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Zeng J, Xie L, Liu T, He Y, Liu W, Zhang Q, Li J, Li X, Qiu B, Zhou S, Liang Q, Wang X, Liang K, Tang J, Liu J, Jiang L, Huang G, Kong B. Super-Assembled Multilayered Mesoporous TiO 2 Nanorockets for Light-Powered Space-Confined Microfluidic Catalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38661542 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
In the field of sustainable chemistry, it is still a significant challenge to realize efficient light-powered space-confined catalysis and propulsion due to the limited solar absorption efficiency and the low mass and heat transfer efficiency. Here, novel semiconductor TiO2 nanorockets with asymmetric, hollow, mesoporous, and double-layer structures are successfully constructed through a facile interfacial superassembly strategy. The high concentration of defects and unique topological features improve light scattering and reduce the distance for charge migration and directed charge separation, resulting in enhanced light harvesting in the confined nanospace and resulting in enhanced catalysis and self-propulsion. The movement velocity of double-layered nanorockets can reach up to 10.5 μm s-1 under visible light, which is approximately 57 and 119% higher than that of asymmetric single-layered TiO2 and isotropic hollow TiO2 nanospheres, respectively. In addition, the double-layered nanorockets improve the degradation rate of the common pollutant methylene blue under sustainable visible light with a 247% rise of first-order rate constant compared to isotropic hollow TiO2 nanospheres. Furthermore, FEA simulations reveal and confirm the double-layered confined-space enhanced catalysis and self-propulsion mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun He
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Weiyan Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Junyan Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Beilei Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Qirui Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Kang Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jinyao Tang
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Biao Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, P. R. China
- Shandong Research Institute, Fudan University, Shandong 250103, China
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2
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Morris RJH, Lin JR, Scheerder JE, Popovici MI, Meersschaut J, Goux L, Kar GS, van der Heide P, Fleischmann C. Significant Oxygen Underestimation When Quantifying Barium-Doped SrTiO Layers by Atom Probe Tomography. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2024; 30:49-58. [PMID: 38232229 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, the capability for quantifying the composition of Ba-doped SrTiO layers from an atom probe measurement was explored. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and time-of-flight/energy elastic recoil detection were used to benchmark the composition where the amount of titanium was intentionally varied between samples. The atom probe results showed a significant divergence from the benchmarked composition. The cause was shown to be a significant oxygen underestimation (≳14 at%). The ratio between oxygen and titanium for the samples varied between 2.6 and 12.7, while those measured by atom probe tomography were lower and covered a narrower range between 1.4 and 1.7. This difference was found to be associated with the oxygen and titanium predominantly field evaporating together as a molecular ion. The evaporation fields and bonding chemistries determined showed inconsistencies for explaining the oxygen underestimation and ion species measured. The measured ion charge state was in excellent agreement with that predicted by the Kingham postionization theory. Only by considering the measured ion species, their evaporation fields, the coordination chemistry, the analysis conditions, and some recently reported density functional theory modeling for oxide field emission were we able to postulate a field emission and oxygen neutral desorption process that may explain our results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jhao-Rong Lin
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven 3001, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Quantum Solid-State Physics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Fleischmann
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, Leuven 3001, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Quantum Solid-State Physics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
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3
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Schwarz TM, Woods E, Singh MP, Chen X, Jung C, Aota LS, Jang K, Krämer M, Kim SH, McCarroll I, Gault B. In Situ Metallic Coating of Atom Probe Specimen for Enhanced Yield, Performance, and Increased Field-of-View. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2024:ozae006. [PMID: 38366381 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Atom probe tomography requires needle-shaped specimens with a diameter typically below 100 nm, making them both very fragile and reactive, and defects (notches at grain boundaries or precipitates) are known to affect the yield and data quality. The use of a conformal coating directly on the sharpened specimen has been proposed to increase yield and reduce background. However, to date, these coatings have been applied ex situ and mostly are not uniform. Here, we report on the controlled focused-ion beam in situ deposition of a thin metal film on specimens immediately after specimen preparation. Different metallic targets e.g. Cr were attached to a micromanipulator via a conventional lift-out method and sputtered using Ga or Xe ions. We showcase the many advantages of coating specimens from metallic to nonmetallic materials. We have identified an increase in data quality and yield, an improvement of the mass resolution, as well as an increase in the effective field-of-view. This wider field-of-view enables visualization of the entire original specimen, allowing to detect the complete surface oxide layer around the specimen. The ease of implementation of the approach makes it very attractive for generalizing its use across a very wide range of atom probe analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim M Schwarz
