1
|
Machín Rivera R, Ferrin ZR, Lindsay VNG. Iron-Catalyzed Oxidative Rearrangement of Cyclopropanone Hemiaminals: General Access to Pyrroloindolones from Indoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:4738-4743. [PMID: 38809772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
A concise synthetic approach to medicinally relevant pyrroloindolones and related fused heterocycles is reported via the diastereoselective N-addition of unprotected indoles to readily accessible cyclopropanone equivalents. The resulting stable hemiaminals are shown to smoothly rearrange to pyrroloindolones in mild conditions using Fe(III) catalysis in the presence of inexpensive ammonium persulfate as a stoichiometric oxidant. Experimental evidence points toward the formation of a β-carboxylic radical intermediate prone to cyclization and oxidative rearomatization as the operative mechanistic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Machín Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Zack R Ferrin
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Vincent N G Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Z, Ji X, Duan L, Deng GJ, Huang H. Accessing pyrrolo[1,2- a]indole derivatives via visible-light-induced dearomatizative cyclization of indoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4902-4905. [PMID: 38619574 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01215a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles are structurally important scaffolds in many natural products and bioactive compounds. Herein, we report a novel synthetic method for pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole derivatives through visible-light-induced cascade dearomatizative cyclization of indoles with external nucleophiles. Moderate yields, good diastereoselectivities, and excellent regioselectivities were generally observed with the resultant indole-fused polycyclic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosheng Liu
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Xiaochen Ji
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Lilan Duan
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Huawen Huang
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wen H, Du J, Wang Y, Lv M, Ding H, Liu H, Xu H. Construction and Single-Crystal Structures of N-Isoxazolin-5-ylcarbonylindole Derivatives, and Their Pesticidal Activities and Toxicology Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6913-6920. [PMID: 38517181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
To explore natural product-based pesticide candidates, a series of indole derivatives containing the isoxazoline skeleton at the N-1 position were synthesized by 1,3-dipolar [2 + 3] cycloaddition reaction. Their structures were characterized by melting points (mp), infrared (IR) spectra, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (1H NMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (13C NMR), and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The single-crystal structures of five compounds were presented. Against Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval, compound 3b showed greater than 3.8-fold acaricidal activity of indole and good control effects under glasshouse conditions. Against Aphis citricola Van der Goot, compounds 3b and 3q exhibited 48.3- and 36.8-fold aphicidal activity of indole and 6-methylindole, respectively. Particularly, compound 3b showed good bioactivities against T. cinnabarinus and A. citricola. Against Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann, compound 3h and 3i showed 2.1 and 1.9 times higher aphicidal activity compared to indole. Furthermore, the construction of the epidermal cuticle layer of 3b-treated carmine spider mites was distinctly damaged, which ultimately led to their death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houpeng Wen
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi China
| | - Jiawei Du
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi China
| | - Min Lv
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang China
| | - Haixia Ding
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi China
| | - Huqi Liu
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi China
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lv X, Qi YN, Wang J, Zhao X, Jiang Z. Photoinduced Vinylogous Dearomatization. Org Lett 2023; 25:3114-3119. [PMID: 37096799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The first vinylogous dearomatization is reported. Under a photoinduced platform, various benzothiophenes functionalized by ketones at the 3-position could react with 3-methylenechroman-4-ones efficiently, leading to a variety of valuable products that contain the pharmaceutically significant chromones and 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]thiophenes concurrently. The transformations were revealed to experience hydrogen-atom transfer, dearomatization, olefin migration, and radical cross coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Lv
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University; Pingyuan Laboratory, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Qi
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University; Pingyuan Laboratory, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University; Pingyuan Laboratory, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University; Pingyuan Laboratory, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Saliyeva LM, Dyachenko IV, Danyliuk IY, Vovk MV. Di-, tetra-, and perhydropyrrolo[1,2- a]imidazoles: The Methods of Synthesis and Some Aspects of Application. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2023; 58:661-680. [PMID: 36687505 PMCID: PMC9838525 DOI: 10.1007/s10593-023-03142-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The review summarizes and systematizes the literature data on the synthesis and some aspects of application of pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazoles. Synthetic approaches are grouped according to the degree of saturation of the product pyrroloimidazole ring. The bibliography of the review includes 110 sources over the last 15 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lesya M. Saliyeva
- Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, 13 Voli Ave, Lutsk, 43025 Ukraine
| | - Irina V. Dyachenko
- Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Nord Ave., Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Ivanna Yu. Danyliuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademika Kukhara St, Kyiv, 02094 Ukraine
| | - Mykhailo V. Vovk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademika Kukhara St, Kyiv, 02094 Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oddy MJ, Kusza DA, Epton RG, Lynam JM, Unsworth WP, Petersen WF. Visible-Light-Mediated Energy Transfer Enables the Synthesis of β-Lactams via Intramolecular Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213086. [PMID: 36205440 PMCID: PMC9828223 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 2-azetidinones (β-lactams) from simple acrylamide starting materials by visible-light-mediated energy transfer catalysis is reported. The reaction features a C(sp3 )-H functionalization via a variation of the Norrish-Yang photocyclization involving a carbon-to-carbon 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (supported by deuterium labelling and DFT calculations) and can be used for the construction of a diverse range of β-lactam products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan J. Oddy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cape TownRondebosch, Cape Town7700South Africa
| | - Daniel A. Kusza
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cape TownRondebosch, Cape Town7700South Africa
| | - Ryan G. Epton
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | | | | | - Wade F. Petersen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cape TownRondebosch, Cape Town7700South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang YW, Jia YL, Wang D, Chen J, Liu FL, Cheng LQ, Yu X. NaIO4-Mediated Oxidative Cleavage of C–N Bond of Aza-Bridged Pyridoazepines to γLactams. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s107042802210013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
8
|
Zhu M, Zhang X, Zheng C, You SL. Energy-Transfer-Enabled Dearomative Cycloaddition Reactions of Indoles/Pyrroles via Excited-State Aromatics. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2510-2525. [PMID: 35943728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the enormous chemical space through an expedient building-up of molecular diversity is an important goal of organic chemistry. The development of synthetic methods toward molecules with unprecedented structural motifs lays the foundation for wide applications ranging from pharmaceutical chemistry to materials science. In this regard, the dearomatization of arenes has been recognized as a unique strategy since it provides novel retrosynthetic disconnections for various spiro or fused polycyclic molecules with increased saturation and stereoisomerism. However, inherent thermodynamic challenges are associated with dearomatization processes. The disruption of the aromaticity of arene substrates usually requires large energy inputs, which makes harsh conditions necessary for many ground-state dearomatization reactions. Therefore, further expansion of the scope of dearomatization reactions remains a major problem not fully solved in organic chemistry.The past decade has witnessed tremendous progress on photocatalytic reactions under visible light. Particularly, reactions via an energy transfer mechanism have unlocked new opportunities for dearomatization reactions. Mediated by appropriately chosen photosensitizers, aromatic substrates can be excited. This kind of precise energy input might make feasible some dearomatization reactions that are otherwise unfavorable under thermal conditions because of the significant energy increases of the substrates. Nevertheless, the lifetimes of key intermediates in energy-transfer-enabled reactions, such as excited-state aromatics and downstream biradical species, are quite short. How to regulate the reactivities of these transient intermediates to achieve exclusive selectivity toward a certain reaction pathway among many possibilities is a crucial issue to be addressed.Since 2019, our group has reported a series of visible-light-induced dearomative cycloaddition reactions for indole and pyrrole derivatives. It was found that the aromatic units in substrates can be excited under the irradiation of visible light in the presence of a suitable photosensitizer. These excited aromatics readily undergo various [m + n] cycloaddition reactions with appropriately tethered unsaturated functionalities including alkenes, alkynes, N-alkoxy oximes, (hetero)arenes, and vinylcyclopropanes. The reactions yield polycyclic indolines and pyrrolines with highly strained small- and/or medium-sized rings embedded, some of which possess unique bridge- or cagelike topologies. Systematic mechanistic studies confirmed the involvement of an energy transfer process. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the correlation between the substrate structure and the excitation efficiency, which accelerated the optimization of the reaction parameters. Meanwhile, DFT calculations demonstrated the competition between kinetically and thermodynamically controlled pathways for the open-shell singlet biradical intermediates, which allowed the complete switches from [2 + 2] cycloaddition to 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer in reactions with N-alkoxy oximes and to [4 + 2] cycloaddition in reactions with naphthalene. Furthermore, ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations uncovered post-spin crossing dynamic effects, which determine the regioselectivity for the open-shell singlet biradical recombination step in the reactions of pyrrole-derived vinylcyclopropanes.An increasing number of scientists have joined in the research on visible-light-induced dearomative cycloaddition reactions and contributed to more elegant examples in this area. The visible-light-induced dearomatization reaction via energy transfer mechanism, although still in its infancy, has exhibited great potential in the synthesis of molecules that can hardly be accessed by other methods. We believe that future development will further push the boundary of organic chemistry and find applications in the synthesis of functional molecules and related disciplines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 8 Shangsan Lu, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang Z, Huang G, Wang X, Qin S, Fu S, Liu B. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Natural Lindenane Sesquiterpenoid Oligomers via a Triene as a Potential Biosynthetic Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204303. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengsong Huang
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Rd. Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Ganxing Huang
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Rd. Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Rd. Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Song Qin
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Rd. Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Shaomin Fu
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Rd. Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Rd. Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang Z, Huang G, Wang X, Qin S, Fu S, Liu B. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Natural Lindenane Sesquiterpenoid Oligomers via a Triene as a Potential Biosynthetic Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengsong Huang
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Rd. Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Ganxing Huang
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Rd. Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Rd. Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Song Qin
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Rd. Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Shaomin Fu
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Rd. Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Rd. Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Salah K, Blanco‐López E, Sirvent A, Behloul C, Nájera C, De Gracia Retamosa M, Sansano JM, Yus M, Foubelo F. Stereoselective Synthesis of Biheterocycles Containing Indole and 5,6‐Dihydropyridin‐2(1H)‐one or α‐Methylene‐β‐butyrolactam Scaffolds. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kennouche Salah
- Laboratoire des Produits Naturels d'Origine Végétale et de Synthèse Organique Université Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1 25000 Constantine Algeria
| | - Ester Blanco‐López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica - Facultad de Ciencias and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica Universidad de Alicante Apdo. Ciudad de México, 99 03080 Alicante Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Alicante Apdo. 99 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Ana Sirvent
- Departamento de Química Orgánica - Facultad de Ciencias and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica Universidad de Alicante Apdo. Ciudad de México, 99 03080 Alicante Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Alicante Apdo. 99 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Cherif Behloul
- Laboratoire des Produits Naturels d'Origine Végétale et de Synthèse Organique Université Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1 25000 Constantine Algeria
| | - Carmen Nájera
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Alicante Apdo. 99 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - M. De Gracia Retamosa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica - Facultad de Ciencias and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica Universidad de Alicante Apdo. Ciudad de México, 99 03080 Alicante Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Alicante Apdo. 99 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - José M. Sansano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica - Facultad de Ciencias and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica Universidad de Alicante Apdo. Ciudad de México, 99 03080 Alicante Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Alicante Apdo. 99 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Miguel Yus
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Alicante Apdo. 99 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Francisco Foubelo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica - Facultad de Ciencias and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica Universidad de Alicante Apdo. Ciudad de México, 99 03080 Alicante Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Alicante Apdo. 99 03080 Alicante Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang Z, Chen L, Sun Q, Guo M, Wang G, Zhao W, Tang X. Tetrahydroxydiboron and Nickel Chloride Cocatalyzed Rapid Radical Cyclization toward Pyrrolizidine and Indolizidine Alkaloids. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3788-3793. [PMID: 35188782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel tetrahydroxydiboron and nickel chloride cocatalyzed radical cyclization cascade with a broad substrate scope and an ultrashort reaction time was developed. The mechanistic investigation indicated that the reaction might involve a homocleavage of tetrahydroxydiboron and nickel hydride intermediates. This approach enables the simple and efficient synthesis of a series of heteropolycycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zequn Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Longhui Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Qi Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Minjie Guo
