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Wang G, Chen X, Zeng Y, Li X, Wang X, Zhang K. Dual-Mechanism Design Strategy for High-Efficiency and Long-Lived Organic Afterglow Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39213650 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and afterglow materials hold great potential for various applications, but there remain inherent trade-offs between the afterglow efficiency and the lifetime. Here, we propose a dual-mechanism design strategy, leveraging the RTP or thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) mechanism for a high afterglow efficiency and the organic long-persistent luminescence (OLPL) mechanism for a prolonged afterglow duration. The intramolecular charge transfer (ICT)-type difluoroboron β-diketonate molecules with a large S1 dipole moment are doped as the luminescent component into the organic matrix with a large dipole moment, and a series of TADF-type afterglow materials can be achieved with an afterglow efficiency of up to 88.7% and an afterglow lifetime of 200 ms. To prolong the afterglow duration, an electron donor is introduced as the third component to generate traps and facilitate charge separation. The obtained materials exhibit a dual afterglow mechanism, first exhibiting a TADF/RTP afterglow with an afterglow efficiency of up to 50.9%, followed by an hours-long OLPL afterglow emission with an afterglow efficiency of up to 13.1%. Further investigations reveal that an appropriate heavy-atom effect can facilitate the intersystem crossing process, which can promote the charge separation process and thus improve the OLPL afterglow performance. Additionally, rare-earth upconversion materials are introduced into OLPL materials to enable their near-infrared excitation properties, showcasing their potential applications in bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuepu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaka Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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2
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Zhou L, Li K, Chang Y, Yao Y, Peng Y, Li M, He R. High-efficiency color-tunable ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence from organic-inorganic metal halides via synergistic inter/intramolecular interactions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10046-10055. [PMID: 38966385 PMCID: PMC11220578 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01630k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Materials exhibiting highly efficient, ultralong and multicolor-tunable room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are of practical importance for emerging applications. However, these are still very scarce and remain a formidable challenge. Herein, using precise structure design, several novel organic-inorganic metal-halide hybrids with efficient and ultralong RTP have been developed based on an identical organic cation (A). The original organic salt (ACl) exhibits red RTP properties with low phosphorescence efficiency. However, after embedding metals into the organic salt, the changed crystal structure endows the resultant metal-halide hybrids with excellent RTP properties. In particular, A2ZnCl4·H2O exhibits the highest RTP efficiency of up to 56.56% with a long lifetime of up to 159 ms. It is found that multiple inter/intramolecular interactions and the strong heavy-atom effect of the rigid metal-halide hybrids can suppress molecular motion and promote the ISC process, resulting in highly stable and localized triplet excitons followed by highly efficient RTP. More crucially, multicolor-tunable fluorescence and RTP achieved by tuning the metal and halogen endow these materials with wide application prospects in the fields of multilevel information encryption and dynamic optical data storage. The findings promote the development of phosphorescent metal-halide hybrids for potential high-tech applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Kailei Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Yuanyuan Chang
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Yuqi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Rongxing He
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
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3
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Yao X, Li Y, Shi H, Yu Z, Wu B, Zhou Z, Zhou C, Zheng X, Tang M, Wang X, Ma H, Meng Z, Huang W, An Z. Narrowband room temperature phosphorescence of closed-loop molecules through the multiple resonance effect. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4520. [PMID: 38806515 PMCID: PMC11133472 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48856-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Luminescent materials with narrowband emission show great potential for diverse applications in optoelectronics. Purely organic phosphors with room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) have made significant success in rationally manipulating quantum efficiency, lifetimes, and colour gamut in the past years, but there is limited attention on the purity of the RTP colours. Herein we report a series of closed-loop molecules with narrowband phosphorescence by multiple resonance effect, which significantly improves the colour purity of RTP. Phosphors show narrowband phosphorescence with full width at half maxima (FWHM) of 30 nm after doping into a rigid benzophenone matrix under ambient conditions, of which the RTP efficiency reaches 51.8%. At 77 K, the FWHM of phosphorescence is only 11 nm. Meanwhile, the colour of narrowband RTP can be tuned from sky blue to green with the modification of methyl groups. Additionally, the potential applications in X-ray imaging and display are demonstrated. This work not only outlines a design principle for developing narrowband RTP materials but also makes a major step forward extending the potential applications of narrowband luminescent materials in optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
| | - Huifang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
| | - Ze Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
| | - Beishen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
| | - Zixing Zhou
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chifeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
| | - Xifang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
| | - Mengting Tang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huili Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Henan Institute of Flexible Electronics (HIFE) and School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE), Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongfu An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China.
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- Henan Institute of Flexible Electronics (HIFE) and School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE), Henan University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Zhou L, Song J, He Z, Liu Y, Jiang P, Li T, Ma X. Achieving Efficient Dark Blue Room-Temperature Phosphorescence with Ultra-Wide Range Tunable-Lifetime. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403773. [PMID: 38527962 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Tunable-lifetime room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have been widely studied due to their broad applications. However, only few reports have achieved wide-range lifetime modulation. In this work, ultra-wide range tunable-lifetime efficient dark blue RTP materials were realized by doping methyl benzoate derivatives into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. The phosphorescence lifetimes of the doped films can be increased from 32.8 ms to 1925.8 ms. Such wide range of phosphorescence lifetime modulation is extremely rare in current reports. Moreover, the phosphorescence emission of the methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate-doped film is located in the dark blue region and the phosphorescence quantum yield reaches as high as 15.4 %, which broadens their applications in organic optoelectronic information. Further studies demonstrated that the reason for the tunable lifetime was that the magnitude of the electron-donating ability of the substituent group modulates the HOMO-LUMO and singlet-triplet energy gap of methyl benzoate derivatives, as well as the ability to non-covalent interactions with PVA. Moreover, the potential applications of luminescent displays and optical anti-counterfeiting of these high-performance dark blue RTP materials have been conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advance Materials and Feringa Noble Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jinming Song
- Key Laboratory for Advance Materials and Feringa Noble Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhenyi He
- Key Laboratory for Advance Materials and Feringa Noble Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advance Materials and Feringa Noble Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Advance Materials and Feringa Noble Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advance Materials and Feringa Noble Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advance Materials and Feringa Noble Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Gao H, Zhang T, Lei Y, Jiao D, Yu B, Yuan WZ, Ji J, Jin Q, Ding D. An Organophosphorescence Probe with Ultralong Lifetime and Intrinsic Tissue Selectivity for Specific Tumor Imaging and Guided Tumor Surgery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202406651. [PMID: 38781352 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Organic phosphorescent materials are excellent candidates for use in tumor imaging. However, a systematic comparison of the effects of the intensity, lifetime, and wavelength of phosphorescent emissions on bioimaging performance has not yet been undertaken. In addition, there have been few reports on organic phosphorescent materials that specifically distinguish tumors from normal tissues. This study addresses these gaps and reveals that longer lifetimes effectively increase the signal intensity, whereas longer wavelengths enhance the penetration depth. Conversely, a strong emission intensity with a short lifetime does not necessarily yield robust imaging signals. Building upon these findings, an organo-phosphorescent material with a lifetime of 0.94 s was designed for tumor imaging. Remarkably, the phosphorescent signals of various organic nanoparticles are nearly extinguished in blood-rich organs because of the quenching effect of iron ions. Moreover, for the first time, we demonstrated that iron ions universally quench the phosphorescence of organic room-temperature phosphorescent materials, which is an inherent property of such substances. Leveraging this property, both the normal liver and hepatitis tissues exhibit negligible phosphorescent signals, whereas liver tumors display intense phosphorescence. Therefore, phosphorescent materials, unlike chemiluminescent or fluorescent materials, can exploit this unique inherent property to selectively distinguish liver tumor tissues from normal tissues without additional modifications or treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqi Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Engineering & Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yunxiang Lei
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Di Jiao
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Engineering & Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Wang Zhang Yuan
- Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Dan Ding
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Engineering & Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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Xia W, Li X, Li J, Yan Q, Wang G, Piao X, Zhang K. Narrowband Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Afterglow Materials. Molecules 2024; 29:2343. [PMID: 38792203 PMCID: PMC11123977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Narrowband afterglow materials display interesting functions in high-quality anti-counterfeiting and multiplexed bioimaging. However, there is still a limited exploration of these afterglow materials, especially for those with a full width at half maxima (FWHM) around 30 nm. Here, we report the fabrication of narrowband organic/inorganic hybrid afterglow materials via energy transfer technology. Coronene (Cor) with a long phosphorescence feature and broad phosphorescence band is selected as the donor for energy transfer, and inorganic quantum dots (QDs) of CdSe/ZnS with a narrowband emission are used as acceptors. Upon doping into the organic matrix, the resultant three-component materials exhibit a narrowband afterglow with an afterglow lifetime of approximately 3.4 s and an FWHM of 31 nm. The afterglow wavelength of the afterglow materials can be controlled by the QDs. This work based on organic/inorganic hybrids provides a facile approach for developing multicolor and narrowband afterglow materials, as well as opens a new way for expanding the features of organic afterglow for multifunctional applications. It is expected to rely on narrowband afterglow emitters to solve the "spectrum congestion" problem of high-density information storage in optical anti-counterfeiting and information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China; (W.X.); (J.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (Q.Y.); (G.W.)
