1
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Marandi P, Saini D, Arora K, Garg R, Sarkar U, Parida K, Mandal D, Neelakandan PP. Flexible Organic Molecular Single Crystal-Based Triboelectric Device as a Self-Powered Tactile Sensor. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:26178-26186. [PMID: 39279457 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have proven to be effective at converting mechanical energy into electrical power, making them a viable technology for operating self-powered electronic devices used in medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. In the present study, we demonstrate the utility of the flexible single crystals of an organic compound for the fabrication of a TENG as a self-powered tactile sensor. Triboelectrification was attained in single crystals as a result of surface functionalization with positively and negatively charged moieties, viz. Zn2+ and F-, respectively, which resulted in a variable surface potential and reversible adhesion through electrostatic interaction and induction phenomena. TENG incorporating the single crystals showed an output voltage of 2.4 V, a current density of ∼2.2 μA/m2, and a power density of ∼850 mW/m2 and was capable of charging commercial capacitors thereby ensuring its ability to be used as a self-powered touch sensor. Capitalizing on these features, a self-powered tactile sensor was fabricated to demonstrate limb movements. The excellent mechano-electric sensitivity (∼102 mV/kPa until 6 kPa range) and response time (∼38 ms) establish the viability of flexible organic single crystals for mechanical energy harvesting and biosensing applications that could pave the way for their utilization as biomedical wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvati Marandi
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Dalip Saini
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Kiran Arora
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Romy Garg
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Utsa Sarkar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Kaushik Parida
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dipankar Mandal
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Prakash P Neelakandan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
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2
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Ranjan S, Kumar AV, Chandrasekar R, Takamizawa S. Spatially controllable and mechanically switchable isomorphous organoferroeleastic crystal optical waveguides and networks. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7478. [PMID: 39209836 PMCID: PMC11362157 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51504-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The precise, reversible, and diffusionless shape-switching ability of organic ferroelastic crystals, while maintaining their structural integrity, positions them as promising materials for next-generation hybrid photonic devices. Herein, we present versatile bi-directional ferroelasticity and optical waveguide properties of three isomorphous, halogen-based, Schiff base organic crystals. These crystals exhibit sharp bending at multiple interfaces driven by molecular movement around the CH = N bond and subsequent 180° rotational twinning, offering controlled light path manipulation. The ferroelastic nature of these crystals allowed the construction of robust hybrid photonic structures, including Z-shaped configurations, closed-loop networks, and staircase-like hybrid optical waveguides. This study highlights the potential of shape-switchable organoferroelastic crystals as waveguides for applications in programmable photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Ranjan
- Department of Materials System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0027, Japan
| | - Avulu Vinod Kumar
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Nanotechnology, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Rajadurai Chandrasekar
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Nanotechnology, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046, Telangana, India.
| | - Satoshi Takamizawa
- Department of Materials System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0027, Japan.
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3
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Wei C, Li L, Zheng Y, Wang L, Ma J, Xu M, Lin J, Xie L, Naumov P, Ding X, Feng Q, Huang W. Flexible molecular crystals for optoelectronic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3687-3713. [PMID: 38411997 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00116d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The cornerstones of the advancement of flexible optoelectronics are the design, preparation, and utilization of novel materials with favorable mechanical and advanced optoelectronic properties. Molecular crystalline materials have emerged as a class of underexplored yet promising materials due to the reduced grain boundaries and defects anticipated to provide enhanced photoelectric characteristics. An inherent drawback that has precluded wider implementation of molecular crystals thus far, however, has been their brittleness, which renders them incapable of ensuring mechanical compliance required for even simple elastic or plastic deformation of the device. It is perplexing that despite a plethora of reports that have in the meantime become available underpinning the flexibility of molecular crystals, the "discovery" of elastically or plastically deformable crystals remains limited to cases of serendipitous and laborious trial-and-error approaches, a situation that calls for a systematic and thorough assessment of these properties and their correlation with the structure. This review provides a comprehensive and concise overview of the current understanding of the origins of crystal flexibility, the working mechanisms of deformations such as plastic and elastic bending behaviors, and insights into the examples of flexible molecular crystals, specifically concerning photoelectronic changes that occur in deformed crystals. We hope this summary will provide a reference for future experimental and computational efforts with flexible molecular crystals aimed towards improving their mechanical behavior and optoelectronic properties, ultimately intending to advance the flexible optoelectronic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Liang Li
