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Liu L, Gong J, Jiang G, Wang J. Anion-π + AIEgens for Fluorescence Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400378. [PMID: 38418406 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted extensive attention due to its potential of real-time monitoring the lesion locations and visualizing the treatment process with high sensitivity and resolution. Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) show enhanced fluorescence and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation after cellular uptake, giving them significant advantages in bioimaging and PDT applications. However, most AIEgens are unfavorable for the application in organisms due to their severe hydrophobicity. Anion-π+ type AIEgens carry intrinsic charges that can effectively alleviate their hydrophobicity and improve their binding capability to cells, which is expected to enhance the bioimaging quality and PDT performance. This concept summarizes the applications of anion-π+ type AIEgens in fluorescence imaging, fluorescence imaging-guided photodynamic anticancer and antimicrobial therapy in recent years, hoping to provide some new ideas for the construction of robust photosensitizers. Finally, the current problems and future challenges of anion-π+ AIEgens are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Jianye Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Guoyu Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
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2
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Lin X, Jia S, Ye H, He P, You L. Neighboring Effects of Sulfur Oxidation State on Dynamic Covalent Bonds and Assemblies. Org Lett 2024; 26:3640-3645. [PMID: 38635892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The impact of a varied sulfur oxidation state (sulfide, sulfoxide, and sulfone) on imine dynamic covalent chemistry is presented. The role of noncovalent interactions, including chalcogen bonds and CH hydrogen bonds, on aldehyde/imine structures and imine exchange reactions was elucidated through experimental and computational evidence. The change in the sulfur oxidation state and diamine linkage further allowed the regulation of imine macrocycles, providing a platform for controlling molecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuaipeng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Peng He
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Gutiérrez López MÁ, Tan ML, Renno G, Jozeliūnaitė A, Nué-Martinez JJ, Lopez-Andarias J, Sakai N, Matile S. Anion-π catalysis on carbon allotropes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1881-1894. [PMID: 38116243 PMCID: PMC10729121 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Anion-π catalysis, introduced in 2013, stands for the stabilization of anionic transition states on π-acidic aromatic surfaces. Anion-π catalysis on carbon allotropes is particularly attractive because high polarizability promises access to really strong anion-π interactions. With these expectations, anion-π catalysis on fullerenes has been introduced in 2017, followed by carbon nanotubes in 2019. Consistent with expectations from theory, anion-π catalysis on carbon allotropes generally increases with polarizability. Realized examples reach from enolate addition chemistry to asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions and autocatalytic ether cyclizations. Currently, anion-π catalysis on carbon allotropes gains momentum because the combination with electric-field-assisted catalysis promises transformative impact on organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mei-Ling Tan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Renno
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Liu L, Li C, Gong J, Zhang Y, Ji W, Feng L, Jiang G, Wang J, Tang BZ. A Highly Water-Soluble Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogen with Anion-π + Interactions for Targeted NIR Imaging of Cancer Cells and Type I Photodynamic Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307776. [PMID: 37358791 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The low oxygen dependence of type I photosensitizers (PSs) has made them a popular choice for treating solid tumors. However, the drawbacks of poor water solubility, short emission wavelength, poor stability, and inability to distinguish cancer cells from normal cells limit the application of most type I PSs in clinical therapy. Thereby, developing novel type I PSs for overcoming these problems is an urgent but challenging task. Herein, by utilizing the distinctive structural characteristics of anion-π+ interactions, a highly water-soluble type I PS (DPBC-Br) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristic and near-infrared (NIR) emission is fabricated for the first time. DPBC-Br displays remarkable water solubility (7.3 mM) and outstanding photobleaching resistance, enabling efficient and precise differentiation between tumor cells and normal cells in a wash-free and long-term tracking manner via NIR-I imaging. Additionally, the superior type I reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by DPBC-Br provide both specific killing of cancer cells in vitro and inhibition of tumor growth in vivo, with negligible systemic toxicity. This study rationally constructs a highly water-soluble type I PS, which has higher reliability and controllability compared with conventional nanoparticle formulating procedures, offering great potential for clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Chunbin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Jianye Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Lina Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Guoyu Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
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5
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Guo SY, Zhang ZA, Tong S, Guo QH, Hua R, Wang MX. Tetrahomo corona[4]arene-based spirophanes: synthesis, structure, and properties. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8393-8400. [PMID: 37564407 PMCID: PMC10411623 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02417b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to a plethora of macrocyclic and cage compounds, spirophanes have remained largely unexplored. We report herein the construction, structure and properties of unprecedented tetrahomo corona[4]arene-based ditopic and tritopic macrocycles of spiro structures. Synthesis was conveniently achieved by means of an efficient SNAr reaction from simple and commercially available starting materials. Racemic samples were resolved into enantiopure chiral tetrahomo i-corona[4]arenes, spirophanes and bispirophanes which show interesting chiroptical properties. The acquired electron-deficient macrocyclic compounds were found to adopt unique conformational structures and to form distinct complexes with TTF in the solid state. Our study provides a new opportunity to develop multitopic macrocycles of different topologies which have potential applications in supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Yi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Zhuo-Ang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Shuo Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Qing-Hui Guo
