1
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Ibáñez S, Salvà P, Dawe LN, Peris E. Guest-Shuttling in a Nanosized Metallobox. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318829. [PMID: 38179825 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
An iridium-conjoined long and narrow metallorectangle was obtained by combining a quinoxalinophenanthrophenazine-connected Janus-di-imidazolylidene ligand and pyrazine. The size and shape of this assembly together with the fused polyaromatic nature of its panels provides it with properties that are uncommon for other metallosupramolecular assemblies. For example, this nanosized 'slit-like' metallobox is able show very large binding affinities with planar organic molecules in such a way, that the cavity is asymmetrically occupied by the guest molecule. This unsymmetrical conformation leads to the existence of a large amplitude motion of these guests, which slide between the two sides of the cavity of the host, thus constituting rare examples of molecular shuttles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ibáñez
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, Castellón, E-12006, Spain
| | - Paula Salvà
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, Castellón, E-12006, Spain
| | - Louise N Dawe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2 L 3 C5, Canada
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, Castellón, E-12006, Spain
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2
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Weh M, Kroeger AA, Anhalt O, Karton A, Würthner F. Mutual induced fit transition structure stabilization of corannulene's bowl-to-bowl inversion in a perylene bisimide cyclophane. Chem Sci 2024; 15:609-617. [PMID: 38179532 PMCID: PMC10762775 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05341e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Corannulene is known to undergo a fast bowl-to-bowl inversion at r.t. via a planar transition structure (TS). Herein we present the catalysis of this process within a perylene bisimide (PBI) cyclophane composed of chirally twisted, non-planar chromophores, linked by para-xylylene spacers. Variable temperature NMR studies reveal that the bowl-to-bowl inversion is significantly accelerated within the cyclophane template despite the structural non-complementarity between the binding site of the host and the TS of the guest. The observed acceleration corresponds to a decrease in the bowl-to-bowl inversion barrier of 11.6 kJ mol-1 compared to the uncatalyzed process. Comparative binding studies for corannulene (20 π-electrons) and other planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with 14 to 24 π-electrons were applied to rationalize this barrier reduction. They revealed high binding constants that reach, in tetrachloromethane as a solvent, the picomolar range for the largest guest coronene. Computational models corroborate these experimental results and suggest that both TS stabilization and ground state destabilization contribute to the observed catalytic effect. Hereby, we find a "mutual induced fit" between host and guest in the TS complex, such that mutual geometric adaptation of the energetically favored planar TS and curved π-systems of the host results in an unprecedented non-planar TS of corannulene. Concomitant partial planarization of the PBI units optimizes noncovalent TS stabilization by π-π stacking interactions. This observation of a "mutual induced fit" in the TS of a host-guest complex was further validated experimentally by single crystal X-ray analysis of a host-guest complex with coronene as a qualitative transition state analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Weh
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Asja A Kroeger
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
- Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Flinders University Adelaide South Australia 5042 Australia
| | - Olga Anhalt
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Amir Karton
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England Armidale NSW 2351 Australia
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
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3
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Zhang YW, Lu Y, Sun LY, Dutschke PD, Gan MM, Zhang L, Hepp A, Han YF, Hahn FE. Unravelling the Roles of Solvophobic Effects and π⋅⋅⋅π Stacking Interactions in the Formation of [2]Catenanes Featuring Di-(N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Building Blocks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312323. [PMID: 37819869 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of [2]catenanes has been prepared from di-NHC building blocks by utilizing solvophobic effects and/or π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions. The dinickel naphthobiscarbene complex syn-[1] and the kinked biphenyl-bridged bipyridyl ligand L2 yield the [2]catenane [2-IL](OTf)4 by self-assembly. Solvophobic effects are pivotal for the formation of the interlocked species. Substitution of the biphenyl-linker in L2 for a pyromellitic diimide group gave ligand L3 , which yielded in combination with syn-[1] the [2]catenane [3-IL](OTf)4 . This assembly exhibits enhanced stability in diluted solution, aided by additional π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions. The π⋅⋅⋅π stacking was augmented by the introduction of a pyrene bridge between two NHC donors in ligand L4 . Di-NHC precursor H2 -L4 (PF6 )2 reacts with Ag2 O to give the [Ag2 L4 2 ]2 [2]catenane [4-IL](PF6 )4 , which shows strong π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions between the pyrene groups. This assembly was readily converted into the [Au2 L4 2 ]2 gold species [5-IL](PF6 )4 , which exhibits exceptional stability based on the strong π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions and the enhanced stability of the Au-CNHC bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Zhang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ye Lu
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, China, 200234
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Patrick D Dutschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ming-Ming Gan
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Le Zhang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - F Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
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4
