1
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Ren Y, Guan S, Qu X. Polymer-Protein Assemblies with Tunable Vesicular and Hierarchical Nanostructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317251. [PMID: 38189597 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The construction of variable structured multi-protein nano-assemblies is of great interest for the development of protein-based therapeutic systems. This study showcases the synthesis of polymer-protein assemblies with tunable structure like single- and multi-layer polymer-crosslinked protein vesicles, Janus protein vesicles and other hierarchical-structured assemblies by utilizing a dynamic template-assistant intermittent-assembly approach. The generalization of the methodology helps the protein assemblies to gain notable functional complexity. And we demonstrate compelling evidence highlighting the substantial impact of the topological morphology of protein nanoaggregates on their cellular uptake capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ren
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Shanyue Guan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaozhong Qu
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
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2
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Puthiyottil N, Palamparambil A, Kaladi Chondath S, Varanakkottu SN, Menamparambath MM. Interfacial Tension-Impelled Self-Assembly and Morphology Tuning of Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/Tellurium Nanocomposites at Various Liquid/Liquid Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37874771 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Compared to the enormous number of nanostructures that have been documented, the variety of nanostructures produced by organic polymerization is rather limited. We devised an unconventional route and a sustainable approach to distribute tellurium nanoparticles (Te NPs) in a poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) matrix to form semiconducting organic-inorganic nanocomposites for potential applications in electrochemical sensing. The adopted strategy of in situ liquid/liquid interface-assisted polymerization aids in the formation of intimately tethered Te NPs on the PEDOT polymer chains, thereby preventing the aggregation of Te NPs. The untapped versatility inherent to using biphasic systems for interfacial polymerization is explored at three interface systems of immiscible solvents: chloroform/water, dichloromethane/water, and hexane/water, giving rise to PEDOT/Te nanocomposite (PTeNC) of distinct morphology. Chemical nature, crystallinity, and morphology investigations proved the successful formation of PTeNC in different interface systems. Consequently, the temporal evolution of interfacial tension in the preferential adsorption of nanoparticles and final product morphology was monitored by pendant drop tensiometry. Owing to the role of morphology, PTeNC synthesized at the hexane/water interface showcased the best electrocatalytic behavior toward nonenzymatic detection of l-ascorbic acid, an essential nutritional factor, and a neuromodulator with a limit of detection of 0.66 μM and excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility. Hence, we envision that interface-assisted polymerization offers a nascent and robust strategy for encapsulating unusual electrode materials in polymeric matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesleena Puthiyottil
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala 673601, India
| | - Ananya Palamparambil
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala 673601, India
| | - Subin Kaladi Chondath
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala 673601, India
| | | | - Mini Mol Menamparambath
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala 673601, India
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3
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Xie G, Zhu S, Kim PY, Jiang S, Yi Q, Li P, Chu Z, Helms BA, Russell TP. Relaxing Wrinkles in Jammed Interfacial Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307713. [PMID: 37452006 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent bonding has emerged as a mean by which stresses in a network can be relaxed. Here, the strength of the bonding of ligands to nanoparticles at the interface between two immiscible liquids affect the same results in jammed assemblies of nanoparticle surfactants. Beyond a critical degree of overcrowding induced by the compression of jammed interfacial assemblies, the bonding of ligands to nanoparticles (NPs) can be broken, resulting in a desorption of the NPs from the interface. This reduces the areal density of nanoparticle surfactants at the interface, allowing the assemblies to relax, not to a fluid state but rather another jammed state. The relaxation of the wrinkles caused by the compression reflects the tendency of these assemblies to eliminate areas of high curvature, favoring a more planar geometry. This enabled the generation of giant vesicular and multivesicular structures from these assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Shipei Zhu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Paul Y Kim
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Shubao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Qinpiao Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Pei Li
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zonglin Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Brett A Helms
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
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4
