1
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Chen J, Hu J, Kapral R. Chemical Logic Gates on Active Colloids. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305695. [PMID: 38450886 PMCID: PMC11095161 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that active colloidal motors using enzymatic reactions for propulsion hold special promise for applications in fields ranging from biology to material science. It will be desirable to have active colloids with capability of computation so that they can act autonomously to sense their surroundings and alter their own dynamics. It is shown how small chemical networks that make use of enzymatic chemical reactions on the colloid surface can be used to construct motor-based chemical logic gates. The basic features of coupled enzymatic reactions that are responsible for propulsion and underlie the construction and function of chemical gates are described using continuum theory and molecular simulation. Examples are given that show how colloids with specific chemical logic gates, can perform simple sensing tasks. Due to the diverse functions of different enzyme gates, operating alone or in circuits, the work presented here supports the suggestion that synthetic motors using such gates could be designed to operate in an autonomous way in order to complete complicated tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang‐Xing Chen
- Department of PhysicsHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou311121China
| | - Jia‐Qi Hu
- Department of PhysicsHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou311121China
| | - Raymond Kapral
- Chemical Physics Theory GroupDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
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2
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Khatri N, Kapral R. Clustering of chemically propelled nanomotors in chemically active environments. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2024; 34:033103. [PMID: 38427933 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic nanomotors powered by chemical reactions have been designed to act as vehicles for active cargo transport, drug delivery, and a variety of other uses. Collections of such motors, acting in consort, can self-assemble to form swarms or clusters, providing opportunities for applications on various length scales. While such collective behavior has been studied when the motors move in a chemically inactive fluid environment, when the medium in which they move is a chemical network that supports complex spatial and temporal patterns, through simulation and theoretical analysis we show that collective behavior changes. Spatial patterns in the environment can guide and control motor collective states, and interactions of the motors with their environment can give rise to distinctive spatiotemporal motor patterns. The results are illustrated by studies of the motor dynamics in systems that support Turing patterns and spiral waves. This work is relevant for potential applications that involve many active nanomotors moving in complex chemical or biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narender Khatri
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Raymond Kapral
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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3
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Zhou H, Zhang S, Liu Z, Chi B, Li J, Wang Y. Untethered Microgrippers for Precision Medicine. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305805. [PMID: 37941516 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Microgrippers, a branch of micro/nanorobots, refer to motile miniaturized machines that are of a size in the range of several to hundreds of micrometers. Compared with tethered grippers or other microscopic diagnostic and surgical equipment, untethered microgrippers play an indispensable role in biomedical applications because of their characteristics such as miniaturized size, dexterous shape tranformation, and controllable motion, which enables the microgrippers to enter hard-to-reach regions to execute specific medical tasks for disease diagnosis and treatment. To date, numerous medical microgrippers are developed, and their potential in cell manipulation, targeted drug delivery, biopsy, and minimally invasive surgery are explored. To achieve controlled locomotion and efficient target-oriented actions, the materials, size, microarchitecture, and morphology of microgrippers shall be deliberately designed. In this review, the authors summarizes the latest progress in untethered micrometer-scale grippers. The working mechanisms of shape-morphing and actuation methods for effective movement are first introduced. Then, the design principle and state-of-the-art fabrication techniques of microgrippers are discussed. Finally, their applications in the precise medicine are highlighted, followed by offering future perspectives for the development of untethered medical microgrippers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaijuan Zhou
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shengchang Zhang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zijian Liu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bowen Chi
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
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4
