1
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Badri Z, Foroutan-Nejad C. Classical versus Collective Interactions in Asymmetric Trigonal Bipyramidal Alkaline Metal-Boron Halide Complexes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400156. [PMID: 38642012 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Collective interactions are a novel type of chemical bond formed between metals and electron-rich substituents around an electron-poor central atom. So far only a limited number of candidates for having collective interactions are reported. In this work, we extend the newly introduced concept of collective bonding to a series of neutral boron complexes with the general formula M2BX3 (M=Li, Na, and K; X=F, Cl, and Br). Our state-of-the-art ab initio computations suggest that these complexes form trigonal bipyramidal structures with a D3h to C3v distortion along the C3 axis of symmetry. The BX3 unit in the complexes distorts from planar to pyramidal akin to a sp3 hybridized atom. Interestingly, the interaction of the metals with the pyramidal side of BX3, where the lone pair in a hypothetical [BX3]2- should be located, is weaker than the interactions of metals with the inverted side, i. e., the middle of three halogen atoms. The origin of this stronger interaction can be explained by the formation of collective interactions between metals and halogen atoms as we explored via energy decomposition within the context of the theory of interacting quantum atoms, IQA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Badri
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cina Foroutan-Nejad
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Pino-Rios R, Báez-Grez R, Foroutan-Nejad C. Anti-electrostatic cation⋯π-hole and cation⋯lp-hole interactions are stabilized via collective interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:400-403. [PMID: 38079184 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05451a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Collective interactions are a novel type of bond between metals and AX3 fragments with an electropositive central atom, A, and electronegative X substituents. Here, using electrostatic potential maps and state-of-the-art bonding analysis tools we have shown that collective interactions are anti-electrostatic cation⋯π-Hole or cation⋯lp-Hole interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pino-Rios
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat., Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile.
- Instituto de Estudios de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, 1100000, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Báez-Grez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República 275, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Cina Foroutan-Nejad
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
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3
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Searching for Systems with Planar Hexacoordinate Carbons. ATOMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms11030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present evidence that the D2h M2C50/2+ (M = Li-K, Be-Ca, Al-In, and Zn) species comprises planar hexacoordinate carbon (phC) structures that exhibit four covalent and two electrostatic interactions. These findings have been made possible using evolutionary methods for exploring the potential energy surface (AUTOMATON program) and the Interacting Quantum Atoms (IQA) methodology, which support the observed bonding interactions. It is worth noting, however, that these structures are not the global minimum. Nonetheless, incorporating two cyclopentadienyl anion ligands (Cp) into the CaC52+ system has enhanced the relative stability of the phC isomer. Moreover, cycloparaphenylene ([8]CPP) provides system protection and kinetic stability. These results indicate that using appropriate ligands presents a promising approach for expanding the chemistry of phC species.
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4
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Frenking G. Heretical thoughts about the present understanding and description of the chemical bond*. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Frenking
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia, Spain
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Kalita AJ, Purkayastha SK, Sarmah K, Guha AK. Can an alkalide act as a perfect Lewis base? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18144-18149. [PMID: 35857062 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02800j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Lewis basic character of alkali metals forming donor-acceptor complexes is a very rare phenomenon. No Lewis adduct with an alkalide as the Lewis basic centre has ever been reported. Herein, we theoretically designed EXH2- (E = Li, Na, K; X = Be, Mg, Ca) clusters which represent the first true example of Lewis adducts with alkalides as the two-electron donor basic sites. Our high level ab initio calculations reveal the formation of an unprecedented E:- → XH2 donor-acceptor interaction. Topological analysis within the realm of the electron localization function confirms this bonding scenario. The bonding scenario is exactly replicated in all the clusters, rendering support to our proposal. The calculated bond dissociation energies are significant, suggesting their possible spectroscopic identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan J Kalita
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India.
| | - Siddhartha K Purkayastha
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India.
| | - Kangkan Sarmah
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India.
| | - Ankur K Guha
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India.