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Jingyao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Linghai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
- School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE) and Henan Institute of Flexible Electronics (HIFE), Henan University, 379 Mingli Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Center for Smart Engineering Materials, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Research Center for Environment and Materials, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bul. Krste Misirkov 2, Skopje MK-1000, Macedonia
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Xuehua Ding
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Quanyou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
- School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE) and Henan Institute of Flexible Electronics (HIFE), Henan University, 379 Mingli Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
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4
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Davies DW, Seo B, Park SK, Shiring SB, Chung H, Kafle P, Yuan D, Strzalka JW, Weber R, Zhu X, Savoie BM, Diao Y. Unraveling two distinct polymorph transition mechanisms in one n-type single crystal for dynamic electronics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1304. [PMID: 36944642 PMCID: PMC10030468 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36871-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cooperativity is used by living systems to circumvent energetic and entropic barriers to yield highly efficient molecular processes. Cooperative structural transitions involve the concerted displacement of molecules in a crystalline material, as opposed to typical molecule-by-molecule nucleation and growth mechanisms which often break single crystallinity. Cooperative transitions have acquired much attention for low transition barriers, ultrafast kinetics, and structural reversibility. However, cooperative transitions are rare in molecular crystals and their origin is poorly understood. Crystals of 2-dimensional quinoidal terthiophene (2DQTT-o-B), a high-performance n-type organic semiconductor, demonstrate two distinct thermally activated phase transitions following these mechanisms. Here we show reorientation of the alkyl side chains triggers cooperative behavior, tilting the molecules like dominos. Whereas, nucleation and growth transition is coincident with increasing alkyl chain disorder and driven by forming a biradical state. We establish alkyl chain engineering as integral to rationally controlling these polymorphic behaviors for novel electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel William Davies
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Bumjoon Seo
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 W Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Joellabuk-do, 55324, South Korea
| | - Stephen B Shiring
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 W Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Hyunjoong Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Prapti Kafle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Dafei Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Joseph W Strzalka
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ralph Weber
- Bruker BioSpin Corp., 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Brett M Savoie
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 W Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N. Mathews Ave. M/C 251, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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5
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Li YX, Liu ZK, Cao J, Tao J, Yao ZS. Stress-Induced Inversion of Linear Dichroism by 4,4'-Bipyridine Rotation in a Superelastic Organic Single Crystal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217977. [PMID: 36647773 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The molecular crystals that manifest unusual mechanical properties have attracted growing attention. Herein, we prepared an organic single crystal that shows bidirectional superelastic transformation in response to shear stress. Single-crystal X-ray diffractions revealed this crystal-twinning related shape change is owed to a stress-controlled 90° rotation of 4,4'-bipyridine around the hydrogen bonds of a chiral organic trimer. As a consequence of the 90° shift in the aromatic plane, an interconversion of crystallographic a-, b-axes (a→b' and b→a') was detected. The molecular rotations changed the anisotropic absorption of linearly polarized light. Therefore, a stress-induced inversion of linear dichroism spectra was demonstrated for the first time. This study reveals the superior mechanical flexibilities of single crystals can be realized by harnessing the molecular rotations and this superelastic crystal may find applications in optical switching and communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jie Cao
- School of Optoelectronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jun Tao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Shuo Yao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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6
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Hierarchical structures, surface morphology and mechanical elasticity of lamellar crystals dominated by halogen effects. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Feng C, Seki T, Sakamoto S, Sasaki T, Takamizawa S, Ito H. Mechanical deformation and multiple thermal restoration of organic crystals: reversible multi-stage shape-changing effect with luminescence-color changes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9544-9551. [PMID: 36091904 PMCID: PMC9400677 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03414j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Shape-memory materials can be mechanically deformed and subsequently reverse the deformation upon changing the temperature. Shape-memory materials have attracted considerable attention for basic research and industrial applications, and polymer and alloy shape-memory materials have been well studied; however, it is formidably challenging to develop functional shape-memory materials, such as materials with multi-stage and anisotropic shape changes and shape changes accompanied by changes in color and light emission. Here, we found a reversible multi-stage shape-changing effect after mechanical deformation in a molecular crystal induced by multi-step thermal phase transitions with reversible shape changes and luminescence-color changes. Using single-crystal structure and thermal analyses as well as mechanical property measurements, we found that the reversible multi-stage shape-changing effect was achieved by a combination of a twinning deformation and multi-step thermal phase transitions. The changes in the crystal shape and luminescence suggest novel strategies for imparting known shape-memory materials with additional functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Feng