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Walther A, Regeni I, Holstein JJ, Clever GH. Guest-Induced Reversible Transformation between an Azulene-Based Pd 2L 4 Lantern-Shaped Cage and a Pd 4L 8 Tetrahedron. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25365-25371. [PMID: 37960849 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Azulene, a blue structural isomer of naphthalene, is introduced as the backbone for a new family of Pd(II)-based self-assemblies. Three organic ligands, equipped with varying donor groups, produce three [Pd2L4] cages of different cavity dimensions. Unexpectedly, the addition of organic disulfonate guests to the smallest lantern-shaped cage (featuring pyridine donors) led to a rapid and quantitative transformation to a distorted-tetrahedral [Pd4L8] species. On the contrary, [Pd2L4] cages formed from ligands with isoquinoline donors either just encapsulated the guests or showed no interaction. The tetrahedral species could be fully reverted back to its original [Pd2L4] topology by capturing the guest by another, stronger binding [Pd2L'4] coordination cage, narcissistically self-sorting from the first cage. The azulenes, serving as colored hydrocarbon backbones of minimal atom count, allow one to follow cage assembly and guest-induced transformation by the naked eye. Furthermore, we propose that their peculiar electronic structure influences the system's assembly behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Walther
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto Hahn Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Irene Regeni
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto Hahn Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Julian J Holstein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto Hahn Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Guido H Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto Hahn Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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5
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Sripaturad P, Karton A, Stevens K, Thamwattana N, Baowan D, Cox BJ. Catalytic effect of graphene on the inversion of corannulene using a continuum approach with the Lennard-Jones potential. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:4571-4578. [PMID: 37638156 PMCID: PMC10448309 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00349c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic effect of graphene on the corannulene bowl-to-bowl inversion is confirmed in this paper using a pair-wise dispersion interaction model. In particular, a continuum approach together with the Lennard-Jones potential are adopted to determine the interaction energy between corannulene and graphene. These results are consistent with previous quantum chemical studies, which showed that a graphene sheet reduces the barrier height for the bowl-to-bowl inversion in corannulene. However, the results presented here demonstrate, for the first time, that the catalytic activity of graphene can be reproduced using pair-wise dispersion interactions alone. This demonstrates the major role that pair-wise dispersion interactions play in the catalytic activity of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panyada Sripaturad
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University Rama VI Rd Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Amir Karton
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England Armidale NSW 2351 Australia
| | - Kyle Stevens
- School of Information and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Ngamta Thamwattana
- School of Information and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Duangkamon Baowan
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University Rama VI Rd Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Barry J Cox
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
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6
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Lu Y, Dutschke PD, Kinas J, Hepp A, Jin GX, Hahn FE. Organometallic Borromean Rings and [2]Catenanes Featuring Di-NHC Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217681. [PMID: 36629746 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We report herein a series of organometallic Borromean rings (BRs) and [2]catenanes prepared from benzobiscarbene ligands. The reaction of dinickel complexes of the benzobiscarbenes 1 a-1 c with a thiazolothiazole bridged bipyridyl ligand L2 led by self-assembly to a series of organometallic BRs. Solvophobic effects played a crucial role in the formation and stability of the interlocked species. The stability of BRs is related to the N-alkyl substituents at the precursors 1 a-1 c, where longer alkyl substitutes improve stability and inter-ring interactions. Solvophobic effects are also important for the stability of [2]catenanes prepared from 1 a-1 c and a flexible bipyridyl ligand L3 . In solution, an equilibrium between the [2]catenanes and their macrocyclic building blocks was observed. High proportions of [2]catenanes were obtained in concentrated solutions or polar solvents. The proportion of [2]catenanes in solution could be further enhanced by lengthening of the N-alkyl substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lu
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Patrick D Dutschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jenny Kinas
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - F Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
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7
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Ibáñez S, Peris E. "Lock and Key" and "Induced-Fit" Host-Guest Models in Two Digold(I)-Based Metallotweezers. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1820-1826. [PMID: 35360901 PMCID: PMC9974064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two different metallotweezers, each with two pyrene-imidazolylidene-gold(I) arms, were used as hosts for a series of planar aromatic guests. The metallotweezer with a dibenzoacridinebis(alkynyl) spacer (1) orients the two pyrene-imidazolylidene-gold(I) arms in a parallel disposition, with an interpanel distance of about 7 Å. The second metallotweezer (2) contains a carbazolylbis(alkynyl) spacer that directs the two pyrene panels in a diverging orientation. Determination of the association constants via 1H NMR titrations demonstrates that the binding strength shown by 1 is significantly larger than that found by 2, with binding affinities as large as 104 M-1 (in CDCl3), for the encapsulation of N,N'-dimethylnaphthalenetetracarboxydiimide with 1. The differences in the binding affinities are due to binding models associated with formation of the related host-guest complexes. While 1 operates via a "lock and key" model, in which the host does not suffer distortions upon formation of the inclusion complex, 2 operates via a guest-induced fit model. The large association constants shown by 1 with two planar guests were used for promotion of the template-directed synthesis of 1, which in the absence of an external template is produced in an equimolecular mixture with its self-aggregated congener, clippane [12]. This observation strongly suggests that the mechanically interlocked clippane is formed through a self-template-directed mechanism, while bonds are broken/formed during the synthetic protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ibáñez
