1
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Yao M, Jing Y, Bi H, Ke Z, Wang SR. Scorpion-Shaped Hybrid Double Helicenes via Orthogonal Alkyne Annulation Reactions. J Org Chem 2024; 89:13093-13100. [PMID: 39250176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Scorpion-shaped hybrid double helicenes, consisting of a [5] or [6] carbohelicene and an aza[4]helicene, have been successfully constructed by orthogonal alkyne annulations via an aryl C-I bond and amido N-H bond from polyaromatic ring-fused iodoisocoumarins. In spite of the unexpected instability upon aerobic oxidation upon ambient visible light irradiation over several days, both ultraviolet-visible absorption and photoluminescence spectra along with density functional theory calculations of these helicenes have been studied, which rely heavily on the bent polyaromatic ring-fused quinolizinone conjugate skeleton. In addition, the Stokes shifts of hybrid double helicenes are generally larger than those of the structurally similar mono-carbohelicenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Yao
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yaru Jing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongyan Bi
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sunewang R Wang
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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2
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Pan C, Chu L, Liu T, Xu ZJ, Wang L, Han J. Palladium-Catalyzed Triple Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions Using Cyclic (Vinyl Triflate)iodonium Salts. Org Lett 2024; 26:4168-4172. [PMID: 38727243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
By using cyclic (vinyl triflate)iodonium salts, a novel triple Suzuki-Miyaura reaction was accomplished for the synthesis of polyaromatic ethylene derivatives in the presence of palladium catalysts. The reaction exhibits extensive compatibility with a wide range of readily available arylboronic acids, giving triaryl-substituted ethylenes in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Pan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Department of Fine Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Chu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Department of Fine Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Taiyou Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Department of Fine Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Jiang Xu
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Department of Fine Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Department of Fine Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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3
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Sadaphal VA, Wu TL, Liu RS. Synthesis of two nitrogen-containing polyaromatic compounds through gold catalysis/DBU-promoted cyclizations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4294-4297. [PMID: 38546213 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00113c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
This work reports an efficient synthesis of novel benzo[7,8]indolizino[2,3,4,5-ija]quinazoline derivatives between 2-(2-ethynylaryl)acetonitriles 1 and anthranils 2. The synthetic approach involves the initial formation of 7-formylindole intermediates that can be implemented by DBU to activate a novel indole-nitrile-aldehyde cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tien-Lin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Rai-Shung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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4
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Sala J, Capdevila L, Berga C, de Aquino A, Rodríguez L, Simon S, Ribas X. Luminescent Chiral Furanol-PAHs via Straightforward Ni-Catalysed C sp2 -F Functionalization: Mechanistic Insights into the Scholl Reaction. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303200. [PMID: 37903141 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the stepwise synthesis of new nanographenes (NGs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) obtained via Scholl ring fusion applied at aromatic homologation compounds, which are obtained through one-step Ni-catalysed Csp2 -F functionalization. The latter are rapidly accessed valid precursors for the Scholl reaction, and screening of experimental conditions allowed us to describe for the first time furanol-bearing PAHs. Mechanistic insights are obtained by DFT to rationalize the formation of the furanol PAHs under moderately acidic conditions. All PAHs and NGs synthesized show moderate/weak fluorescent properties, and all PAHs crystallized show some degree of curvature and are obtained as racemic mixtures. Enantiomeric separation by chiral HPLC of one furanol-bearing PAH allowed the study of their chiroptical CD properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Sala
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lorena Capdevila
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina Berga
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Araceli de Aquino
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona (Spain), Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona (Spain), Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sílvia Simon
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavi Ribas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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5
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Li J, Liu T, Singh N, Huang Z, Ding Y, Huang J, Sudarsanam P, Li H. Photocatalytic C-N bond construction toward high-value nitrogenous chemicals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14341-14352. [PMID: 37987689 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04771g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The construction of carbon-nitrogen bonds is vital for producing versatile nitrogenous compounds for the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Among developed synthetic approaches to nitrogenous chemicals, photocatalysis is particularly prominent and has become one of the emerging fields due to its unique advantages of eco-sustainable characteristics, efficient process integration, no need for high-pressure H2, and tunable synthesis methods for developing advanced photocatalytic materials. Here, the review focuses on potential photocatalytic protocols developed for the construction of robust carbon-nitrogen bonds in discrepant activation environments to produce high-value nitrogenous chemicals. The photocatalytic C-N bond construction strategies and involved reaction mechanisms are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Tengyu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Nittan Singh
- Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Zhuochun Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Yan Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Jinshu Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Putla Sudarsanam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, India.
