1
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Wang G, Chen A, Aryal P, Bietsch J. Synthetic approaches of carbohydrate based self-assembling systems. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 38904076 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00636d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-based self-assembling systems are essential for the formation of advanced biocompatible materials via a bottom-up approach. The self-assembling of sugar-based small molecules has applications encompassing many research fields and has been studied extensively. In this focused review, we will discuss the synthetic approaches for carbohydrate-based self-assembling (SA) systems, the mechanisms of the assembly, as well as the main properties and applications. This review will mainly cover recent publications in the last four years from January 2020 to December 2023. We will essentially focus on small molecule self-assembly, excluding polymer-based systems, which include various derivatives of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and oligosaccharides. Glycolipids, glycopeptides, and some glycoconjugate-based systems are discussed. Typically, in each category of systems, the system that can function as low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) will be discussed first, followed by self-assembling systems that produce micelles and aggregates. The last section of the review discusses stimulus-responsive self-assembling systems, especially those forming gels, including dynamic covalent assemblies, chemical-triggered systems, and photoresponsive systems. The review will be organized based on the sugar structures, and in each category, the synthesis of representative molecular systems will be discussed next, followed by the properties of the resulting molecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
| | - Anji Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
| | - Pramod Aryal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
| | - Jonathan Bietsch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
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2
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George A, Jayaraman N. Carbohydrate-Functionalized Anthracene Carboximides as Multivalent Ligands and Bio-Imaging Agents. Chemistry 2024:e202400941. [PMID: 38700909 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Anthracene carboximides (ACIs) conjugated with gluco-, galacto- and mannopyranosides are synthesized, by glycosylation of N-hydroxyethylanthracene carboximide acceptor with glycosyl donors. Glycoconjugation of anthracene carboximide increases the aq. solubility by more than 3-fold. The glycoconjugates display red-shifted absorption and emission, as compared to anthracene. Large Stokes shift (λabs/λem=445/525 nm) and high fluorescence quantum yields (Φ) of 0.86 and 0.5 occur in THF and water, respectively. The ACI-glycosides undergo facile photodimerization in aqueous solutions, leading to the formation of the head-to-tail dimer, as a mixture of syn and anti-isomers. Solution phase and solid-state characterizations by dynamic light scattering (DLS), microscopic imaging by atomic force (AFM) and transmission electron (TEM) microscopies reveal self-assembled vesicle structures of ACI glycosides. These self-assembled structures act as multivalent glycoclusters for ligand-specific lectin binding, as evidenced by the binding of Man-ACI to Con A, by fluorescence and turbidity assays. The conjugates do not show cellular cytotoxicity (IC50) till concentrations of 50 μM with HeLa and HepG2 cell lines and are cell-permeable, showing strong fluorescence inside the cells. These properties enable the glycoconjugates to be used in cell imaging. The non-selective cellular uptake of the glycoconjugates suggests a passive diffusion through the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne George
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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3
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Wu Y, Tang C, Lee JT, Zhang R, Bhunia S, Kundu P, Stern CL, Chen AXY, Shen D, Yang S, Han H, Li X, Wu H, Feng Y, Armstrong DW, Stoddart JF. Metal-Assisted Carbohydrate Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9801-9810. [PMID: 38551407 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The sequence-controlled assembly of nucleic acids and amino acids into well-defined superstructures constitutes one of the most revolutionary technologies in modern science. The elaboration of such superstructures from carbohydrates, however, remains elusive and largely unexplored on account of their intrinsic constitutional and configurational complexity, not to mention their inherent conformational flexibility. Here, we report the bottom-up assembly of two classes of hierarchical superstructures that are formed from a highly flexible cyclo-oligosaccharide─namely, cyclofructan-6 (CF-6). The formation of coordinative bonds between the oxygen atoms of CF-6 and alkali metal cations (i) locks a myriad of flexible conformations of CF-6 into a few rigid conformations, (ii) bridges adjacent CF-6 ligands, and (iii) gives rise to the multiple-level assembly of three extended frameworks. The hierarchical superstructures present in these frameworks have been shown to modulate their nanomechanical properties. This research highlights the unique opportunities of constructing convoluted superstructures from carbohydrates and should encourage future endeavors in this underinvestigated field of science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chun Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | | - Ruihua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Surojit Bhunia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Pramita Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Charlotte L Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Aspen X-Y Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Dengke Shen
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Shuliang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Han Han
