1
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Yu M, Gu X, Ho CY. (NHC)Ni(II)-catalyzed regioselective hydroalkenylation of norbornene derivatives: fine-tuning of NHC ligands and donor alkenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39225060 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03258f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This study introduced a novel cross-hydroalkenylation approach for addressing a resilient challenge in C5-exo-selective norbornene derivative functionalization. The process, guided by mutual interactions among the NHC-Ni catalyst and the substrate pairs, ensured highly chemo- and regio-selective insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiao Gu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chun-Yu Ho
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
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2
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Yin D, Lu L, Jiang Y, Dou Y, Fu MC, Zhu Y, Fan S. 1,2-Amidoarylcarbonylation of Styrenes to Access β-Acylamino Ketones by NHC-Catalyzed Radical Relay. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39197017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
An amidoarylcarbonylation reaction of aromatic aldehydes and olefins with Katritzky pyridinium salts by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed radical relay to construct C-C and C-N bonds with good functional group tolerance is developed for the synthesis of β-acylamino ketones. This gentle and efficient approach offers a valuable style for the synthesis of β-acylamino ketones. Mechanistic studies revealed that a radical addition/coupling/elimination cascade process was involved in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyu Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Lishuai Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yandong Dou
- Anhui Heryi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Ming-Chen Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yanwu Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Shilu Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei 230009, China
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3
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Zhou J, Meng L, Yang Z, Wang JJ. Enantio- and Regioselective Cascade Hydroboration of Methylenecyclopropanes for Facile Access to Chiral 1,3- and 1,4-Bis(boronates). ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400096. [PMID: 38477439 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Chiral 1, n-bis(boronate) plays a crucial role in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. However, their catalytic and asymmetric synthesis has long posed a challenge in terms of operability and accessibility from readily available substrates. The recent discovery of the C═C bond formation through β-C elimination of methylenecyclopropanes (MCP) has provided an exciting opportunity to enhance molecular complexity. In this study, the catalyzed asymmetric cascade hydroboration of MCP is developed. By employing different ligands, various homoallylic boronate intermediate are obtained through the hydroboration ring opening process. Subsequently, the cascade hydroboration with HBpin or B2pin2 resulted in the synthesis of enantioenriched chiral 1,3- and 1,4-bis(boronates) in high yields, accompanied by excellent chemo- and enantioselectivities. The selective transformation of these two distinct C─B bonds also demonstrated their application potential in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ling Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Joelle Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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4
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Zhou J, Meng L, Lin S, Cai B, Wang J. Palladium-catalyzed Enantio- and Regioselective Ring-Opening Hydrophosphinylation of Methylenecyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202303727. [PMID: 37186017 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed hydrofunctionalization of methylenecyclopropanes (MCP) has presented a considerable challenge due to the difficult manipulation of regioselectivity and complicated reaction patterns. Herein, we report a straightforward Pd-catalyzed ring-opening hydrophosphinylation reaction of MCP via highly selective C-C bond cleavage. This allows for rapid and efficient access to a wide range of chiral allylic phosphine oxides in good yields and high enantioselectivities. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to elucidate the reaction mechanism and the origin of product enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Department of Chemistry, HONG KONG
| | - Ling Meng
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Department of Chemistry, HONG KONG
| | - Shujuan Lin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Baohua Cai
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Jun Wang
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Department of Chemistry, Ho Sin Hang Campus, 000000, Hong Kong, HONG KONG
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5