| | - Hu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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6
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Sanil G, Krzeszewski M, Chaładaj W, Danikiewicz W, Knysh I, Dobrzycki Ł, Staszewska-Krajewska O, Cyrański MK, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT. Gold-Catalyzed 1,2-Aryl Shift and Double Alkyne Benzannulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311123. [PMID: 37823245 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The tandem intramolecular hydroarylation of alkynes accompanied by a 1,2-aryl shift is described. Harnessing the unique electron-rich character of 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole scaffold, we demonstrate that the hydroarylation of alkynes proceeds at the already occupied positions 2 and 5 leading to a 1,2-aryl shift. Remarkably, the reaction proceeds only in the presence of cationic gold catalyst, and it leads to heretofore unknown π-expanded, centrosymmetric pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles. The utility is verified in the preparation of 13 products that bear six conjugated rings. The observed compatibility with various functional groups allows for increased tunability with regard to the photophysical properties as well as providing sites for further functionalization. Computational studies of the reaction mechanism revealed that the formation of the six-membered rings accompanied with a 1,2-aryl shift is both kinetically and thermodynamically favourable over plausible formation of products containing 7-membered rings. Steady-state UV/Visible spectroscopy reveals that upon photoexcitation, the prepared S-shaped N-doped nanographenes undergo mostly radiative relaxation leading to large fluorescence quantum yields. Their optical properties are rationalized through time-dependent density functional theory calculations. We anticipate that this chemistry will empower the creation of new materials with various functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gana Sanil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Chaładaj
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Witold Danikiewicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iryna Knysh
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Michał K Cyrański
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Bhattacharyya A, Sk MR, Sen S, Kundu S, Maji MS. Annulative π-Extension by Cp*Co(III)-Catalyzed Ketone-Directed peri-Annulation: An Approach to Access Fused Arenes. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38032281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
A masked-bay-region selective first-row transition-metal Cp*Co(III)-catalyzed annulative π-extension of arene-derived ketones is achieved to afford K-region-functionalized benzo[e]pyrenes, benzotetraphenes, and pyrenes. Comprehensive density functional theory studies buttress the mechanistic pathway comprising key steps like peri-C-H activation, alkyne 1,2-migratory insertion, and nucleophilic attack toward ketone, this attack being the rate-determining step. In addition, π-conjugated 1,1'-bipyrenes, potential photocatalyst pyrene-quinones, and putative n-type semiconductor cyano group-containing dibenzo[de,qr]tetracenes are also accessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Md Raja Sk
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Supreeta Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Samrat Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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8
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Hoelzel H, Lee S, Amsharov KY, Jux N, Harano K, Nakamura E, Lungerich D. Time-resolved imaging and analysis of the electron beam-induced formation of an open-cage metallo-azafullerene. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1444-1451. [PMID: 37386284 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The visualization of single-molecule reactions provides crucial insights into chemical processes, and the ability to do so has grown with the advances in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. There is currently a limited mechanistic understanding of chemical reactions under the electron beam. However, such reactions may enable synthetic methodologies that cannot be accessed by traditional organic chemistry methods. Here we demonstrate the synthetic use of the electron beam, by in-depth single-molecule, atomic-resolution, time-resolved transmission electron microscopy studies, in inducing the formation of a doubly holed fullerene-porphyrin cage structure from a well-defined benzoporphyrin precursor deposited on graphene. Through real-time imaging, we analyse the hybrid's ability to host up to two Pb atoms, and subsequently probe the dynamics of the Pb-Pb binding motif in this exotic metallo-organic cage structure. Through simulation, we conclude that the secondary electrons, which accumulate in the periphery of the irradiated area, can also initiate chemical reactions. Consequently, designing advanced carbon nanostructures by electron-beam lithography will depend on the understanding and limitations of molecular radiation chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Hoelzel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sol Lee
- Center for NanoMedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Koji Harano
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Center for NanoMedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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9
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Fujishiro K, Morinaka Y, Ono Y, Tanaka T, Scott LT, Ito H, Itami K. Lithium-Mediated Mechanochemical Cyclodehydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:8163-8175. [PMID: 37011146 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodehydrogenation is an essential synthetic method for the preparation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic heteroaromatic compounds, and nanographenes. Among the many examples, anionic cyclodehydrogenation using potassium(0) has attracted synthetic chemists because of its irreplaceable reactivity and utility in obtaining rylene structures from binaphthyl derivatives. However, existing methods are difficult to use in terms of practicality, pyrophoricity, and lack of scalability and applicability. Herein, we report the development of a lithium(0)-mediated mechanochemical anionic cyclodehydrogenation reaction for the first time. This reaction could be easily performed using a conventional and easy-to-handle lithium(0) wire at room temperature, even under air, and the reaction of 1,1'-binaphthyl is complete within 30 min to afford perylene in 94% yield. Using this novel and user-friendly protocol, we investigated substrate scope, reaction mechanism, and gram-scale synthesis. As a result, remarkable applicability and practicality over previous methods, as well as limitations, were comprehensively studied by computational studies and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrated two-, three-, and five-fold cyclodehydrogenations for the synthesis of novel nanographenes. In particular, quinterrylene ([5]rylene or pentarylene), the longest nonsubstituted molecular rylene, was synthesized for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanna Fujishiro
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yuta Morinaka
- Tokyo Research Center, Organic Materials Research Laboratory, Tosoh Corporation, 2743-1 Hayakawa, Ayase, Kanagawa 252-1123, Japan
| | - Yohei Ono
- Tokyo Research Center, Organic Materials Research Laboratory, Tosoh Corporation, 2743-1 Hayakawa, Ayase, Kanagawa 252-1123, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- Tosoh Corporation, 3-8-2 Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8623, Japan
| | - Lawrence T Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Hideto Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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10