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Wang Y, Qin B, Gao S, Wang X, Zhang H, Wu Z. Recent advancements in Mg-based micromotors for biomedical and environmental applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:11483-11495. [PMID: 38054245 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02339g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic micro/nanomotors have attracted considerable attention due to their promising potential in the field of biomedicine. Despite their great potential, major micromotors require chemical fuels or complex devices to generate external physical fields for propulsion. Therefore, for future practical medical and environmental applications, Mg-based micromotors that exhibit water-powered movement and thus eliminate the need for toxic fuels, and that display optimal biocompatibility and biodegradability, are attracting attention. In this review, we summarized the recent microarchitectural design of Mg-based micromotors for biomedical applications. We also highlight the mechanism for realizing their water-powered motility. Furthermore, recent biomedical and environmental applications of Mg-based micromotors are introduced. We envision that advanced Mg-based micromotors will have a profound impact in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Boyu Qin
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Sihan Gao
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Xuanchun Wang
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Hongyue Zhang
- Laboratory for Space Environment and Physical Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Zhiguang Wu
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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5
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Chen H, Zhou T, Li S, Feng J, Li W, Li L, Zhou X, Wang M, Li F, Zhao X, Ren L. Living Magnetotactic Microrobots Based on Bacteria with a Surface-Displayed CRISPR/Cas12a System for Penaeus Viruses Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:47930-47938. [PMID: 37811735 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial microrobots are an emerging living material in the field of diagnostics. However, it is an important challenge to make bacterial microrobots with both controlled motility and specific functions. Herein, magnetically driven diagnostic bacterial microrobots are prepared by standardized and modular synthetic biology methods. To ensure mobility, the Mms6 protein is displayed on the surface of bacteria and is exploited for magnetic biomineralization. This gives the bacterial microrobot the ability to cruise flexibly and rapidly with a magnetization intensity up to about 18.65 emu g-1. To achieve the diagnostic function, the Cas12a protein is displayed on the bacterial surface and is used for aquatic pathogen nucleic acid detection. This allows the bacterial microrobot to achieve sensitive, rapid, and accurate on-site nucleic acid detection, with detection limits of 8 copies μL-1 for decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) and 7 copies μL-1 for white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). In particular, the diagnostic results based on the bacterial microrobots remained consistent with the gold standard test results when tested on shrimp tissue. This approach is a flexible and customizable strategy for building bacterial microrobots, providing a reliable and versatile solution for the design of bacterial microrobots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Chen
- Department of Biomaterials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Biomaterials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Li
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Junya Feng
- Department of Biomaterials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Li
- Department of Biomaterials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Lihuang Li
- Department of Biomaterials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of Biomaterials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Biomaterials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xueqin Zhao
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Biomaterials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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6
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Kong X, Gao P, Wang J, Fang Y, Hwang KC. Advances of medical nanorobots for future cancer treatments. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:74. [PMID: 37452423 PMCID: PMC10347767 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection and diagnosis of many cancers is very challenging. Late stage detection of a cancer always leads to high mortality rates. It is imperative to develop novel and more sensitive and effective diagnosis and therapeutic methods for cancer treatments. The development of new cancer treatments has become a crucial aspect of medical advancements. Nanobots, as one of the most promising applications of nanomedicines, are at the forefront of multidisciplinary research. With the progress of nanotechnology, nanobots enable the assembly and deployment of functional molecular/nanosized machines and are increasingly being utilized in cancer diagnosis and therapeutic treatment. In recent years, various practical applications of nanobots for cancer treatments have transitioned from theory to practice, from in vitro experiments to in vivo applications. In this paper, we review and analyze the recent advancements of nanobots in cancer treatments, with a particular emphasis on their key fundamental features and their applications in drug delivery, tumor sensing and diagnosis, targeted therapy, minimally invasive surgery, and other comprehensive treatments. At the same time, we discuss the challenges and the potential research opportunities for nanobots in revolutionizing cancer treatments. In the future, medical nanobots are expected to become more sophisticated and capable of performing multiple medical functions and tasks, ultimately becoming true nanosubmarines in the bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Kong
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Kuo Chu Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan ROC.