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82072, United States
| | - Huang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yuanning Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- AZYP LLC, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311215, China
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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4
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Yang R, Li Y, Hua C, Sun Y, Li H, Wei B, Dong H, Liu K. Heat-Set Supramolecular Hydrogelation by Regulating the Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance for a Tunable Circularly Polarized Luminescent Switch. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307948. [PMID: 38016077 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Heat-set supramolecular gels exhibited totally opposite phase behaviors of dissolution upon cooling and gelation on heating. They are commonly discovered by chance and their rational design remains a great challenge. Herein, a rational design strategy is proposed to realize heat-set supramolecular hydrogelation through regulation of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of the system. A newly synthesized amphiphile hydrogelator with pyrene embedded in its lipophilic terminal can self-assemble into a hydrogel through a heating and cooling cycle. However, the host-guest complex of the gelator and hydrophilic γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CyD) results in a sol at room temperature. Thus, heat-set hydrogelation is realized from the sol state in a controllable manner. Heat-set gelation mechanism is revealed by exploring critical heat-set supramolecular gelation and the related findings provide a general strategy for developing new functional molecular gels with tunable hydrophilic-lipophilic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yuangang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Chunxia Hua
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yihuan Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Huajing Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Bizhuo Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Huanhuan Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Kaiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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5
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Takaba K, Maki-Yonekura S, Inoue I, Tono K, Fukuda Y, Shiratori Y, Peng Y, Morimoto J, Inoue S, Higashino T, Sando S, Hasegawa T, Yabashi M, Yonekura K. Comprehensive Application of XFEL Microcrystallography for Challenging Targets in Various Organic Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5872-5882. [PMID: 38415585 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing demand for structure determination from small crystals, and the three-dimensional electron diffraction (3D ED) technique can be employed for this purpose. However, 3D ED has certain limitations related to the crystal thickness and data quality. We here present the application of serial X-ray crystallography (SX) with X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) to small (a few μm or less) and thin (a few hundred nm or less) crystals of novel compounds dispersed on a substrate. For XFEL exposures, two-dimensional (2D) scanning of the substrate coupled with rotation enables highly efficient data collection. The recorded patterns can be successfully indexed using lattice parameters obtained through 3D ED. This approach is especially effective for challenging targets, including pharmaceuticals and organic materials that form preferentially oriented flat crystals in low-symmetry space groups. Some of these crystals have been difficult to solve or have yielded incomplete solutions using 3D ED. Our extensive analyses confirmed the superior quality of the SX data regardless of crystal orientations. Additionally, 2D scanning with XFEL pulses gives an overall distribution of the samples on the substrate, which can be useful for evaluating the properties of crystal grains and the quality of layered crystals. Therefore, this study demonstrates that XFEL crystallography has become a powerful tool for conducting structure studies of small crystals of organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyofumi Takaba
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | | | - Ichiro Inoue
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kensuke Tono
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fukuda
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yota Shiratori
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yiying Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jumpei Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Satoru Inoue
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Toshiki Higashino
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Hasegawa
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Koji Yonekura
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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6
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Elizebath D, Lim JH, Nishiyama Y, Vedhanarayanan B, Saeki A, Ogawa Y, Praveen VK. Nonclassical Crystal Growth of Supramolecular Polymers in Aqueous Medium. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306175. [PMID: 37771173 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
A mechanistic understanding of the principles governing the hierarchical organization of supramolecular polymers offers a paradigm for tailoring synthetic molecular architectures at the nano to micrometric scales. Herein, the unconventional crystal growth mechanism of a supramolecular polymer of superbenzene(coronene)-diphenylalanine conjugate (Cr-FFOEt ) is demonstrated. 3D electron diffraction (3D ED), a technique underexplored in supramolecular chemistry, is effectively utilized to gain a molecular-level understanding of the gradual growth of the initially formed poorly crystalline hairy, fibril-like supramolecular polymers into the ribbon-like crystallites. The further evolution of these nanosized flat ribbons into microcrystals by oriented attachment and lateral fusion is probed by time-resolved microscopy and electron diffraction. The gradual morphological and structural changes reveal the nonclassical crystal growth pathway, where the balance of strong and weak intermolecular interactions led to a structure beyond the nanoscale. The role of distinct π-stacking and H-bonding interactions that drive the nonclassical crystallization process of Cr-FFOEt supramolecular polymers is analyzed in comparison to analogous molecules, Py-FFOEt and Cr-FF forming helical and twisted fibers, respectively. Furthermore, the Cr-FFOEt crystals formed through nonclassical crystallization are found to improve the functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishya Elizebath