| | - Xun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (Q.Y.); (G.W.)
| | - Junbo Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China; (W.X.); (J.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (Q.Y.); (G.W.)
| | - Qianqian Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (Q.Y.); (G.W.)
| | - Guangming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (Q.Y.); (G.W.)
| | - Xixi Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (Q.Y.); (G.W.)
| | - Kaka Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China; (W.X.); (J.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (Q.Y.); (G.W.)
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Pan Z, Song J, Zhang S, Zeng P, Mei J, Qu DH. Tailoring raloxifene into single-component molecular crystals possessing multilevel stimuli-responsive room-temperature phosphorescence. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:1237-1248. [PMID: 38458915 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Simultaneously achieving room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and multiple-stimuli responsiveness in a single-component system is of significance but remains challenging. Crystallization has been recognized to be a workable strategy to fulfill the above task. However, how the molecular packing mode affects the intersystem crossing and RTP lifetime concurrently remains unclear so far. Herein, four economic small-molecular compounds, analogues of the famous drug raloxifene (RALO), are facilely synthesized and further explored as neat single-component and stimuli-responsive RTP emitters via crystallization engineering. Thanks to their simple structures and high ease to crystallize, these raloxifene analogues function as models to clarify the important role of molecular packing in the RTP and stimuli-responsiveness properties. Thorough combination of the single-crystal structure analysis and theoretical calculations clearly manifests that the tight antiparallel molecular packing mode is the key point to their RTP behaviors. Interestingly, harnessing the controllable and reversible phase transitions of the two polymorphs of RALO-OAc driven by mechanical force, solvent vapor, and heat, a single-component multilevel stimuli-responsive platform with tunable emission color is established and further exploited for optical information encryption. This work would shed light on the rational design of multi-stimuli responsive RTP systems based on single-component organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Pan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jinming Song
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ju Mei
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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8
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Luo X, Zeng Y, Wei H, Zheng X. Host-guest interaction induced room-temperature phosphorescence enhancement of organic dyes: a computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:14071-14078. [PMID: 38687143 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00891j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
To achieve the effective regulation of organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in supramolecular systems, the elucidation of host-guest interactions in RTP is of vital importance. Herein, we employed two organic dyes (PYCl and PYBr) and their four host-guest complexes with CB[6] and CB[7] and explored the mechanism of host-guest interaction induced RTP enhancement using quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach. For the two organic dyes, we found that the better RTP performance of PYBr than PYCl is attributed to intersystem crossing (ISC) augmentation induced by the heavy atom effect. Binding to CB[6] through host-guest interactions can simultaneously accelerate the radiative decay process by increasing the transition dipole moment of T1 → S0 (μT1→S0), block the nonradiative decay process, and promote the ISC process, eventually leading to a remarkably boosted RTP. Upon complexation, the conversion of S1 from 1(n, π*) to 1(π, π*) is key to μT1→S0 enhancement; reduced reorganization energies reflect the suppression of the nonradiative decay process by restricting the rotation of rings A and B in organic dyes. In addition, the promoted ISC process is due to the activation of more ISC channels between S1 and high-lying triplet states with large spin-orbital coupling constants and small energy gap. The case of CB[7]-type complexes is much different, because of the extremely large cavity size of CB[7] for encapsulation. This work proposes the mechanism of host-guest interaction-induced RTP enhancement of organic dyes, thus laying a solid foundation for the rational design of advanced RTP materials based on supramolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Haoran Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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9
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Zheng H, Zhang Z, Cai S, An Z, Huang W. Enhancing Purely Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescence via Supramolecular Self-Assembly. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311922. [PMID: 38270348 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Long-lived and highly efficient room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials are in high demand for practical applications in lighting and display, security signboards, and anti-counterfeiting. Achieving RTP in aqueous solutions, near-infrared (NIR) phosphorescence emission, and NIR-excited RTP are crucial for applications in bio-imaging, but these goals pose significant challenges. Supramolecular self-assembly provides an effective strategy to address the above problems. This review focuses on the recent advances in the enhancement of RTP via supramolecular self-assembly, covering four key aspects: small molecular self-assembly, cocrystals, the self-assembly of macrocyclic hosts and guests, and multi-stage supramolecular self-assembly. This review not only highlights progress in these areas but also underscores the prominent challenges associated with developing supramolecular RTP materials. The resulting strategies for the development of high-performance supramolecular RTP materials are discussed, aiming to satisfy the practical applications of RTP materials in biomedical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zheng
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Zaiyong Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Suzhi Cai
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Zhongfu An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
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10
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Ma H, Fu L, Yao X, Jiang X, Lv K, Ma Q, Shi H, An Z, Huang W. Boosting organic phosphorescence in adaptive host-guest materials by hyperconjugation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3660. [PMID: 38688920 PMCID: PMC11061117 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphorescence is ubiquitous in heavy atom-containing organic phosphors, which attracts considerable attention in optoelectronics and bioelectronics. However, heavy atom-free organic materials with efficient phosphorescence are rare under ambient conditions. Herein, we report a series of adaptive host-guest materials derived from dibenzo-heterocyclic analogues, showing host-dependent color-tunable phosphorescence with phosphorescence efficiency of up to 98.9%. The adaptive structural deformation of the guests arises from the hyperconjugation, namely the n→π* interaction, enabling them to inhabit the cavity of host crystals in synergy with steric effects. Consequently, a perfect conformation match between host and guest molecules facilitates the suppression of triplet exciton dissipation, thereby boosting the phosphorescence of these adaptive materials. Moreover, we extend this strategy to a ternary host-guest system, yielding both excitation- and time-dependent phosphorescence with a phosphorescence efficiency of 92.0%. This principle provides a concise way for obtaining efficient and color-tunable phosphorescence, making a major step toward potential applications in optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lishun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiaokang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xueyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Kaiqi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Huifang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhongfu An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
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11
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Zhen J, Long J, Guo X, Wang Q, Zeng X. Tryptophan-Doped Poly(vinyl alcohol) Films with Ultralong-Lifetime Room-Temperature Phosphorescence and Color-Tunable Afterglow Under Ambient Conditions. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304137. [PMID: 38253784 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The development of a persistent luminescence system with long-lived phosphorescence and color-tunable afterglow at room temperature represents a challenge, largely due to the intensive non-radiative deactivation pathway. In this study, an ultralong-lived room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) system has been achieved using a hydrogen-bonding strategy where poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrices were doped with tryptophan (Trp) derivatives. The PVA film doped with N-α-(9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-L-tryptophan (Fmoc-L-Trp) exhibited a long-lived phosphorescence emission of up to 3859.70 ms, and a blue afterglow for a duration greater than 34 s, under ambient conditions. The introduction of two other fluorescent dyes (i. e., Rhodamine B and Basicred14) to the PVA film facilitates adjustment to the color of the afterglow from blue to orange, and pink, by a triplet-to-singlet Förster-resonance energy transfer (TS-FRET) process. These films have been successfully applied in silk-screen printing and in multicolor afterglow light-emitting diode (LED) arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshuang Zhen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Jiangqin Long
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Qiusheng Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xu Zeng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
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12
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Xie Z, Mao Z, Wang H, Xiao Y, Zhang X, Yu T, An Z, Huang W. Dual-channel mechano-phosphorescence: a combined locking effect with twisted molecular structures and robust interactions. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:85. [PMID: 38589343 PMCID: PMC11001961 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Organic mechanoluminescence materials, featuring dual emission and ultralong phosphorescence characteristics, exhibit significant potential for applications in real-time stress sensing, pressure-sensitive lighting, advanced security marking techniques, and material breakage monitoring. However, due to immature molecular design strategies and unclear luminescence mechanisms, these materials remain rarely reported. In this study, we propose a valuable molecular design strategy to achieve dual-channel mechano-phosphorescence. By introducing the arylphosphine oxide group into a highly twisted molecular framework, enhanced intra- and intermolecular interactions could be achieved within rigid structures, leading to dual-channel mechanoluminescence with greatly promoted ultralong phosphorescence. Further investigations reveal the substantial boosting effect of intra- and intermolecular interactions on mechanoluminescence and ultralong phosphorescence properties by locking the highly twisted molecular skeleton. This work provides a concise and guiding route to develop novel smart responsive luminescence materials for widespread applications in material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Xie
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Zhu Mao
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Hailan Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yuxin Xiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xiayu Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China.