- Department of Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Max-Planck-Str. 1, Düsseldorf 40237, Germany
| | - Eric Woods
- Department of Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Max-Planck-Str. 1, Düsseldorf 40237, Germany
| | - Mahander P Singh
- Department of Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Max-Planck-Str. 1, Düsseldorf 40237, Germany
| | - Xinren Chen
- Department of Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Max-Planck-Str. 1, Düsseldorf 40237, Germany
| | - Chanwon Jung
- Department of Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Max-Planck-Str. 1, Düsseldorf 40237, Germany
| | - Leonardo S Aota
- Department of Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Max-Planck-Str. 1, Düsseldorf 40237, Germany
| | - Kyuseon Jang
- Department of Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Max-Planck-Str. 1, Düsseldorf 40237, Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mathias Krämer
- Department of Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Max-Planck-Str. 1, Düsseldorf 40237, Germany
| | - Se-Ho Kim
- Department of Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Max-Planck-Str. 1, Düsseldorf 40237, Germany
| | - Ingrid McCarroll
- Department of Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Max-Planck-Str. 1, Düsseldorf 40237, Germany
| | - Baptiste Gault
- Department of Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Max-Planck-Str. 1, Düsseldorf 40237, Germany
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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4
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Woods EV, Singh MP, Kim SH, Schwarz TM, Douglas JO, El-Zoka AA, Giulani F, Gault B. A Versatile and Reproducible Cryo-sample Preparation Methodology for Atom Probe Studies. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1992-2003. [PMID: 37856778 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Repeatable and reliable site-specific preparation of specimens for atom probe tomography (APT) at cryogenic temperatures has proven challenging. A generalized workflow is required for cryogenic specimen preparation including lift-out via focused ion beam and in situ deposition of capping layers, to strengthen specimens that will be exposed to high electric field and stresses during field evaporation in APT and protect them from environment during transfer into the atom probe. Here, we build on existing protocols and showcase preparation and analysis of a variety of metals, oxides, and supported frozen liquids and battery materials. We demonstrate reliable in situ deposition of a metallic capping layer that significantly improves the atom probe data quality for challenging material systems, particularly battery cathode materials which are subjected to delithiation during the atom probe analysis itself. Our workflow design is versatile and transferable widely to other instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric V Woods
- Mikrostrukturphysik und Legierungsdesign, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Düsseldorf 40237, Germany
| | - Mahander P Singh
- Mikrostrukturphysik und Legierungsdesign, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Düsseldorf 40237, Germany
| | - Se-Ho Kim
- Mikrostrukturphysik und Legierungsdesign, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Düsseldorf 40237, Germany
| | - Tim M Schwarz
- Mikrostrukturphysik und Legierungsdesign, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Düsseldorf 40237, Germany
| | - James O Douglas
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BP, UK
| | - Ayman A El-Zoka
- Mikrostrukturphysik und Legierungsdesign, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Düsseldorf 40237, Germany
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BP, UK
| | - Finn Giulani
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BP, UK
| | - Baptiste Gault
- Mikrostrukturphysik und Legierungsdesign, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Düsseldorf 40237, Germany
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BP, UK
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5
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Yoo SH, Aota LS, Shin S, El-Zoka AA, Kang PW, Lee Y, Lee H, Kim SH, Gault B. Dopant Evolution in Electrocatalysts after Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction in an Alkaline Environment. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2023; 8:3381-3386. [PMID: 37588014 PMCID: PMC10425978 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of interstitial dopants has opened a new pathway to optimize nanoparticle catalytic activity for, e.g., hydrogen evolution/oxidation and other reactions. Here, we discuss the stability of a property-enhancing dopant, B, introduced through the controlled synthesis of an electrocatalyst Pd aerogel. We observe significant removal of B after the hydrogen oxidation reaction. Ab initio calculations show that the high stability of subsurface B in Pd is substantially reduced when H is adsorbed/absorbed on the surface, favoring its departure from the host nanostructure. The destabilization of subsurface B is more pronounced, as more H occupies surface sites and empty interstitial sites. We hence demonstrate that the H2 fuel itself favors the microstructural degradation of the electrocatalyst and an associated drop in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyun Yoo
- Max-Planck
Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sangyong Shin
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayman A. El-Zoka
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Phil Woong Kang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghyuk Lee
- Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Hyunjoo Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Ho Kim