- Institute
of Advanced Materials, Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, Castellón E-12071, Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute
of Advanced Materials, Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, Castellón E-12071, Spain
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8
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Weh M, Shoyama K, Würthner F. Preferential molecular recognition of heterochiral guests within a cyclophane receptor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:243. [PMID: 36646685 PMCID: PMC9842753 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35851-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The discrimination of enantiomers by natural receptors is a well-established phenomenon. In contrast the number of synthetic receptors with the capability for enantioselective molecular recognition of chiral substrates is scarce and for chiral cyclophanes indicative for a preferential binding of homochiral guests. Here we introduce a cyclophane composed of two homochiral core-twisted perylene bisimide (PBI) units connected by p-xylylene spacers and demonstrate its preference for the complexation of [5]helicene of opposite helicity compared to the PBI units of the host. The pronounced enantio-differentiation of this molecular receptor for heterochiral guests can be utilized for the enrichment of the P-PBI-M-helicene-P-PBI epimeric bimolecular complex. Our experimental results are supported by DFT calculations, which reveal that the sterically demanding bay substituents attached to the PBI chromophores disturb the helical shape match of the perylene core and homochiral substrates and thereby enforce the formation of syndiotactic host-guest complex structures. Hence, the most efficient substrate binding is observed for those aromatic guests, e. g. perylene, [4]helicene, phenanthrene and biphenyl, that can easily adapt in non-planar axially chiral conformations due to their inherent conformational flexibility. In all cases the induced chirality for the guest is opposed to those of the embedding PBI units, leading to heterochiral host-guest structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Weh
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry & Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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9
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Jozeliu̅naitė A, Neniškis A, Bertran A, Bowen AM, Di Valentin M, Raišys S, Baronas P, Kazlauskas K, Vilčiauskas L, Orentas E. Fullerene Complexation in a Hydrogen-Bonded Porphyrin Receptor via Induced-Fit: Cooperative Action of Tautomerization and C-H···π Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 145:455-464. [PMID: 36546690 PMCID: PMC9837862 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A supramolecular chiral hydrogen-bonded tetrameric aggregate possessing a large cavity and tetraarylporphyrin substituents was assembled using alternating 4H- and 2H-bonds between ureidopyrimidinone and isocytosine units, respectively. The aggregation mode was rationally shifted from social to narcissistic self-sorting by changing urea substituent size only. The H-bonded tetramer forms a strong complex with C60 guest, at the same time undergoing remarkable structural changes. Namely, the cavity adjusts to the guest via keto-to-enol tautomerization of the ureidopyrimidinone unit and as a result, porphyrin substituents move apart from each other in a scissor blade-like opening fashion. The rearrangement is accompanied by C-H···π interaction between the alkyl solubilizing groups and the nearby placed porphyrin π-systems. The latter interaction was found to be crucial for the guest complexation event, providing energetic compensation for otherwise costly tautomerization. We showed that only the systems possessing sufficiently long alkyl chains capable of interacting with a porphyrin ring are able to form a complex with C60. The structural rearrangement of the tetramer was quantitatively characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance pulsed dipolar spectroscopy measurements using photogenerated triplets of porphyrin and C60 as spin probes. Further exploring the C-H···π interaction as a decisive element for the C60 recognition, we investigated the guest-induced self-sorting phenomenon using scrambled tetramer assemblies composed of two types of monomers possessing alkyl chains of different lengths. The presence of the fullerene guest has enabled the selective scavenging of monomers capable of C-H···π interaction to form homo-tetrameric aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Algirdas Neniškis
- Institute
of Chemistry, Vilnius University, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arnau Bertran
- Centre
for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance and Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QR Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alice M. Bowen
- Department
of Chemistry, Photon Science Institute and The National EPR Research
Facility, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Marilena Di Valentin
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy,Centro
Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Centro Studi di Economia e
Tecnica dell’energia Giorgio Levi Cases”, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Steponas Raišys
- Institute
of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Vilnius
University, Saulėtekio
av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Paulius Baronas
- Institute
of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Vilnius
University, Saulėtekio
av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Karolis Kazlauskas
- Institute
of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Vilnius
University, Saulėtekio
av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Linas Vilčiauskas
- Institute
of Chemistry, Vilnius University, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania,Center
for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Saulėtekio al. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edvinas Orentas
- Institute
of Chemistry, Vilnius University, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania,
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10
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Sacristán-Martín A, Miguel D, Diez-Varga A, Barbero H, Álvarez CM. From Induced-Fit Assemblies to Ternary Inclusion Complexes with Fullerenes in Corannulene-Based Molecular Tweezers. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16691-16706. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Sacristán-Martín