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518100, China.
| | - Zhongfu An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
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13
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Li X, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Cai S, An Z, Huang W. Recent Advances in Room-Temperature Phosphorescence Metal-Organic Hybrids: Structures, Properties, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308290. [PMID: 37884272 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic hybrid (MOH) materials with room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) have drawn attention in recent years due to their superior RTP properties of high phosphorescence efficiency and ultralong emission lifetime. Great achievement has been realized in developing MOH materials with high-performance RTP, but a systematic study on MOH materials with RTP feature is lacking. This review highlights recent advances in metal-organic hybrid RTP materials. The molecular packing, the photophysical properties, and their applications of metal-organic hybrid RTP materials are discussed in detail. Metal-organic hybrid RTP materials can be divided into six parts: coordination polymers, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), metal-halide hybrids, organic ionic crystals, organic ionic polymers, and organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites. These RTP materials have been successfully applied in time-resolved data encryption, fingerprint recognition, information logic gates, X-ray imaging, and photomemory. This review not only provides the basic principles of designing RTP metal-organic hybrids, but also propounds the future research prospects of RTP metal-organic hybrids. This review offers many effective strategies for developing metal-organic hybrids with excellent RTP properties, thus satisfying practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Zaiyong Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Analytical & Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Suzhi Cai
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Zhongfu An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
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14
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Wu Q, Jiang QQ, Li YJ, Wang YA, Wang X, Liang RP, Qiu JD. σ-Hole Effect-Induced Electroluminescence of Halogen Cocrystals for Determination of Iodide in Seawater. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4623-4631. [PMID: 38456770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Developing new electrochemiluminescence (ECL) luminators with high stability, wide applicability, and strong designability is of great strategic significance to promote the ECL field to the frontier. Here, driven by the I···N bond, 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene (TFTI) and 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazine (TMT) self-assembled into a novel halogen cocrystal (TFTI-TMT) through slow solution volatilization. Significant difference of charge density existed between the N atoms on TMT and the σ-hole of the I atoms on TFTI. Upon the induction of σ-hole effect, high-speed and spontaneous charge transferring from TMT to the σ-hole of TFTI occurred, stimulating exciting ECL signals. Besides, the σ-hole of the I atoms could capture iodine ions specifically, which blocked the original charge transfer from the N atoms to the σ-hole, causing the ECL signal of TFTI-TMT to undergo a quenching rate as high as 92.9%. Excitingly, the ECL sensing of TFTI-TMT toward I- possessed a wide linear range (10-5000 nM) and ultralow detection limit (3 nM) in a real water sample. The halogen cocrystal strategy makes σ-hole a remarkable new viewpoint of ECL luminator design and enables ECL analysis technology to contribute to addressing the environmental and health threats posed by iodide pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ya-Jie Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ying-Ao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ru-Ping Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jian-Ding Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
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15
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Zhao H, Jia X, Zhang M, Zhu L. Construction of Carbon Dots@LiCl-polyacrylamide with Humidity-Induced Ultralong Room-Temperature Phosphorescence to Fluorescence and Rigid-to-Flexible Transition Behavior. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300538. [PMID: 37877956 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The continuous advancement of luminescent materials has placed increasingly stringent requirements on dynamic color-tunable ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence (URTP) materials that can respond to external stimuli. Nevertheless, endowing URTP materials with stimuli-response-induced dynamic color tuning is a challenging task. This study introduces a carbon dots (CDs)@LiCl-polyacrylamide (PAM) polymer system that switches from URTP to fluorescence under humidity stimuli, accompanied by a transition from rigidity to flexibility. The obtained rigid CDs@LiCl-PAM exhibits ultralong green phosphorescence with a lifetime of 560 ms in the initial state. After absorbing moisture, it becomes flexible and its phosphorescence switches off. Moreover, the emission of the CDs@LiCl-PAM film depends on the excitation wavelength. This property can potentially used in multicolored luminescence applications and displays. Moreover, multicolor luminescent patterns can be constructed in situ using the water-absorption ability of the obtained thin film and the Förster resonance energy-transfer strategy. The proposed strategy is expected to promote the interdisciplinary development of intelligent information encryption, anti-counterfeiting, and smart flexible display materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, College of Future Technical, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaoyong Jia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, College of Future Technical, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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16
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Malinge A, Kumar S, Chen D, Zysman-Colman E, Kéna-Cohen S. Heavy Atom Effect in Halogenated mCP and Its Influence on the Efficiency of the Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence of Dopant Molecules. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:1122-1130. [PMID: 38293694 PMCID: PMC10823469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c05567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we explore the impact of halogen functionalization on the photophysical properties of the commonly used organic light-emitting diode (OLED) host material, 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP). Derivatives with different numbers and types of halogen substituents on mCP were synthesized. By measuring steady-state and transient photoluminescence at 6 K, we study the impact of the type, number, and position of the halogens on the intersystem crossing and phosphorescence rates of the compounds. In particular, the functionalization of mCP with 5 bromine atoms results in a significant increase of the intersystem crossing rate by a factor of 300 to a value of (1.5 ± 0.1) × 1010 s-1, and the phosphorescence rate increases by 2 orders of magnitude. We find that the singlet radiative decay rate is not significantly modified in any of the studied compounds. In the second part of the paper, we describe the influence of these compounds on the reverse intersystem crossing of the 7,10-bis(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-2,3-dicyanopyrazino-phenanthrene (TPA-DCPP), a TADF guest, via the external heavy atom effect. Their use results in an increase of the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rate from (8.1 ± 0.8) × 103 s-1 for mCP to (2.7 ± 0.1) × 104 s-1 for mCP with 5 bromine atoms. The effect is even more pronounced for the mCP analogue containing a single iodine atom, which gives a RISC rate of (3.3 ± 0.1) × 104 s-1. Time-dependent DFT calculations reveal the importance of the use of long-range corrected functionals to predict the effect of halogenation on the optical properties of the mCP, and the relativistic approximation (ZORA) is used to provide insight into the strength of the spin-orbit coupling matrix element between the lowest-lying excited singlet and triplet states in the different mCP compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Malinge
- Department
of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique
de Montréal, PO Box 6079, succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal QC H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Dongyang Chen
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic
Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphane Kéna-Cohen
- Department
of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique
de Montréal, PO Box 6079, succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal QC H3C 3A7, Canada
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17
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Yang Z, Liu H, Zhang X, Lv Y, Fu Z, Zhao S, Liu M, Zhang ST, Yang B. Photo-Responsive Dynamic Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescence Materials Based on a Functional Unit Combination Strategy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306784. [PMID: 37781967 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