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Zhang Z, Chen Y, Gu X, Ho CY. (NHC)Ni(II)-Directed Insertions and Higher Substituted Olefin Synthesis from Simple Olefins. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:1070-1086. [PMID: 37036948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusWell-controlled olefin insertion is critical for achieving catalytic and productive bulk and fine-chemical synthesis. Developing efficient and selective methods for meeting diverse insertion demands is extremely noteworthy, as it supports numerous transformations. The challenges are related to improving catalyst performance and selectivity control and uniting previously unreactive substrate pairs to achieve higher molecular structural complexity and utility. Nickel catalysts have received persistent attention in higher substituted olefin synthesis and polymerization, and numerous new strategies have been established to fulfill the ever-changing demands. This Account focuses on the recent progress based on N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands and nickel catalysts in our laboratory in using simple terminal olefins as olefin donors or acceptors.It begins with a brief history of olefin codimerization and the major advances in hydrovinylation achieved by other research groups using ethylene as an olefin donor. It then describes problems related to the reductive elimination that can occur when both the hydrometalated alkene and NHC are on the catalyst. It emphasizes the impact of NHC catalyst generation methods on the competing reactivity. Next, it explains the principal challenges and great opportunities in using our method (with α-olefins as olefin donors and alkenyl sources) to replace intermolecular reductive hydroalkenylation reactions (which require rare and more expensive alkenyl halides and boronic acids as reactants, alongside a stoichiometric amount of metallic reagents). The Account then illustrates the potential uses of our method for solving challenging organic synthesis problems using tailor-made (NHC)Ni(II) catalysts to allow redox-neutral catalytic cycles based on high chemo- and regioselective cross-insertion controls. It shows that upon optimal steric and electronic cooperation between the NHC, olefin donor, and olefin acceptor, regiodivergent insertion and convergent synthesis can be achieved easily.In the course of our work, we uncovered several unique insights into regulating (anti-)Markovnikov hydronickelation, carbonickelation, hydrocarbonation, ring closure, 1,3-allyl shift, isomerization, and catalyst regeneration under green, neutral, and mild-temperature conditions. These insights are also outlined here, along with theoretical calculations that offer additional understandings of the insertion reactivity and selectivity differences observed between the NHC and the highly related phosphorus-based Ni(II) hydride-catalyzed cross-hydroalkenylation and cycloisomerization systems.Compared to traditional olefin and cyclic structure synthesis technology, such as olefin cross-metathesis, enyne cyclization, and cross-coupling reactions, the new catalyst systems often offer previously inaccessible product structural characteristics, substrate scope, and outcomes. In particular, the method is effective for the catalytic synthesis of unsymmetrical and functionalized 1,1-disubstituted olefins (a.k.a. gem-olefins), 1,4-dienes (a.k.a. skipped dienes), conjugated dienes, endo- and exocyclic olefins, fused and spiro rings, and aromatic products. These syntheses are variously achieved by cross-hydroalkenylation, insertion-induced rearrangement, cycloadditions, and other approaches inspired by our investigations and detailed in this Account. Cross-hydroalkenylation can be achieved with high enantioselectivity by application of carefully designed and structurally flexible C1 and C2 chiral NHC ligands, yielding a pool of chiral branched alkenes and 1,4-dienes directly from simple chemical feedstocks used in industry. This Account will draw further attention to green alkenylation and the related development of redox-neutral catalytic cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiao Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chun-Yu Ho
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
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6
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Dodd NA, Cao Y, Bacsa J, Towles EC, Gray TG, Sadighi JP. Three-Electron Nickel(I)/Nickel(0) Half-Bond. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16317-16324. [PMID: 36179078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An (N-heterocyclic carbene)nickel(I) cation precursor reacts with the corresponding nickel(0) complex to form a dinickel(I,0) monocation. The Ni···Ni distance in this cation is 0.93 Å shorter than in the analogous dinickel(0) complex. Although the solid-state structure shows equivalent Ni centers, density functional theory calculations indicate significant electronic localization. Reactions with CO and NO form mononuclear carbonyl and nitrosyl complexes. Oxidative addition of an aryl bromide results in C-arylation of the carbene ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Dodd
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Yu Cao
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - John Bacsa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States.,X-ray Crystallography Center, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Eric C Towles
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Thomas G Gray
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Joseph P Sadighi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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7