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6
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Kalita AJ, Sarmah K, Borah RR, Yashmin F, Mazumder LJ, Purkayastha SK, Das K, Dutta T, Guha AK. Missing Recipe in the Na‐B Bond in NaBH
3
–
Cluster. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amlan J. Kalita
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre Cotton University Panbazar Guwahati Assam India- 781001
| | - Kangkan Sarmah
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre Cotton University Panbazar Guwahati Assam India- 781001
| | - Ritam R. Borah
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre Cotton University Panbazar Guwahati Assam India- 781001
| | - Farnaz Yashmin
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre Cotton University Panbazar Guwahati Assam India- 781001
| | - Lakhya J. Mazumder
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre Cotton University Panbazar Guwahati Assam India- 781001
| | | | - Kanwaki Das
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre Cotton University Panbazar Guwahati Assam India- 781001
| | - Trisha Dutta
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre Cotton University Panbazar Guwahati Assam India- 781001
| | - Ankur K. Guha
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre Cotton University Panbazar Guwahati Assam India- 781001
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7
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Collective interactions among organometallics are exotic bonds hidden on lab shelves. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2069. [PMID: 35440588 PMCID: PMC9018958 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent discovery of an unusual bond between Na and B in NaBH3- motivated us to look for potentially similar bonds, which remained unnoticed among systems isoelectronic with NaBH3-. Here, we report a novel family of collective interactions and a measure called exchange-correlation interaction collectivity index (ICIXC; [Formula: see text]) to characterize the extent of collective versus pairwise bonding. Unlike conventional bonds in which ICIXC remains close to one, in collective interactions ICIXC may approach zero. We show that collective interactions are commonplace among widely used organometallics, as well as among boron and aluminum complexes with the general formula [Ma+AR3]b- (A: C, B or Al). In these species, the metal atom interacts more efficiently with the substituents (R) on the central atoms than the central atoms (A) upon forming efficient collective interactions. Furthermore, collective interactions were also found among fluorine atoms of XFn systems (X: B or C). Some of organolithium and organomagnesium species have the lowest ICIXC among the more than 100 studied systems revealing the fact that collective interactions are rather a rule than an exception among organometallic species.
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8
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Auride ion interaction with borane: A theoretical study of AuBH3−. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Rincón L, Mora JR, Rodriguez V, Torres FJ. Na⋯B bond in NaBH 3 - : An induced spin-polarized bond. Chemphyschem 2021; 23:e202100676. [PMID: 34708497 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The nature of the Na⋯B bond, in the recently synthesized NaBH 3 - adduct, is analyzed on the light of the Na- propensity to polarize along the bond axis as a consequence of the electric field produced by the BH3 fragment. The observed induced polarization has two consequences: (i) the energetic stabilization of the Na- , and (ii) the split of its valence electrons into two opposite lobes along the bond axis. Additionally, an analysis of the electron localization is presented using the information content of the correlated conditional pair density that reveals a significant delocalization between one lobe of the polarized Na- anion and the BH3 fragment at the equilibrium distance. Our findings reported here complement previous works on this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rincón
- Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT-USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Colegio Politecnico de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, 170157, Ecuador.,Instituto de Simulación Computacional, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, 170157, Ecuador
| | - Jose R Mora
- Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT-USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Colegio Politecnico de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, 170157, Ecuador.,Instituto de Simulación Computacional, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, 170157, Ecuador
| | - Vladimir Rodriguez
- Instituto de Simulación Computacional, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, 170157, Ecuador.,Departamento de Matemáticas, Colegio Politecnico de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Quito, 170157, Ecuador
| | - F Javier Torres
- Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT-USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Colegio Politecnico de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, 170157, Ecuador.,Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT-UR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, 111221, Colombia
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10
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Pan S, Frenking G. A Critical Look at Linus Pauling's Influence on the Understanding of Chemical Bonding. Molecules 2021; 26:4695. [PMID: 34361846 PMCID: PMC8348226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of Linus Pauling on the understanding of chemical bonding is critically examined. Pauling deserves credit for presenting a connection between the quantum theoretical description of chemical bonding and Gilbert Lewis's classical bonding model of localized electron pair bonds for a wide range of chemistry. Using the concept of resonance that he introduced, he was able to present a consistent description of chemical bonding for molecules, metals, and ionic crystals which was used by many chemists and subsequently found its way into chemistry textbooks. However, his one-sided restriction to the valence bond method and his rejection of the molecular orbital approach hindered further development of chemical bonding theory for a while and his close association of the heuristic Lewis binding model with the quantum chemical VB approach led to misleading ideas until today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Pan