- Max-Planck
Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Baptiste Gault
- Max-Planck
Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
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6
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Yu Y, Wu T, Dong L. Surface Oxygen Vacancies of Rutile Nanorods Accelerate Biomineralization. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:20066-20072. [PMID: 37305277 PMCID: PMC10249081 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) materials have been widely used in biomedical applications of bone tissue engineering. However, the mechanism underlying the induced biomineralization onto the TiO2 surface still remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that the surface oxygen vacancy defects of rutile nanorods could be gradually eliminated by the regularly used annealing treatment, which restrained the heterogeneous nucleation of hydroxyapatite (HA) onto rutile nanorods in simulated body fluids (SBFs). Moreover, we also observed that the surface oxygen vacancies upregulated the mineralization of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) on rutile TiO2 nanorod substrates. This work therefore emphasized the importance of subtle changes of surface oxygen vacancy defective features of oxidic biomaterials during the regularly used annealing treatment on their bioactive performances and provided new insights into the fundamental understanding of interactions of materials with the biological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Yu
- First
People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou 311100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Guangdian
Metrology & Testing (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingqing Dong
- Stomatology
Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,
Zhejiang Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key
Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
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7
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Liao L, Wang M, Li Z, Wang X, Zhou W. Recent Advances in Black TiO 2 Nanomaterials for Solar Energy Conversion. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:468. [PMID: 36770430 PMCID: PMC9921477 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials have been widely used in photocatalytic energy conversion and environmental remediation due to their advantages of low cost, chemical stability, and relatively high photo-activity. However, applications of TiO2 have been restricted in the ultraviolet range because of the wide band gap. Broadening the light absorption of TiO2 nanomaterials is an efficient way to improve the photocatalytic activity. Thus, black TiO2 with extended light response range in the visible light and even near infrared light has been extensively exploited as efficient photocatalysts in the last decade. This review represents an attempt to conclude the recent developments in black TiO2 nanomaterials synthesized by modified treatment, which presented different structure, morphological features, reduced band gap, and enhanced solar energy harvesting efficiency. Special emphasis has been given to the newly developed synthetic methods, porous black TiO2, and the approaches for further improving the photocatalytic activity of black TiO2. Various black TiO2, doped black TiO2, metal-loaded black TiO2 and black TiO2 heterojunction photocatalysts, and their photocatalytic applications and mechanisms in the field of energy and environment are summarized in this review, to provide useful insights and new ideas in the related field.
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8
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Wang R, Che G, Wang C, Liu C, Liu B, Ohtani B, Liu Y, Zhang X. Alcohol Plasma Processed Surface Amorphization for Photocatalysis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangshun Che
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoshun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122, Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bunsho Ohtani
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yichun Liu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Visible-Light-Active Black TiO 2 Nanoparticles with Efficient Photocatalytic Performance for Degradation of Pharmaceuticals. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152563. [PMID: 35893534 PMCID: PMC9330099 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Special attention has recently been paid to surface-defective titanium dioxide and black TiO2 with advanced optical, electrical, and photocatalytic properties. Synthesis of these materials for photodegradation and mineralization of persistent organic pollutants in water, especially under visible radiation, presents interest from scientific and application points of view. Chemical reduction by heating a TiO2 and NaBH4 mixture at 350 °C successfully introduced Ti3+ defects and oxygen vacancies at the surface of TiO2, with an increase in the photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin—an antibiotic that is present in wastewater due to its intense use in human and animal medicine. Three TiO2 samples were prepared at different annealing temperatures to control the ratio between anatase and rutile and were subjected to chemical reduction. Electron paramagnetic resonance investigations showed that the formation of surface Ti3+ defects in a high concentration occurred mainly in the anatase sample annealed at 400 °C, contributing to the bandgap reduction from 3.32 eV to 2.92 eV. The reduced band gap enhances visible light absorption and the efficiency of photocatalysis. The nanoparticles of ~90 m2/g specific surface area and 12 nm average size exhibit ~100% efficiency in the degradation of amoxicillin under simulated solar irradiation compared with pristine TiO2. Mineralization of amoxicillin and by-products was over 75% after 48 h irradiation for the anatase sample, where the Ti3+ defects were present in a higher concentration at the catalyst’s surface.
