , SbF6 - , and OSO2 CF3 - ). 1PO exhibits more negative enthalpy and entropy changes upon anion encapsulation, thus releasing almost all of the encapsulated anions at high temperature (343 K) (trigger 1: BPh4 - ⊂1PO ← → 1PO +BPh4 - ). In contrast 1P has less negative enthalpy and entropy changes, thus preserving the captured anion over a wide range of temperatures (298 K to 343 K). The 1P cage can be quantitatively oxidized to the 1PO cage by a mild oxidant (Ox.=H2 O2 ), and therefore the captured anion can be released by a redox triggering event (trigger 2: BPh4 - ⊂1P +Ox.→1PO +BPh4 - ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Hamashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Junpei Yuasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
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41
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Li RJ, Marcus A, Fadaei-Tirani F, Severin K. Orientational self-sorting: formation of structurally defined Pd 4L 8 and Pd 6L 12 cages from low-symmetry dipyridyl ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10023-10026. [PMID: 34505600 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03828a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tetra- and hexanuclear coordination cages were obtained in reactions of [Pd(CH3CN)4](BF4)2 with low-symmetry dipyridyl ligands. In both cases, only one structurally defined complex was formed out of a vast pool of potential isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jin Li
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Adam Marcus
- Institute of Mathematics, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Kay Severin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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42
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Tarzia A, Lewis JEM, Jelfs KE. High‐Throughput Computational Evaluation of Low Symmetry Pd
2
L
4
Cages to Aid in System Design**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tarzia
- Department of Chemistry Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London White City Campus, Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - James E. M. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London White City Campus, Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London White City Campus, Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
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43
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Tarzia A, Lewis JEM, Jelfs KE. High-Throughput Computational Evaluation of Low Symmetry Pd 2 L 4 Cages to Aid in System Design*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20879-20887. [PMID: 34254713 PMCID: PMC8518684 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Unsymmetrical ditopic ligands can self-assemble into reduced-symmetry Pd2 L4 metallo-cages with anisotropic cavities, with implications for high specificity and affinity guest-binding. Mixtures of cage isomers can form, however, resulting in undesirable system heterogeneity. It is paramount to be able to design components that preferentially form a single isomer. Previous data suggested that computational methods could predict with reasonable accuracy whether unsymmetrical ligands would preferentially self-assemble into single cage isomers under constraints of geometrical mismatch. We successfully apply a collaborative computational and experimental workflow to mitigate costly trial-and-error synthetic approaches. Our rapid computational workflow constructs unsymmetrical ligands and their Pd2 L4 cage isomers, ranking the likelihood for exclusively forming cis-Pd2 L4 assemblies. From this narrowed search space, we successfully synthesised four new, low-symmetry, cis-Pd2 L4 cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tarzia
- Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College LondonWhite City Campus, Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - James E. M. Lewis
- Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College LondonWhite City Campus, Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College LondonWhite City Campus, Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
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44
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Nguyen BN, Thoburn JD, Grommet AB, Howe DJ, Ronson TK, Ryan HP, Bolliger JL, Nitschke JR. Coordination Cages Selectively Transport Molecular Cargoes Across Liquid Membranes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12175-12180. [PMID: 34337947 PMCID: PMC8397303 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chemical purifications are critical processes across many industries, requiring 10-15% of humanity's global energy budget. Coordination cages are able to catch and release guest molecules based upon their size and shape, providing a new technological basis for achieving chemical separation. Here, we show that aqueous solutions of FeII4L6 and CoII4L4 cages can be used as liquid membranes. Selective transport of complex hydrocarbons across these membranes enabled the separation of target compounds from mixtures under ambient conditions. The kinetics of cage-mediated cargo transport are governed by guest binding affinity. Using sequential transport across two consecutive membranes, target compounds were isolated from a mixture in a size-selective fashion. The selectivities of both cages thus enabled a two-stage separation process to isolate a single compound from a mixture of physicochemically similar molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John D. Thoburn
- Randolph-Macon
College, Department of Chemistry, Ashland, Virginia 23005, United States
| | - Angela B. Grommet
- University
of Cambridge, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Duncan J. Howe
- University
of Cambridge, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- University
of Cambridge, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Hugh P. Ryan
- University
of Cambridge, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Jeanne L. Bolliger
- University
of Cambridge, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
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45
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Suko N, Itamoto H, Okayasu Y, Okura N, Yuasa J. Helix-mediated over 1 nm-range chirality recognition by ligand-to-ligand interactions of dinuclear helicates. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8746-8754. [PMID: 34257874 PMCID: PMC8246085 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01611c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-range chirality recognition between the two chiral guest ligands can be tuned based on the helix distances (dLn–Ln = 11.5 and 14.0 Å) of bis-diketonate bridged dinuclear lanthanide complexes (2Th and 3Th, respectively) used as mediators. Both 2Th and 3Th form one-dimensional (1D) helical structures upon terminal binding of two chiral guest co-ligands (LR or LS). Long-range chiral self-recognition is achieved in self-assembly of 2Th with LR and LS to preferentially form homochiral assemblies, 2Th-LR·LR and 2Th-LS·LS, whereas there is no direct molecular interaction between the two guest ligands at the terminal edges. X-ray crystal structure analysis and density functional theory studies reveal that long-range chiral recognition is achieved by terminal ligand-to-ligand interactions between the bis-diketonate ligands and chiral guest co-ligands. Conversely, in self-assembly of 3Th with a longer helix length, statistical binding of LR and LS occurs, forming heterochiral (3Th-LR·LS) and homochiral (3Th-LR·LR and 3Th-LS·LS) assemblies in an almost 1 : 1 ratio. When phenyl side arms of the chiral guest co-ligands are replaced by isopropyl groups (L′R and L′S), chiral self-recognition is also achieved in the self-assembly process of 3Th with the longer helix length to generate homochiral (3Th-L′R·L′R and 3Th-L′S·L′S) assemblies as the favored products. Thus, subtle modification of the chiral guests is capable of achieving over 1.4 nm-range chirality recognition. Long-range chirality recognition between the two chiral guest ligands can be tuned based on the helix distances (dLn–Ln = 11.5 and 14.0 Å) of bis-diketonate bridged dinuclear lanthanide complexes (2Th and 3Th, respectively).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Suko