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jia Hui Lim
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | | | - Balaraman Vedhanarayanan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yu Ogawa
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Vakayil K Praveen
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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7
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Gowda A, Pathak SK, Rohaley GAR, Acharjee G, Oprandi A, Williams R, Prévôt ME, Hegmann T. Organic chiral nano- and microfilaments: types, formation, and template applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:316-340. [PMID: 37921354 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01390a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic chiral nanofilaments are part of an important class of nanoscale chiral materials that has recently been receiving significant attention largely due to their potential use in applications such as optics, photonics, metameterials, and potentially a range of medical as well as sensing applications. This review will focus on key examples of the formation of such nano- and micro-filaments based on carbon nanofibers, polymers, synthetic oligo- and polypeptides, self-assembled organic molecules, and one prominent class of liquid crystals. The most critical aspects discussed here are the underlying driving forces for chiral filament formation, potentially answering why specific sizes and shapes are formed, what molecular design strategies are working equally well or rather differently among these materials classes, and what uses and applications are driving research in this fascinating field of materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwathanarayana Gowda
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
| | - Suraj Kumar Pathak
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
| | - Grace A R Rohaley
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Gourab Acharjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Andrea Oprandi
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Ryan Williams
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Marianne E Prévôt
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Torsten Hegmann
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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8
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Xia Y, Hao A, Xing P. Chalcogen and Pnictogen Bonding-Modulated Multiple-Constituent Chiral Self-Assemblies. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21993-22003. [PMID: 37905541 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Chalcogen and pnictogen-based σ-hole interactions have shown limited applications in controlling supramolecular chirality. In this work, we employed chalcogen and pnictogen bonding to control supramolecular chirality in a multiple-constituent system with modulate chiral optics. Phenyl phosphonium-selenium conjugates with electrophilic σ-hole regions were allowed to coassemble with the π-conjugated deprotonated amino acids. Control experimental and computational results evidenced that the chalcogen and pnictogen bonding formed with carboxylates induced morphological transformation from achiral membranes to chiral helical nanotubes with emerging supramolecular chirality. Also, the chiral helical architectures accomplished inverted handedness and chiroptical activities, including circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence. Finally, synergistic chalcogen and pnictogen bonding was employed to stabilize the charge-transfer complexation to afford ternary chiral co-assemblies with evolved chiral optics and luminescence. This work, showing the role of chalcogen and pnictogen bonding in manipulating supramolecular chirality and optics, will expand the toolbox in the fabrication and property-tuning of chiral materials containing elements of Group VA and VIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Xia
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiyou Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyao Xing
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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9
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George A, Jayaraman N. Linker length-dependent morphologies in self-assembled structures of anthracene glucosides. Carbohydr Res 2023; 533:108933. [PMID: 37683400 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Anthracenemethyl glucosides, that possess ethylene glycol linkers connecting the glucoside with anthracene moiety, are studied herein. Koenigs-Knorr glycosylation of ethylene glycol-tethered anthracene with acetobromo glucose, followed by removal of the protecting groups, lead to the facile formation of the target glucosides. Aq. solutions of these anthracene glucosides readily undergo self-assembly, with critical aggregation concentration varying between 0.4 and 1 mM, depending on the linker, being ethylene-, di- and tetraethylene glycol, as assessed by photophysical evaluations. Circular dichroism spectra show chiral self-assembled structures for these glucosides in solution, from which a left-handed chirality is adjudged. Morphologies of the self-assembled structures of these glucosides are controlled by the linker length. With the ethylene glycol linker, vesicles form initially, around which tendrils start to grow as the concentration of the glucoside is increased. Whereas, di- and tetraethylene glycol-spaced glucosides prefer agglomerated fractal-like structures, as assessed by microscopies. The aggregation phenomenon in the latter glucosides appears to be under the non-equilibrium-driven, dissipative control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne George