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10
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Kim SH, Yoo SH, Shin S, El-Zoka AA, Kasian O, Lim J, Jeong J, Scheu C, Neugebauer J, Lee H, Todorova M, Gault B. Controlled Doping of Electrocatalysts through Engineering Impurities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203030. [PMID: 35514107 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fuel cells recombine water from H2 and O2 thereby can power, for example, cars or houses with no direct carbon emission. In anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), to reach high power densities, operating at high pH is an alternative to using large volumes of noble metals catalysts at the cathode, where the oxygen-reduction reaction occurs. However, the sluggish kinetics of the hydrogen-oxidation reaction (HOR) hinders upscaling despite promising catalysts. Here, the authors observe an unexpected ingress of B into Pd nanocatalysts synthesized by wet-chemistry, gaining control over this B-doping, and report on its influence on the HOR activity in alkaline conditions. They rationalize their findings using ab initio calculations of both H- and OH-adsorption on B-doped Pd. Using this "impurity engineering" approach, they thus design Pt-free catalysts as required in electrochemical energy conversion devices, for example, next generations of AEMFCs, that satisfy the economic and environmental constraints, that is, reasonable operating costs and long-term stability, to enable the "hydrogen economy."
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ho Kim
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Su-Hyun Yoo
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sangyong Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayman A El-Zoka
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Olga Kasian
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Helmholtz Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joohyun Lim
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24342, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Jeong
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Scheu
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Neugebauer
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hyunjoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Todorova
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Baptiste Gault
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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11
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Li X, Li N, Gao Y, Ge L. Design and applications of hollow-structured nanomaterials for photocatalytic H2 evolution and CO2 reduction. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Kim SH, Antonov S, Zhou X, Stephenson LT, Jung C, El-Zoka AA, Schreiber DK, Conroy M, Gault B. Atom probe analysis of electrode materials for Li-ion batteries: challenges and ways forward. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2022; 10:4926-4935. [PMID: 35341092 PMCID: PMC8887568 DOI: 10.1039/d1ta10050e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide development of electric vehicles as well as large-scale or grid-scale energy storage to compensate for the intermittent nature of renewable energy generation has led to a surge of interest in battery technology. Understanding the factors controlling battery capacity and, critically, their degradation mechanisms to ensure long-term, sustainable and safe operation requires detailed knowledge of their microstructure and chemistry, and their evolution under operating conditions, on the nanoscale. Atom probe tomography (APT) provides compositional mapping of materials in three dimensions with sub-nanometre resolution, and is poised to play a key role in battery research. However, APT is underpinned by an intense electric field that can drive lithium migration, and many battery materials are reactive oxides, requiring careful handling and sample transfer. Here, we report on the analysis of both anode and cathode materials and show that electric-field driven migration can be suppressed by using shielding by embedding powder particles in a metallic matrix or by using a thin conducting surface layer. We demonstrate that for a typical cathode material, cryogenic specimen preparation and transport under ultra-high vacuum leads to major delithiation of the specimen during the analysis. In contrast, the transport of specimens through air enables the analysis of the material. Finally, we discuss the possible physical underpinnings and discuss ways forward to enable shielding from the electric field, which helps address the challenges inherent to the APT analysis of battery materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ho Kim
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung Düsseldorf Germany
| | | | - Xuyang Zhou
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung Düsseldorf Germany
| | | | - Chanwon Jung
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung Düsseldorf Germany
| | | | - Daniel K Schreiber
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Michele Conroy
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London London UK
| | - Baptiste Gault
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung Düsseldorf Germany
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London London UK
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13
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Pt/TiO2– nanofibrous aerogel for effective nitrogen reduction: A simple strategy for simultaneous Pt formation and TiO2– vacancy engineering. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Kim SH, Yoo SH, Chakraborty P, Jeong J, Lim J, El-Zoka AA, Zhou X, Stephenson LT, Hickel T, Neugebauer J, Scheu C, Todorova M, Gault B. Understanding Alkali Contamination in Colloidal Nanomaterials to Unlock Grain Boundary Impurity Engineering. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:987-994. [PMID: 34982554 PMCID: PMC8778649 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metal nanogels combine a large surface area, a high structural stability, and a high catalytic activity toward a variety of chemical reactions. Their performance is underpinned by the atomic-level distribution of their constituents, yet analyzing their subnanoscale structure and composition to guide property optimization remains extremely challenging. Here, we synthesized Pd nanogels using a conventional wet chemistry route, and a near-atomic-scale analysis reveals that impurities from the reactants (Na and K) are integrated into the grain boundaries of the poly crystalline gel, typically loci of high catalytic activity. We demonstrate that the level of impurities is controlled by the reaction condition. Based on ab initio calculations, we provide a detailed mechanism to explain how surface-bound impurities become trapped at grain boundaries that form as the particles coalesce during synthesis, possibly facilitating their decohesion. If controlled, impurity integration into grain boundaries may offer opportunities for designing new nanogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ho Kim