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7
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Zhang L, Zhang B, Liang R, Ran H, Zhu D, Ren J, Liu L, Ma A, Cai L. A Dual-Biomineralized Yeast Micro-/Nanorobot with Self-Driving Penetration for Gastritis Therapy and Motility Recovery. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6410-6422. [PMID: 36988613 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Micro-/nanorobots have attracted great interest in the field of drug delivery and treatment, while preparations for biocompatible robots are extremely challenging. Here, a self-driving yeast micro-/nanorobot (Cur@CaY-robot) is designed via dual biomineralization and acid catalysis of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Inner nano-CaCO3 inside yeast cells (CaY) is biomineralized through cell respiration and provides nanoscaffolds for highly encapsulating curcumin (Cur). Meanwhile, the CaCO3 crystals outside yeast cells (outer-CaCO3) through uniaxial growth offer an asymmetric power source for self-propelled motility. The Cur@CaY-robot displays an efficient motion in gastric acid, with the potential for deep penetration to the thick gastric mucus, which significantly improves the accumulation of drug agents in the stomach wall tissue for robust gastritis therapy. More importantly, Ca2+ cations released from the Cur@CaY-robot also synergistically repair the gastric motility of gastritis mice. Such yeast micro-/nanorobots exhibit desirable biocompatibility and biodegradability with a good loading capacity for drugs. This work provides an idea for the design of micro-/nanorobots through an environmentally friendly biosynthesis strategy for active drug delivery and precise therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Key Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Baozhen Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijing Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Ran
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Key Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Denghui Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ren
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiqing Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Key Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Lintao Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhuhai 519000, People's Republic of China
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8
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Ji F, Wu Y, Pumera M, Zhang L. Collective Behaviors of Active Matter Learning from Natural Taxes Across Scales. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203959. [PMID: 35986637 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Taxis orientation is common in microorganisms, and it provides feasible strategies to operate active colloids as small-scale robots. Collective taxes involve numerous units that collectively perform taxis motion, whereby the collective cooperation between individuals enables the group to perform efficiently, adaptively, and robustly. Hence, analyzing and designing collectives is crucial for developing and advancing microswarm toward practical or clinical applications. In this review, natural taxis behaviors are categorized and synthetic microrobotic collectives are discussed as bio-inspired realizations, aiming at closing the gap between taxis strategies of living creatures and those of functional active microswarms. As collective behaviors emerge within a group, the global taxis to external stimuli guides the group to conduct overall tasks, whereas the local taxis between individuals induces synchronization and global patterns. By encoding the local orientations and programming the global stimuli, various paradigms can be introduced for coordinating and controlling such collective microrobots, from the viewpoints of fundamental science and practical applications. Therefore, by discussing the key points and difficulties associated with collective taxes of different paradigms, this review potentially offers insights into mimicking natural collective behaviors and constructing intelligent microrobotic systems for on-demand control and preassigned tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengtong Ji
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yilin Wu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Martin Pumera
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava, 70800, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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9
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Das SS, Erez S, Karshalev E, Wu Y, Wang J, Yossifon G. Switching from Chemical to Electrical Micromotor Propulsion across a Gradient of Gastric Fluid via Magnetic Rolling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:30290-30298. [PMID: 35748802 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To address and extend the finite lifetime of Mg-based micromotors due to the depletion of the engine (Mg-core), we examine electric fields, along with previously studied magnetic fields, to create a triple-engine hybrid micromotor for driving these micromotors. Electric fields are a facile energy source that is not limited in its operation time and can dynamically tune the micromotor mobility by simply changing the frequency and amplitude of the field. Moreover, the same electrical fields can be used for cell trapping and transport as well as drug delivery. However, the limitations of these propulsion mechanisms are the low pH (and high conductivity) environment required for Mg dissolution, while the electrical propulsion is quenched at these conditions as it requires low conductivity mediums. In order to translate the micromotor between these two extreme medium conditions, we use magnetic rolling as means of self-propulsion along with magnetic steering. Interestingly, electrical propulsion also necessitates at least the partial consumption of the Mg, resulting in a sufficient geometrical asymmetry of the micromotor. We have successfully demonstrated the rapid propulsion switching capability of the micromotor, from chemical to electrical motions, via magnetic rolling within a microfluidic device with the concentration gradient of the simulated gastric fluid. Such triple-engine micromotor propulsion holds considerable promise for in vitro studies mimicking gastric conditions and performing various bioassay tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankha Shuvra Das