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Seki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University Shizuoka 422-8017 Japan
| | - Shunichi Sakamoto
- Department of Materials System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 236-0027 Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Materials System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 236-0027 Japan
| | - Satoshi Takamizawa
- Department of Materials System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 236-0027 Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
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8
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Chinnasamy R, Ravi J, Vinay Pradeep V, Manoharan D, Emmerling F, Bhattacharya B, Ghosh S, Chandrasekar R. Adaptable Optical Microwaveguides From Mechanically Flexible Crystalline Materials. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200905. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jada Ravi
- Advanced Organic Photonic Materials and Technology Laboratory School of Chemistry and Centre for Nanotechnology University of Hyderabad Gachibowli Hyderabad 500046 India
| | - Vuppu Vinay Pradeep
- Advanced Organic Photonic Materials and Technology Laboratory School of Chemistry and Centre for Nanotechnology University of Hyderabad Gachibowli Hyderabad 500046 India
| | - Deepak Manoharan
- Department of Chemistry SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai 603 203 India
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Biswajit Bhattacharya
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Soumyajit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai 603 203 India
| | - Rajadurai Chandrasekar
- Advanced Organic Photonic Materials and Technology Laboratory School of Chemistry and Centre for Nanotechnology University of Hyderabad Gachibowli Hyderabad 500046 India
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9
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Intercalation-driven ferroelectric-to-ferroelastic conversion in a layered hybrid perovskite crystal. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3104. [PMID: 35662239 PMCID: PMC9166815 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted intense interests due to their quantum well structure and tunable excitonic properties. As an alternative to the well-studied divalent metal hybrid perovskite based on Pb2+, Sn2+ and Cu2+, the trivalent metal-based (eg. Sb3+ with ns2 outer-shell electronic configuration) hybrid perovskite with the A3M2X9 formula (A = monovalent cations, M = trivalent metal, X = halide) offer intriguing possibilities for engineering ferroic properties. Here, we synthesized 2D ferroelectric hybrid perovskite (TMA)3Sb2Cl9 with measurable in-plane and out-of-plane polarization. Interestingly, (TMA)3Sb2Cl9 can be intercalated with FeCl4 ions to form a ferroelastic and piezoelectric single crystal, (TMA)4-Fe(iii)Cl4-Sb2Cl9. Density functional theory calculations were carried out to investigate the unusual mechanism of ferroelectric-ferroelastic crossover in these crystals.
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10
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Xu Q, Ye L, Liao R, An Z, Wang C, Miao L, Shi C, Ye H, Zhang Y. H/F Substitution Induced Large Increase of
T
c
in a 3D Hybrid Rare‐Earth Double Perovskite Multifunctional Compound. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103913. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Chaotic Matter Science Research Center
| | - Le Ye
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Chaotic Matter Science Research Center
| | - Rong‐Meng Liao
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Chaotic Matter Science Research Center
| | - Zhen An
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Chaotic Matter Science Research Center
| | - Chang‐Feng Wang
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Chaotic Matter Science Research Center
| | - Le‐Ping Miao
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Chaotic Matter Science Research Center
| | - Chao Shi
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Chaotic Matter Science Research Center
| | - Heng‐Yun Ye
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Chaotic Matter Science Research Center
| | - Yi Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Chaotic Matter Science Research Center
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11
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Sugimoto A, Kusumoto S, Nakaya M, Sekine Y, Lindoy LF, Hayami S. Modulation of the elasticity of single crystal, 1-D metal dimethylglyoximato complexes via solid solution effect. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00402j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Novel elastic crystals with metal complexes are reported. The flexibility of solid solution crystals of the complexes varies with the proportion of metal ions present in the crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sugimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Sotaro Kusumoto
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Manabu Nakaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sekine
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Leonard F. Lindoy
- School of Chemistry F11, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials (IINa), Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- International Research Center for Agricultural and Environmental Biology (IRCAEB), Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
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12
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Abstract
Ferroic phase transition molecular crystals (FPTMCs), i.e., ferroelectrics and ferroelastics, are an important family of functional molecular materials, having merits of easy synthesis, structural tunability and flexibility, and biocompatibility. Both...