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Izquierdo‐García P, Fernández‐García JM, Perles J, Fernández I, Martín N. Electronic Control of the Scholl Reaction: Selective Synthesis of Spiro vs Helical Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215655. [PMID: 36495528 PMCID: PMC10107473 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Scholl oxidation has become an essential reaction in the bottom-up synthesis of molecular nanographenes. Herein, we describe a Scholl reaction controlled by the electronic effects on the starting substrate (1 a, b). Anthracene-based polyphenylenes lead to spironanographenes under Scholl conditions. In contrast, an electron-deficient anthracene substrate affords a helically arranged molecular nanographene formed by two orthogonal dibenzo[fg,ij]phenanthro-[9,10,1,2,3-pqrst]pentaphene (DBPP) moieties linked through an octafluoroanthracene core. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations predict that electronic effects control either the first formation of spirocycles and subsequent Scholl reaction to form spironanographene 2, or the expected dehydrogenation reaction leading solely to the helical nanographene 3. The crystal structures of four of the new spiro compounds (syn 2, syn 9, anti 9 and syn 10) were solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The photophysical properties of the new molecular nanographene 3 reveal a remarkable dual fluorescent emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Izquierdo‐García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica IFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de MadridAvd. de la Complutense, S/N28040MadridSpain
| | - Jesús M. Fernández‐García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica IFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de MadridAvd. de la Complutense, S/N28040MadridSpain
| | - Josefina Perles
- Laboratorio de Difracción de Rayos X de MonocristalSIdIUniversidad Autónoma de Madridc/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7 Campus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica IFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de MadridAvd. de la Complutense, S/N28040MadridSpain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica IFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de MadridAvd. de la Complutense, S/N28040MadridSpain
- IMDEA-NanocienciaC/Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
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11
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Kawahara KP, Ito H, Itami K. Rapid access to polycyclic thiopyrylium compounds from unfunctionalized aromatics by thia-APEX reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1157-1160. [PMID: 36594536 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06706d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We developed a sulfur-embedding annulative π-extension (thia-APEX) reaction that could construct a sulfur-embedding cationic hexagonal aromatic ring, thiopyrylium, onto unfunctionalized aromatics in one step. The key of thia-APEX is the use of S-imidated ortho-arenoyl arenethiols, and a variety of π-extended thiopyryliums can easily be synthesized. The synthesized thiopyryliums showed diverse absorption and emission properties over the visible light to NIR region, depending on minor structural differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kou P Kawahara
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan. .,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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12
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Koyanagi A, Murata Y, Hayakawa S, Matsumura M, Yasuike S. One-pot synthesis of 2-arylated and 2-alkylated benzoxazoles and benzimidazoles based on triphenylbismuth dichloride-promoted desulfurization of thioamides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1479-1487. [PMID: 36320343 PMCID: PMC9592962 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of novel and efficient synthesis methods for 2-substituted benzazole derivatives is of interest as they are biologically active substances. Herein, a simple method for the synthesis of 2-aryl- and 2-alkyl-substituted benzazoles is described. The reaction of 2-aminophenols with thioamides at 60 °C in the presence of triphenylbismuth dichloride in 1,2-dichloroethane as a promoter afforded various 2-aryl- and 2-alkylbenzoxazoles in moderate to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. This method could also be applied to the synthesis of benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles. This study presents the first use of triphenylbismuth dichloride to produce benzimidoyl chloride from thioamides by desulfurization and chlorination, as well as its application to the synthesis of 2-substituted benzazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisu Koyanagi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Yuki Murata
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Shiori Hayakawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Mio Matsumura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Shuji Yasuike
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
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13
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Hindenberg P, Belyaev A, Rominger F, Koshevoy IO, Romero-Nieto C. Two-Fold Intramolecular Phosphacyclization: From Fluorescent Diphosphapyrene Salts to Pentavalent Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:6391-6396. [PMID: 36040429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of π-extended pyrene-based luminescent compounds containing two six-membered phosphacycles has been realized through a two-step synthesis. It involves a Cu(II)-mediated double cyclization of tertiary diphosphane derivatives to afford dicationic molecules with quaternized phosphorus centers. Subsequent transformation of diphosphonium species into the corresponding P-oxide derivatives has been successfully achieved through Pd(0)-assisted cleavage of the P-Ph bonds, which opens a promising way for the functionalization of polyaromatic P-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hindenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Belyaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Igor O Koshevoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Carlos Romero-Nieto
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Calle Almansa 14 - Edif. Bioincubadora, 02008 Albacete, Spain
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14
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Boratyński PJ. Stereoselective Domino Rearrangement peri-Annulation of Cinchona Alkaloid Derivatives with 8-Bromo-1-naphthyl Grignard. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11602-11607. [PMID: 35998654 PMCID: PMC9442652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The unexpected domino coupling and rearrangement of the Cinchona alkaloid skeleton has been found to occur in the
reaction of 9-chloro-9-deoxy-alkaloids with Grignards from peri-dihalogenonaphthalene. The cyclization and migration
of the central quinuclidinylmethyl group (C9) from position C-4′
to position C-3′ of quinoline formed a novel chiral ring system
of 5-aza-7H-benzo[no]tetraphene,
yielding products of unlike configuration. The proposed
reaction pathway involves radical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław J Boratyński
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 26, Wrocław 50-370, Poland
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15
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New paradigms in molecular nanocarbon science. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Borioni J, Baumgartner MT, Puiatti M, Jimenez LB. 1-Substituted Perylene Derivatives by Anionic Cyclodehydrogenation: Analysis of the Reaction Mechanism. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:21860-21867. [PMID: 35785287 PMCID: PMC9245103 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perylene derivatives constitute a promising class of compounds with technological applications mainly due to their optoelectronic properties. One mechanism proposed to synthesize them, starting from binaphthyl derivatives, is anionic cyclodehydrogenation (under reductive conditions). However, the scope of this reaction is limited. In the present study, we report a theoretical and experimental analysis of this particular reaction mechanism for its use in the synthesis of 1-substituted perylenes. Different substituents at position 2 of 1,1'-binaphthalene were evaluated: -OCH3, -OSi(CH3)2C(CH3)3, and -N(CH3)2. Based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the proposed mechanism, we suggest that the cyclization takes place from binaphthyl dianion instead of its radical anion. This dianion has an open-shell diradical nature, and this could be the species that was detected by EPR in previous studies. The O-substituted derivatives could not afford the perylene derivatives since their radical anions fragment and the necessary binaphthyl dianion could not be formed. On the other hand, 49% of N,N-dimethylperylen-1-amine was obtained starting from the N-substituted 2-binapthyl derivative as a substrate, employing a simpler experimental methodology.