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Micro- and Nanofluidics Laboratory, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City 3200000, Israel
| | - Shahar Erez
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Micro- and Nanofluidics Laboratory, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City 3200000, Israel
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Emil Karshalev
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yue Wu
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Micro- and Nanofluidics Laboratory, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City 3200000, Israel
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Gilad Yossifon
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Micro- and Nanofluidics Laboratory, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City 3200000, Israel
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 6997801, Israel
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10
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Arqué X, Torres MDT, Patiño T, Boaro A, Sánchez S, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Autonomous Treatment of Bacterial Infections in Vivo Using Antimicrobial Micro- and Nanomotors. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7547-7558. [PMID: 35486889 PMCID: PMC9134509 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The increasing resistance of bacteria to existing antibiotics constitutes a major public health threat globally. Most current antibiotic treatments are hindered by poor delivery to the infection site, leading to undesired off-target effects and drug resistance development and spread. Here, we describe micro- and nanomotors that effectively and autonomously deliver antibiotic payloads to the target area. The active motion and antimicrobial activity of the silica-based robots are driven by catalysis of the enzyme urease and antimicrobial peptides, respectively. These antimicrobial motors show micromolar bactericidal activity in vitro against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacterial strains and act by rapidly depolarizing their membrane. Finally, they demonstrated autonomous anti-infective efficacy in vivo in a clinically relevant abscess infection mouse model. In summary, our motors combine navigation, catalytic conversion, and bactericidal capacity to deliver antimicrobial payloads to specific infection sites. This technology represents a much-needed tool to direct therapeutics to their target to help combat drug-resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Arqué
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Marcelo D. T. Torres
- Machine
Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute
for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and
Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments
of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School
of Engineering and Applied Science, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn
Institute for Computational Science, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Tania Patiño
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Chemistry
Department, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Andreia Boaro
- Machine
Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute
for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and
Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments
of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School
of Engineering and Applied Science, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn
Institute for Computational Science, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Samuel Sánchez
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine
Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute
for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and
Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments
of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School
of Engineering and Applied Science, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn
Institute for Computational Science, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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11
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Yan M, Liang K, Zhao D, Kong B. Core-Shell Structured Micro-Nanomotors: Construction, Shell Functionalization, Applications, and Perspectives. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2102887. [PMID: 34611979 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The successful integration of well-designed micro-nanomotors (MNMs) with diverse functional systems, such as, living systems, remote actuation systems, intelligent sensors, and sensing systems, offers many opportunities to not only endow them with diverse functionalization interfaces but also bring augmented or new properties in a wide variety of applications. Core-shell structured MNM systems have been considered to play an important role in a wide range of applications as they provide a platform to integrate multiple complementary components via decoration, encapsulation, or functionalization into a single functional system, being able to protect the active species from harsh environments, and bring improved propulsion performance, stability, non-toxicity, multi-functionality, and dispersibility, etc., which are not easily available from the isolated components. More importantly, the hetero-interfaces between individual components within a core-shell structure might give rise to boosted or new physiochemical properties. This review will bring together these key aspects of the core-shell structured MNMs, ranging from advanced protocols, enhanced/novel functionalities arising from diverse functional shells, to integrated core-shell structured MNMs for diverse applications. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives for the development of core-shell structured MNMs are discussed in term of synthesis, functions, propulsions, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Kang Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Dongyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Biao Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
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12