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Seong HG, Fink Z, Chen Z, Emrick T, Russell TP. Bottlebrush Polymers at Liquid Interfaces: Assembly Dynamics, Mechanical Properties, and All-Liquid Printed Constructs. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37490585 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymer surfactants (BPSs), formed by the interfacial interactions between bottlebrush polymers (BPs) with poly(acrylic acid) side chains dissolved in an aqueous phase and amine-functionalized ligands dissolved in the oil phase, assemble and bind strongly to the fluid-fluid interface. The ratio between NBB (backbone degree of polymerization) and NSC (side chain degree of polymerization) defines the initial assembly kinetics, interface packing efficiency, and stress relaxation. The equilibrium interfacial tension (γ) increases when NBB < NSC, but decreases when NBB ≫ NSC, correlating to a pronounced change in the effective shape of the BPs from being spherical to worm-like structures. The apparent surface coverage (ASC), i.e., the interfacial packing efficiency, decreases as NBB increases. The dripping-to-jetting transition of an injected polymer solution, as well as fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments, revealed faster initial assembly kinetics for BPs with higher NBB. Euler buckling of BPS assemblies with different NBB values was used to characterize the stress relaxation behavior and bending modulus. The stress relaxation behavior was directly related to the ASC, reflecting the strong influence of macromolecular shape on packing efficiency. The bending modulus of BPSs decreases for NBB < NSC, but increased when NBB ≫ NSC, showing the effect of molecular architecture and multisite anchoring. All-liquid printed constructs with lower NBB BPs yielded more stable structured liquids, underscoring the importance of macromolecular packing efficiency at fluid interfaces. Overall, this work elucidates fundamental relationships between nanoscopic structures and macroscopic properties associated with various bottlebrush polymer architectures, which translate to the stabilization of all-fluidic printed constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gyu Seong
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Zachary Fink
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zhan Chen
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Todd Emrick
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, Conte Center for Polymer Research, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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5
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Yu Y, Lin R, Yu H, Liu M, Xing E, Wang W, Zhang F, Zhao D, Li X. Versatile synthesis of metal-compound based mesoporous Janus nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4249. [PMID: 37460612 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The construction of mesoporous Janus nanoparticles (mJNPs) with controllable components is of great significance for the development of sophisticated nanomaterials with synergistically enhanced functionalities and applications. However, the compositions of reported mJNPs are mainly the functionally inert SiO2 and polymers. The universal synthesis of metal-compound based mJNPs with abundant functionalities is urgently desired, but remains a substantial challenge. Herein, we present a hydrophilicity mediated interfacial selective assembly strategy for the versatile synthesis of metal-compound based mJNPs. Starting from the developed silica-based mJNPs with anisotropic dual-surface of hydrophilic SiO2 and hydrophobic organosilica, metal precursor can selectively deposit onto the hydrophilic SiO2 subunit to form the metal-compound based mJNPs. This method shows good universality and can be used for the synthesis of more than 20 kinds of metal-compound based mJNPs, including alkali-earth metal compounds, transition metal compounds, rare-earth metal compounds etc. Besides, the composition of the metal-compound subunit can be well tuned from single to multiple metal elements, even high-entropy complexes. We believe that the synthesis method and obtained new members of mJNPs provide a very broad platform for the construction and application of mJNPs with rational designed functions and structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Runfeng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hongyue Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Minchao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Enyun Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dongyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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6
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Yang S, Qin W, Zhao X, He F, Liu H, Zhou Q, Huang J, Yu G, Feng Y, Li J. Light-adjusted supramolecular host-guest interfacial recognition for reconfiguring soft colloidal aggregates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 645:580-590. [PMID: 37167908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The soft interfacial template-assisted confined self-assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) guiding colloidal aggregates has been extensively investigated by interfacial instability. Whether the macromolecular polymer architectonics possessed stimulus-responsive self-regulated structural controllability more readily implement the morphological diversity of colloidal aggregates. Herein, we in-situ constructed the alginate-modified β-cyclodextrin/azobenzene-functionalized alkyl chains (Alg-β-CD/AzoC12) system by supramolecular host-guest interfacial recognition-engineered strategy, in which possessed photo-stimulated responsive structural reconfigurability by modulating assembly/disassembly behaviors between CD and Azo at oil/water interface. The host-guest droplet interfaces acted as soft templates managing interfacial instability by synergistically integrating supra-amphiphilic host-guest polymers with cosurfactants, further constructing various soft supracolloidal aggregates, including soft nanoaggregates, microspheres with tunable degrees of surface roughness. Additionally, the stimuli-altering structural reconfigurability of supramolecular host-guest polymers was regulated by ultraviolet/visible irradiation, endowing soft aggregates with structural diversity. It's highly anticipated that the supramolecular host-guest interfacial recognition self-assembly establishes great bridge between supramolecular host-guest chemistry and colloid interface science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
| | - Wenqi Qin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
| | - Furui He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
| | - Haifang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
| | - Qichang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
| | - Junhao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
| | - Gaobo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yuhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China.
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China.
