1
|
Mears K, Nguyen GA, Ruiz B, Lehmann A, Nelson J, Fettinger JC, Tuononen HM, Power PP. Hydrobismuthation: Insertion of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons into the Heaviest Main Group Element Bond to Hydrogen. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19-23. [PMID: 38164928 PMCID: PMC10786065 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The bismuth hydride (2,6-Mes2H3C6)2BiH (1, Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl), which has a Bi-H 1H NMR spectroscopic signal at δ = 19.64 ppm, was reacted with phenylacetylene at 60 °C in toluene to yield [(2,6-Mes2C6H3)2BiC(Ph)=CH2] (2) after 15 min. Compound 2 was characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, and UV-vis spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray crystallography, and calculations employing density functional theory. Compound 2 is the first example of a hydrobismuthation addition product and displays Markovnikov regioselectivity. Computational methods indicated that it forms via a radical mechanism with an associated Gibbs energy of activation of 91 kJ mol-1 and a reaction energy of -90 kJ mol-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian
L. Mears
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Gia-Ann Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Bronson Ruiz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Annika Lehmann
- Department
of Chemistry, NanoScience Centre, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box
35, FI-40140 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jonah Nelson
- Department
of Chemistry, NanoScience Centre, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box
35, FI-40140 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 1N4
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Heikki M. Tuononen
- Department
of Chemistry, NanoScience Centre, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box
35, FI-40140 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Philip P. Power
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lan X, Zhang X, Mei Y, Hu C, Liu LL. Utilizing bis(imino)dihydroacridanide pincer ligands in p-block chemistry: synthesis and catalysis of an antimony monocation salt. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15660-15664. [PMID: 37859530 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03310d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
We present the synthesis and characterization of an Sb(III) monocation salt stabilized by a bulky bis(imino)dihydroacridanide pincer ligand. The Lewis acidity of the Sb cation is quantified using the Guttmann-Beckett method and confirmed by its reaction with 4-dimethylaminopyridine, which forms a Lewis acid-base adduct. This Sb cation exhibits catalytic activity in the cyanosilylation of arylketones. The electronic structure of the Sb cation as well as the mechanism of the catalytic transformation are explored by density functional theory computations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Lan
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yanbo Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Chaopeng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Land MA, Ren J, Roberts NJ, Bamford KL, Shayan M, Kutulska A, George T, Masuda JD, Chitnis SS. An Improved Synthesis of PN-adamantanoid Cages P 4 (NR) 6 and a Mechanistic Study of their Fourfold Oxidation. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300561. [PMID: 37497841 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus-nitrogen (PN) adamantanoid cages are valuable precursors for materials chemistry, but their syntheses are based on harsh methods that sometimes require access to restricted reagents. We report a new and scalable synthesis of PN adamantanoid compounds by chlorosilane elimination between bis-silylated amines and phosphorus trichloride. We further study the mechanism of the recently-reported four-fold oxidation of such cages with Me3 SiN3 to yield tetravalent tetrahedral connectors for materials chemistry. Reaction monitoring and kinetic modelling revealed the key rate-limiting step, but attempts to accelerate this using Lewis acid additives were unsuccessful. Nevertheless, a new four-fold oxidized PN-adamantanoid cage has been prepared and structurally characterized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Land
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jincheng Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Karlee L Bamford
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Mohsen Shayan
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Anastasiia Kutulska
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Tanner George
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Jason D Masuda
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Saurabh S Chitnis
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Böhme U, Herbig M. New Complexes of Antimony(III) with Tridentate O, E, O-Ligands (E = O, S, Se, Te, NH, NMe) Derived from N-Methyldiethanolamine. Molecules 2023; 28:4959. [PMID: 37446634 PMCID: PMC10343548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We synthesized a series of new antimony(III) compounds by reaction of Sb(OEt)3 with organic ligands of the type E(CH2-CH2-OH)2, with E = NH, NMe, O, S, Se, and Te. The synthesized compounds have the general composition [E(CH2-CH2-O)2]Sb(OEt). For comparison, the compound (O-CH2-CH2-S)Sb(OEt) was prepared. All compounds are characterized using NMR, IR, and Raman spectroscopy. The molecular structures of the products reveal the formation of chelate complexes, wherein the ligand molecules coordinate as tridentate O,E,O-ligands to the antimony atom. Dimer formation in the solid state allows the antimony atoms to reach pentacoordination. Quantum chemical calculations including topological analysis of electron density reveal that there are polar shared bonds between antimony and the oxygen atoms bound to antimony. The interactions between the donor atom E and the Sb atom and the interactions in the dimers can be characterized as Van der Waals interactions. The reactivity of [MeN(CH2-CH2-O)2]Sb(OEt) was investigated as an example. For this purpose, the compound reacted with a range of organic compounds such as carboxylic acids and carboxylic anhydrides and small molecules like CO2 and NH3. This study establishes a new and easy accessible class of antimony(III) compounds, provides new insights into the chemistry of antimony compounds and opens up new opportunities for further research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus Herbig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mandal D, Demirer TI, Sergeieva T, Morgenstern B, Wiedemann HTA, Kay CWM, Andrada DM. Evidence of Al II Radical Addition to Benzene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217184. [PMID: 36594569 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrophilic AlIII species have long dominated the aluminum reactivity towards arenes. Recently, nucleophilic low-valent AlI aluminyl anions have showcased oxidative additions towards arenes C-C and/or C-H bonds. Herein, we communicate compelling evidence of an AlII radical addition reaction to the benzene ring. The electron reduction of a ligand stabilized precursor with KC8 in benzene furnishes a double addition to the benzene ring instead of a C-H bond activation, producing the corresponding cyclohexa-1,3(orl,4)-dienes as Birch-type reduction product. X-ray crystallographic analysis, EPR spectroscopy, and DFT results suggest this reactivity proceeds through a stable AlII radical intermediate, whose stability is a consequence of a rigid scaffold in combination with strong steric protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debdeep Mandal