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Su-Hyun Yoo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Poulami Chakraborty
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jiwon Jeong
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joohyun Lim
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ayman A El-Zoka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Xuyang Zhou
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Leigh T Stephenson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tilmann Hickel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Neugebauer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Scheu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mira Todorova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Baptiste Gault
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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15
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Gao F, Liu A, Tan W, Hu B, Gong R, Cheng X, Liu F, Chen G, Dong L. Boosting the catalytic performance of single-atom catalysts by tuning surface lattice expanding confinement. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7984-7987. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02671f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We report that Pt single atoms embedded on a disordered TiO2 surface have a weaker affinity for CO than those supported on a perfect TiO2 surface, thus generating much better CO oxidation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Center of Modern Analysis, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Annai Liu
- Institute of Engineering Technology, Sinopec Catalyst Co. Ltd., Sinopec Group, 13 Xingguang 5th Avenue, Beijing 101111, P. R. China
| | - Wei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Center of Modern Analysis, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Ruihan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Center of Modern Analysis, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xing Cheng
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Pingle yuan 100, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Fudong Liu
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, Catalysis Cluster for Renewable Energy and Chemical Transformations (REACT), NanoScience Technology Center (NSTC), University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Ge Chen
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Pingle yuan 100, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Lin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Center of Modern Analysis, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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16
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Armengol RA, Lim J, Ledendecker M, Hengge K, Scheu C. Correlation between the TiO 2 encapsulation layer on Pt and its electrochemical behavior. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:5075-5082. [PMID: 36132343 PMCID: PMC9417513 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00423a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Supported metal catalysts with partial encapsulation resulting from strong metal-support interactions show distinctive structural features which strongly affect their functionalities. Yet, challenges in systematic synthesis and in-depth characterization for such systems limit the present understanding of structure-property relationships. Herein, the synthesis and characterization of two Pt/TiO2 models are conducted by a simple change of the synthesis order, while keeping all other parameters constant. They differ in containing either bare or encapsulated Pt nanoparticles. The presence of an extremely thin and inhomogeneous TiO2 layer is clearly demonstrated on 2-3 nm sized Pt nanoparticles by combination of imaging, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy performed in a transmission electron microscope. The two Pt/TiO2 systems exhibit differences in morphology and local structure which can be correlated with their electrochemical activity and stability using cyclic voltammetry experiments. Beyond enhanced particle stability, we report an increase in H+ intercalation on titania and reduced Pt activity due to partial encapsulation by TiO2. Finally, the growth of an encapsulation layer as a result of cyclic voltammetry measurements is discussed. These results shed light on the in-depth structure-property relationship of catalysts with strong metal-support interactions which leads to enhanced functional materials for electrochromic devices and energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joohyun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Marc Ledendecker
- Department of Technical Chemistry I, Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Germany
| | - Katharina Hengge
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Straße 1 40237 Germany
| | - Christina Scheu
- Max-Planck Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Max-Planck-Straße 1 40237 Germany
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17
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Three-dimensional atomic mapping of ligands on palladium nanoparticles by atom probe tomography. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4301. [PMID: 34262042 PMCID: PMC8280228 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24620-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Capping ligands are crucial to synthesizing colloidal nanoparticles with functional properties. However, the synergistic effect between different ligands and their distribution on crystallographic surfaces of nanoparticles during colloidal synthesis is still unclear despite powerful spectroscopic techniques, due to a lack of direct imaging techniques. In this study, atom probe tomography is adopted to investigate the three-dimensional atomic-scale distribution of two of the most common types of these ligands, cetrimonium (C19H42N) and halide (Br and Cl) ions, on Pd nanoparticles. The results, validated using density functional theory, demonstrate that the Br anions adsorbed on the nanoparticle surfaces promote the adsorption of the cetrimonium cations through electrostatic interactions, stabilizing the Pd {111} facets. In contrast, the Cl anions are not strongly adsorbed onto the Pd surfaces. The high density of adsorbed cetrimonium cations for Br anion additions results in the formation of multiple-twinned nanoparticles with superior oxidation resistance.