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7
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Liu M, Shang C, Zhao T, Yu H, Kou Y, Lv Z, Hou M, Zhang F, Li Q, Zhao D, Li X. Site-specific anisotropic assembly of amorphous mesoporous subunits on crystalline metal-organic framework. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1211. [PMID: 36869046 PMCID: PMC9984484 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important branch of anisotropic nanohybrids (ANHs) with multiple surfaces and functions, the porous ANHs (p-ANHs) have attracted extensive attentions because of the unique characteristics of high surface area, tunable pore structures and controllable framework compositions, etc. However, due to the large surface-chemistry and lattice mismatches between the crystalline and amorphous porous nanomaterials, the site-specific anisotropic assembly of amorphous subunits on crystalline host is challenging. Here, we report a selective occupation strategy to achieve site-specific anisotropic growth of amorphous mesoporous subunits on crystalline metal-organic framework (MOF). The amorphous polydopamine (mPDA) building blocks can be controllably grown on the {100} (type 1) or {110} (type 2) facets of crystalline ZIF-8 to form the binary super-structured p-ANHs. Based on the secondary epitaxial growth of tertiary MOF building blocks on type 1 and 2 nanostructures, the ternary p-ANHs with controllable compositions and architectures are also rationally synthesized (type 3 and 4). These intricate and unprecedented superstructures provide a good platform for the construction of nanocomposites with multiple functionalities and understanding of the structure-property-function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchao Liu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Shang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Tiancong Zhao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyue Yu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Yufang Kou
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Zirui Lv
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Hou
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaowei Li
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyuan Zhao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, iChem (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Demulsification of oily wastewater driven by an amine functionalized cellulose derived from waste cotton textiles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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9
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Jie Y, Chen F. Progress in the Application of Food-Grade Emulsions. Foods 2022; 11:2883. [PMID: 36141011 PMCID: PMC9498284 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The detailed investigation of food-grade emulsions, which possess considerable structural and functional advantages, remains ongoing to enhance our understanding of these dispersion systems and to expand their application scope. This work reviews the applications of food-grade emulsions on the dispersed phase, interface structure, and macroscopic scales; further, it discusses the corresponding factors of influence, the selection and design of food dispersion systems, and the expansion of their application scope. Specifically, applications on the dispersed-phase scale mainly include delivery by soft matter carriers and auxiliary extraction/separation, while applications on the scale of the interface structure involve biphasic systems for enzymatic catalysis and systems that can influence substance digestion/absorption, washing, and disinfection. Future research on these scales should therefore focus on surface-active substances, real interface structure compositions, and the design of interface layers with antioxidant properties. By contrast, applications on the macroscopic scale mainly include the design of soft materials for structured food, in addition to various material applications and other emerging uses. In this case, future research should focus on the interactions between emulsion systems and food ingredients, the effects of food process engineering, safety, nutrition, and metabolism. Considering the ongoing research in this field, we believe that this review will be useful for researchers aiming to explore the applications of food-grade emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fusheng Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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10
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Liu Y, Cui X, Wang X, Jiang N, Liu HG. Large area nanodot arrays of PS-b-P2VP with heteropolyacid or metal ions via liquid/liquid interfacial self-assembly. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Ye F, Jiang X, Liu H, Ai G, Shen L, Yang Y, Feng X, Yuan H, Zhang Z, Mi Y, Yan X. Amine functional cellulose derived from wastepaper toward oily wastewater treatment and its demulsification mechanism. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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12
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Guan X, Wei J, Xia Y, Ngai T. Raspberry-Shaped Microgels Assembled at the Oil-Water Interface by Heterocoagulation of Complementary Microgels. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1014-1021. [PMID: 35900927 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Raspberry-shaped particles have attracted increasing interest due to their tunable surface morphologies and physicochemical properties. A variety of covalent and noncovalent strategies have been developed for the fabrication of raspberry-shaped particles. However, most of these strategies are complex or require precise control of solution conditions. In this work, we develop a direct approach for the fabrication of noncovalent raspberry-shaped microgels. Our strategy works through the electrostatically driven heterocoagulation of binary microgels with complementary functional groups at the oil-water interface. By introducing hexanoic acid (HA) into the oil phase, stable inverse water-in-oil (w/o) Pickering emulsions could be stabilized solely by HA-swollen microgels or self-assembled raspberry-shaped microgels. Furthermore, the formation mechanism and the interfacial properties of interfaces laden with raspberry-shaped microgels were investigated. The results indicate that HA can effectively improve the hydrophobicity and interfacial activity of microgels. In addition, raspberry-shaped microgels achieve high coverage on the droplet surface, resulting in the elastic interface and excellent stability of emulsions. We envision that these results will not only fill a knowledge gap in the field of soft matter interfacial self-assembly, but also will shed light on the rational design of raspberry-shaped soft colloids and the on-demand control of interfacial rheology. In addition, we expect that our results will contribute to wider applications of microgel-stabilized emulsions, including cascade catalysis, microreactor, and in vivo drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- Department of Fine Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong China