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid E47011, Spain
| | - Daniel Miguel
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid E47011, Spain
| | - Alberto Diez-Varga
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid E47011, Spain
| | - Héctor Barbero
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid E47011, Spain
| | - Celedonio M. Álvarez
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid E47011, Spain
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11
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Yamada M, Sawazaki T, Fujita M, Asanoma F, Nishikawa Y, Kawai T. Tetrathienyl Corannulene Compounds with Highly Sensitive Photochromism. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201286. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihoko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology NAIST Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Tomoya Sawazaki
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology NAIST Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Mae Fujita
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology NAIST Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Fumio Asanoma
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology NAIST Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nishikawa
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology NAIST Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Division of Materials Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology NAIST Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
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12
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Roy I, David AHG, Das PJ, Pe DJ, Stoddart JF. Fluorescent cyclophanes and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5557-5605. [PMID: 35704949 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00352b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With the serendipitous discovery of crown ethers by Pedersen more than half a century ago and the subsequent introduction of host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry by Cram and Lehn, respectively, followed by the design and synthesis of wholly synthetic cyclophanes-in particular, fluorescent cyclophanes, having rich structural characteristics and functions-have been the focus of considerable research activity during the past few decades. Cyclophanes with remarkable emissive properties have been investigated continuously over the years and employed in numerous applications across the field of science and technology. In this Review, we feature the recent developments in the chemistry of fluorescent cyclophanes, along with their design and synthesis. Their host-guest chemistry and applications related to their structure and properties are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Arthur H G David
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Partha Jyoti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - David J Pe
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA. .,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310021, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou, 311215, China
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13
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Buchanan JS, Preston D. A Catalogue of Orthogonal Complementary Ligand Pairings for Palladium(II) Complexes. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200272. [PMID: 35362213 PMCID: PMC9324840 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Molecular recognition is a form of information transfer, seen in the base pairing in DNA which is derived from the identity (acceptor or donor) and number of hydrogen bond sites within each base. Here we report bis-ligand palladium(II) complexes that exhibit similar complementarity. Pd(II) has square planar four-coordinate geometry, giving control over ligand orientation and denticity. Pairings were developed using ligand denticity (3 : 1 or 2 : 2), and hydrogen bond capability (AA:DD or AD:DA) or lack thereof. Five pairings were investigated, with two sets of four being found fully orthogonal. The two 3 : 1 pairings exhibited limited ligand exchange. The extent of this exchange varied dependant on solvent from 2 : 1 (desired to undesired) to 6 : 1. A reliable and varied set of ligand pairs have therefore been developed for bis-ligand coordination sphere engineering in pursuit of sorting for complex molecular architectures and molecular-level information storage and transfer events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. Buchanan
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT 2600Australia
| | - Dan Preston
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT 2600Australia
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14
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Jiao J, He J, Li M, Yang J, Yang H, Wang X, Yang S. A porphyrin-based metallacage for enhanced photodynamic therapy. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:6373-6383. [PMID: 35411893 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08293k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we designed an effective nanoplatform to improve the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of porphyrins. Combining a porphyrin-based metallacage (PM), hyaluronidase (HAase) and DSPE-mPEG2000 together, the nanoparticle (PM@HAase-mPEG) showed enhanced PDT efficacy. The PM improved the stability of the porphyrin, avoided its aggregation and provided cavities to concentrate oxygen molecules, which was beneficial for enhancing PDT. HAase degraded HA to increase the intracellular accumulation of nanoparticles, normalized blood vessels and relieved hypoxia in tumors. PM@HAase-mPEG inhibited the growth of tumors in a 4T1 mouse model by the generated singlet oxygen with excellent PDT efficacy. This study resolved the problems of the instability of PSs, less cellular accumulation of drugs, and tumor hypoxia that limited the anti-tumor application of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
| | - Jing He
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
| | - Mengmeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
| | - Jingxia Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
| | - Hong Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Shiping Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
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15