- General and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Saarland, Campus C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - T Ilgin Demirer
- General and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Saarland, Campus C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tetiana Sergeieva
- General and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Saarland, Campus C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- General and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Saarland, Campus C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Haakon T A Wiedemann
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Saarland, Campus B2.2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christopher W M Kay
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Saarland, Campus B2.2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Diego M Andrada
- General and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Saarland, Campus C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Omaña AA, Frenette BL, Dornsiepen E, Kobayashi R, Ferguson MJ, Iwamoto T, Rivard E. Frustrated Lewis pair-ligated tetrelenes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:774-786. [PMID: 36594250 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03807b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of [PB{SiX2}] (X = Cl, Br; PB = 1,2-iPr2(C6H4)BCy2; E = Si, Ge) adducts is described, with an initial focus on reduction attempts to access [PB{E}]x species; however, in all cases only free PB ligand was formed as the soluble product. Moreover, computations were performed to evaluate the energy penalty associated with EX2 dissociation from the PB chelates. Moving up the periodic table, the formal methylene adduct [PB{CH2}] was isolated and its reactivity was compared with its heavier element congeners of [PB{EH2}]. We also introduce new phosphine-borane frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chelates and explore preliminary coordination chemistry with these ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Brandon L Frenette
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Eike Dornsiepen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Ryo Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Roberts NJ, Johnson ER, Chitnis SS. Dispersion Stabilizes Metal–Metal Bonds in the 1,8-Bis(silylamido)naphthalene Ligand Environment. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Rd, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Erin R. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Rd, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Saurabh S. Chitnis
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Rd, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bedard J, Roberts NJ, Shayan M, Bamford KL, Werner-Zwanziger U, Marczenko KM, Chitnis SS. (PNSiMe 3 ) 4 (NMe) 6 : A Robust Tetravalent Phosphaza-adamantane Scaffold for Molecular and Macromolecular Construction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204851. [PMID: 35384216 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tetraarylmethanes and adamantanes are important rigid covalent connectors that play a four-way scaffolding role in molecular and materials chemistry. We report the synthesis of a new tetravalent phosphaza-adamantane cage, (PNSiMe3 )4 (NMe)6 (2), that shows high thermal, air, and redox stability due to its geometry. It nevertheless participates in covalent four-fold functionalization reactions along its periphery. The combination of a robust core and reactive corona makes 2 a convenient inorganic scaffold upon which tetrahedral molecular and macromolecular chemistry can be constructed. This potential is demonstrated by the synthesis of a tetrakis(bis(phosphine)iminium) ion (in compound 3) and the first all P/N poly(phosphazene) network (5).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Bedard
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Roberts
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Mohsen Shayan
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Karlee L Bamford
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ulrike Werner-Zwanziger
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | | | - Saurabh S Chitnis
- Chemistry Department, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bedard J, Roberts N, Shayan M, Bamford KL, Werner-Zwanziger U, Marczenko KM, Chitnis SS. (PNSiMe3)4(NMe)6: A Robust Tetravalent Phosphaza‐adamantane Scaffold for Molecular and Macromolecular Construction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Saurabh S. Chitnis
- Dalhousie University Department of Chemistry Chemistry Building, 6274 Coburg Road B3H 4R2 Halifax CANADA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Roy MMD, Omaña AA, Wilson ASS, Hill MS, Aldridge S, Rivard E. Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12784-12965. [PMID: 34450005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, and 12-16. Particular attention will be given to the emerging use of said hydrides in the rapidly expanding field of Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this review is comprehensive in nature, focus will be given to research appearing in the open literature since 2001.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Andrew S S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kodama S, Yamamoto Y, Kobiki Y, Matsubara H, Tran CC, Kawaguchi SI, Nomoto A, Ogawa A. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Diarylation of Isocyanides with Triarylbismuthines for the Selective Synthesis of Imine Derivatives. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154271. [PMID: 34361465 PMCID: PMC8348920 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The transition-metal-catalyzed diarylation of isocyanides with triarylbismuthines was investigated in detail, and rhodium catalysts such as [RhCl(nbd)]2 were found to selectively afford N-alkyl diaryl ketimines. On the other hand, palladium-catalyzed diarylation proceeded with the incorporation of two molecules of isocyanide, preferentially yielding N,N’-dialkyl or N,N’-diaryl α-diimines. In addition, a cascade synthesis of 2,3-diarylquinoxalines starting from the palladium-catalyzed diarylation of isocyanides with triarylbismuthines was successfully achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Kodama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.Y.); (Y.K.); (H.M.); (C.C.T.); (A.N.)