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18
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Zakerin N, Morshed-Behbahani K. Perspective on the passivity of Ti6Al4V alloy in H2SO4 and NaOH solutions. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Jun H, Jang K, Jung C, Choi PP. Atom Probe Tomography Investigations of Ag Nanoparticles Embedded in Pulse-Electrodeposited Ni Films. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:1-10. [PMID: 34183090 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621012137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Atomic mapping of nanomaterials, in particular nanoparticles, using atom probe tomography (APT) is of great interest, as their properties strongly depend on shape, size, and composition. However, APT analyses of nanoparticles are extremely challenging, and there is an urgent need for developing robust and universally applicable sample preparation methods. Herein, we explored a method based on pulse electrodeposition to embed Ag nanoparticles in a Ni matrix and prepare APT specimens from the resulting composite film. By systematically varying the duty cycle during pulse electrodeposition, the dispersion and number density of the nanoparticles within the matrix was significantly enhanced as compared to DC electrodeposition. Several Ag nanoparticles were analyzed with APT from such samples. Shape distortions and biased compositions were observed for the Ag nanoparticles after applying a standard data reconstruction protocol. Numerical simulations of the field evaporation process showed that such artifacts were caused by a difference in the evaporation field of Ni and Ag and a local magnification effect. We expect such detrimental effects to be mitigated by a careful selection of the matrix material, matching the evaporation field of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, we anticipate that the method presented herein can be extended to a wider range of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosun Jun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuseon Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanwon Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyuck-Pa Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
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20
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Bao L, Zhao B, Assebban M, Halik M, Hauke F, Hirsch A. Covalent 2D Patterning, Local Electronic Structure and Polarization Switching of Graphene at the Nanometer Level. Chemistry 2021; 27:8709-8713. [PMID: 33769649 PMCID: PMC8252423 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A very facile and efficient protocol for the covalent patterning and properties tuning of graphene is reported. Highly reactive fluorine radicals were added to confined regions of graphene directed by laser writing on graphene coated with 1‐fluoro‐3,3‐dimethylbenziodoxole. This process allows for the realization of exquisite patterns on graphene with resolutions down to 200 nm. The degree of functionalization, ranging from the unfunctionalized graphene to extremely high functionalized graphene, can be precisely tuned by controlling the laser irradiation time. Subsequent substitution of the initially patterned fluorine atoms afforded an unprecedented graphene nanostructure bearing thiophene groups. This substitution led to a complete switch of both the electronic structure and the polarization within the patterned graphene regions. This approach paves the way towards the precise modulation of the structure and properties of nanostructured graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipiao Bao
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Baolin Zhao
- Organic Materials and Devices (OMD), Institute of Polymer Material, Interdisziplinären Zentrums für Nanostrukturierte Filme (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mhamed Assebban
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marcus Halik
- Organic Materials and Devices (OMD), Institute of Polymer Material, Interdisziplinären Zentrums für Nanostrukturierte Filme (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hauke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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21
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Josten JP, Felfer PJ. Atom Probe Analysis of Nanoparticles Through Pick and Coat Sample Preparation. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 28:1-10. [PMID: 34099073 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to analyze nanoparticles in the atom probe has often been limited by the complexity of the sample preparation. In this work, we present a method to lift–out single nanoparticles in the scanning electron microscope. First, nanoparticles are dispersed on a lacey carbon grid, then positioned on a sharp substrate tip and coated on all sides with a metallic matrix by physical vapor deposition. Compositional and structural insights are provided for spherical gold nanoparticles and a segregation of silver and copper in silver copper oxide nanorods is shown in 3D atom maps. Using the standard atom probe reconstruction algorithm, data quality is limited by typical standard reconstruction artifacts for heterogeneous specimens (trajectory aberrations) and the choice of suitable coatings for the particles. This approach can be applied to various unsupported free-standing nanoparticles, enables preselection of particles via correlative techniques, and reliably produces well-defined structured samples. The only prerequisite is that the nanoparticles must be large enough to be manipulated, which was done for sizes down to ~50 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P Josten
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute I, Martensstraße 5, 91058Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter J Felfer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute I, Martensstraße 5, 91058Erlangen, Germany
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22