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
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10
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Seibel J, Fittolani G, Mirhosseini H, Wu X, Rauschenbach S, Anggara K, Seeberger PH, Delbianco M, Kühne TD, Schlickum U, Kern K. Visualizing Chiral Interactions in Carbohydrates Adsorbed on Au(111) by High-Resolution STM Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305733. [PMID: 37522820 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are the most abundant organic material on Earth and the structural "material of choice" in many living systems. Nevertheless, design and engineering of synthetic carbohydrate materials presently lag behind that for protein and nucleic acids. Bottom-up engineering of carbohydrate materials demands an atomic-level understanding of their molecular structures and interactions in condensed phases. Here, high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is used to visualize at submolecular resolution the three-dimensional structure of cellulose oligomers assembled on Au(1111) and the interactions that drive their assembly. The STM imaging, supported by ab initio calculations, reveals the orientation of all glycosidic bonds and pyranose rings in the oligomers, as well as details of intermolecular interactions between the oligomers. By comparing the assembly of D- and L-oligomers, these interactions are shown to be enantioselective, capable of driving spontaneous enantioseparation of cellulose chains from its unnatural enantiomer and promoting the formation of engineered carbohydrate assemblies in the condensed phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Seibel
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany
- Current address: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Giulio Fittolani
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hossein Mirhosseini
- Dynamics of Condensed Matter and Center for Sustainable Systems Design, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Paderborn, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Xu Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stephan Rauschenbach
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX13TA, Oxford, UK
| | - Kelvin Anggara
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas D Kühne
- Dynamics of Condensed Matter and Center for Sustainable Systems Design, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Paderborn, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
- Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS) and Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 02826, Görlitz, Germany
| | - Uta Schlickum
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Klaus Kern
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institut de Physique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Gonçalves DPN, Ogolla T, Hegmann T. Chirality Transfer from an Innately Chiral Nanocrystal Core to a Nematic Liquid Crystal 2: Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200685. [PMID: 36197761 PMCID: PMC10092345 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The importance of and the difference between molecular versus structural core chirality of substances that form nanomaterials, and their ability to transmit and amplify their chirality to and within a surrounding condensed medium is yet to be exactly understood. Here we demonstrate that neat as well as disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) surface-modified cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with both molecular and morphological core chirality can induce homochirality in racemic nematic lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (rac-N-LCLC) tactoids. In comparison to the parent chiral organic building blocks, D-glucose, endowed only with molecular chirality, both CNCs showed a superior chirality transfer ability. Here, particularly the structurally compatible DSCG-modified CNCs prove to be highly effective since the surface DSCG moieties can insert into the DSCG stacks that constitute the racemic tactoids. Overall, this presents a highly efficient pathway for chiral induction in an aqueous medium and thus for understanding the origins of biological homochirality in a suitable experimental system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana P N Gonçalves
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242-0001, USA
| | - Timothy Ogolla
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242-0001, USA
| | - Torsten Hegmann
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242-0001, USA.,Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242-0001, USA
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12
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Ogawa Y, Putaux JL. Recent Advances in Electron Microscopy of Carbohydrate Nanoparticles. Front Chem 2022; 10:835663. [PMID: 35242740 PMCID: PMC8886399 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.835663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate nanoparticles, both naturally derived and synthetic ones, have attracted scientific and industrial attention as high-performance renewable building blocks of functional materials. Electron microscopy (EM) has played a central role in investigations of their morphology and molecular structure, although the intrinsic radiation sensitivity of carbohydrate crystals has often hindered the in-depth characterization with EM techniques. This contribution reviews the recent advances in the electron microscopy of the carbohydrate nanoparticles. In particular, we highlight the recent efforts made to understand the three-dimensional shape and structural heterogeneity of nanoparticles using low-dose electron tomography and electron diffraction techniques coupled with cryogenic transmission electron microscopy.