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.Y.); (Y.K.); (H.M.); (C.C.T.); (A.N.)
| | - Yohsuke Kobiki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.Y.); (Y.K.); (H.M.); (C.C.T.); (A.N.)
| | - Hitomi Matsubara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.Y.); (Y.K.); (H.M.); (C.C.T.); (A.N.)
| | - Cong Chi Tran
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.Y.); (Y.K.); (H.M.); (C.C.T.); (A.N.)
| | - Shin-ichi Kawaguchi
- Center for Education and Research in Agricultural Innovation, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 152-1 Shonan-cho, Karatsu, Saga 847-0021, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.-i.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Akihiro Nomoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.Y.); (Y.K.); (H.M.); (C.C.T.); (A.N.)
| | - Akiya Ogawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.Y.); (Y.K.); (H.M.); (C.C.T.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence: (S.-i.K.); (A.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sun X, Zhu C. Synthesis, characterization and reactivity of a neutral antimony(III) complex. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
13
|
Omaña AA, Green RK, Kobayashi R, He Y, Antoniuk ER, Ferguson MJ, Zhou Y, Veinot JGC, Iwamoto T, Brown A, Rivard E. Frustrated Lewis Pair Chelation as a Vehicle for Low-Temperature Semiconductor Element and Polymer Deposition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:228-231. [PMID: 32960472 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The stabilization of silicon(II) and germanium(II) dihydrides by an intramolecular Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) ligand, PB, i Pr2 P(C6 H4 )BCy2 (Cy=cyclohexyl) is reported. The resulting hydride complexes [PB{SiH2 }] and [PB{GeH2 }] are indefinitely stable at room temperature, yet can deposit films of silicon and germanium, respectively, upon mild thermolysis in solution. Hallmarks of this work include: 1) the ability to recycle the FLP phosphine-borane ligand (PB) after element deposition, and 2) the single-source precursor [PB{SiH2 }] deposits Si films at a record low temperature from solution (110 °C). The dialkylsilicon(II) adduct [PB{SiMe2 }] was also prepared, and shown to release poly(dimethylsilane) [SiMe2 ]n upon heating. Overall, this study introduces a "closed loop" deposition strategy for semiconductors that steers materials science away from the use of harsh reagents or high temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Rachel K Green
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Ryo Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yingjie He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Evan R Antoniuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Yuqiao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jonathan G C Veinot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Alex Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Omaña AA, Green RK, Kobayashi R, He Y, Antoniuk ER, Ferguson MJ, Zhou Y, Veinot JGC, Iwamoto T, Brown A, Rivard E. Frustrated Lewis Pair Chelation as a Vehicle for Low‐Temperature Semiconductor Element and Polymer Deposition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro A. Omaña
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Rachel K. Green
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Ryo Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yingjie He
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Evan R. Antoniuk
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Yuqiao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Jonathan G. C. Veinot
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Alex Brown
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
MacMillan JWM, Marczenko KM, Johnson ER, Chitnis SS. Hydrostibination of Alkynes: A Radical Mechanism*. Chemistry 2020; 26:17134-17142. [PMID: 32706129 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The addition of Sb-H bonds to alkynes was reported recently as a new hydroelementation reaction that exclusively yields anti-Markovnikov Z-olefins from terminal acetylenes. We examine four possible mechanisms that are consistent with the observed stereochemical and regiochemical outcomes. A comprehensive analysis of solvent, substituent, isotope, additive, and temperature effects on hydrostibination reaction rates definitively refutes three ionic mechanisms involving closed-shell charged intermediates. Instead the data support a fourth pathway featuring open-shell neutral intermediates. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations are consistent with this model, predicting an activation barrier that is in agreement with the experimental value (Eyring analysis) and a rate limiting step that is congruent with the experimental kinetic isotope effect. We therefore conclude that hydrostibination of arylacetylenes is initiated by the generation of stibinyl radicals, which then participate in a cycle featuring SbII and SbIII intermediates to yield the observed Z-olefins as products. This mechanistic understanding will enable rational evolution of hydrostibination as a synthetic methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W M MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, B3H 4R2, Halifax, Canada
| | - Katherine M Marczenko
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, B3H 4R2, Halifax, Canada
| | - Erin R Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, B3H 4R2, Halifax, Canada
| | - Saurabh S Chitnis