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17
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Lee JB, Kim GH, Jeon JH, Jeong SY, Lee S, Park J, Lee D, Kwon Y, Seo JK, Chun JH, Kang SJ, Choe W, Rohde JU, Hong SY. Rapid access to polycyclic N-heteroarenes from unactivated, simple azines via a base-promoted Minisci-type annulation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2421. [PMID: 35504905 PMCID: PMC9065069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional synthetic methods to yield polycyclic heteroarenes have largely relied on metal-mediated arylation reactions requiring pre-functionalised substrates. However, the functionalisation of unactivated azines has been restricted because of their intrinsic low reactivity. Herein, we report a transition-metal-free, radical relay π-extension approach to produce N-doped polycyclic aromatic compounds directly from simple azines and cyclic iodonium salts. Mechanistic and electron paramagnetic resonance studies provide evidence for the in situ generation of organic electron donors, while chemical trapping and electrochemical experiments implicate an iodanyl radical intermediate serving as a formal biaryl radical equivalent. This intermediate, formed by one-electron reduction of the cyclic iodonium salt, acts as the key intermediate driving the Minisci-type arylation reaction. The synthetic utility of this radical-based annulative π-extension method is highlighted by the preparation of an N-doped heptacyclic nanographene fragment through fourfold C–H arylation. The functionalisation of unactivated azines has been restricted because of their intrinsic low reactivity. Here the authors show a transition-metal-free, radical relay π-extension approach to produce N-doped polycyclic aromatic compounds directly from simple azines and cyclic iodonium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Bin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Ha Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yeong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Soochan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyoung Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkook Kwon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kon Seo
- UNIST Central Research Facilities (UCRF), UNIST, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hyun Chun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Ju Kang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyoung Choe
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jan-Uwe Rohde
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung You Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Ulč J, Asanuma Y, Moss R, Manca G, Císařová I, Kotora M. Computational, Mechanistic, and Experimental Insights into Regioselective Catalytic C-C Bond Activation in Linear 1-Aza-[3]triphenylene. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8665-8674. [PMID: 35309457 PMCID: PMC8928494 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
C-C bond activation by transition metal complexes in ring-strained compounds followed by annulation with unsaturated compounds is an efficient approach to generate structurally more complex compounds. However, the site of catalytic C-C bond activation is difficult to predict in unsymmetrically substituted polycyclic systems. Here, we report a study on the (regio)selective catalytic cleavage of selected C-C bonds in 1-aza-[3]triphenylene, followed by annulation with alkynes, forming products with extended π-conjugated frameworks. Based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we established the stability of possible transition metal intermediates formed by oxidative addition to the C-C bond and thus identified the likely site of C-C bond activation. The computationally predicted selectivity was confirmed by the following experimental tests for the corresponding Ir-catalyzed C-C cleavage reaction followed by an alkyne insertion that yielded mixtures of two mono-insertion products isolated with yields of 34-36%, due to the close reactivity of two bonds during the first C-C bond activation. Similar results were obtained for twofold Ir- or Rh-catalyzed insertion reactions, with higher yields of 72-77%. In a broader context, by combining DFT calculations, which provided insights into the relative reactivity of individual C-C bonds, with experimental results, our approach allows us to synthesize previously unknown pentacyclic azaaromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ulč
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Yuya Asanuma
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Moss
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ivana Císařová
- CNR-ICCOM, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
Firenze, Italy
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kotora
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
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19
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Shan L, Weng Y, Li H, Min L, Wang X, Hu Y. Bischler–Napieralski Synthesis of Polycyclic N-Heteroaromatics Based on Tf 2O-Promoted Electrophilic Activation of N-Aryl-2-Propynamides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4124-4133. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Shan
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yunxiang Weng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Hongchen Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lin Min
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yuefei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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20
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You S, Ruan M, Lu C, Liu L, Weng Y, Yang G, Wang S, Alhumade H, Lei A, Gao M. Paired electrolysis enabled annulation for the quinolyl-modification of bioactive molecules. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2310-2316. [PMID: 35310496 PMCID: PMC8864700 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06757e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A paired electrolysis enabled cascade annulation that enables the efficient synthesis of highly functionalized quinoline-substituted bioactive molecules from readily available starting materials is reported. Using this methodology, two goals, namely, the direct synthesis of quinolines and the introduction of quinoline moieties to bioactive molecules, can be simultaneously achieved in one simple operation. The use of electroreduction for the activation of isatin, together with the further anodic oxidation of KI to catalytically result in a cascade annulation, highlight the unique possibilities associated with electrochemical activation methods. This transformation can tolerate a wide range of functional groups and can also be used as a functionalization tactic in pharmaceutical research as well as other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi You
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Mengyao Ruan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Cuifen Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Yue Weng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Guichun Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Shengchun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Hesham Alhumade
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Meng Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
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21
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Varghese EV, Gao CF, Chang YL, Chen HY, Chen CH. Synthesis of Distorted Nitrogen-Doped Nanographenes by Partially Oxidative Cyclodehydrogenation Reaction. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200114. [PMID: 35137559 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of partially fused N-doped nanographenes are synthesized via the oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of oligoaryl-substituted dibenzo[ e,l ]pyrene ( 1 ), including compounds ( 2 - 4 ) with five, six, and seven new C-C bonds are formed, respectively, implying stepwise C-C bond fusion and extended π-conjugation. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of compound 4a revealed that the presence of sterically demanding groups hindered the formation of planar and fully fused nanographene in the oxidative cyclodehydrogenation reaction step. Optical study of compounds 2 to 4 showed that extended π-conjugation leads to a regular stepwise bathochromic shift in the absorption and emission spectra. Furthermore, the HOMO-LUMO gaps of these compounds exhibit a decrease as C-C bond formation proceeds. Thus, the optoelectronic properties of nanographenes are highly dependent on the formation of new C-C bonds in the molecular skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldhose V Varghese