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China;
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China;
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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11
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Yang Q, Li Q, Scheiner S. Diboron Bonds Between BX 3 (X=H, F, CH 3 ) and BYZ 2 (Y=H, F; Z=CO, N 2 , CNH). Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1461-1469. [PMID: 34089563 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The ability of B atoms on two different molecules to engage with one another in a noncovalent diboron bond is studied by ab initio calculations. Due to electron donation from its substituents, the trivalent B atom of BYZ2 (Z=CO, N2 , and CNH; Y=H and F) has the ability to in turn donate charge to the B of a BX3 molecule (X=H, F, and CH3 ), thus forming a B⋅⋅⋅B diboron bond. These bonds are of two different strengths and character. BH(CO)2 and BH(CNH)2 , and their fluorosubstituted analogues BF(CO)2 and BF(CNH)2 , engage in a typical noncovalent bond with B(CH3 )3 and BF3 , with interaction energies in the 3-8 kcal/mol range. Certain other combinations result in a much stronger diboron bond, in the 26-44 kcal/mol range, and with a high degree of covalent character. Bonds of this type occur when BH3 is added to BH(CO)2 , BH(CNH)2 , BH(N2 )2 , and BF(CO)2 , or in the complexes of BH(N2 )2 with B(CH3 )3 and BF3 . The weaker noncovalent bonds are held together by roughly equal electrostatic and dispersion components, complemented by smaller polarization energy, while polarization is primarily responsible for the stronger ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Yang
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhong Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322-0300, USA
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12
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Radenković S, Shaik SS, Braïda B. Na⋅⋅⋅B Bond in NaBH
3
−
: Solving the Conundrum. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sason S. Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 9190401 Jerusalem Israel
| | - Benoît Braïda
- Sorbonne Université Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique 75005 Paris France
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13
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Pino‐Rios R, Inostroza D, Tiznado W. Neither too Classic nor too Exotic: One‐Electron Na⋅B Bond in NaBH
3
−
Cluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pino‐Rios
- Laboratorio de Química teórica Facultad de Química y Biología Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH) Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363 Santiago, Estación Central, Región Metropolitana Chile
| | - Diego Inostroza
- Universidad Andres Bello Programa de Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Santiago Chile
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group Departamento de Ciencias Químicas Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Andres Bello República 498 Santiago Chile
| | - William Tiznado
- Universidad Andres Bello Programa de Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Santiago Chile
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group Departamento de Ciencias Químicas Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Andres Bello República 498 Santiago Chile
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14
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Radenković S, Shaik SS, Braïda B. Na⋅⋅⋅B Bond in NaBH 3 - : Solving the Conundrum. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12723-12726. [PMID: 33794051 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bonding in the recently synthesized NaBH3 - cluster is investigated using the high level Valence Bond BOVB method. Contrary to earlier conclusions, the Na-B bond is found to be neither a genuine dative bond, nor a standard polar-covalent bond at equilibrium. It is rather revealed as a split and polarized weakly coupled electron-pair, which allows this cluster to be more effectively stabilized by a combination of (major) dipole-dipole electrostatic interaction and (secondary) resonant one-electron bonding mechanism. Our analysis of this unprecedented bonding situation extends to similar clusters, and the VB model unifies and articulates the previously published variegated views on this exotic "bond".
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavko Radenković
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sason S Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benoît Braïda
- Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, 75005, Paris, France
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15
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Pino-Rios R, Inostroza D, Tiznado W. Neither too Classic nor too Exotic: One-Electron Na⋅B Bond in NaBH 3 - Cluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12747-12753. [PMID: 33876517 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It is here reported that the NaBH3 - cluster exhibits a Na⋅B one-electron bond, a well-established type of electron-deficient bonding in the literature. The topological analysis of the electron localization function, at the correlated level, reveals that Na- , when approaching the bonding distance, fairly distributes its valence electron pair between two lobes. One of these electrons is used to bond with BH3 , which participates through its boron empty p-orbital. Furthermore, the bonding situation of LiBH3 - , KBH3 - , MgBH3 , and CaBH3 global minima structures are similar to that of NaBH3 - , extending the family of these new one-electron bond systems with biradicaloid character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pino-Rios
- Laboratorio de Química teórica, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Santiago, Estación Central, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Diego Inostroza
- Universidad Andres Bello, Programa de Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Santiago, Chile.,Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 498, Santiago, Chile
| | - William Tiznado
- Universidad Andres Bello, Programa de Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Santiago, Chile.,Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 498, Santiago, Chile
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16