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Ruimao Hua
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Mei-Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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6
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Cheng L, Zeng F, Wang X. Study on the Complexation Properties of Promellitic Diimide- Extended Pillar[6]aren and Carboxylate Guests. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202206018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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7
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Zeng F, Cheng L, Ou GC, Tang LL, Ding MH. Pyromellitic Diimide-Extended Pillar[6]arene: Synthesis, Structure, and Its Complexation with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3863-3867. [PMID: 35171603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel pyromellitic diimide-extended pillar[6]arene was synthesized in two steps with moderate yield for the first time. It showed a symmetrical stretched hexagon structure and could form 1:2 complexes with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in solution. Interestingly, a linear supramolecular array between complex 1@G42 and pyrene through π···π stacking interactions was also observed in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zeng
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Guang-Chuan Ou
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Lin-Li Tang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Man-Hua Ding
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
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8
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Macreadie LK, Gilchrist AM, McNaughton DA, Ryder WG, Fares M, Gale PA. Progress in anion receptor chemistry. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Zeng Q, Long Q, Lu J, Wang L, You Y, Yuan X, Zhang Q, Ge Q, Cong H, Liu M. Synthesis of a novel aminobenzene-containing hemicucurbituril and its fluorescence spectral properties with ions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2840-2847. [PMID: 34956406 PMCID: PMC8685562 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel hemicucurbituril-based macrocycle, alternately consisting of amidobenzene and 2-imidazolidione moieties was designed and synthesized. Based on the fragment coupling strategy, nitrobenzene-containing hemicucurbituril was firstly prepared facilely under alkaline environment, and reduction of the nitro groups produced the desired amidobenzene-containing hemicucurbituril. As an original fluorescent chemosensor, it exhibited strong interactions with Fe3+ over other metal cations. The experimental evidence of fluorescence spectra suggested that a 1:1 complex was formed between this macrocycle and Fe3+ with an association constant up to (2.1 ± 0.3) × 104 M−1. Meanwhile, this macrocycle showed no obvious or only slight enhancement of the fluorescence intensity with selected anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkai Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Qiumeng Long
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Jihong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Yuting You
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Qianjun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Qingmei Ge
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Hang Cong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
| | - Mao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, PR China
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10
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Santos T, Rivero DS, Pérez‐Pérez Y, Martín‐Encinas E, Pasán J, Daranas AH, Carrillo R. Dynamic Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Tetrazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18783-18791. [PMID: 34085747 PMCID: PMC8457238 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A dynamic nucleophilic aromatic substitution of tetrazines (SN Tz) is presented herein. It combines all the advantages of dynamic covalent chemistry with the versatility of the tetrazine moiety. Indeed, libraries of compounds or sophisticated molecular structures can be easily obtained, which are susceptible to post-functionalization by inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction, which also locks the exchange. Additionally, the structures obtained can be disassembled upon the application of the right stimulus, either UV irradiation or a suitable chemical reagent. Moreover, SN Tz is compatible with the imine chemistry of anilines. The high potential of this methodology has been proved by building two responsive supramolecular systems: A macrocycle that displays a light-induced release of acetylcholine; and a truncated [4+6] tetrahedral shape-persistent fluorescent cage, which is disassembled by thiols unless it is post-stabilized by IEDDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanausú Santos
- Functional Molecular Systems GroupInstituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC)Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 338206La LagunaSpain
| | - David S. Rivero
- Functional Molecular Systems GroupInstituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC)Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 338206La LagunaSpain
| | - Yaiza Pérez‐Pérez
- Functional Molecular Systems GroupInstituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC)Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 338206La LagunaSpain
| | - Endika Martín‐Encinas
- Functional Molecular Systems GroupInstituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC)Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 338206La LagunaSpain
| | - Jorge Pasán
- Laboratorio de Materiales para Análisis Químicos (MAT4LL)Departamento de FísicaUniversidad de La Laguna (ULL)38206La LagunaTenerifeSpain
| | - Antonio Hernández Daranas
- Functional Molecular Systems GroupInstituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC)Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 338206La LagunaSpain
| | - Romen Carrillo
- Functional Molecular Systems GroupInstituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC)Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 338206La LagunaSpain
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11
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Santos T, Rivero DS, Pérez‐Pérez Y, Martín‐Encinas E, Pasán J, Daranas AH, Carrillo R. Dynamic Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Tetrazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanausú Santos
- Functional Molecular Systems Group Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC) Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3 38206 La Laguna Spain
| | - David S. Rivero
- Functional Molecular Systems Group Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC) Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3 38206 La Laguna Spain
| | - Yaiza Pérez‐Pérez
- Functional Molecular Systems Group Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC) Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3 38206 La Laguna Spain