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Liu D, Lin YJ, Jin GX. Guest Encapsulation and Self-Assembly of a Box-like Metalla-Rectangle Featuring Cp*Rh Fragments. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Wang Y, Rickhaus M, Blacque O, Baldridge KK, Juríček M, Siegel JS. Cooperative Weak Dispersive Interactions Actuate Catalysis in a Shape-Selective Abiological Racemase. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2679-2684. [PMID: 35120406 PMCID: PMC8855437 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A simple abiological
host–guest system demonstrates racemase
activity with catalytic rate enhancements of 104 without
employing traditional functional groups. Cooperative weak interactions
enhanced through shape-complementarity between the catalyst active
site and the reaction transition state drive this activity, as proposed
by Pauling for enzymes. In analogy to the Jencks’ concept of
catalytic antibodies, it is shown that a hapten resembling the planar
transition state of the bowl inversion acts as a potent inhibitor
of this catalytic process. In contrast, no substrate/product inhibition
is detected, and a relatively weak binding of the substrate is observed
(Ka ≈ 102 M–1 at 293 K). This simple box-and-bowl system demonstrates that shape
selectivity arising from cooperative dispersive forces suffices for
the emergence of a catalytic system with an enzyme-like thermodynamic
profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michel Rickhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kim K Baldridge
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jay S Siegel
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
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17
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Kroeger AA, Karton A. Perylene Bisimide Cyclophanes as Biaryl Enantiomerization Catalysts─Explorations into π–π Catalysis and Host–Guest Chirality Transfer. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5485-5496. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asja A. Kroeger
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Amir Karton
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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18
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Tian Y, Chen B, Jiang S, Yuan M, Ren J, Wang F. [2.2]Paracyclophane-bridged platinum(II) complexes for silver(I) recognition with emission enhancement. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11996-11999. [PMID: 34709245 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04806f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A [2.2]paracyclophane-bridged bimetallic alkynylplatinum(II) terpyridyl complex displays severe emission quenching due to the presence of intramolecular π-π interactions. It undergoes an adaptive conformational change upon recognizing Ag+, which attenuates the intramolecular stacking strength and thereby exhibits "turn-on" emission character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukui Tian
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Bin Chen
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Sixun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Ming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Jie Ren
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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19
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Poyatos M, Peris E. Insights into the past and future of Janus-di-N-heterocyclic carbenes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12748-12763. [PMID: 34581341 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02035h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Janus di-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands are a subclass of poly-NHCs that feature coordination to two transition metals in a facially opposed manner. The combination of the structural features of Janus type ligands, with the properties conferred by the NHC ligands, has conferred Janus-di-NHCs with privileged attributes for their use in diverse areas of research, such as homogeneous catalysis, materials chemistry and supramolecular chemistry. In molecular chemistry, Janus di-NHCs constitute one of the most useful chemical platforms for constructing dimetallic structures, and this includes both homo- and hetero-dimetallic compounds. This review aims to cover the most relevant advances in the use of Janus-di-NHCs during the last 15 years, by classifying them according to their specific structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Poyatos
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, Castellón, E-1271, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, Castellón, E-1271, Spain.
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20
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Wu H, Wang Y, Song B, Wang HJ, Zhou J, Sun Y, Jones LO, Liu W, Zhang L, Zhang X, Cai K, Chen XY, Stern CL, Wei J, Farha OK, Anna JM, Schatz GC, Liu Y, Fraser Stoddart J. A contorted nanographene shelter. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5191. [PMID: 34465772 PMCID: PMC8408160 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanographenes have kindled considerable interest in the fields of materials science and supramolecular chemistry as a result of their unique self-assembling and optoelectronic properties. Encapsulating the contorted nanographenes inside artificial receptors, however, remains challenging. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a trigonal prismatic hexacationic cage, which has a large cavity and adopts a relatively flexible conformation. It serves as a receptor, not only for planar coronene, but also for contorted nanographene derivatives with diameters of approximately 15 Å and thicknesses of 7 Å. A comprehensive investigation of the host-guest interactions in the solid, solution and gaseous states by experimentation and theoretical calculations reveals collectively an induced-fit binding mechanism with high binding affinities between the cage and the nanographenes. Notably, the photostability of the nanographenes is improved significantly by the ultrafast deactivation of their excited states within the cage. Encapsulating the contorted nanographenes inside the cage provides a noncovalent strategy for regulating their photoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Hui-Juan Wang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiawang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yixun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Leighton O Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kang Cai
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Junfa Wei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jessica M Anna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Nankai District, Tianjin, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai District, Tianjin, China.
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, China.