- KMU: Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | - Chen-Feng Gao
- KMU: Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | - Yu-Lun Chang
- KMU: Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | - Hsing-Yin Chen
- KMU: Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, TAIWAN
| | - Chia-Hsiang Chen
- Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, No.100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, 807, Kaohsiung, TAIWAN
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22
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Li Q, Hamamoto Y, Kwek G, Xing B, Li Y, Ito S. Diazapentabenzocorannulenium: A Hydrophilic/Biophilic Cationic Buckybowl. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang‐Qiang Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yosuke Hamamoto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Germain Kwek
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Bengang Xing
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Shingo Ito
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
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23
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Borissov A, Maurya YK, Moshniaha L, Wong WS, Żyła-Karwowska M, Stępień M. Recent Advances in Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 122:565-788. [PMID: 34850633 PMCID: PMC8759089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent progress in the chemistry of polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules with a focus on structural diversity and synthetic methodology. The article covers literature published during the period of 2016-2020, providing an update to our first review of this topic (Chem. Rev. 2017, 117 (4), 3479-3716).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet
Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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24
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Li QQ, Hamamoto Y, Tan CCH, Sato H, Ito S. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides and imidoyl halides for synthesis of π-extended imidazolium salts. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00941b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new synthetic approach to π-extended imidazolium salts is developed based on 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylides with imidoyl chlorides in the presence of cesium fluoride as a key additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Qiang Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yosuke Hamamoto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Cai Hui Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-Cho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Shingo Ito
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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25
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Krzeszewski M, Ito H, Itami K. Infinitene: A Helically Twisted Figure-Eight [12]Circulene Topoisomer. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:862-871. [PMID: 34910487 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
New forms of molecular nanocarbon particularly looped polyarenes adopting various topologies contribute to the fundamental science and practical applications. Here we report the synthesis of an infinity-shaped polyarene, infinitene (1) (cyclo[c.c.c.c.c.c.e.e.e.e.e.e]dodecakisbenzene), comprising consecutively fused 12-benzene rings forming an enclosed loop with a strain energy of 60.2 kcal·mol-1. Infinitene (1) represents a topoisomer of still-hypothetical [12]circulene, and its scaffold can be formally visualized as the outcome of the "stitching" of two homochiral [6]helicene subunits by both their ends. The synthetic strategy encompasses transformation of a rationally designed dithiacyclophane to cyclophadiene through the Stevens rearrangement and pyrolysis of the corresponding S,S'-bis(oxide) followed by the photocyclization. The structure of 1 is a unique hybrid of helicene and circulene with a molecular formula of C48H24, which can be regarded as an isomer for kekulene, [6,6]carbon nanobelt ([6,6]CNB), and [12]cyclacene. Infinitene (1) is a bench-stable yellow solid with green fluorescence and soluble to common organic solvents. Its figure-eight molecular structure was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The scaffold of 1 is significantly compressed as manifested by a remarkably shortened distance (3.152-3.192 Å) between the centroids of two π-π stacked central benzene rings and the closest C···C distance of 2.920 Å. Fundamental photophysical properties of 1 were thoroughly elucidated by UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic studies and density functional theory calculations. Its configurational stability enabled separation of the corresponding enantiomers (P,P) and (M,M) by a chiral HPLC. Circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) measurements revealed that 1 has moderate |gCD| and |gCPL| values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Krzeszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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26
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Li QQ, Hamamoto Y, Kwek G, Xing B, Li Y, Ito S. Diazapentabenzocorannulenium: A Hydrophilic/Biophilic Cationic Buckybowl. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112638. [PMID: 34863045 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic molecules are promising functional materials for a wide range of applications, especially in organic electronics. However, their largely hydrophobic nature has impeded further applications. As such, imparting high solubility/hydrophilicity to polycyclic aromatic molecules leads to a breakthrough in this research field. Herein, we report the synthesis of diazapentabenzocorannulenium, a cationic nitrogen-embedded buckybowl bearing a central imidazolium core, by a bottom-up strategy from polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylide. X-ray crystallography analyses have revealed a bowl-shaped molecular structure that is capable of forming charge-segregated one-dimensional columns by bowl-in-bowl packing. In addition to its fluorescence capabilities and high dispersibility in water, the molecule was found to selectively localize in the mitochondria of various tumor cells, showing potential as viable mitochondria-selective fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Qiang Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yosuke Hamamoto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Germain Kwek
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Bengang Xing
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Shingo Ito
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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27
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Biagiotti G, Perini I, Richichi B, Cicchi S. Novel Synthetic Approach to Heteroatom Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Optimizing the Bottom-Up Approach to Atomically Precise Doped Nanographenes. Molecules 2021; 26:6306. [PMID: 34684887 PMCID: PMC8537472 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of the rational bottom-up approach to nanostructured carbon materials and the discovery of the importance of their doping with heteroatoms puts under the spotlight all synthetic organic approaches to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The construction of atomically precise heteroatom doped nanographenes has evidenced the importance of controlling its geometry and the position of the doping heteroatoms, since these parameters influence their chemical-physical properties and their applications. The growing interest towards this research topic is testified by the large number of works published in this area, which have transformed a once "fundamental research" into applied research at the cutting edge of technology. This review analyzes the most recent synthetic approaches to this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Biagiotti
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (G.B.); (I.P.)