A rational molecular design strategy facilitates the development of a purely organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) material system with precisely regulated luminescence properties, which surely promotes its functional integration and intelligent application. Here, a functional unit combination strategy is proposed to design novel RTP molecules combining a folding unit with diverse luminescent cores. The different luminescent cores are mainly responsible for tunable RTP properties, while the folding unit contributes to the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) enhancement, which makes the RTP material design as workable as the building block principle. By this strategy, a series of color/lifetime-tunable RTP materials is achieved with unique photo-responsive RTP enhancement when subjected to UV irradiation, which expands their application scenarios in reusable privacy tags, advanced "4D" encryption, and phase separation analysis of blended polymers. This work suggests a simple and effective strategy to design purely organic RTP materials with tunable color and lifetime, and also provides new application options for photo-responsive dynamic RTP materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Haichao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yingbo Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shuaiqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, P. R. China
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18
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Yang XG, Chen YJ, Yin PP, Diao JW, Cheng YY, Ma LF. Direct White-Light Emitting From a Single Metal-Organic Framework with Dual Phosphorescence Peaks. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:19389-19394. [PMID: 38044829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Single component white-light-emitting (SCWLE) materials are extremely desired in the field of solid-state lighting. However, pure-phosphorescent SCWLE has rarely been reported. Herein, one halogen-bonding-containing MOF [Cd(5-BIPA)(phen)] (1) has been synthesized, which shows efficient white-light emission originating from dual phosphorescence bands with different wavelengths and lifetimes. The fabrication of a phosphor-converted white-light-emitting diode device driven by pulsing current enables this MOF to be a promising phosphor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Gang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Pei Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wei Diao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Yang Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Fang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang 471934, People's Republic of China
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19
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Ju CW, Wang XC, Li B, Ma Q, Shi Y, Zhang J, Xu Y, Peng Q, Zhao D. Evolution of organic phosphor through precision regulation of nonradiative decay. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2310883120. [PMID: 37934818 PMCID: PMC10655561 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310883120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of single-component organic phosphor attracts increasing interest due to its wide applications in optoelectronic technologies. Theoretically, activating efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) via 1(π, π*) to 3(π, π*) transitions, rather than 1(n, π*) → 3(π, π*) transitions, is an alternative access to purely organic phosphors but remains challenging. Herein, we designed and successfully synthesized the sila-8-membered ring fused biaryl benzoskeleton by transition metal catalysis, which served as a new organic phosphor with efficient 1(π, π*) to 3(π, π*) ISC. We first found that such a compound exhibits a record-long phosphorescence lifetime of 6.5 s at low temperature for single-component organic systems. Then, we developed two strategies to tune their decay channels to evolve such nonemissive molecules into bright phosphors with elongated lifetimes at room temperature: 1) Physic-based design, where quantitative analyses of electron-phonon coupling led us to reveal and hinder the major nonradiative channels, thus lighted up room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) with a lifetime of 480 ms at 298 K; 2) chemical geometry-driven molecular engineering, where a geometry-based descriptor ΔΘT1-S0/ΘS0 was developed for rational screening RTP candidates and further improved the RTP lifetime to 794 ms. This study clearly shows the power of interdiscipline among synthetic methodology, physics-based rational design, and computational modeling, which represents a paradigm for the development of an organic emitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Ju
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi-Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiushi Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI53233
| | - Yuhao Shi
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuzhi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY10003
| | - Qian Peng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Yang X, Waterhouse GIN, Lu S, Yu J. Recent advances in the design of afterglow materials: mechanisms, structural regulation strategies and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8005-8058. [PMID: 37880991 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00993e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Afterglow materials are attracting widespread attention owing to their distinctive and long-lived optical emission properties which create exciting opportunities in various fields. Recent research has led to the discovery of many new afterglow materials featuring high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) and lifetimes of up to several hours under ambient conditions. Afterglow materials are typically categorized according to their luminescence mechanism, such as long-persistent luminescence (LPL), room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), or thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Through rational design and novel synthetic strategies to modulate spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and populate triplet exciton states (T1), luminophores with long lifetimes and bright afterglow characteristics can be realized. Initial research towards afterglow materials focused mainly on pure inorganic materials, many of which possessed inherent disadvantages such as metal toxicity or low energy emissions. In recent years, organic-inorganic hybrid afterglow materials (OIHAMs) have been developed with high PLQY and long lifetimes. These hybrid materials exploit the tunable structure and easy processing of organic molecules, as well as enhanced SOC and intersystem crossing (ISC) processes involving heavy atom dopants, to achieve excellent afterglow performance. In this review, we begin by briefly discussing the structure and composition of inorganic and organic-inorganic hybrid afterglow materials, including strategies for regulating their lifetime, PLQY and luminescence wavelength. The specific advantages of organic-inorganic hybrid afterglow materials, including low manufacturing costs, diverse molecular/electronic structures, tunable structures and optical properties, and compatibility with a variety of substrates, are emphasized. Subsequently, we discuss in detail the fundamental mechanisms used by afterglow materials, their classification, design principles, and end applications (including sensing, anticounterfeiting, and photoelectric devices, among others). Finally, existing challenges and promising future directions are discussed, laying a platform for the design of afterglow materials for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | | | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jihong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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21
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Wang SD, Xue ZZ, Mu Y, Li JH, Wang GM. Multicolor Phosphorescence Modulated by Excitation and Temperature in Zn-Based Coordination Polymers. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17464-17469. [PMID: 37820048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Color-tunable room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) with potential in many fields is of great importance but extremely challenging. It is necessary to comprehend the correlation between the molecular structure and property to design and synthesize such materials. Metal-organic coordination polymers (CPs) with good predesignability and precise structure have become a platform to construct RTP materials. Herein, three zinc-based CPs containing halogen and a flexible tetradentate ligand are synthesized. All of these CPs present two constant emission regions and an excitation-dependent emission region. Structure-property analysis shows that these emissions originate from isolated chromophores and dimerized chromophores as well as various charge transfers. The phosphorescence colors of these CPs can be modulated by excitation and temperature. This study provides a novel strategy to construct multicolor and multiresponsive RTP materials based on metal-organic coordination polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Dong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Xue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Ying Mu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Hua Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Ming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
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22