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Rahman MM, Zhao Q, Meng G, Szostak R, Szostak M. [Ni(Np#)(η5-Cp)Cl]: Flexible, Sterically Bulky, Well-Defined, Highly Reactive Complex for Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling. Organometallics 2022; 41:2597-2604. [PMID: 38031540 PMCID: PMC10686542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ni-NHCs (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) have become an increasingly important class of complexes in catalysis and organometallic chemistry owing to the beneficial features of nickel as an abundant 3d metal. However, the development of well-defined and air-stable Ni-NHC complexes for cross-coupling has been more challenging than with Pd-NHC catalysis because of less defined reactivity trends of NHC ancillary ligands coordinated to Ni. Herein, we report the synthesis and catalytic activity of well-defined [Ni(NHC)(η5-Cp)Cl] complexes bearing recently commercialized IPr# family of ligands (Sigma Aldrich) and versatile cyclopentadienyl throw-away ligand. The NHC ligands, IPr#, Np# and BIAN-IPr#, are prepared by robust and modular peralkylation of anilines. Most crucially, we identified [Ni(Np#)(η5-Cp)Cl] as a highly reactive [Ni(NHC)(η5-Cp)Cl] complex, with the reactivity outperforming the classical [Ni(IPr)(η5-Cp)Cl] (IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene). These [Ni(NHC)(η5-Cp)Cl] precatalysts were employed in the Suzuki and Kumada cross-coupling of aryl chlorides and aryl bromides. Computational studies were conducted to determine steric effect and bond order analysis. Considering the attractive features of well-defined Ni-NHCs, we anticipate that this class of bulky and flexible Ni-NHC catalysts will find broad application in organic synthesis and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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8
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Huang JQ, Yu M, Yong X, Ho CY. NHC-Ni(II)-catalyzed cyclopropene-isocyanide [5 + 1] benzannulation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4145. [PMID: 35842422 PMCID: PMC9288548 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocyanides are common compounds in fine and bulk chemical syntheses. However, the direct addition of isocyanide to simple unactivated cyclopropene via transition metal catalysis is challenging. Most of the current approaches focus on 1,1-insertion of isocyanide to M-R or nucleophilc insertion. That is often complicated by the competitive homo-oligomerization reactivity occurring at room temperature, such as isocyanide 1,1-insertion by Ni(II). Here we show a (N-heterocyclic carbene)Ni(II) catalyst that enables cyclopropene-isocyanide [5 + 1] benzannulation. As shown in the broad substrate scope and a [trans-(N-heterocyclic carbene)Ni(isocyanide)Br2] crystal structure, the desired cross-reactivity is cooperatively controlled by the high reactivity of the cyclopropene, the sterically bulky N-heterocyclic carbene, and the strong coordination ability of the isocyanide. This direct addition strategy offers aromatic amine derivatives and complements the Dötz benzannulation and Semmelhack/Wulff 1,4-hydroquinone synthesis. Several sterically bulky, fused, and multi-substituted anilines and unsymmetric functionalized spiro-ring structures are prepared from those easily accessible starting materials expediently. The direct addition of isocyanides to cyclopropenes is challenging. Here, the authors report a catalytic cyclopropene-isocyanide [5 + 1] benzannulation catalyzed by an (N-heterocyclic carbene)Ni(II) complex; this method enables the preparation of fused and multi-substituted anilines and unsymmetrically functionalized spiro-ring structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Meng Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xuefeng Yong
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chun-Yu Ho
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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9
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Zhou J, Yang Q, Lee CS, Wang J(J. Enantio‐ and Regioselective Construction of 1,4‐Diamines via Cascade Hydroamination of Methylene Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202160. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong, 518055 China
| | - Qingjing Yang
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong, 518055 China
| | - Chi Sing Lee
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Jun (Joelle) Wang
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon, Hong Kong China
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10
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Zhou J, Yang Q, Lee CS, WANG J. Enantio‐ and Regioselective Construction of 1,4‐diamines via Cascade Hydroamination of Methylene Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Hong Kong Baptist University Department of Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Qingjing Yang
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Chi Sing Lee
- Hong Kong Baptist University Department of Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Jun WANG
- Hong Kong Baptist University Department of Chemistry Ho Sin Hang Campus 000000 Hong Kong HONG KONG
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11
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Acenaphthene-Based N-Heterocyclic Carbene Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Application in Catalysis. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have become a privileged structural motif in modern homogenous and heterogeneous catalysis. The last two decades have brought a plethora of structurally and electronically diversified carbene ligands, enabling the development of cutting-edge transformations, especially in the area of carbon-carbon bond formation. Although most of these were accomplished with common imidazolylidene and imidazolinylidene ligands, the most challenging ones were only accessible with the acenaphthylene-derived N-heterocyclic carbene ligands bearing a π-extended system. Their superior σ-donor capabilities with simultaneous ease of modification of the rigid backbone enhance the catalytic activity and stability of their transition metal complexes, which makes BIAN-NHC (BIAN—bis(imino)acenaphthene) ligands an attractive tool for the development of challenging reactions. The present review summarizes synthetic efforts towards BIAN-NHC metal complexes bearing acenaphthylene subunits and their applications in modern catalysis, with special emphasis put on recently developed enantioselective processes.