| | - Ilaria Perini
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (G.B.); (I.P.)
| | - Barbara Richichi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (G.B.); (I.P.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti, 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Stefano Cicchi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (G.B.); (I.P.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti, 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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28
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Wang X, Lou C, Lv L, Li Z. Annulative π-Extension (APEX) of Indoles to Pyrido[1,2- a]indoles Using 4-Oxo Peroxides as C4 Units. Org Lett 2021; 23:5978-5982. [PMID: 34263600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Annulative π-extension (APEX) of 3-substituted indoles to pyrido[1,2-a]indoles is developed by using 4-oxo peroxides as π-extending reagents, which are employed as versatile C4 building blocks. This transformation is initiated by Brønsted acid-mediated Hock rearrangement of the peroxyl group. Notably, the pyrido[1,2-a]indole products are obtained by elimination of the indole moiety from the corresponding dihydropyrido[1,2-a]indoles, which could be selectively formed at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Chenhao Lou
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Leiyang Lv
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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29
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Jin E, Yang Q, Ju CW, Chen Q, Landfester K, Bonn M, Müllen K, Liu X, Narita A. A Highly Luminescent Nitrogen-Doped Nanographene as an Acid- and Metal-Sensitive Fluorophore for Optical Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10403-10412. [PMID: 34224242 PMCID: PMC8283754 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Dibenzo[hi,st]ovalene (DBOV)
has excellent photophysical properties, including strong fluorescence
and high ambient stability. Moreover, the optical blinking properties
of DBOV have enabled optical super-resolution single-molecule localization
microscopy with an imaging resolution beyond the diffraction limit.
Various organic and inorganic fluorescent probes have been developed
for super-resolution imaging, but those sensitive to pH and/or metal
ions have remained elusive. Here, we report a diaza-derivative of
DBOV (N-DBOV), synthesized in eight steps with a total yield of 15%.
Nitrogen (N)-bearing zigzag edges were formed through oxidative cyclization
of amino groups in the last step. UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy
of N-DBOV revealed its promising optical properties comparable to
those of the parent DBOV, while cyclic voltammetry and density functional
theory calculations highlighted its lower orbital energy levels and
potential n-type semiconductor character. Notably,
in contrast to that of the parent DBOV, the strong luminescence of
N-DBOV is dependent on pH and the presence of heavy metal ions, indicating
the potential of N-DBOV in sensing applications. N-DBOV also exhibited
pH-responsive blinking, which enables pH-sensitive super-resolution
imaging. Therefore, N-DBOV appears to be a highly promising candidate
for fluorescence sensing in biology and environmental analytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enquan Jin
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Qiqi Yang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Cheng-Wei Ju
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany.,College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | | | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany.,Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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30
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Yamamoto S, Zhou ZY, Hiruta G, Takeuchi K, Choi JC, Yasuda T, Kanbara T, Kuwabara J. One-Pot Synthesis of Triazatriphenylene Using the Povarov Reaction. J Org Chem 2021; 86:7920-7927. [PMID: 34038118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Povarov reaction combines aromatic amines, aldehydes, and alkynes in a single step and is regarded as an annulative π-extension reaction of aromatic amines. In this study, the Povarov reaction was investigated as an efficient tool for the synthesis of aza-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via multiple π-extensions. The double Povarov reaction of 1,4-diaminobenzene yielded the 4,7-phenanthroline derivative as the major product, regardless of the steric repulsion in the product. The site selectivity mainly depended on the HOMO distribution of the intermediate rather than the steric factor. Based on these insights, a 1,5,9-triazatriphenylene derivative was synthesized via a triple Povarov reaction. The structures of the synthesized compounds were unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The triazatriphenylene derivative formed a smooth and stable thin film upon vacuum vapor deposition and served as a hole-blocking material in organic light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachie Yamamoto
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Zong Yang Zhou
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Goki Hiruta
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Takeuchi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Jun-Chul Choi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasuda
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Junpei Kuwabara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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31
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Taniguchi T, Nishii Y, Mori T, Nakayama KI, Miura M. Synthesis, Structure, and Chiroptical Properties of Indolo- and Pyridopyrrolo-Carbazole-Based C 2 -Symmetric Azahelicenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:7356-7361. [PMID: 33778999 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of 11,12-bis(1,1'-biphenyl-3-yl or 6-phenylpyridin-2-yl)-substituted 11,12-dihydro-indolo[2,3-a]carbazole with an oxidizing system of Pd(II)/Ag(I) induced effective double dehydrogenative cyclization to afford the corresponding π-extended azahelicenes. The optical resolutions were readily achieved by a preparative chiral HPLC. It was found that the pyridopyrrolo-carbazole-based azahelicene that contains four nitrogen atoms exhibits ca. 6 times larger dissymmetry factors both in circularly dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), |gCD | and |gCPL | values being 1.1×10-2 and 4.4×10-3 , respectively, as compared with the parent indolocarbazole-based azahelicene. Theoretical calculations at the RI-CC2 level were employed to rationalize the observed enhanced chiroptical responses. The (chir)optical properties of the former helicene was further tuned by a protonation leading to remarkable red-shift with a considerable enhancement of the |gCPL | value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisei Taniguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nakayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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32