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13
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Sasaki T. Mechanical twinning in organic crystals. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00089j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Various kinds of organic crystals can deform beyond their elastic limit, show unique mechanical properties, and switch directions of anisotropic functions by mechanical twinning based on stress-induced molecular movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Materials System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
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14
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Karothu DP, Dushaq G, Ahmed E, Catalano L, Rasras M, Naumov P. Multifunctional Deformable Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26151-26157. [PMID: 34570413 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report the first organic semiconductor crystal with a unique combination of properties that can be used as a multifunctional optoelectronic device. Mechanically flexible single crystals of 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene (BPEA) can function as a phototransistor, photoswitch, and an optical waveguide. The material can exist as two structurally different solid phases, with single crystals of one of the phases being elastic at room temperature while those of the other are brittle and become plastic at higher temperature. The output and transfer characteristics of the devices were characterized by measuring the generation and temporal response of the switching of the photogenerated current. The current-voltage characteristics of both phases exhibit linearity and symmetry about the positive and negative voltages. The crystals transmit light in the telecommunications range with significantly low optical loss for an organic crystalline material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Prasad Karothu
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ghada Dushaq
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ejaz Ahmed
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Luca Catalano
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mahmoud Rasras
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
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15
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Karothu DP, Dushaq G, Ahmed E, Catalano L, Rasras M, Naumov P. Multifunctional Deformable Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghada Dushaq
- Division of Engineering New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Ejaz Ahmed
- Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Luca Catalano
- Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Mahmoud Rasras
- Division of Engineering New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
- Molecular Design Institute Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
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16
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PolyChemPrint
: A hardware and software framework for benchtop additive manufacturing of functional polymeric materials. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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17
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Commins P, Dippenaar AB, Li L, Hara H, Haynes DA, Naumov P. Mechanically compliant single crystals of a stable organic radical. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6188-6193. [PMID: 33996017 PMCID: PMC8098752 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01246k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanically compliant organic crystals are the foundation of the development of future flexible, light-weight single-crystal electronics, and this requires reversibly deformable crystalline organic materials with permanent magnetism. Here, we report and characterize the first instance of a plastically bendable single crystal of a permanent organic radical, 4-(4'-cyano-2',3',4',5'-tetrafluorophenyl)-1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl. The weak interactions between the radicals render single crystals of the β phase of this material exceedingly soft, and the S-N interactions facilitate plastic bending. EPR imaging of a bent single crystal reveals the effect of deformation on the three-dimensional spin density of the crystal. The unusual mechanical compliance of this material opens prospects for exploration into flexible crystals of other stable organic radicals towards the development of flexible light-weight organic magnetoresistance devices based on weak, non-hydrogen-bonded interactions in molecular crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Commins
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - A Bernard Dippenaar
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University P. Bag X1 Matieland 7602 Republic of South Africa
| | - Liang Li
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Hideyuki Hara
- Bruker K.K. 3-9, Moriya, Kanagawa Yokohama Kanagawa 221-0022 Japan
| | - Delia A Haynes
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University P. Bag X1 Matieland 7602 Republic of South Africa
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
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18
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Mechanically robust amino acid crystals as fiber-optic transducers and wide bandpass filters for optical communication in the near-infrared. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1326. [PMID: 33637707 PMCID: PMC7910442 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic crystals are emerging as mechanically compliant, light-weight and chemically versatile alternatives to the commonly used silica and polymer waveguides. However, the previously reported organic crystals were shown to be able to transmit visible light, whereas actual implementation in telecommunication devices requires transparency in the near-infrared spectral range. Here we demonstrate that single crystals of the amino acid L-threonine could be used as optical waveguides and filters with high mechanical and thermal robustness for transduction of signals in the telecommunications range. On their (00\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\bar 1$$\end{document}1¯) face, crystals of this material have an extraordinarily high Young’s modulus (40.95 ± 1.03 GPa) and hardness (1.98 ± 0.11 GPa) for an organic crystal. First-principles density functional theory calculations, used in conjunction with analysis of the energy frameworks to correlate the structure with the anisotropy in the Young’s modulus, showed that the high stiffness arises as a consequence of the strong charge-assisted hydrogen bonds between the zwitterions. The crystals have low optical loss in the O, E, S and C bands of the spectrum (1250−1600 nm), while they effectively block infrared light below 1200 nm. This property favors these and possibly other related organic crystals as all-organic fiber-optic waveguides and filters for transduction of information. Fiber-optics based on organic crystals could have potential for unique telecommunications applications but typically transmit visible wavelengths. Here the authors present mechanically robust organic crystals with favourable optical properties across the main telecommunication bands in the near-infrared.