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12
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Xiao X, Yu ZX. Co-Catalyzed Asymmetric Intramolecular [3+2] Cycloaddition of Yne-Alkylidenecyclopropanes and its Reaction Mechanism. Chemistry 2021; 27:7176-7182. [PMID: 33554413 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Developing new transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric cycloadditions for the synthesis of five-membered carbocycles (FMCs) is a research frontier in reaction development due to the ubiquitous presence of chiral FMCs in various functional molecules. Reported here is our discovery of a highly enantioselective intramolecular [3+2] cycloaddition of yne-alkylidenecyclopropanes (yne-ACPs) to bicyclo[3.3.0]octadiene and bicyclo[4.3.0]nonadiene molecules using a cheap Co catalyst and commercially available chiral ligand (S)-Xyl-BINAP. This reaction avoids the use of precious Pd and Rh catalysts, which are usually the choices for [3+2] reactions with ACPs. The enantiomeric excess in the present reaction can be up to 92 %. Cationic cobalt(I) species was suggested by experiments as the catalytic species. DFT calculations showed that this [3+2] reaction starts with oxidative cyclometallation of alkyne and ACP, followed by ring opening of the cyclopropyl (CP) group and reductive elimination to form the cycloadduct. This mechanism is different from previous [3+2] reactions of ACPs, which usually start from CP cleavage, not from oxidative cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular, Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular, Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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13
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Chen C, Liu FS, Szostak M. BIAN-NHC Ligands in Transition-Metal-Catalysis: A Perfect Union of Sterically Encumbered, Electronically Tunable N-Heterocyclic Carbenes? Chemistry 2021; 27:4478-4499. [PMID: 32989914 PMCID: PMC7940599 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of NHCs (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbenes) as ancillary ligands in transition-metal-catalysis ranks as one of the most important developments in synthesis and catalysis. It is now well-recognized that the strong σ-donating properties of NHCs along with the ease of scaffold modification and a steric shielding of the N-wingtip substituents around the metal center enable dramatic improvements in catalytic processes, including the discovery of reactions that are not possible using other ancillary ligands. In this context, although the classical NHCs based on imidazolylidene and imidazolinylidene ring systems are now well-established, recently tremendous progress has been made in the development and catalytic applications of BIAN-NHC (BIAN = bis(imino)acenaphthene) class of ligands. The enhanced reactivity of BIAN-NHCs is a direct result of the combination of electronic and steric properties that collectively allow for a major expansion of the scope of catalytic processes that can be accomplished using NHCs. BIAN-NHC ligands take advantage of (1) the stronger σ-donation, (2) lower lying LUMO orbitals, (3) the presence of an extended π-system, (4) the rigid backbone that pushes the N-wingtip substituents closer to the metal center by buttressing effect, thus resulting in a significantly improved control of the catalytic center and enhanced air-stability of BIAN-NHC-metal complexes at low oxidation state. Acenaphthoquinone as a precursor enables facile scaffold modification, including for the first time the high yielding synthesis of unsymmetrical NHCs with unique catalytic properties. Overall, this results in a highly attractive, easily accessible class of ligands that bring major advances and emerge as a leading practical alternative to classical NHCs in various aspects of catalysis, cross-coupling and C-H activation endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changpeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Feng-Shou Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528458, China
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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14
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Yong X, Ng EWH, Zhen Z, Lin X, Gao W, Ho C. NHC‐Ni(0) Catalyzed Diastereodivergent Hydroacylative Enyne Cyclization: Synthesis of Heterocycles bearing γ‐Enone. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Yong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang People's Republic of China 150001
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong People's Republic of China 518055
| | - Elvis Wang Hei Ng
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong People's Republic of China 518055
- Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zibo Zhen
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong People's Republic of China 518055
| | - Xiulian Lin
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong People's Republic of China 518055
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong People's Republic of China 518055
| | - Chun‐Yu Ho
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen Guangdong People's Republic of China 518055
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong People's Republic of China 518055
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong People's Republic of China 518055
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