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Wang CS, Sun Q, García F, Wang C, Yoshikai N. Robust Cobalt Catalyst for Nitrile/Alkyne [2+2+2] Cycloaddition: Synthesis of Polyarylpyridines and Their Mechanochemical Cyclodehydrogenation to Nitrogen-Containing Polyaromatics*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9627-9634. [PMID: 33559370 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The transition-metal-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition of nitriles and alkynes is an established synthetic approach to pyridines; however, these cycloadditions often rely on the use of tethered diynes or cyanoalkynes as one of the reactants. Thus, examples of efficient, fully intermolecular catalytic [2+2+2] pyridine synthesis, especially those employing unactivated nitriles and internal alkynes leading to pentasubstituted pyridines, remain scarce. Herein, we report on simple and inexpensive catalytic systems based on cobalt(II) iodide, 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane, and Zn that promote [2+2+2] cycloaddition of various nitriles and diarylacetylenes for the synthesis of a broad range of polyarylated pyridines. DFT studies support a reaction pathway involving oxidative coupling of two alkynes, insertion of the nitrile into a cobaltacyclopentadiene, and C-N reductive elimination. The resulting tetra- and pentaarylpyridines serve as precursors to hitherto unprecedented nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via mechanochemically assisted multifold reductive cyclodehydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sheng Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Qiao Sun
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Felipe García
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Chen Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemical Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, P. R. China
| | - Naohiko Yoshikai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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33
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Wang C, Sun Q, García F, Wang C, Yoshikai N. Robust Cobalt Catalyst for Nitrile/Alkyne [2+2+2] Cycloaddition: Synthesis of Polyarylpyridines and Their Mechanochemical Cyclodehydrogenation to Nitrogen‐Containing Polyaromatics**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang‐Sheng Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Qiao Sun
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Felipe García
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Chen Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemical Process Shaoxing University Shaoxing 312000 P. R. China
| | - Naohiko Yoshikai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
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34
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Gerosa GG, Schwengers SA, Maji R, De CK, List B. Homologisierung der Fischer‐Indol‐Synthese: Chinoline via Homo‐Diaza‐Cope‐Umlagerung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajat Maji
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
| | - Chandra Kanta De
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
| | - Benjamin List
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
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35
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Gerosa GG, Schwengers SA, Maji R, De CK, List B. Homologation of the Fischer Indolization: A Quinoline Synthesis via Homo-Diaza-Cope Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20485-20488. [PMID: 32621795 PMCID: PMC7693176 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We disclose a new Brønsted acid promoted quinoline synthesis, proceeding via homo-diaza-Cope rearrangement of N-aryl-N'-cyclopropyl hydrazines. Our strategy can be considered a homologation of Fischer's classical indole synthesis and delivers 6-membered N-heterocycles, including previously inaccessible pyridine derivatives. This approach can also be used as a pyridannulation methodology toward constructing polycyclic polyheteroaromatics. A computational analysis has been employed to probe plausible activation modes and to interrogate the role of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajat Maji
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Chandra Kanta De
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Benjamin List
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
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36
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Tasior M, Vakuliuk O, Koga D, Koszarna B, Górski K, Grzybowski M, Kielesiński Ł, Krzeszewski M, Gryko DT. Method for the Large-Scale Synthesis of Multifunctional 1,4-Dihydro-pyrrolo[3,2- b]pyrroles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13529-13543. [PMID: 32907329 PMCID: PMC7656515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A thorough investigation has enabled
the optimization of the synthesis
of 1,4-dihydro-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles. Although salts
of such metals as vanadium, niobium, cerium, and manganese were found
to facilitate the formation of 1,4-dihydro-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles from amines, aldehydes, and diacetyl, we confirmed that
iron salts are the most efficient catalysts. The conditions identified
(first step: toluene/AcOH = 1:1, 1 h, 50 °C; second step: toluene/AcOH
= 1:1, Fe(ClO4)3·H2O, 16 h,
50 °C) resulted in the formation of tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles in a 6–69% yield. For the first time,
very electron-rich substituents (4-Me2NC6H4, 3-(OH)C6H4, pyrrol-2-yl) originating
from aldehydes and sterically hindered substituents (2-ClC6H4, 2-BrC6H4, 2-CNC6H4, 2-(CO2Me)C6H4, 2-(TMS-C≡C)C6H4) present on anilines can be appended to the
pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole core. It is now also possible
to prepare 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles bearing
an ordered arrangement of N-substituents and C-substituents ranging from coumarin, quinoline, phthalimide
to truxene. These advances in scope enable independent regulations
of many desired photophysical properties, including the Stokes shift
value and emission color ranging from violet-blue through deep blue,
green, yellow to red. Simultaneously, the optimized conditions have