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13
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Poveda A, Fittolani G, Seeberger PH, Delbianco M, Jiménez-Barbero J. The Flexibility of Oligosaccharides Unveiled Through Residual Dipolar Coupling Analysis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:784318. [PMID: 34859057 PMCID: PMC8631391 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.784318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic flexibility of glycans complicates the study of their structures and dynamics, which are often important for their biological function. NMR has provided insights into the conformational, dynamic and recognition features of glycans, but suffers from severe chemical shift degeneracy. We employed labelled glycans to explore the conformational behaviour of a β(1-6)-Glc hexasaccharide model through residual dipolar couplings (RDCs). RDC delivered information on the relative orientation of specific residues along the glycan chain and provided experimental clues for the existence of certain geometries. The use of two different aligning media demonstrated the adaptability of flexible oligosaccharide structures to different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Poveda
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Giulio Fittolani
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, EHU-UPV, Leioa, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Hata Y, Serizawa T. Self-assembly of cellulose for creating green materials with tailor-made nanostructures. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:3944-3966. [PMID: 33908581 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00339a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by living systems, biomolecules have been employed in vitro as building blocks for creating advanced nanostructured materials. In regard to nucleic acids, peptides, and lipids, their self-assembly pathways and resulting assembled structures are mostly encoded in their molecular structures. On the other hand, outside of its chain length, cellulose, a polysaccharide, lacks structural diversity; therefore, it is challenging to direct this homopolymer to controllably assemble into ordered nanostructures. Nevertheless, the properties of cellulose assemblies are outstanding in terms of their robustness and inertness, and these assemblies are attractive for constructing versatile materials. In this review article, we summarize recent research progress on the self-assembly of cellulose and the applications of assembled cellulose materials, especially for biomedical use. Given that cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth, gaining control over cellulose assembly represents a promising route for producing green materials with tailor-made nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Hata
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Serizawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H121 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
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15
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Wang C, Lin C, Ming R, Li X, Jonkheijm P, Cheng M, Shi F. Macroscopic Supramolecular Assembly Strategy to Construct 3D Biocompatible Microenvironments with Site-Selective Cell Adhesion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:28774-28781. [PMID: 34114469 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with chemical diversity are significant to direct cell adhesion onto targeted surfaces, which provides solutions to further control over cell fates and even tissue formation. However, the site-specific modification of specific biomolecules to realize selective cell adhesion has been a challenge with the current methods when building 3D scaffolds. Conventional methods of immersing as-prepared structures in solutions of biomolecules lead to nonselective adsorption; recent printing methods have to address the problem of switching multiple nozzles containing different biomolecules. The recently developed concept of macroscopic supramolecular assembly (MSA) based on the idea of "modular assembly" is promising to fabricate such 3D scaffolds with advantages of flexible design and combination of diverse modules with different surface chemistry. Herein we report an MSA method to fabricate 3D ordered structures with internal chemical diversity for site-selective cell adhesion. The 3D structure is prepared via 3D alignment of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) building blocks with magnetic pick-and-place operation and subsequent interfacial bindings between PDMS based on host/guest molecular recognition. The site-specific cell affinity is realized by distributing targeted building blocks that are modified with polylysine molecules of opposite chiralities: PDMS modified with films containing poly-l-lysine (PLL) show higher cell density than those with poly-d-lysine (PDL). This principle of selective cell adhesion directed simply by spatial distribution of chiral molecules has been proven effective for five different cell lines. This facile MSA strategy holds promise to build complex 3D microenvironment with on-demand chemical/biological diversities, which is meaningful to study cell/material interactions and even tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Cuiling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Rui Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiangxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pascal Jonkheijm