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Gault B, Chiaramonti A, Cojocaru-Mirédin O, Stender P, Dubosq R, Freysoldt C, Makineni SK, Li T, Moody M, Cairney JM. Atom probe tomography. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2021; 1:10.1038/s43586-021-00047-w. [PMID: 37719173 PMCID: PMC10502706 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-021-00047-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Atom probe tomography (APT) provides three-dimensional compositional mapping with sub-nanometre resolution. The sensitivity of APT is in the range of parts per million for all elements, including light elements such as hydrogen, carbon or lithium, enabling unique insights into the composition of performance-enhancing or lifetime-limiting microstructural features and making APT ideally suited to complement electron-based or X-ray-based microscopies and spectroscopies. Here, we provide an introductory overview of APT ranging from its inception as an evolution of field ion microscopy to the most recent developments in specimen preparation, including for nanomaterials. We touch on data reconstruction, analysis and various applications, including in the geosciences and the burgeoning biological sciences. We review the underpinnings of APT performance and discuss both strengths and limitations of APT, including how the community can improve on current shortcomings. Finally, we look forwards to true atomic-scale tomography with the ability to measure the isotopic identity and spatial coordinates of every atom in an ever wider range of materials through new specimen preparation routes, novel laser pulsing and detector technologies, and full interoperability with complementary microscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Gault
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Ann Chiaramonti
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Patrick Stender
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Renelle Dubosq
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Tong Li
- Institute for Materials, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Moody
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julie M. Cairney
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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23
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El-Zoka AA, Kim SH, Deville S, Newman RC, Stephenson LT, Gault B. Enabling near-atomic-scale analysis of frozen water. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/49/eabd6324. [PMID: 33277259 PMCID: PMC7821902 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd6324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy went through a revolution enabling routine cryo-imaging of biological and (bio)chemical systems, in liquid form. Yet, these approaches typically lack advanced analytical capabilities. Here, we used atom probe tomography to analyze frozen liquids in three dimensions with subnanometer resolution. We introduce a specimen preparation strategy using nanoporous gold. We report data on 2- to 3-μm-thick layers of ice formed from both high-purity deuterated water and a solution of 50 mM NaCl in high-purity deuterated water. The analysis of the gold-ice interface reveals a substantial increase in the solute concentrations across the interface. We explore a range of experimental parameters to show that atom probe analyses of bulk aqueous specimens come with their own challenges and discuss physical processes that produce the observed phenomena. Our study demonstrates the viability of using frozen water as a carrier for near-atomic-scale analysis of objects in solution by atom probe tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A El-Zoka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - S-H Kim
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S Deville
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - R C Newman
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - L T Stephenson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - B Gault
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, London, UK
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24
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Nadarajah R, Tahir S, Landers J, Koch D, Semisalova AS, Wiemeler J, El-Zoka A, Kim SH, Utzat D, Möller R, Gault B, Wende H, Farle M, Gökce B. Controlling the Oxidation of Magnetic and Electrically Conductive Solid-Solution Iron-Rhodium Nanoparticles Synthesized by Laser Ablation in Liquids. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2362. [PMID: 33261038 PMCID: PMC7760681 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the synthesis of FeRh nanoparticles via pulsed laser ablation in liquid and on controlling the oxidation of the synthesized nanoparticles. Formation of monomodal γ-FeRh nanoparticles was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and their composition confirmed by atom probe tomography (APT). For these particles, three major contributors to oxidation were analysed: (1) dissolved oxygen in the organic solvents, (2) the bound oxygen in the solvent and (3) oxygen in the atmosphere above the solvent. The decrease of oxidation for optimized ablation conditions was confirmed through energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Furthermore, the time dependence of oxidation was monitored for dried FeRh nanoparticles powders using ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy (FMR). By magnetophoretic separation, B2-FeRh nanoparticles could be extracted from the solution and characteristic differences of nanostrand formation between γ-FeRh and B2-FeRh nanoparticles were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruksan Nadarajah
- Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany; (R.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Shabbir Tahir
- Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany; (R.N.); (S.T.)
| | - Joachim Landers
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany; (J.L.); (A.S.S.); (J.W.); (D.U.); (R.M.); (H.W.); (M.F.)