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Partanen I, Al-Saedy O, Eskelinen T, Karttunen AJ, Saarinen JJ, Mrózek O, Steffen A, Belyaev A, Chou PT, Koshevoy IO. Fast and Tunable Phosphorescence from Organic Ionic Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305108. [PMID: 37227225 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline diphosphonium iodides [MeR2 P-spacer-R2 Me]I with phenylene (1, 2), naphthalene (3, 4), biphenyl (5) and anthracene (6) as aromatic spacers, are photoemissive under ambient conditions. The emission colors (λem values from 550 to 880 nm) and intensities (Φem reaching 0.75) are defined by the composition and substitution geometry of the central conjugated chromophore motif, and the anion-π interactions. Time-resolved and variable-temperature luminescence studies suggest phosphorescence for all the titled compounds, which demonstrate observed lifetimes of 0.46-92.23 μs at 297 K. Radiative rate constants kr as high as 2.8×105 s-1 deduced for salts 1-3 were assigned to strong spin-orbit coupling enhanced by an external heavy atom effect arising from the anion-π charge-transfer character of the triplet excited state. These rates of anomalously fast metal-free phosphorescence are comparable to those of transition metal complexes and organic luminophores that utilize triplet excitons via a thermally activated delayed fluorescence mechanism, making such ionic luminophores a new paradigm for the design of photofunctional and responsive molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iida Partanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Omar Al-Saedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Toni Eskelinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Antti J Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Jarkko J Saarinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Ondrej Mrózek
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrey Belyaev
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Chemistry/Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9C, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 10617 (ROC)
| | - Igor O Koshevoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
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23
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Wu S, Zhang H, Mao Z, Liang Y, Li JA, Hu P, Zhang Q, Liu C, Luo S, Wang Y, Shi G, Xu B. Achieving Stable and Switchable Ultralong Room-Temperature Phosphorescence from Polymer-Based Luminescent Materials with Three-Dimensional Covalent Networks for Light-Manipulated Anticounterfeiting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39896-39904. [PMID: 37555378 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Developing polymer-based organic afterglow materials with switchable ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) that are insensitive to moisture remains challenging. Herein, two organic luminogens, BBCC and BBCS, were synthesized by attaching 7H-benzo[c]carbazole (BBC) to benzophenone and diphenyl sulfone. These two emitters were employed as guest molecules and doped into epoxy polymers (EPs), which were constructed by in situ polymerization to achieve polymer materials BBCC-EP and BBCS-EP. It was found that BBCC-EP and BBCS-EP films exhibited significant photoactivated UOP properties. After light irradiation, they could produce a conspicuous organic afterglow with phosphorescence quantum yields and lifetimes up to 5.35% and 1.91 s, respectively. Meanwhile, BBCS-EP also presented photochromic characteristics. Upon thermal annealing, the UOP could be turned off, and the polymer films recovered to their pristine state, showing switchable organic afterglow. In addition, BBCC-EP and BBCS-EP displayed excellent water resistance and still produced obvious UOP after soaking in water for 4 weeks. Inspired by the unique photoactivated UOP and photochromic properties, BBCC and BBCS in the mixtures of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and 1,3-propanediamine were employed as security inks for light-controlled multilevel anticounterfeiting. This work may provide helpful guidance for developing photostimuli-responsive polymer-based organic afterglow materials, especially those with stable UOP under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Wu
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huaqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhu Mao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yaohui Liang
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian-An Li
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Pengtao Hu
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Suilian Luo
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuhai Wang
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang Shi
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bingjia Xu
- School of Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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24
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Gao W, Liu Z, Dai X, Sun W, Gong Q, Li J, Ge Y. Color-Tunable Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence: Commercially Available Triphenylmethylamine for UV-Light Response and Anticounterfeiting. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300450. [PMID: 37387329 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to the unclear mechanism and lack of effective design for color-tunable ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) in a single-component molecule, the development of new types of single-component UOP materials with color-tunable property remains challenging. Herein, commercially available triphenylmethylamine-based single-component phosphors featuring color-tunablity and ultralong lifetime (0.56 s) are reported. The changed afterglow colors from cyan to orange were observed after different wavelengths of UV excitation. Crystal structure and calculation studies show that multiple emission centers in the aggregated states may be responsible for the color-tunablity. In addition, visual probing of UV light (from 260 to 370 nm) and colorful anti-counterfeiting were conducted. More importantly, UV light ranging from 350 to 370 nm could be detected with the minimal interval of 2 nm. The findings provide a new type of single-component color-tunable UOP materials and shed new light on mechanism and design for such materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, P. R. China
| | - Zhenliang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, P. R. China
| | - Xianyin Dai
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, P. R. China
| | - Weitao Sun
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, P. R. China
| | - Qi Gong
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, P. R. China
| | - Jinwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Ge
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271016, P. R. China
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25
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Wang G, Chen X, Li X, Zeng Y, Zhang K. Mechanism landscape in pyrylium induced organic afterglow systems. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8180-8186. [PMID: 37538825 PMCID: PMC10395265 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01500a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of excited states and their dynamics represents a central topic in luminescence systems. We report an unexpected emergence of a high-performance organic afterglow in pyrylium induced photopolymerization systems, as well as the establishment of the mechanism landscape of the afterglow systems as a function of monomer types. In the case of methyl methacrylate, after pyrylium-catalyzed photopolymerization, the obtained materials exhibit a TADF-type organic afterglow with an afterglow efficiency of 70.4%. By using heavy-atom-containing methacrylate, the external heavy atom effect speeds up phosphorescence decay and switches on room-temperature phosphorescence in pyrylium-polymer systems. When 9-vinylcarbazole is used, the resultant materials display organic long persistent luminescence with hour-long durations and emission maxima around 650 nm. The intriguing mechanism landscape reflects the delicate balance of multiple photophysical processes in the pyrylium induced organic afterglow systems, which has been rarely explored in the reported studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Kaka Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
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26
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Ma L, Liu Y, Tian H, Ma X. Switching Singlet Exciton to Triplet for Efficient Pure Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescence by Rational Molecular Design. JACS AU 2023; 3:1835-1842. [PMID: 37502164 PMCID: PMC10369410 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The design and regulation of phosphors are attractive but challenging because of the spin-forbidden intersystem crossing (ISC) process. Here, a new perspective on the enhancement of the ISC is proposed and demonstrated. Different from current strategies, the ISC yield (ΦISC) is enhanced by decreasing the fluorescence radiative transition rate constant (kF) via rational molecular designing rather than boosting the spin-orbit coupling by decorating the molecular skeleton with a heavy atom, heteroatom, or carbonyl. The kF of the designed molecule in this case is associated with the substituent position of the methoxy group, which alters the distribution of the front orbitals. The S0 → S1 transition of these compounds evolves from a bright state to a dark state gradually with the variation of the substituent position, accompanied by the decrease of kF and increase of ΦISC. The fluorescence emission is switched to phosphorescence emission successfully by regulating the kF. This work provides an alternative strategy to design efficient room-temperature phosphorescence material.