- Department of Molecules and Materials, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mengjiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Feng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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16
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Gonçalves DPN, Hegmann T. Chirality Transfer from an Innately Chiral Nanocrystal Core to a Nematic Liquid Crystal: Surface‐Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana P. N. Gonçalves
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute Kent State University Kent OH 44242-0001 USA
| | - Torsten Hegmann
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute Kent State University Kent OH 44242-0001 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Graduate Program, and Brain Health Research Institute Kent State University Kent OH 44242-0001 USA
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17
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Gonçalves DPN, Hegmann T. Chirality Transfer from an Innately Chiral Nanocrystal Core to a Nematic Liquid Crystal: Surface-Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17344-17349. [PMID: 33949085 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of nanomaterials studied in light of their ability to transmit chirality to or amplify their chirality in a surrounding medium, constitute an achiral core with chirality solely installed at the surface by conjugation or encapsulation with optically active ligands. Here we present the inverse approach focusing on surface-modified cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with core chirality at both the molecular and the morphological level to quantify transmission and amplification of core chirality through space using a host nematic liquid crystal (N-LC) as reporter. We find that CNCs functionalized at the surface with achiral molecules, structurally related to the N-LC, exhibit better N-LC solubility, thereby serving as highly efficient chiral inducers. Moreover, functionalization with chiral molecules only marginally enhances the efficacy of helical distortion in the host N-LC matrix, indicating the high propensity of CNCs to transfer chirality from an inherently chiral core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana P N Gonçalves
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
| | - Torsten Hegmann
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Graduate Program, and Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA
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18
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Kubota R, Tanaka W, Hamachi I. Microscopic Imaging Techniques for Molecular Assemblies: Electron, Atomic Force, and Confocal Microscopies. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14281-14347. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryou Kubota
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Wataru Tanaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Hamachi Innovative Molecular Technology for Neuroscience, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
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19
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Gim S, Fittolani G, Nishiyama Y, Seeberger PH, Ogawa Y, Delbianco M. Supramolecular Assembly and Chirality of Synthetic Carbohydrate Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22577-22583. [PMID: 32881205 PMCID: PMC7756587 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Hierarchical carbohydrate architectures serve multiple roles in nature. Hardly any correlations between the carbohydrate chemical structures and the material properties are available due to the lack of standards and suitable analytic techniques. Therefore, designer carbohydrate materials remain highly unexplored, as compared to peptides and nucleic acids. A synthetic D-glucose disaccharide, DD, was chosen as a model to explore carbohydrate materials. Microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED), optimized for oligosaccharides, revealed that DD assembled into highly crystalline left-handed helical fibers. The supramolecular architecture was correlated to the local crystal organization, allowing for the design of the enantiomeric right-handed fibers, based on the L-glucose disaccharide, LL, or flat lamellae, based on the racemic mixture. Tunable morphologies and mechanical properties suggest the potential of carbohydrate materials for nanotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeun Gim
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Giulio Fittolani
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | | | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Yu Ogawa
- Univ. Grenoble AlpesCNRSCERMAV38000GrenobleFrance
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
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