| | - David Koch
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Technology, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany;
| | - Anna S. Semisalova
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany; (J.L.); (A.S.S.); (J.W.); (D.U.); (R.M.); (H.W.); (M.F.)
| | - Jonas Wiemeler
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany; (J.L.); (A.S.S.); (J.W.); (D.U.); (R.M.); (H.W.); (M.F.)
| | - Ayman El-Zoka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.E.-Z.); (S.-H.K.); (B.G.)
| | - Se-Ho Kim
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.E.-Z.); (S.-H.K.); (B.G.)
| | - Detlef Utzat
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany; (J.L.); (A.S.S.); (J.W.); (D.U.); (R.M.); (H.W.); (M.F.)
| | - Rolf Möller
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany; (J.L.); (A.S.S.); (J.W.); (D.U.); (R.M.); (H.W.); (M.F.)
| | - Baptiste Gault
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.E.-Z.); (S.-H.K.); (B.G.)
- Department of Materials, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Heiko Wende
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany; (J.L.); (A.S.S.); (J.W.); (D.U.); (R.M.); (H.W.); (M.F.)
| | - Michael Farle
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany; (J.L.); (A.S.S.); (J.W.); (D.U.); (R.M.); (H.W.); (M.F.)
| | - Bilal Gökce
- Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 7, 45141 Essen, Germany; (R.N.); (S.T.)
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25
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Edelthalhammer KF, Dasler D, Jurkiewicz L, Nagel T, Al‐Fogra S, Hauke F, Hirsch A. Covalent 2D-Engineering of Graphene by Spatially Resolved Laser Writing/Reading/Erasing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23329-23334. [PMID: 32808699 PMCID: PMC7756404 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We report a facile and efficient method for the covalent 2D‐patterning of monolayer graphene via laser irradiation. We utilized the photo‐cleavage of dibenzoylperoxide (DBPO) and optimized the subsequent radical additions to non‐activated graphene up to that level where controlled covalent 2D‐patterning of graphene initiated by spatially resolved laser writing is possible. The covalent 2D‐functionalization of graphene, which is monitored by scanning Raman microscopy (SRM) is completely reversible. This new concept enables write/read/erase control over the covalent chemical information stored on the graphene surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Felix Edelthalhammer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Daniela Dasler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Lisa Jurkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Tamara Nagel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Sabrin Al‐Fogra
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Frank Hauke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 1091058ErlangenGermany
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26
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Paing HW, Bryant TJ, Quarles CD, Marcus RK. Coupling of Laser Ablation and the Liquid Sampling-Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge Plasma for Simultaneous, Comprehensive Mapping: Elemental, Molecular, and Spatial Analysis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12622-12629. [PMID: 32856899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The spatial distributions of elemental and molecular species are vital pieces of information for a broad number of applications such as material development and bio/environmental analysis. There is currently no single analytical method that can simultaneously acquire elemental, molecular, and spatial information from a single sample. This paper presents the coupling of an NWR213 laser ablation (LA) system to the liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS-APGD) microplasma for combined atomic and molecular (CAM) analysis. The work demonstrates a fundamental balance that must be considered between the extent of fragmentation of molecules and ionization of atoms for CAM analysis. Detailed studies showed that the interelectrode gap to be a critical parameter for controlling the ionization efficiency of atomic and molecular species. Utilizing Design-of-Experiment (DoE) procedures, the discharge current was also found to be a significant parameter to control. Elemental lead, caffeine, and simultaneous lead and caffeine analysis via LA-LS-APGD-MS was made possible through improved understanding of the influence of plasma parameters on the product mass spectra of laser-ablated particles. Finally, a chemical map of elemental lead and molecular caffeine, from lead nitrate and caffeine residues, was generated, demonstrating the comprehensive mapping capabilities of LA-LS-APGD-MS. The practical relevance of the capabilities is demonstrated by mapping glutamic acid from a cryosectioned chicken breast with a thallium spike deposited within the tissue. It is believed that the LA-LS-APGD-MS could be a valuable methodology for the simultaneous mapping of elemental and molecular species from a variety of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Htoo W Paing
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Tyler J Bryant
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - C Derrick Quarles
- Elemental Scientific, Inc., 7277 World Communications Dr., Omaha, Nebraska 68122, United States
| | - R Kenneth Marcus
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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