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19
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Miao LP, Chu LL, Han XB, Liang BD, Chai CY, Fan CC, Wang XX, Yao YF, Zhang W. A ferroelastic molecular rotor crystal showing inverse temperature symmetry breaking. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00309g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A molecular rotor crystal shows a ferroelastic phase transition with unique inverse temperature symmetry breaking which is a result of concerted molecular movement triggered by anisotropic steric repulsion among adjacent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Ping Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Lin-Lin Chu
- Department of Physics & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Xiang-Bin Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Bei-Dou Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Chao-Yang Chai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Chang-Chun Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Xiao-Xu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cloud Computing Key Technology and Application
- Beijing Computing Center
- Beijing Academy of Science and Technology
- Beijing 100094
- China
| | - Ye-Feng Yao
- Department of Physics & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance
- School of Physics and Materials Science
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
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20
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Sasaki T, Ranjan S, Takamizawa S. A photoluminescent organosuperelastic crystal of 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00359c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A unique mechanical property of superelasticity is observed not only in so-called shape-memory alloys but also in molecular crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Materials System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Subham Ranjan
- Department of Materials System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takamizawa
- Department of Materials System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
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21
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Seki T, Hoshino N, Suzuki Y, Hayashi S. Functional flexible molecular crystals: intrinsic and mechanoresponsive properties. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00388g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flexible molecular crystals have attracted much attention to unique optoelectronic applications and stimuli-responsive chemistry, resulting in various functional molecular crystals for controlling photons, phonons, electrons, and magnons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Seki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Norihisa Hoshino
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, 753-8512, Japan
| | - Shotaro Hayashi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Tosayamada Miyanokuchi, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
- Research Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University of Technology, Japan
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22
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Park SK, Diao Y. Martensitic transition in molecular crystals for dynamic functional materials. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8287-8314. [PMID: 33021272 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00638f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular martensitic materials are an emerging class of smart materials with enormous tunability in physicochemical properties, attributed to the tailored molecular and crystal structures through molecular design. This class of materials exhibits ultrafast and reversible structural transitions in response to thermal and mechanical stimuli, which underlies fascinating properties such as thermoelasticity, superelasticity, ferroelasticity, and shape memory effect. These dynamic properties are not widely explored in molecular crystals and therefore molecular martensitic materials represent a new frontier in the field of solid-state chemistry. In martensitic transitions, the materials not only exhibit substantial shape changes but also remember the functions in the associated polymorphic phases. This suggests promising applicability towards light-weight actuators, lifts, dampers, sensors, shape-/function-memory and ultraflexible optoelectronic devices. In this article, we review characteristics, detailed transition mechanisms, and potential applications of molecular martensitic materials. In particular, we aim to describe transition characteristics by collecting cases with similar transition principles in order to glean insights into further advancement of molecular martensitic materials. Overall, we believe that molecular martensitic materials are emerging as the next generation smart materials that have shown promise in advancing a wide range of domains of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Kyu Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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23
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Naumov P, Karothu DP, Ahmed E, Catalano L, Commins P, Mahmoud Halabi J, Al-Handawi MB, Li L. The Rise of the Dynamic Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13256-13272. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, 10 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | | | - Ejaz Ahmed
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Luca Catalano
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Patrick Commins
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jad Mahmoud Halabi
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Liang Li
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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