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Erez S, Karshalev E, Wu Y, Wang J, Yossifon G. Electrical Propulsion and Cargo Transport of Microbowl Shaped Janus Particles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2101809. [PMID: 34761509 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein the effective electrical propulsion, cargo trapping, and transport capabilities of microbowl-shaped Janus particles (JPs) are demonstrated and evaluated. These active JPs are made by deposition of Au and Ti layers onto sacrificial spherical polystyrene particles, followed by oxidation of the Ti to TiO2 . In contrast to the commonly studied spherical JP, the dual broken symmetry of both geometrical and electrical properties of the microbowl renders a strong dependence of its mobility and cargo loading on the order of the layering of Au and TiO2 . Specifically, an opposite direction of motion is obtained for interchanged layers of Au and TiO2 , using only electrical propulsion as the sole mechanism of motion. The concave side of the microbowl exhibits a negative dielectrophoretic trap of large size wherein trapped cargo is protected from hydrodynamic shearing, leading to an enhanced cargo loading capacity compared to that obtained using common spherical JP. Such enhanced cargo capability of the microbowl along with the ease of engineering it by interchanging the order of the layers are very attractive for future in vitro biological and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Erez
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Micro and Nanofluidics Laboratory, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 3200000, Israel
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Emil Karshalev
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Micro and Nanofluidics Laboratory, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 3200000, Israel
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gilad Yossifon
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Micro and Nanofluidics Laboratory, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 3200000, Israel
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13
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Li W, Thian ES, Wang M, Wang Z, Ren L. Surface Design for Antibacterial Materials: From Fundamentals to Advanced Strategies. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100368. [PMID: 34351704 PMCID: PMC8498904 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare-acquired infections as well as increasing antimicrobial resistance have become an urgent global challenge, thus smart alternative solutions are needed to tackle bacterial infections. Antibacterial materials in biomedical applications and hospital hygiene have attracted great interest, in particular, the emergence of surface design strategies offer an effective alternative to antibiotics, thereby preventing the possible development of bacterial resistance. In this review, recent progress on advanced surface modifications to prevent bacterial infections are addressed comprehensively, starting with the key factors against bacterial adhesion, followed by varying strategies that can inhibit biofilm formation effectively. Furthermore, "super antibacterial systems" through pre-treatment defense and targeted bactericidal system, are proposed with increasing evidence of clinical potential. Finally, the advantages and future challenges of surface strategies to resist healthcare-associated infections are discussed, with promising prospects of developing novel antimicrobial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Li
- Department of BiomaterialsState Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfaceCollege of MaterialsXiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
| | - Eng San Thian
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117576Singapore
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of BiomaterialsState Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfaceCollege of MaterialsXiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
| | - Zuyong Wang
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha410082P. R. China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of BiomaterialsState Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfaceCollege of MaterialsXiamen UniversityXiamen361005P. R. China
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14
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Neumann C, Bacher L, Musyanovych A, Tutus M, Latnikova A. Formulation of Next-Generation Multicompartment Microcapsules by Reversible Electrostatic Attraction. Chemistry 2021; 27:9336-9341. [PMID: 33844351 PMCID: PMC8362077 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The combination of several active substances into one carrier is often limited due to solubility, stability and phase-separation issues. These issues have been addressed by an innovative capsule design, in which nanocapsules are assembled on the microcapsule surface by electrostatic forces to form a pH-responsive hierarchical capsule@capsule system. Here, melamine-formaldehyde (MF) microcapsules with a negative surface charge were synthesized and coated with a novel MF-polyethyleneimine (PEI) copolymer to achieve a positive charge of ζ=+28 mV. This novel coating procedure allows the electrostatic assembly of negatively charged poly-l-lactide (PLLA, ζ=-19 mV) and poly-(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA, ζ=-56 mV) nanocapsules on the microcapsule surface. Assembly studies at pH 7 gave a partial surface coverage of PLLA nanocapsules and full surface coverage for PLGA nanocapsules. The pH-responsive adsorption and desorption of nanocapsules was shown at pH 7 and pH 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Neumann
- Microencapsulation/PolysaccharidesFraunhofer IAPGeiselbergstr. 6914476BerlinGermany
| | - Lisa Bacher
- Nanoparticle TechnologyFraunhofer IMMCarl-Zeiss-Str.18-2055129MainzGermany
| | - Anna Musyanovych
- Nanoparticle TechnologyFraunhofer IMMCarl-Zeiss-Str.18-2055129MainzGermany
| | - Murat Tutus
- Membranes and functional filmsFraunhofer IAPGeiselbergstr. 6914476BerlinGermany
| | - Alexandra Latnikova
- Microencapsulation/PolysaccharidesFraunhofer IAPGeiselbergstr. 6914476BerlinGermany
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15
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Lin Z, Gao C, Wang D, He Q. Bubble‐Propelled Janus Gallium/Zinc Micromotors for the Active Treatment of Bacterial Infections. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Lin
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing Harbin Institute of Technology 92 West Dazhi Street Harbin 150080 China
| | - Changyong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing Harbin Institute of Technology 92 West Dazhi Street Harbin 150080 China