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27
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Wu Z, Choi H, Hudson ZM. Achieving White-Light Emission Using Organic Persistent Room Temperature Phosphorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202301186. [PMID: 37189285 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Artificial lighting currently consumes approximately one-fifth of global electricity production. Organic emitters with white persistent RTP have potential for applications in energy-efficient lighting technologies, due to their ability to harvest both singlet and triplet excitons. Compared to heavy metal phosphorescent materials, they have significant advantages in cost, processability, and reduced toxicity. Phosphorescence efficiency can be improved by introducing heteroatoms, heavy atoms, or by incorporating luminophores within a rigid matrix. White-light emission can be achieved by tuning the ratio of fluorescence to phosphorescence intensity or by pure phosphorescence with a broad emission spectrum. This review summarizes recent advances in the design of purely organic RTP materials with white-light emission, describing single-component and host-guest systems. White phosphorescent carbon dots and representative applications of white-light RTP materials are also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Heekyoung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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28
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Chen Z, Li M, Gu Q, Peng X, Qiu W, Xie W, Liu D, Jiao Y, Liu K, Zhou J, Su S. Highly Efficient Purely Organic Phosphorescence Light-Emitting Diodes Employing a Donor-Acceptor Skeleton with a Phenoxaselenine Donor. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207003. [PMID: 36806703 PMCID: PMC10131844 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Purely organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials generally exhibit low phosphorescence quantum yield (ϕP ) and long phosphorescence lifetime (τP ) due to the theoretically spin-forbidden triplet state. Herein, by introducing a donor-acceptor (D-A) skeleton with a phenoxaselenine donor, three nonaromatic amine donor containing compounds with high ϕP and short τP in amorphous films are developed. Besides the enhanced spin-orbit coupling (SOC) by the heavy-atom effect of selenium, the D-A skeleton which facilitates orbital angular momentum change can further boost SOC, and severe nonradiative energy dissipation is also suppressed by the rigid molecular structure. Consequently, a record-high external quantum efficiency of 19.5% are achieved for the RTP organic light-emitting diode (OLED) based on 2-(phenoxaselenin-3-yl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (PXSeDRZ). Moreover, voltage-dependent color-tunable emission and single-molecule white emission are also realized. These results shed light on the broad prospects of purely organic phosphorescence materials as highly efficient OLED emitters especially for potential charming lighting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyWushan Road 381, Tianhe DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong Province510640P. R. China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyWushan Road 381, Tianhe DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong Province510640P. R. China
| | - Qing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyWushan Road 381, Tianhe DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong Province510640P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyWushan Road 381, Tianhe DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong Province510640P. R. China
| | - Weidong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyWushan Road 381, Tianhe DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong Province510640P. R. China
| | - Wentao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyWushan Road 381, Tianhe DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong Province510640P. R. China
| | - Denghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyWushan Road 381, Tianhe DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong Province510640P. R. China
| | - Yihang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyWushan Road 381, Tianhe DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong Province510640P. R. China
| | - Kunkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyWushan Road 381, Tianhe DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong Province510640P. R. China
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyWushan Road 381, Tianhe DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong Province510640P. R. China
| | - Shi‐Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyWushan Road 381, Tianhe DistrictGuangzhouGuangdong Province510640P. R. China
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29
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Su H, Hu K, Huang W, Wang T, Zhang X, Chen B, Miao H, Zhang X, Zhang G. Functional Roles of Polymers in Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Materials: Modulation of Intersystem Crossing, Air Sensitivity and Biological Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218712. [PMID: 36718871 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Organic room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials routinely incorporate polymeric components, which usually act as non-functional or "inert" media to protect excited-state phosphors from thermal and collisional quenching, but are lesser explored for other influences. Here, we report some exemplary "active roles" of polymer matrices played in organic RTP materials, including: 1) color modulation of total delayed emissions via balancing the population ratio between thermally-activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and RTP due to dielectric-dependent intersystem crossing; 2) altered air sensitivity of RTP materials by generating various surface morphologies such as nano-sized granules; 3) enhanced bacterial elimination for enhanced electrostatic interactions with negatively charged bio-membranes. These active roles demonstrated that the vast library of polymeric structures and functionalities can be married to organic phosphors to broaden new application horizons for RTP materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Su
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Kan Hu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wenhuan Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Biao Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hui Miao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xuepeng Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230088, China
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30
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Yang Z, Fu Z, Liu H, Wu M, Li N, Wang K, Zhang ST, Zou B, Yang B. Pressure-induced room-temperature phosphorescence enhancement based on purely organic molecules with a folded geometry. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2640-2645. [PMID: 36908955 PMCID: PMC9993843 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00172e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The pressure-dependent luminescence behavior of purely organic compounds is an important topic in the field of stimulus-responsive smart materials. However, the relevant studies are mainly limited to the investigation of fluorescence properties, while room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of purely organic compounds has not been investigated. Here, we filled in this gap regarding pressure-dependent RTP by using a model molecule selenanthrene (SeAN) with a folded geometry. For the first time to the best of our knowledge, a unique phenomenon involving pressure-induced RTP enhancement was discovered in an SeAN crystal, and an underlying mechanism involving folding-induced spin-orbit coupling enhancement was revealed. Pressure-induced RTP enhancement was also observed in an analog of SeAN also showing a folded geometry, but in this case yielded a white-light emission that is very rare in purely organic RTP-displaying materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Zhiyuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Haichao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Shi-Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Bo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
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31
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Xia Y, Zhu C, Cao F, Shen Y, Ouyang M, Zhang Y. Host-Guest Doping in Flexible Organic Crystals for Room-Temperature Phosphorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217547. [PMID: 36585393 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Organic single crystals (OSCs) with excellent flexibility and unique optical properties are of great importance due to their broad applicability in optical/optoelectronic devices and sensors. Nevertheless, fabricating flexible OSCs with room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) remains a great challenge. Herein, we propose a host-guest doping strategy to achieve both RTP and flexibility of OSCs. The single-stranded crystal is highly bendable upon external force application and can immediately return to its original straight shape after removal of the stress, impressively emitting bright deep-red phosphorescence. The theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the bright RTP arises from Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the triphenylene molecules to the dopants. This strategy is both conceptually and synthetically simple and offers a universal approach for the preparation of flexible OSCs with RTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xia
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road NO.688, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road. NO. 18, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Chenfei Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road. NO. 18, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Engineering Technology, Huzhou College, Xueshi Road. NO. 1, Huzhou, 313000, P. R. China
| | - Yunxia Shen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road NO.688, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Mi Ouyang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road. NO. 18, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yujian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road NO.688, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
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32
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Li JA, Zhang L, Wu C, Huang Z, Li S, Zhang H, Yang Q, Mao Z, Luo S, Liu C, Shi G, Xu B. Switchable and Highly Robust Ultralong Room-Temperature Phosphorescence from Polymer-Based Transparent Films with Three-Dimensional Covalent Networks for Erasable Light Printing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217284. [PMID: 36512442 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an efficient polymer-based organic afterglow system, which shows reversible photochromism, switchable ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP), and prominent water and chemical resistance simultaneously, has been developed for the first time. By doping phenoxazine (PXZ) and 10-ethyl-10H-phenoxazine (PXZEt) into epoxy polymers, the resulting PXZ@EP-0.25 % and PXZEt@EP-0.25 % films show unique photoactivated UOP properties, with phosphorescence quantum yields and lifetimes up to 10.8 % and 845 ms, respectively. It is found that the steady-state luminescence and UOP of PXZ@EP-0.25 % are switchable by light irradiation and thermal annealing. Moreover, the doped films can still produce conspicuous UOP after soaking in water, strong acid and base, and organic solvents for more than two weeks, exhibiting outstanding water and chemical resistance. Inspired by these exciting results, the PXZ@EP-0.25 % has been successfully exploited as an erasable transparent film for light printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-An Li
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Letian Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chunlei Wu
- Guangzhou Huifu Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Zihao Huang
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shufeng Li
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huaqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingchen Yang
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhu Mao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Suilian Luo
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guang Shi
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bingjia Xu
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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33
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Su Y, Wu M, Wang G, Li J, Chen X, Li X, Wang G, Zhang K. Benzophenone-containing phosphors with an unprecedented long lifetime of 1.8 s under ambient conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1525-1528. [PMID: 36661043 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06601g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that benzophenone has a short phosphorescence lifetime of around 1 ms even at 77 K. Here we report a benzophenone-containing emitter with an unprecedented long phosphorescence lifetime of 1.8 s under ambient conditions, which can be attributed to its T1 state of localized excitation nature as revealed by detailed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Minjian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiuyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xun Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kaka Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
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34
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Haque A, Alenezi KM, Khan MS, Wong WY, Raithby PR. Non-covalent interactions (NCIs) in π-conjugated functional materials: advances and perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:454-472. [PMID: 36594823 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00262k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The design and development of functional materials with real-life applications are highly demanding. Understanding and controlling inter- and intra-molecular interactions provide opportunities to design new materials. A judicious manipulation of the molecular structure significantly alters such interactions and can boost selected properties and functions of the material. There is burgeoning evidence of the beneficial effects of non-covalent interactions (NCIs), showing that manipulating NCIs may generate functional materials with a wide variety of physical properties leading to applications in catalysis, drug delivery, crystal engineering, etc. This prompted us to review the implications of NCIs on the molecular packing, optical properties, and applications of functional π-conjugated materials. To this end, this tutorial review will cover different types of interactions (electrostatic, π-interactions, metallophilic, etc.) and their impact on π-conjugated materials. Attempts have also been made to delineate the effects of weak interactions on opto-electronic (O-E) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalaf M Alenezi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad S Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Paul R Raithby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, UK.