| | - Yufei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - To Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong 999077, China
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13
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Abstract
Polymers under confinement exhibit different structures and properties from the bulk. While block copolymers (BCPs) create well-defined micelles in solution, two-dimensional (2D) spatial confinement at the air-water interface constrains the chain conformations and deforms the micellar structure, thus forming a surface micelle. The BCP surface micelles open up an opportunity in nanoscience and engineering by serving as an interfacial modifier and structural platform. Nevertheless, a scaling law, a principle governing the micellar structure, is absent. Herein, we report a unified scaling relation to describe the combinational structure of BCP surface micelles in two and three dimensions and further reveal their formation mechanism in line with the suggested scaling relation. We investigated the intrinsic scaling relations in a surface pressure-free environment by introducing a concept of excluded volume-dependent scaling exponent based on the scaling theory of 2D polymers. In addition, an extrinsic scaling relation is derived for the surface pressure-dependent corona scaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyup Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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14
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Chen Z, Hu M, Li X, Smith DM, Seong H, Emrick T, Rzayev J, Russell TP. In Situ Hydrolysis of Block Copolymers at the Water‐Oil Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201392. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Mingqiu Hu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Xindi Li
- Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260-3000 USA
| | - Darren M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260-3000 USA
| | - Hong‐Gyu Seong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Todd Emrick
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Javid Rzayev
- Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260-3000 USA
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
- Material Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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15
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Zhang M, Jiang C, Wu Q, Zhang G, Liang F, Yang Z. Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(butylene succinate) (PLA/PBS) Layered Composite Gas Barrier Membranes by Anisotropic Janus Nanosheets Compartibilizers. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:657-662. [PMID: 35570811 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), one of the most promising biodegradable polymer products, has achieved wide applications for its relatively good mechanical properties and moderate degradability. Here we report an environment-friendly filler, the organic-inorganic composite Janus nanosheets (PLA/PBS JNs), which can jam at the interface of the PLA/PBS blend with a low threshold as the compatibilizer and can simultaneously toughen the composites and improve the gas barrier performance due to better interfacial interaction and tortuous path effect. With 0.3 wt % of PLA/PBS JNs added, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the PLA/PBS blend can be improved by 37% and 224%, respectively. After a further hot-pressing process, the barrier performance of the PLA/PBS composite membranes can be significantly enhanced since PLA, PLA/PBS JNs, and PBS are arranged in a nearly lamellar structure with oxygen permeability of 0.63 × 10-15 cm3 cm·cm-2 s-1 Pa-1 with only 0.5 wt % of PLA/PBS JNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiuhua Wu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Fuxin Liang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenzhong Yang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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16
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Liu Y, Cui X, Lee YI, Liu HG. Self-Assembly of Polystyrene- b-poly(2-vinylpyridine)/Chloroauric Acid at the Liquid/Liquid Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4589-4598. [PMID: 35389663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) at the liquid/liquid interface has been systematically investigated to develop a series of primary morphologies of the aggregates. The block copolymers self-assembled into large areas of nanodot arrays, parallel nanostrands, layered films, parallel nanobelts, honeycomb monolayers, and foams by reacting with chloroauric acid, depending on the molecular structure of the block copolymers and the amount of chloroauric acid. The formation of the first four ordered structures resulted from interfacial adsorption and self-assembly, and nucleation and epitaxial growth. The latter two structures were attributed to the water hole templating effect and spontaneous interfacial emulsification, respectively. This work provides insight into the self-assembly behavior of block copolymers at the interface and provides a facile approach for fabricating functional structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaona Cui
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yong-Ill Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 641-773, Korea
| | - Hong-Guo Liu
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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17
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Chen Z, Hu M, Li X, Smith D, Seong HG, Emrick T, Rzayev J, Russell TP. In Situ Hydrolysis of Block Copolymers at the Water‐Oil Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Chen
- University of Massachusetts Amherst Polymer Science and Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Mingqiu Hu
- University of Massachusetts Amherst Polymer Science and Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Xindi Li
- University at Buffalo Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | - Hong-Gyu Seong
- University of Massachusetts Amherst Polymer Science and Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Todd Emrick
- University of Massachusetts Amherst Polymer Science and Engineering UNITED STATES
| | | | - Thomas P. Russell
- University of Massachusetts Polymer Science and Engineering Conte Research Center 01003 Amherst UNITED STATES
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18