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, B3H 4R2, Halifax, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kindervater MB, Hynes T, Marczenko KM, Chitnis SS. Squeezing Bi: PNP and P 2N 3 pincer complexes of bismuth. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:16072-16076. [PMID: 32469352 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01413c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the first application of a rigid P2N3 pincer ligand in p-block chemistry by preparing its bismuth complex. We also report the first example of bismuth complexes featuring a flexible PNP pincer ligand, which shows phase-dependent structural dynamics. Highly electrophilic, albeit thermally unstable, Bi(iii) complexes of the PNP ligand were also prepared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus B Kindervater
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Béland VA, Ragogna PJ. Orthogonally Bimetallized Phosphane-ene Photopolymer Networks. Chemistry 2020; 26:12751-12757. [PMID: 32293766 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of batteries and fuel cells has brought to light a need for carbon anode materials doped homogeneously with electrocatalytic metals. In particular, combinations of electrocatalysts in carbon have shown promising activity. A method to derive functional carbon materials is the pyrolysis of metallopolymers. This work describes the synthesis of a bifunctional phosphonium-based system derived from a phosphane-ene network. The olefin functionality can be leveraged in a hydrogermylation reaction to functionalize the material with Ge. Unaffected by this radical addition, the bromide counterion of the phosphonium cation can be used to subsequently incorporate a second metal in an ion-complexation reaction with CuBr2 . The characterization of the polymers and the derived ceramics are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Béland
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for, Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Paul J Ragogna
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for, Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dostál L, Jambor R, Aman M, Hejda M. (N),C,N-Coordinated Heavier Group 13-15 Compounds: Synthesis, Structure and Applications. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2320-2340. [PMID: 33073931 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to summarize recent achievements in the field of (N),C,N-coordinated group 13-15 compounds not only regarding their synthesis and structure, but mainly focusing on their potential applications. Relevant compounds contain various types of N-coordinating ligands built up on an ortho-(di)substituted phenyl platform. Thus, group 13 and 14 derivatives were used as single-source precursors for the deposition of semiconducting thin films, as building blocks for the preparation of high-molecular polymers with remarkable optical and chemical properties or as compounds with interesting reactivity in hydrometallation processes. Group 15 derivatives function as catalysts in the Mannich reaction, in the allylation of aldehydes or activation of CO2 . They were used as transmetallation reagents in transition metal catalysed coupling reactions. The univalent species serve as ligands for transition metals, activate alkynes or alkenes and are utilized as catalysts in the transfer hydrogenation of azo-compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Aman
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hejda
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Helling C, Wölper C, Schulz S. Synthesis of heteroleptic gallium-substituted antimony hydrides by stepwise β-H elimination. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:11835-11842. [PMID: 32662807 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01937b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heteroleptic stibanes Cp*(R)SbCl (R = Dip 1, N(SiMe3)22, OB(NDipCH)23; Cp* = C5Me5; Dip = 2,6-i-Pr2-C6H3) react with monovalent gallanediyl LGa (L = HC[C(Me)N(Dip)]2) with elimination of 1,2,3,4-tetramethylfulvene, yielding heteroleptic metal-stabilized Sb hydrides [L(Cl)Ga](R)SbH (R = Dip 4, N(SiMe3)25, OB(NDipCH)26). Compounds 1-6 were characterized by heteronuclear NMR (1H, 11B, 13C) and IR spectroscopy, and the solid-state structures of 4-6 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A close correlation between the 1H NMR chemical shift of the hydride ligand and the electronegativity of the Sb-coordinating atoms was revealed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Helling
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for NanoIntegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5-7, S07 S03 C30, D-45117 Essen, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Thermally-robust bismuthanylstibanes are prepared in a one-step, high yield reaction, providing the first examples of neutral Bi-Sb σ-bonds in the solid state. DFT calculations indicate that the bis(silylamino)naphthalene scaffold is well-suited for supporting otherwise labile bonds. The reaction chemistry of the Bi-Sb bond is debuted by showing fission using NH3BH3 and insertion of a sulfur atom, the latter providing the first example of a Bi-S-Sb motif.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Marczenko
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Marczenko KM, Jee S, Chitnis SS. High Lewis Acidity at Planar, Trivalent, and Neutral Bismuth Centers. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Marczenko
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Samantha Jee
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Saurabh S. Chitnis
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|