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35
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Xu X, Yan B. Recent advances in room temperature phosphorescence materials: design strategies, internal mechanisms and intelligent optical applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1457-1475. [PMID: 36597905 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05063c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials comprising organic-inorganic hybrid, pure organic, and polymer RTP materials have been a research focus due to their tunable molecular structures, long emission lifetimes and extensive optical applications. Many design methods including halogen bonding interactions, heavy atom effect, metal-organic frameworks, polymerization, host-guest doping, and H-aggregation have been developed by RTP researchers. Narrowing the energy gap between the S1 and lowest Tn states, enhancing the intersystem crossing (ISC) rate, increasing the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) value and stabilizing triplet emission states are the core factors to promoting RTP performance. In this review, lots of cases of organic-inorganic hybrid, pure organic, and polymer RTP materials with advanced design strategies, excellent RTP properties and intelligent applications have been classified and sorted. Their molecule structural designability and stimulus responsiveness endow them with RTP adjustability, which makes them excellent phosphors for modern optical applications. This review provides a systematic case elaboration of typical RTP systems in recent years and identifies the future challenges to improving RTP performance and finding novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Bing Yan
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China.
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36
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Duan X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhang M, Jiang YN, Ma Y. Crucial Role of Defect States in the Ultralong Phosphorescence of Organic Molecular Crystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:230-236. [PMID: 36594617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) in pure organic molecular crystals has attracted a lot of interest recently. There is much debate on the emission mechanism of this UOP. Two recent experimental works published in Nat. Photonics 2019, 13, 406-411 and Nat. Mater. 2021, 20, 175-180 attribute UOP in the 2,4,6-trimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine (TMOT) crystals and the carbazole crystals to H-aggregation of the TMOT molecules or the formation of charge-transfer excitons between the carbazole and impurity molecules. Our first-principles many-body Green's function theory calculations show that the lowest triplet states of these two crystals are in fact the localized defect states originating from the twisted TMOT molecules and the impurities, respectively. Energies of the H-aggregation-induced exciton and the charge-transfer exciton are too high to account for UOP. UOP should be mainly due to the little orbital overlap between the localized defect state and the delocalized band edges of the crystal. Strong intermolecular interactions suppress nonradiative decay of the triplet exciton localized on the defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yaru Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ya-Nan Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuchen Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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37
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Zheng X, Han Q, Lin Q, Li C, Jiang J, Guo Q, Ye X, Yuan WZ, Liu Y, Tao X. A processable, scalable, and stable full-color ultralong afterglow system based on heteroatom-free hydrocarbon doped polymers. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:197-208. [PMID: 36331106 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00998f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) organic materials are a widely-studied topic especially popular in recent decades, long-lived RTP able to fulfil broad time-resolved application requirements reliably, are still rare. Polymeric materials doped with phosphorescent chromophores generally feature high productivity and diverse applications, compared with their crystalline counterparts. This study proves that pure polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may even outperform chromophores containing hetero- or heavy-atoms. Full-color (blue, green, orange and red) polymer-PAHs with lifetimes >5000 ms under ambient conditions are constructed, which provide impressive values compared to the widely reported polymer-based RTP materials in the respective color regions. The polymer-PAHs could be fabricated on a large-scale using various methods (solution, melt and in situ polymerization), be processed into diverse forms (writing ink, fibers, films, and complex 3D architectures), and be used in a range of applications (anti-counterfeiting, information storage, and oxygen sensors). Plus their environmental (aqueous) stability makes the polymer-PAHs a promising option to expand the portfolio of organic RTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Quanxiang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Qinglian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Cuicui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Jinke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Qing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Wang Zhang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Xutang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.
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38
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Zhang X, Qian C, Ma Z, Fu X, Li Z, Jin H, Chen M, Jiang H, Ma Z. A Class of Organic Units Featuring Matrix-Controlled Color-Tunable Ultralong Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescence. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206482. [PMID: 36567308 PMCID: PMC9875667 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel class of organic units (N-1 and N-2) and their derivatives (PNNA-1 and PNNA-2) with excellent property of ultralong organic room temperature phosphorescence (UORTP) is reported. In this work, N-1, N-2, and their derivatives function as the guests, while organic powders (PNCz, BBP, DBT) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) serve as the host matrixes. Amazingly, the color of phosphorescence can be tuned in different states or by varying the host matrixes. At 77 K, all molecules show green afterglow in the monomer state but yellow afterglow in the aggregated state because strong intermolecular interactions exist in the self-aggregate and induce a redshift of the afterglow. In particular, PNNA-1 and PNNA-2 demonstrate distinctive photoactivated green UORTP in the PMMA film owing to the generation of their cation radicals. Whereas the PNNA-1@PNCz and PNNA-2@PNCz doping powders give out yellow UORTP, showing matrix-controlled color-tunable UORTP. In PNCz, the cation radicals of PNNA-1 and PNNA-2 can stay stably and form strong intermolecular interactions with PNCz, leading to a redshift of ultralong phosphorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesCollege of Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Chen Qian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesCollege of Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Zhimin Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Xiaohua Fu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesCollege of Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Zewei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Huiwen Jin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesCollege of Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Mingxing Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesCollege of Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
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39
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Li W, Huang Q, Mao Z, He X, Ma D, Zhao J, Lam JWY, Zhang Y, Tang BZ, Chi Z. A dish-like molecular architecture for dynamic ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence through reversible guest accommodation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7423. [PMID: 36456562 PMCID: PMC9715674 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35155-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing dynamic organic ultralong room-temperature phosphorescent (URTP) materials is of practical importance in various applications but remains a challenge due to the difficulty in manipulating aggregate structures. Herein, we report a dish-like molecular architecture via a bottom-up way, featuring guest-responsive dynamic URTP. Through controlling local fragment motions in the molecular architecture, fascinating dynamic URTP performances can be achieved in response to reversible accommodation of various guests, including solvents, alkyl bromides and even carbon dioxide. Large-scale regulations of phosphorescence lifetime (100-fold) and intensity (10-fold) can be realized, presenting a maximum phosphorescence efficiency and lifetime of 78.8% and 483.1 ms, respectively. Moreover, such a dish-like molecular architecture is employed for temperature-dependent multiple information encryption and visual identification of linear alkyl bromides. This work can not only deepen our understanding to construct multifunctional organic aggregates, but also facilitate the design of high-performance dynamic URTP materials and enrich their practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlang Li
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XPCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China ,grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiuyi Huang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XPCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhu Mao
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XPCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi He
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XPCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongyu Ma
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XPCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XPCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong, China ,grid.511521.3School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172 Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenguo Chi
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XPCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
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40
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Ultralong room temperature phosphorescence via the charge transfer-separation-recombination mechanism based on organic small molecule doping strategy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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41
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Liu S, Gao Y, Zhang K, Liu S, Lan H, Lin L, Wang CK, Fan J, Song Y. The mechanism of intramolecular halogen bonding enhanced the quantum efficiency of ultralong organic phosphorescence in the aggregated state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:22905-22917. [PMID: 36124903 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02847f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) has broad application prospects in many fields, but realizing its high quantum efficiency is still full of challenges. One of the main reasons is that the internal luminescence mechanism is unclear and theoretical investigations to reveal the inner structure-property relationship are highly desired. Herein, the internal mechanism of halogen bonding enhancing the quantum efficiency of UOP is studied through the combination of quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics methods coupled with the thermal vibration correlation function (TVCF) method. Geometric and electronic data are obtained by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. Transition properties, energy gaps, intermolecular interactions, excited state dynamics as well as Huang-Rhys factors and reorganization energies are analyzed in detail. The results show that the high phosphorescence quantum efficiency benefits from the fast intersystem crossing (ISC) process and the slow non-radiative decay process. The halogen bonding, which cooperates with the effects of aromatic carbonyl and heavy atoms, not only accelerates the ISC rate by increasing the spin-orbit coupling effect, but also restricts the molecular motion and reduces the non-radiative energy consumption. Furthermore, through wise molecular design, an efficient UOP molecule with fast ISC and slow non-radiative decay rates is proposed. This work provides an insight into realizing efficient UOP emission via intramolecular halogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songsong Liu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, 250014 Jinan, China.
| | - Yang Gao
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, 250014 Jinan, China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, 250014 Jinan, China.
| | - Shulei Liu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, 250014 Jinan, China.
| | - Hao Lan
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, 250014 Jinan, China.
| | - Lili Lin
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, 250014 Jinan, China.
| | - Chuan-Kui Wang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, 250014 Jinan, China.
| | - Jianzhong Fan
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, 250014 Jinan, China.
| | - Yuzhi Song
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, 250014 Jinan, China.