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Chapple PM, Cartron J, Hamdoun G, Kahlal S, Cordier M, Oulyadi H, Carpentier JF, Saillard JY, Sarazin Y. Metal-metal bonded alkaline-earth distannyls. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7098-7114. [PMID: 34123338 PMCID: PMC8153243 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00436k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The first families of alkaline-earth stannylides [Ae(SnPh3)2·(thf) x ] (Ae = Ca, x = 3, 1; Sr, x = 3, 2; Ba, x = 4, 3) and [Ae{Sn(SiMe3)3}2·(thf) x ] (Ae = Ca, x = 4, 4; Sr, x = 4, 5; Ba, x = 4, 6), where Ae is a large alkaline earth with direct Ae-Sn bonds, are presented. All complexes have been characterised by high-resolution solution NMR spectroscopy, including 119Sn NMR, and by X-ray diffraction crystallography. The molecular structures of [Ca(SnPh3)2·(thf)4] (1'), [Sr(SnPh3)2·(thf)4] (2'), [Ba(SnPh3)2·(thf)5] (3'), 4, 5 and [Ba{Sn(SiMe3)3}2·(thf)5] (6'), most of which crystallised as higher thf solvates than their parents 1-6, were established by XRD analysis; the experimentally determined Sn-Ae-Sn' angles lie in the range 158.10(3)-179.33(4)°. In a given series, the 119Sn NMR chemical shifts are slightly deshielded upon descending group 2 from Ca to Ba, while the silyl-substituted stannyls are much more shielded than the phenyl ones (δ 119Sn/ppm: 1', -133.4; 2', -123.6; 3', -95.5; 4, -856.8; 5, -848.2; 6', -792.7). The bonding and electronic properties of these complexes were also analysed by DFT calculations. The combined spectroscopic, crystallographic and computational analysis of these complexes provide some insight into the main features of these unique families of homoleptic complexes. A comprehensive DFT study (Wiberg bond index, QTAIM and energy decomposition analysis) points at a primarily ionic Ae-Sn bonding, with a small covalent contribution, in these series of complexes; the Sn-Ae-Sn' angle is associated with a flat energy potential surface around its minimum, consistent with the broad range of values determined by experimental and computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ghanem Hamdoun
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038) 76000 Rouen France
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Marie Cordier
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Hassan Oulyadi
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038) 76000 Rouen France
| | | | | | - Yann Sarazin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
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17
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Salvador P, Vos E, Corral I, Andrada DM. Beyond the Classical Electron-Sharing and Dative Bond Picture: Case of the Spin-Polarized Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1498-1502. [PMID: 32866305 PMCID: PMC7839703 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemical bonds are traditionally assigned as electron-sharing or donor-acceptor/dative. External criteria such as the nature of the dissociation process, energy partitioning schemes, or quantum chemical topology are invoked to assess the bonding situation. However, for systems with marked multi-reference character, this binary categorization might not be precise enough to render the bonding properties. A third scenario can be foreseen: spin polarized bonds. To illustrate this, the case of a NaBH3 - cluster is presented. According to the analysis NaBH3 - exhibits a strong diradical character and cannot be classified as either electron-sharing or a dative bond. Elaborated upon are the common problems of popular bonding descriptions. Additionally, a simple model, based on the bond order and local spin indicators, which discriminates between all three bonding situations, is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Salvador
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi i Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de Gironac/M Aurelia Capmany 6917003GironaSpain
| | - Eva Vos
- Departamento de QuímicaFacultad de CienciasMódulo 13, and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem)Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Inés Corral
- Departamento de QuímicaFacultad de CienciasMódulo 13, and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem)Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and TechnologyDepartment of ChemistrySaarland University66123SaarbrückenGermany
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18
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Salvador P, Vos E, Corral I, Andrada DM. Über die klassische Elektronenpaar‐ und die dative Bindung hinaus: Die Spin‐polarisierte Bindung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Salvador
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi i Departament de Química Universitat de Girona c/M Aurelia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spanien
| | - Eva Vos
- Departamento de Química Facultad de Ciencias Módulo 13, and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
| | - Inés Corral
- Departamento de Química Facultad de Ciencias Módulo 13, and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
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Foroutan-Nejad C. The Na⋅⋅⋅B Bond in NaBH 3 - : A Different Type of Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20900-20903. [PMID: 32757234 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A newly introduced Na-B bond in NaBH3 - has been a challenge for the chemical bonding community. Here, a series of MBH3 - (M=Li, Na, K) species and NaB(CN)3 - are studied within the context of quantum chemical topology approaches. The analyses suggest that M-B interaction cannot be classified as an ordinary covalent, dative, or even simple ionic interaction. The interactions are controlled by coulombic forces between the metals and the substituents on boron, for example, H or CN, more than the direct M-B interaction. On the other hand, while the characteristics of the (3, -1) critical points of the bonds are comparable to weak hydrogen bonds, not covalent bonds, the metal and boron share a substantial sum of electrons. To the best of the author's knowledge, the characteristics of these bonds are unprecedented among known molecules. Considering all paradoxical properties of these bonds, they are herein described as ionic-enforced covalent bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cina Foroutan-Nejad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University & National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Cina Foroutan‐Nejad
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Masaryk University & National Centre for Biomolecular Research Faculty of Science Masaryk University 62500 Brno Czech Republic
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