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Zhu YL, Wang D, Guan JL, Sun ZY, Lu Z. The advantages of nanoparticle surfactants over Janus nanoparticles on structuring liquids. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3554-3560. [PMID: 35229843 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06713c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The nanoparticle (NP) surfactants generated in situ by binding NPs and polymers can assemble into an elastic NP monolayer at the interface of two immiscible liquids, structuring the liquids. Janus NPs can be more strongly bound to the interface than the NP surfactants, but they are unable to structure liquids into complex shapes due to the difficulty of assembling the jamming arrays. By molecular dynamics simulations, we give an insight into the better performance of NP surfactants than Janus NPs on dynamically structuring liquids. The high energy binding of Janus NPs to the interface will drive the Janus NPs to assemble into micelles in binary liquids. The micelles are stabilized in one liquid by encapsulating a little of the other liquid, hindering interfacial adsorption when the interface is marginally extended upon liquid deformation. In contrast, the in situ formed NP surfactants can rapidly fill the enlarged interfacial area to arrest the consecutive shape changes of the liquids. Moreover, NP surfactants can be designed with an appropriate coverage ratio (≤50%) of NP surface bearing host-guest sites to avoid dissolution and impart a desirable mechanical elasticity to their assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Dapeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jun-Lei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhao-Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhongyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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Li C, Jiang L, Hu J, Xu C, Li Z, Liu W, Zhao X, Zhao B. Superhydrophilic-Superhydrophobic Multifunctional Janus Foam Fabrication Using a Spatially Shaped Femtosecond Laser for Fog Collection and Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9873-9881. [PMID: 35142217 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fog collection is an effective method for addressing water shortages in arid areas. By constructing a Janus structure with asymmetric wettability on its two sides, flexible and efficient fog capture can be achieved. However, in situ detection and fog collection on a Janus surface are still challenging tasks. Herein, a novel method for producing a superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic Janus fog collector is proposed; the method utilizes a combined process in which a spatially shaped femtosecond laser treatment (superhydrophilic) is applied to one side of a copper foam and a chemical replacement reaction (superhydrophobic) is applied to the other side of the copper foam. Two configurations of the Janus structure were designed to study different water transport behaviors. Furthermore, the Au micro-nanoparticle prepared adhered to the Janus structure, indicating the effectiveness of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy detection. The Janus foam shows excellent sensitivity and stability on testing the fog mixed with rhodamine 6G. This surface allows for the simultaneous collection and detection of fog, which can provide insights into the preparation of Janus multifunction structures and how such structures can play a key role in the subsequent purification and usage of water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Lan Jiang
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing 401120, P. R. China
| | - Jie Hu
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Xu
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Li
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- Tianjin Navigation Instruments Research Institute, Tianjin 300131, P. R. China
| | - Bingquan Zhao
- Tianjin Navigation Instruments Research Institute, Tianjin 300131, P. R. China
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20
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Lin J, Chi C, Zhang Y, Lin J, Chen Q. Increased Continuity of the PA6 Phase from the PS Matrix Induced by Migrating Janus Particles and Its Application in Thermal Conductivity. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Lin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongyi Chi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianrong Lin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinhui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Cao Q, Amini S, Kumru B, Schmidt BVKJ. Molding and Encoding Carbon Nitride-Containing Edible Oil Liquid Objects via Interfacial Toughening in Waterborne Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:4643-4651. [PMID: 33463148 PMCID: PMC7877700 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Charge interaction-driven jamming of nanoparticle monolayers at the oil-water interface can be employed as a method to mold liquids into tailored stable 3D liquid objects. Here, 3D liquid objects are fabricated via a combination of biocompatible aqueous poly(vinyl sulfonic acid, sodium salt) solution and a colloidal dispersion of highly fluorescent organo-modified graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) in edible sunflower oil. The as-formed liquid object shows stability in a broad pH range, as well as flexible pathways for efficient exchange of molecules at the liquid-liquid interphase, which allows for photodegradation of rhodamine B at the interface via visible light irradiation that also enables an encoding concept. The g-C3N4-based liquid objects point toward various applications, for example, all-liquid biphasic photocatalysis, artificial compartmentalized systems, liquid-liquid printing, or bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cao
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Shahrouz Amini
- Department
of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of
Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Baris Kumru
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, U.K.
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Steinhaus A, Srivastva D, Qiang X, Franzka S, Nikoubashman A, Gröschel AH. Controlling Janus Nanodisc Topology through ABC Triblock Terpolymer/Homopolymer Blending in 3D Confinement. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Steinhaus
- Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Centre for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Deepika Srivastva
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaolian Qiang
- Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Centre for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Steffen Franzka
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) and Interdisciplinary Center for Analytics on the Nanoscale (ICAN), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Arash Nikoubashman
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - André H. Gröschel
- Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Centre for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster, Busso-Peus-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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