| | - Daolin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing Harbin Institute of Technology 92 West Dazhi Street Harbin 150080 China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing Harbin Institute of Technology 92 West Dazhi Street Harbin 150080 China
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16
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Soto F, Wang J, Deshmukh S, Demirci U. Reversible Design of Dynamic Assemblies at Small Scales. ADVANCED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 3:2000193. [PMID: 35663639 PMCID: PMC9165726 DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging bottom-up fabrication methods have enabled the assembly of synthetic colloids, microrobots, living cells, and organoids to create intricate structures with unique properties that transcend their individual components. This review provides an access point to the latest developments in externally driven assembly of synthetic and biological components. In particular, we emphasize reversibility, which enables the fabrication of multiscale systems that would not be possible under traditional techniques. Magnetic, acoustic, optical, and electric fields are the most promising methods for controlling the reversible assembly of biological and synthetic subunits since they can reprogram their assembly by switching on/off the external field or shaping these fields. We feature capabilities to dynamically actuate the assembly configuration by modulating the properties of the external stimuli, including frequency and amplitude. We describe the design principles which enable the assembly of reconfigurable structures. Finally, we foresee that the high degree of control capabilities offered by externally driven assembly will enable broad access to increasingly robust design principles towards building advanced dynamic intelligent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Soto
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94304-5427, USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304-5427, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94304-5427, USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304-5427, USA
| | - Shreya Deshmukh
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94304-5427, USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304-5427, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305-4125, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 94304-5427, USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304-5427, USA
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17
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Lin Z, Gao C, Wang D, He Q. Bubble‐Propelled Janus Gallium/Zinc Micromotors for the Active Treatment of Bacterial Infections. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8750-8754. [PMID: 33481280 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Lin
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing Harbin Institute of Technology 92 West Dazhi Street Harbin 150080 China
| | - Changyong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing Harbin Institute of Technology 92 West Dazhi Street Harbin 150080 China
| | - Daolin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing Harbin Institute of Technology 92 West Dazhi Street Harbin 150080 China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing Harbin Institute of Technology 92 West Dazhi Street Harbin 150080 China
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18
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Yuan K, Jurado-Sánchez B, Escarpa A. Dual-Propelled Lanbiotic Based Janus Micromotors for Selective Inactivation of Bacterial Biofilms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4915-4924. [PMID: 33216439 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide/PtNPs/Fe2 O3 "dual-propelled" catalytic and fuel-free rotary actuated magnetic Janus micromotors modified with the lanbiotic Nisin are used for highly selective capture/inactivation of gram-positive bacteria units and biofilms. Specific interaction of Nisin with the Lipid II unit of Staphylococcus Aureus bacteria in connection with the enhanced micromotor movement and generated fluid flow result in a 2-fold increase of the capture/killing ability (both in bubble and magnetic propulsion modes) as compared with free peptide and static counterparts. The high stability of Nisin along with the high towing force of the micromotors allow for efficient operation in untreated raw media (tap water, juice and serum) and even in blood and in flowing blood in magnetic mode. The high selectivity of the approach is illustrated by the dramatically lower interaction with gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia Coli). The double-propulsion (catalytic or fuel-free magnetic) mode of the micromotors and the high biocompatibility holds considerable promise to design micromotors with tailored lanbiotics that can response to the changes that make the bacteria resistant in a myriad of clinical, environmental remediation or food safety applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisong Yuan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, 28871, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Beatriz Jurado-Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, 28871, Madrid, Spain.,Chemical Research Institute "Andres M. del Rio", University of Alcala, 28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, 28871, Madrid, Spain.,Chemical Research Institute "Andres M. del Rio", University of Alcala, 28871, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Soto F, Karshalev E, Zhang F, Esteban Fernandez de Avila B, Nourhani A, Wang J. Smart Materials for Microrobots. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5365-5403. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Soto
- Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Emil Karshalev
- Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Fangyu Zhang
- Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Berta Esteban Fernandez de Avila
- Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Amir Nourhani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mathematics, Biology, Biomimicry Research and Innovation Center, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, Chemical Engineering Program and Contextual Robotics Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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20
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Yuan K, Jurado‐Sánchez B, Escarpa A. Dual‐Propelled Lanbiotic Based Janus Micromotors for Selective Inactivation of Bacterial Biofilms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaisong Yuan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Physical Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering University of Alcala Alcala de Henares 28871 Madrid Spain