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21
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Abstract
In this contribution, we provide an overview of the main avenues that have emerged in gold coordination chemistry during the last years. The unique properties of gold have motivated research in gold chemistry, and especially regarding the properties and applications of gold compounds in catalysis, medicine, and materials chemistry. The advances in the synthesis and knowledge of gold coordination compounds have been possible with the design of novel ligands becoming relevant motifs that have allowed the preparation of elusive complexes in this area of research. Strong donor ligands with easily modulable electronic and steric properties, such as stable singlet carbenes or cyclometalated ligands, have been decisive in the stabilization of gold(0) species, gold fluoride complexes, gold hydrides, unprecedented π complexes, or cluster derivatives. These new ligands have been important not only from the fundamental structure and bonding studies but also for the synthesis of sophisticated catalysts to improve activity and selectivity of organic transformations. Moreover, they have enabled the facile oxidative addition from gold(I) to gold(III) and the design of a plethora of complexes with specific properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel P Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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22
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Vicent C, Martinez‐Agramunt V, Gandhi V, Larriba‐Andaluz C, Gusev DG, Peris E. Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Uncovers Guest‐Induced Distortions in a Supramolecular Organometallic Metallosquare. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Vicent
- Servei Central d'Instrumentació Científica (SCIC) Universitat Jaume I Avda. Sos Baynat s/n 12006 Castellón Spain
| | - Victor Martinez‐Agramunt
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n 12071 Castellón Spain
| | - Viraj Gandhi
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering IUPUI Indianapolis IN 46206 USA
| | | | - Dmitry G. Gusev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Wilfrid Laurier University 75 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario N2L 3C5 Canada
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n 12071 Castellón Spain
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering IUPUI Indianapolis IN 46206 USA
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23
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Vicent C, Martinez‐Agramunt V, Gandhi V, Larriba‐Andaluz C, Gusev DG, Peris E. Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Uncovers Guest-Induced Distortions in a Supramolecular Organometallic Metallosquare. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15412-15417. [PMID: 33783064 PMCID: PMC8361979 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The encapsulation of the tetracationic palladium metallosquare with four pyrene-bis-imidazolylidene ligands [1]4+ with a series of organic molecules was studied by Electrospray ionization Travelling Wave Ion-Mobility Mass Spectrometry (ESI TWIM-MS). The method allowed to determine the Collision Cross Sections (CCSs), which were used to assess the size changes experienced by the host upon encapsulation of the guest molecules. When fullerenes were used as guests, the host is expanded ΔCCS 13 Å2 and 23 Å2 , for C60 or C70 , respectively. The metallorectangle [1]4+ was also used for the encapsulation of a series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide (NTCDI), to form complexes of formula [(NTCDI)2 (PAH)@1]4+ . For these host:guest adducts, the ESI IM-MS studies revealed that [1]4+ is expanded by 47-49 Å2 .. The energy-minimized structures of [1]4+ , [C60 @1]4+ , [C70 @1]4+ , [(NTCDI)2 (corannulene)@1]4+ in the gas phase were obtained by DFT calculations.Introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Vicent
- Servei Central d'Instrumentació Científica (SCIC)Universitat Jaume IAvda. Sos Baynat s/n12006CastellónSpain
| | - Victor Martinez‐Agramunt
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)Universitat Jaume IAv. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n12071CastellónSpain
| | - Viraj Gandhi
- Department of Mechanical and Energy EngineeringIUPUIIndianapolisIN46206USA
| | | | - Dmitry G. Gusev
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryWilfrid Laurier University75 University Avenue WestWaterlooOntarioN2L 3C5Canada
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)Universitat Jaume IAv. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n12071CastellónSpain
- Department of Mechanical and Energy EngineeringIUPUIIndianapolisIN46206USA
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24
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Strategies for the construction of supramolecular assemblies from poly-NHC ligand precursors. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Guan S, Pickl T, Jandl C, Schuchmann L, Zhou X, Altmann PJ, Pöthig A. Triazolate-based pillarplexes: shape-adaptive metallocavitands via rim modification of macrocyclic ligands. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00588j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Rim-modified pillarplexes are prepared by a macrocycle-templated synthesis strategy. They exhibit a shape-adaptive behaviour and complementary H-bonding, showing that rim modification can modulate the flexibility and functionality of the cavitand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang Guan
- Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- D-85748 Garching b. München
- Germany
| | - Thomas Pickl
- Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- D-85748 Garching b. München
- Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- D-85748 Garching b. München
- Germany
| | - Leon Schuchmann
- Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- D-85748 Garching b. München
- Germany
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- D-85748 Garching b. München
- Germany
| | - Philipp J. Altmann
- Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- D-85748 Garching b. München
- Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry
- Technische Universität München
- D-85748 Garching b. München
- Germany
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26
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Zhang GW, Xiang JY, Zhong TT, Zhi XR, Gao C, Huang W, Yuan S, Xie LH, Huang W. Iodide ion receptors: shape-persistent macrocycles of syn/ anti configurations. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00247c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A local induced fit mechanism following a conformational selection in the recognition of iodide anions is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Wei Zhang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD)
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Nanjing
| | - Jia-Yin Xiang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD)