| | - Endika Martín‐Encinas
- Functional Molecular Systems Group Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC) Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3 38206 La Laguna Spain
| | - Jorge Pasán
- Laboratorio de Materiales para Análisis Químicos (MAT4LL) Departamento de Física Universidad de La Laguna (ULL) 38206 La Laguna Tenerife Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández Daranas
- Functional Molecular Systems Group Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC) Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3 38206 La Laguna Spain
| | - Romen Carrillo
- Functional Molecular Systems Group Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC) Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3 38206 La Laguna Spain
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12
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Yang HH, Liu PP, Hu JP, Fang H, Lin Q, Hong Y, Zhang YM, Qu WJ, Wei TB. A fluorescent supramolecular gel and its application in the ultrasensitive detection of CN - by anion-π interactions. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:9876-9881. [PMID: 33006593 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01392g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular gels have been widely reported on account of their unique superiority and application prospects. In this work, we constructed a novel supramolecular gel (HD-G) by using hydroxy-naphthaldehyde decorated with naphthalimide in DMSO solution, which exhibited excellent selectivity and ultrasensitive sensing properties toward CN- (the lowest detection limit is 1.82 × 10-10 M). The sensing mechanism of this supramolecular gel takes advantage of π-π stacking interactions and anion-π interactions, which is different from the other familiar methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Hang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, Research Center of Gansu Military and Civilian Integration Advanced Structural Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Anning East Road 967, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China.
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13
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Zhuang S, Cheng Y, Zhang Q, Tong S, Wang M. Synthesis of
i
‐Corona[6]arenes for Selective Anion Binding: Interdependent and Synergistic Anion–π and Hydrogen‐Bond Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng‐Yi Zhuang
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Ying Cheng
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Shuo Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Mei‐Xiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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14
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Zhuang S, Cheng Y, Zhang Q, Tong S, Wang M. Synthesis of
i
‐Corona[6]arenes for Selective Anion Binding: Interdependent and Synergistic Anion–π and Hydrogen‐Bond Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23716-23723. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng‐Yi Zhuang
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Ying Cheng
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Shuo Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Mei‐Xiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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15
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Wang DX, Wang MX. Exploring Anion-π Interactions and Their Applications in Supramolecular Chemistry. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1364-1380. [PMID: 32559061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Noncovalent bond interactions provide primary driving forces for supramolecular processes ranging from molecular recognition to self-assembly of sophisticated abiotic and biological machineries. While hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions are arguably textbook concepts playing indispensable parts in various scientific disciplines, noncovalent anion-π interactions have been emerging as attractive forces between π systems and negatively charged species for just about two decades. At the beginning of this century, three research groups reported independently their computational studies on the interactions between anions and aromatic compounds, proposing attractive anion-π interactions. Since π systems such as aromatic rings are traditionally noted as electron rich entities, anions and π systems would be repulsive to each other if there are any interactions. In stark contrast to the acknowledged cation-π interactions, the seemingly counterintuitive noncovalent anion-π bindings invoked great interest in the following years. Although a plethora of calculations had been published, the lack of experimental evidence cast doubt on the existence of anion-π interactions between anions and charge-neutral aromatic systems.During the same time when anion-π interactions were coined, we were studying the chemistry of novel macrocyclic compounds, namely, heteracalixaromatics, and their applications in supramolecular chemistry. It has been shown that heteracalixaromatics are powerful and versatile macrocyclic hosts to bind various guest species forming interesting assembled structures and organometallic complexes. Being a member of heteracalixaromatics, tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]triaizne adopts a 1,3-alternate conformational structure yielding a V-shaped cavity or cleft formed by two electron-deficient triazine rings. Advantageously, the macrocycle is able to self-tune the cavity sizes by altering the degrees of conjugation between the bridging oxygen atoms with their bonded aromatic rings in response to the guest species in present, rendering it an ideal tool to explore anion-π interactions. We initiated our study on anion-π interactions using tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]triazine as a molecular tool with the primary aim to clarify experimentally the uncertainty of whether exclusive anion-π interactions exist between anions and charge-neutral aromatic rings. We provided for the first time concrete evidence substantiating the formation of typical anion-π interaction between the anions and 1,3,5-triazine ring and demonstrated subsequently the generality and binding motifs of anion-π interactions. We have then extended our study to anion-π interaction-directed or -driven anion recognition and selective sensing, transmembrane anion transport, molecular self-assembly, and stimuli-responsive aggregation systems. A number of new generation macrocycles and cages constructed from electron-deficient tetrazine and benzenetriimide segments have also been developed in the meantime, advancing the study of anion-π interactions. This Account summarizes our endeavors to explore nascent anion-π interactions and their applications in supramolecular chemistry. We hope this Account will inspire scientists from various disciplines to explore all aspects of the nascent yet fruitful research area of anion-π interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Xian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Mei-Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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