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Beatriz Jurado‐Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Physical Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering University of Alcala Alcala de Henares 28871 Madrid Spain
- Chemical Research Institute “Andres M. del Rio” University of Alcala 28871 Madrid Spain
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Physical Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering University of Alcala Alcala de Henares 28871 Madrid Spain
- Chemical Research Institute “Andres M. del Rio” University of Alcala 28871 Madrid Spain
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21
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Soto F, Wang J, Ahmed R, Demirci U. Medical Micro/Nanorobots in Precision Medicine. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2002203. [PMID: 33173743 PMCID: PMC7610261 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Advances in medical robots promise to improve modern medicine and the quality of life. Miniaturization of these robotic platforms has led to numerous applications that leverages precision medicine. In this review, the current trends of medical micro and nanorobotics for therapy, surgery, diagnosis, and medical imaging are discussed. The use of micro and nanorobots in precision medicine still faces technical, regulatory, and market challenges for their widespread use in clinical settings. Nevertheless, recent translations from proof of concept to in vivo studies demonstrate their potential toward precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Soto
- Bio‐Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) LaboratoryCanary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologySchool of Medicine Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304‐5427USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologySchool of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304‐5427USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Bio‐Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) LaboratoryCanary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologySchool of Medicine Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304‐5427USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologySchool of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304‐5427USA
| | - Rajib Ahmed
- Bio‐Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) LaboratoryCanary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologySchool of Medicine Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304‐5427USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologySchool of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304‐5427USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio‐Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) LaboratoryCanary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologySchool of Medicine Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304‐5427USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early DetectionDepartment of RadiologySchool of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94304‐5427USA
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22
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Cui T, Wu S, Sun Y, Ren J, Qu X. Self-Propelled Active Photothermal Nanoswimmer for Deep-Layered Elimination of Biofilm In Vivo. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7350-7358. [PMID: 32856923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing penetration of antibacterial agents into biofilm is a promising strategy for improvement of therapeutic effect and slowdown of the progression of antibiotic resistance. Herein, we design a near-infrared (NIR) light-driven nanoswimmer (HSMV). Under NIR light irradiation, HSMV performs efficient self-propulsion and penetrates into the biofilm within 5 min due to photothermal conversion of asymmetrically distributed AuNPs. The localized thermal (∼45 °C) and thermal-triggered release of vancomycin (Van) leads to an efficient combination of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy in one system. The active motion of HSMV increases the effective distance of photothermal therapy (PTT) and also improves the therapeutic index of the antibiotic, resulting in superior biofilm removal rate (>90%) in vitro. Notably, HSMV can eliminate S. aureus biofilms grown in vivo under 10 min of laser irradiation without damage to healthy tissues. This work may shed light on therapeutic strategies for in vivo treatment of biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cui
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Si Wu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yuhuan Sun
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Abstract
Suspensions of chemically powered self-propelled colloidal particles are examples of active matter systems with interesting properties. While simple spherical Janus particles are often studied, it is known that geometry is important and recent experiments have shown that chemically active torus-shaped colloids behave differently from spherical colloids. In this paper, coarse-grained microscopic simulations of the dynamics of self-diffusiophoretic torus colloids are carried out in bulk solution in order to study how torus geometric factors influence their active motion. The concentration and velocity fields are key ingredients in self-diffusiophoretic propulsion, and the forms that these fields take in the colloid vicinity are shown to be strong functions of torus geometric parameters such as the torus hole size and thickness of the torus tube. This work utilizes a method where self-diffusiophoretic torus colloids with various geometric and dynamical characteristics can be built and studied in fluid media that include chemical reactions and fluid flows. The model can be used to investigate the collective properties of these colloids and their dynamics in confined systems, topics that are of general importance for applications that use colloidal motors with complex geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Wang
- School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150022, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu-Jie Huang
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Raymond Kapral
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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