finally allowed the synthesis of these extremely promising heterocycles
in amounts of more than 10 g per run without a concomitant decrease
in yield or product contamination. Empowered with better functional
group compatibility, novel derivatization strategies were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daiki Koga
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Górski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kielesiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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37
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Qian Y, Shang J, Lyu Z, Huang X, Guan A, Xu L, Gong H. Synthesis of
π‐Extended
Carbazoles via
One‐Pot
C—C Coupling and Chlorination Promoted by
FeCl
3
. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Zhongguancundajie 59 Beijing 100872 China
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Xinjiekouwaidajie 19 Beijing 100875 China
| | - Jia Shang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Xinjiekouwaidajie 19 Beijing 100875 China
| | - Zhen‐Hua Lyu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Xinjiekouwaidajie 19 Beijing 100875 China
| | - Xin Huang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Xinjiekouwaidajie 19 Beijing 100875 China
| | - Ai‐jiao Guan
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancunbeiyijie 2 Beijing 100190 China
| | - Li‐Jin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Zhongguancundajie 59 Beijing 100872 China
| | - Han‐Yuan Gong
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Xinjiekouwaidajie 19 Beijing 100875 China
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38
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Tan ML, Tong S, Hou SK, You J, Wang MX. Copper-Catalyzed N,N-Diarylation of Amides for the Construction of 9,10-Dihydroacridine Structure and Applications in the Synthesis of Diverse Nitrogen-Embedded Polyacenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:5417-5422. [PMID: 32588635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We reported herein CuI/DMEDA catalyzed N,N-diarylation reaction of amides with various di(o-bromoaryl)methanes to produce diverse 9,10-dihydroacridine derivatives. The resulting 9,10-dihydroacridine derivatives were oxidized selectively under mild conditions to afford acridine, acridinone, and acridinium derivatives. The copper-catalyzed N,N-diarylation reaction coupled with oxidative aromatization reaction enabled the facile construction of nitrogen atom-embedded tetracenes and pentacenes of different ortho-fused patterns. The luminescence properties, especially the effect of fusion pattern on fluorescence emission of acquired N-polycenes, were also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shuo Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sheng-Kai Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jingsong You
- MOE Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Mei-Xiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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39
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Skonieczny K, Papadopoulos I, Thiel D, Gutkowski K, Haines P, McCosker PM, Laurent AD, Keller PA, Clark T, Jacquemin D, Guldi DM, Gryko DT. How To Make Nitroaromatic Compounds Glow: Next-Generation Large X-Shaped, Centrosymmetric Diketopyrrolopyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16104-16113. [PMID: 32492240 PMCID: PMC7689858 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Red‐emissive π‐expanded diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) with fluorescence reaching λ=750 nm can be easily synthesized by a three‐step strategy involving the preparation of diketopyrrolopyrrole followed by N‐arylation and subsequent intramolecular palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation. Comprehensive spectroscopic assays combined with first‐principles calculations corroborated that both N‐arylated and fused DPPs reach a locally excited (S1) state after excitation, followed by internal conversion to states with solvent and structural relaxation, before eventually undergoing intersystem crossing. Only the structurally relaxed state is fluorescent, with lifetimes in the range of several nanoseconds and tens of picoseconds in nonpolar and polar solvents, respectively. The lifetimes correlate with the fluorescence quantum yields, which range from 6 % to 88 % in nonpolar solvents and from 0.4 % and 3.2 % in polar solvents. A very inefficient (T1) population is responsible for fluorescence quantum yields as high as 88 % for the fully fused DPP in polar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skonieczny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Thiel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Gutkowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick M McCosker
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.,School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Adèle D Laurent
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR, 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Paul A Keller
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR, 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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40
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Skonieczny K, Papadopoulos I, Thiel D, Gutkowski K, Haines P, McCosker PM, Laurent AD, Keller PA, Clark T, Jacquemin D, Guldi DM, Gryko DT. How To Make Nitroaromatic Compounds Glow: Next‐Generation Large X‐Shaped, Centrosymmetric Diketopyrrolopyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skonieczny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dominik Thiel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | | | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Patrick M. McCosker
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nägelsbachstrasse 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | | | - Paul A. Keller
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nägelsbachstrasse 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | | | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS. 44/52 Kasprzaka 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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Pan C, Wang L, Han J. Palladium-Catalyzed Site-Selective Benzocylization of Aromatic Acids with o-Fluoro-Substituted Diaryliodonium Salts toward 3,4-Benzocoumarins. Org Lett 2020; 22:4776-4780. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Pan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianwei Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai−Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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