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science 1-3, Kagurazaka Shunjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Hideki Itamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science 1-3, Kagurazaka Shunjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okayasu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science 1-3, Kagurazaka Shunjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Naoya Okura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science 1-3, Kagurazaka Shunjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Junpei Yuasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science 1-3, Kagurazaka Shunjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
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46
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Pullen S, Tessarolo J, Clever GH. Increasing structural and functional complexity in self-assembled coordination cages. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7269-7293. [PMID: 34163819 PMCID: PMC8171321 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01226f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in metallo-supramolecular chemistry creates potential to synthesize functional nano systems and intelligent materials of increasing complexity. In the past four decades, metal-mediated self-assembly has produced a wide range of structural motifs such as helicates, grids, links, knots, spheres and cages, with particularly the latter ones catching growing attention, owing to their nano-scale cavities. Assemblies serving as hosts allow application as selective receptors, confined reaction environments and more. Recently, the field has made big steps forward by implementing dedicated functionality, e.g. catalytic centres or photoswitches to allow stimuli control. Besides incorporation in homoleptic systems, composed of one type of ligand, desire arose to include more than one function within the same assembly. Inspiration comes from natural enzymes that congregate, for example, a substrate recognition site, an allosteric regulator element and a reaction centre. Combining several functionalities without creating statistical mixtures, however, requires a toolbox of sophisticated assembly strategies. This review showcases the implementation of function into self-assembled cages and devises strategies to selectively form heteroleptic structures. We discuss first examples resulting from a combination of both principles, namely multicomponent multifunctional host-guest complexes, and their potential in application in areas such as sensing, catalysis, and photo-redox systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Pullen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jacopo Tessarolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Guido H Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
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47
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Tessarolo J, Lee H, Sakuda E, Umakoshi K, Clever GH. Integrative Assembly of Heteroleptic Tetrahedra Controlled by Backbone Steric Bulk. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6339-6344. [PMID: 33900773 PMCID: PMC8154538 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A bent fluorenone-based dipyridyl ligand LA reacts with PdII cations to a solvent-dependent dynamic library of [PdnL2n] assemblies, constituted by a [Pd3LA6] ring and a [Pd4LA8] tetrahedron as major components, and a [Pd6LA12] octahedron as minor component. Introduction of backbone steric hindrance in ligand LB allows exclusive formation of the [Pd6LB12] octahedron. Combining equimolar amounts of both ligands results in integrative self-sorting to give an unprecedented [Pd4LA4LB4] heteroleptic tetrahedron. Key to the non-statistical assembly outcome is exploiting the structural peculiarity of the [Pd4L8] tetrahedral topology, where the four lean ligands occupy two doubly bridged edges and the bulky ligands span the four remaining, singly bridged edges. Hence, the system finds a compromise between the entropic drive to form an assembly smaller than the octahedron and the enthalpic prohibition of pairing two bulky ligands on the same edge of the triangular ring. The emission of luminescent LA is maintained in both homoleptic [Pd3LA6] and heteroleptic [Pd4LA4LB4].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Tessarolo
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund
University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Haeri Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Hannam University, 1646, Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Eri Sakuda
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund
University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Division
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Keisuke Umakoshi
- Division
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund
University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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48
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Kudo K, Ide T, Kishida N, Yoshizawa M. Preparation of a Multicarbazole-Based Nanocapsule Capable of Largely Modulating Guest Spectroscopic Properties in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10552-10556. [PMID: 33635566 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A nanocapsule composed of multiple carbazole panels (ca. 12 panels) was quantitatively generated from bent carbazole-based amphiphiles in water. Unlike previously reported macrocycles and coordination cages bearing several carbazole panels, the resultant nanocapsule displays enhanced emissivity and improved electrochemical stability as compared with the monomeric amphiphile. The spectroscopic properties of substituted coumarin and boron-dipyrromethene dyes can be modulated upon encapsulation by the nanocapsule in water. In the cavity, a highly blue-shifted absorption band is observed from largely twisted coumarin dyes and two absorption bands are found from boron-dipyrromethene dimers stacked in an unusual L-shaped fashion. Moreover, the encapsulated dimers exhibit unique excimer-like emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohi Kudo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tokyo College, 1220-2 Kunugida-machi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 193-0997, Japan
| | - Tomohito Ide
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tokyo College, 1220-2 Kunugida-machi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 193-0997, Japan
| | - Natsuki Kishida
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
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49
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Kudo K, Ide T, Kishida N, Yoshizawa M. Preparation of a Multicarbazole‐Based Nanocapsule Capable of Largely Modulating Guest Spectroscopic Properties in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohi Kudo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Tokyo College 1220-2 Kunugida-machi, Hachioji-shi Tokyo 193-0997 Japan
| | - Tomohito Ide
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Tokyo College 1220-2 Kunugida-machi, Hachioji-shi Tokyo 193-0997 Japan
| | - Natsuki Kishida
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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50
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Ariga K, Shionoya M. Nanoarchitectonics for Coordination Asymmetry and Related Chemistry. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Centre for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Shionoya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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