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42
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Fluorescence-based monitoring of the pressure-induced aggregation microenvironment evolution for an AIEgen under multiple excitation channels. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5234. [PMID: 36068224 PMCID: PMC9448794 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32968-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of organic solid-state luminescent materials, especially those sensitive to aggregation microenvironment, is critical for their applications in devices such as pressure-sensitive elements, sensors, and photoelectric devices. However, it still faces certain challenges and a deep understanding of the corresponding internal mechanisms is required. Here, we put forward an unconventional strategy to explore the pressure-induced evolution of the aggregation microenvironment, involving changes in molecular conformation, stacking mode, and intermolecular interaction, by monitoring the emission under multiple excitation channels based on a luminogen with aggregation-induced emission characteristics of di(p-methoxylphenyl)dibenzofulvene. Under three excitation wavelengths, the distinct emission behaviors have been interestingly observed to reveal the pressure-induced structural evolution, well consistent with the results from ultraviolet-visible absorption, high-pressure angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction, and infrared studies, which have rarely been reported before. This finding provides important insights into the design of organic solid luminescent materials and greatly promotes the development of stimulus-responsive luminescent materials.
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43
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Zheng X, Huang Y, Lv W, Fan J, Ling Q, Lin Z. Nearly Unity Quantum Yield Persistent Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence from Heavy Atom‐Free Rigid Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207104. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Yuanshan Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Wei Lv
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Jianzhong Fan
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China
| | - Qidan Ling
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Zhenghuan Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Fuzhou 350007 China
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44
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Guo Y, Chen K, Hu Z, Lei Y, Liu X, Liu M, Cai Z, Xiao J, Wu H, Huang X. Metal Ions as the Third Component Coordinate with the Guest to Stereoscopically Enhance the Phosphorescence Properties of Doped Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7607-7617. [PMID: 35950964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The construction of multicomponent doped systems is an important direction for the development of phosphorescence materials. Herein, benzophenone is selected as the host, phenylquinoline isomers are designed as guests, and seven metal ions are selected as the third component (Al3+, Cu+/2+, Zn2+, Ga3+, Ag+, Cd2+, and In3+) to construct the three-component doped system. Ag+ and Cd2+ can considerably increase the emission intensity up to 38 times, and the highest phosphorescence quantum efficiency reaches 70%. Al3+, Ga3+, and In3+ can prolong the emission wavelength, and the phosphorescence wavelength can be red-shifted up to 60 nm. Cu2+, Ga3+, and In3+ can extend the phosphorescence lifetime by a maximum of 3.6 times. A series of experiments demonstrated that the coordination of metals and guests is the key to improve the phosphorescence properties. This work presents a simple and effective strategy to enhance the phosphorescence properties of doped materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China
| | - Kaijun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China
| | - Zechen Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China
| | - Yunxiang Lei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China
| | - Miaochang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, P.R. China
| | - Jiawen Xiao
- Institute of Microstructureand Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P.R. China
| | - Huayue Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China
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45
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Zhang Q, Wang S, Xiong X, Fu P, Zhang X, Fan Y, Pan M. High‐Temperature and Dynamic RGB (Red‐Green‐Blue) Long‐Persistent Luminescence in an Anti‐Kasha Organic Compound. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205556. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang‐Sheng Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Lehn Institute of Functional Materials School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Shi‐Cheng Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Lehn Institute of Functional Materials School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xiao‐Hong Xiong
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Lehn Institute of Functional Materials School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Peng‐Yan Fu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Lehn Institute of Functional Materials School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xiao‐Dong Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Lehn Institute of Functional Materials School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ya‐Nan Fan
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Lehn Institute of Functional Materials School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Mei Pan
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Lehn Institute of Functional Materials School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
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46
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Wang Z, Gao L, Zheng Y, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Wang C, Li Y, Zhao Y, Yang C. Four‐in‐One Stimulus‐Responsive Long‐Lived Luminescent Systems Based on Pyrene‐Doped Amorphous Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203254. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 China
| | - Liang Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 China
| | - Yan Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 China
| | - Yinyin Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 China
| | - Xian Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 China
| | - Chang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 China
| | - Youbing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Chaolong Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing 400054 China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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47
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Cao FY, Liu HH, Mu Y, Xue ZZ, Li JH, Wang GM. Enabling Dual Phosphorescence by Locating a Flexible Ligand in Zn-Based Hybrid Frameworks. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6975-6980. [PMID: 35881076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials with recognizable afterglow property have gained widespread attraction. Multicolor RTP has added benefits in multiplexed biological labeling, a zero background ratiometric sensor, a multicolor display, and other fields. However, it is a great challenge to prepare multicolor RTP from a single-component compound according to Kasha's rule. Herein, we propose a strategy to design multicolor RTP in a metal-organic hybrid framework through constructing chromophores in both isolated state and dimer state using a flexible tetradentate ligand. Two compounds were synthesized that presented blue and green dual phosphorescence with different lifetimes at ambient conditions. The photoluminescence mechanism has been thoroughly studied by structure-property analysis. This study provides various possibilities to prepare high-performing RTP materials by the rational design and synthesis of similar compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yuan Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Hao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Mu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Xue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hua Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Ming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, People's Republic of China
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48
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Zheng X, Huang Y, Lv W, Fan J, Ling Q, Lin Z. Nearly Unity Quantum Yield Persistent Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence from Heavy Atom‐Free Rigid Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Yuanshan Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Wei Lv
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Jianzhong Fan
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, School of Physics and Electronics Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China
| | - Qidan Ling
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Zhenghuan Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Fuzhou 350007 China
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49
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Chong KC, Chen C, Zhou C, Chen X, Ma D, Bazan GC, Chi Z, Liu B. Structurally Resemblant Dopants Enhance Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescence. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201569. [PMID: 35561003 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Doping has shown very promising potential in endowing room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) properties of organic phosphors with minimal effort. Here, a new isomer design and doping strategy is reported that is applicable to dibenzothiophene (DBT) and its derivatives. Three isomers are synthesized to study the dopant effect on enhancing RTP of DBT derivatives. It is found that isomer dopants bearing close resemblance to the host with matched highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels and small energy difference between singlet- and triplet-excited states can yield efficient RTP for the doped system. Meanwhile, phosphorescence color from yellow to red is achieved by varying isomer dopants used for doping the DBT derivatives. This work represents an RTP enhancement strategy based on isomer design and doping to construct luminescent organic phosphors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok Chan Chong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Chengjian Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Dongyu Ma
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Guillermo C Bazan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhenguo Chi
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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50
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Zhang Q, Wang S, Xiong X, Fu P, Zhang X, Fan Y, Pan M. High‐Temperature and Dynamic RGB (Red‐Green‐Blue) Long‐Persistent Luminescence in an Anti‐Kasha Organic Compound. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang‐Sheng Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Lehn Institute of Functional Materials School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Shi‐Cheng Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Lehn Institute of Functional Materials School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xiao‐Hong Xiong
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Lehn Institute of Functional Materials School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Peng‐Yan Fu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Lehn Institute of Functional Materials School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xiao‐Dong Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Lehn Institute of Functional Materials School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ya‐Nan Fan
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Lehn Institute of Functional Materials School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Mei Pan
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry Lehn Institute of Functional Materials School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
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