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Nanjing
| | - Tao-Tao Zhong
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD)
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Nanjing
| | - Xin-Ru Zhi
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD)
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Nanjing
| | - Chuang Gao
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD)
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Nanjing
| | - Wei Huang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD)
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Nanjing
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD)
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Nanjing
| | - Ling-Hai Xie
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD)
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Nanjing
| | - Wei Huang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD)
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- Nanjing
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27
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Kroeger AA, Karton A. Perylene bisimide cyclophanes as receptors for planar transition structures – catalysis of stereoinversions by shape-complementarity and noncovalent π–π interactions. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00755f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Perylene bisimide cyclophanes, ideal receptors for planar aromatic compounds, act as π–π catalysts by stabilizing shape-complementary stereoinversion transition structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asja A. Kroeger
- School of Molecular Sciences
- The University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
| | - Amir Karton
- School of Molecular Sciences
- The University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
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28
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Tsuchido Y, Abe R, Ide T, Osakada K. A Macrocyclic Gold(I)-Biphenylene Complex: Triangular Molecular Structure with Twisted Au 2 (diphosphine) Corners and Reductive Elimination of [6]Cycloparaphenylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22928-22932. [PMID: 32692468 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The digold(I) complex [Au2 Cl2 (Cy2 PCH2 PCy2 )] reacts with 4,4'-diphenylene diboronic acid to form a triangular macrocyclic complex with twisted Au-P-C-P-Au groups at the three corners. The synthesis of the complex and its chemical oxidation produced [6]cycloparaphenylene ([6]CPP) in 59 % overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Tsuchido
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Ryota Abe
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tomohito Ide
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tokyo College, 1220-2 Kunugida-machi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 193-0997, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
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Ibáñez S, Gusev DG, Peris E. Unexpected Influence of Substituents on the Binding Affinities of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with a Tetra-Au(I) Metallorectangle. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ibáñez
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, Castellón E-12071, Spain
| | - Dmitry G. Gusev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5 Canada
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, Castellón E-12071, Spain
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30
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Solel E, Pappo D, Reany O, Mejuch T, Gershoni-Poranne R, Botoshansky M, Stanger A, Keinan E. Flat corannulene: when a transition state becomes a stable molecule. Chem Sci 2020; 11:13015-13025. [PMID: 34094486 PMCID: PMC8163244 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04566g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flat corannulene has been considered so far only as a transition state of the bowl-to-bowl inversion process. This study was driven by the prediction that substituents with strong steric repulsion could destabilize the bowl-shaped conformation of this molecule to such an extent that the highly unstable planar geometry would become an isolable molecule. To examine the substituents' effect on the corannulene bowl depth, optimized structures for the highly-congested decakis(t-butylsulfido)corannulene were calculated. The computations, performed with both the M06-2X/def2-TZVP and the B3LYP/def2-TZVP methods (the latter with and without Grimme's D3 dispersion correction), predict that this molecule can achieve two minimum structures: a flat carbon framework and a bowl-shaped structure, which are very close in energy. This rather unusual compound was easily synthesized from decachlorocorannulene under mild reaction conditions, and X-ray crystallographic studies gave similar results to the theoretical predictions. This compound crystallized in two different polymorphs, one exhibiting a completely flat corannulene core and the other having a bowl-shaped conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephrath Solel
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200001 Israel
| | - Doron Pappo
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Ofer Reany
- Avinoam Adam Department of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Israel 1 University Road, P.O. Box 808 Ra'anana 4353701 Israel
| | - Tom Mejuch
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200001 Israel
| | - Renana Gershoni-Poranne
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200001 Israel
| | - Mark Botoshansky
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200001 Israel
| | - Amnon Stanger
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200001 Israel
| | - Ehud Keinan
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200001 Israel
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31
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Tsuchido Y, Abe R, Ide T, Osakada K. A Macrocyclic Gold(I)–Biphenylene Complex: Triangular Molecular Structure with Twisted Au
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(diphosphine) Corners and Reductive Elimination of [6]Cycloparaphenylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Tsuchido
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Tokyo University of Science 1–3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Ryota Abe
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Tomohito Ide
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology, Tokyo College 1220-2 Kunugida-machi, Hachioji-shi Tokyo 193-0997 Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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32
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Ibáñez S, Poyatos M, Peris E. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: A Door Open to Supramolecular Organometallic Chemistry. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1401-1413. [PMID: 32644769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The field of metallosupramolecular chemistry is clearly dominated by the use of O-, N-, and P-donor Werner-type polydentate ligands. These molecular architectures are of high interest because of their wide range of applications, which include molecular encapsulation, stabilization of reactive species, supramolecular catalysis, and drug delivery, among others. Only recently, organometallic ligands have allowed the preparation of a variety of supramolecular coordination complexes, and the term supramolecular organometallic complexes (SOCs) is gaining space within the field of metallosupramolecular chemistry. While the early examples of SOCs referred to supramolecular architectures mostly containing bisalkenyl, diphenyl, or bisalkynyl linkers, the development of SOCs during the past decade has been boosted by the parallel development of multidentate N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands. The first examples of NHC-based SOCs referred to supramolecular assemblies based on polydentate NHC ligands bound to group 11 metals. However, during the last 10 years, several planar poly-NHC ligands containing extended π-conjugated systems have facilitated the formation of a large variety of architectures in which the supramolecular assemblies can contain metals other than Cu, Ag, and Au. Such ligands are Janus di-NHCs and trigonal-planar tris-NHCs-most of them prepared by our research group-which have allowed the preparation of a vast range of NHC-based metallosupramolecular compounds with interesting host-guest chemistry properties. Although the number of SOCs has increased in the past few years, their use for host-guest chemistry purposes is still in its earliest infancy. In this Account, we describe the achievements that we have made during the last 4 years toward broadening the applications of planar extended π-conjugated NHC ligands for the preparation of organometallic-based supramolecular structures, including their use as hosts for some selected organic and inorganic guests, together with the catalytic properties displayed by some selected host-guest inclusion complexes. Our contribution describes the design of several Ni-, Pd-, and Au-based metallorectangles and metalloprisms, which we used for the encapsulation of several organic substrates, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and fullerenes. The large binding affinities found are ascribed to the incorporation of two cofacial panels with large π-conjugated systems, which provide the optimum conditions for guest recognition by π-π-stacking interactions. We also describe a series of digold(I) metallotweezers for the recognition of organic and inorganic substrates. These metallotweezers were used for the recognition of "naked" metal cations and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The recognition properties of these metallotweezers are highly dependent on the nature of the rigid connector and of the ancillary ligands that constitute the arms of the tweezer. A peculiar balance between the self-aggregation properties of the tweezer and its ability to encapsulate organic guests is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ibáñez
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Macarena Poyatos
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
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33
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Zhang YW, Bai S, Wang YY, Han YF. A Strategy for the Construction of Triply Interlocked Organometallic Cages by Rational Design of Poly-NHC Precursors. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13614-13621. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Sha Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
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34
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Preparation and self-aggregation properties of a series of pyrene-imidazolylidene complexes of gold (I). J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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35
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Kishida N, Matsumoto K, Tanaka Y, Akita M, Sakurai H, Yoshizawa M. Anisotropic Contraction of a Polyaromatic Capsule and Its Cavity-Induced Compression Effect. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9599-9603. [PMID: 32369355 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anisotropic contraction of a spherical polyaromatic capsule was demonstrated through simple meta-to-ortho modification of the bent polyaromatic ligands. The resultant capsule, composed of two metal ions and four ortho-substituted ligands, possesses a spheroidal cavity (1.1 nm × 1.5 nm × 1.5 nm) fully encircled by a polyaromatic framework. One large planar or bowl-shaped molecule (e.g., porphine or sumanene) is quantitatively bound by the capsule, in which the cavity-induced compression effect causes the acceleration of the bowl-to-bowl inversion of sumanene. Temperature-dependent 1H NMR analysis revealed that the activation energy of the inversion decreases greatly (ΔG⧧ = -2.8 kcal mol-1 at 318 K) upon encapsulation, whereas the opposite effect was observed in the spherical cavity of the previous polyaromatic capsule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Kishida
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Matsumoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yuya Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Munetaka Akita
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Sakurai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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36
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Kolien J, Inglis AR, Vasdev RAS, Howard BI, Kruger PE, Preston D. Exploiting the labile site in dinuclear [Pd2L2]n+ metallo-cycles: multi-step control over binding affinity without alteration of core host structure. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00901f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic metallosupramolecular systems have generally been binary (on/off) when they have control over molecular recognition. This report details a dipalladium(ii) system with four-step graduated control over recognition for a guest.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kolien
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences
- University of Canterbury
- Christchurch 8041
- New Zealand
| | - Amanda R. Inglis
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences
- University of Canterbury
- Christchurch 8041
- New Zealand
| | | | - Ben I. Howard
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences
- University of Canterbury
- Christchurch 8041
- New Zealand
| | - Paul E. Kruger
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences
- University of Canterbury
- Christchurch 8041
- New Zealand
| | - Dan Preston
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences
- University of Canterbury
- Christchurch 8041
- New Zealand
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