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Guangwei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Advances in the synthesis of three-dimensional molecular architectures by dearomatizing photocycloadditions. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
14
|
Liu Z, Zhong S, Ji X, Deng GJ, Huang H. Photoredox Cyclization of N-Arylacrylamides for Synthesis of Dihydroquinolinones. Org Lett 2021; 24:349-353. [PMID: 34904433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metal- and additive-free photoredox cyclization of N-arylacrylamides is herein reported that provides a concise access to the formation of dihydroquinolinones. In this protocol, sustainable visible light was used as the energy source, and the organic light-emitting molecule 4CzIPN served as the efficient photocatalyst. This reaction system features exclusive 6-endo-trig cyclization selectivity with a generally good yield of a range of functionalized dihydroquinolinones and dihydrobenzoquinolinones. Mechanistical studies reveal the feasibility of both 1,3-H shift and intersystem crossing of the diradical intermediate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Shuai Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xiaochen Ji
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Z, Hu L, Chekshin N, Zhuang Z, Qian S, Qiao JX, Yu JQ. Ligand-controlled divergent dehydrogenative reactions of carboxylic acids via C-H activation. Science 2021; 374:1281-1285. [PMID: 34762490 PMCID: PMC9084903 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl3939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dehydrogenative transformations of alkyl chains to alkenes through methylene carbon-hydrogen (C–H) activation remain a substantial challenge. We report two classes of pyridine-pyridone ligands that enable divergent dehydrogenation reactions through palladium-catalyzed β-methylene C–H activation of carboxylic acids, leading to the direct syntheses of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids or γ-alkylidene butenolides. The directed nature of this pair of reactions allows chemoselective dehydrogenation of carboxylic acids in the presence of other enolizable functionalities such as ketones, providing chemoselectivity that is not possible by means of existing carbonyl desaturation protocols. Product inhibition is overcome through ligand-promoted preferential activation of C(sp3)–H bonds rather than C(sp2)–H bonds or a sequence of dehydrogenation and vinyl C–H alkynylation. The dehydrogenation reaction is compatible with molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Liang Hu
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nikita Chekshin
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhe Zhuang
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shaoqun Qian
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jennifer X. Qiao
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Oddy MJ, Kusza DA, Petersen WF. Visible-Light Mediated Metal-Free 6π-Photocyclization of N-Acrylamides: Thioxanthone Triplet Energy Transfer Enables the Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydroquinolin-2-ones. Org Lett 2021; 23:8963-8967. [PMID: 34756046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient thioxanthone-catalyzed triplet energy transfer process for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2-ones via a 6π-photocyclization is reported. Featuring a rare example of a metal-free formal C(sp2)-H/C(sp3)-H arylation mediated by visible-light, this work hopes to inspire further interest in these small molecules as sustainable alternatives to existing transition-metal photocatalysts in related processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan J Oddy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Daniel A Kusza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Wade F Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yu D, To WP, Liu Y, Wu LL, You T, Ling J, Che CM. Direct photo-induced reductive Heck cyclization of indoles for the efficient preparation of polycyclic indolinyl compounds. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14050-14058. [PMID: 34760188 PMCID: PMC8565399 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04258k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The photo-induced cleavage of C(sp2)-Cl bonds is an appealing synthetic tool in organic synthesis, but usually requires the use of high UV light, photocatalysts and/or photosensitizers. Herein is described a direct photo-induced chloroarene activation with UVA/blue LEDs that can be used in the reductive Heck cyclization of indoles and without the use of a photocatalyst or photosensitizer. The indole compounds examined display room-temperature phosphorescence. The photochemical reaction tolerates a panel of functional groups including esters, alcohols, amides, cyano and alkenes (27 examples, 50-88% yields), and can be used to prepare polycyclic compounds and perform the functionalization of natural product analogues in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic experiments, including time-resolved absorption spectroscopy, are supportive of photo-induced electron transfer between the indole substrate and DIPEA, with the formation of radical intermediates in the photo-induced dearomatization reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daohong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 China
| | - Wai-Pong To
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Liang-Liang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Tingjie You
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Jesse Ling
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited Units 1503-1511, 15/F, Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation Shenzhen Guangdong 518057 China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited Units 1503-1511, 15/F, Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park New Territories Hong Kong China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Guerra C, Ayarde-Henríquez L, Duque-Noreña M, Cárdenas C, Pérez P, Chamorro E. On the nature of bonding in the photochemical addition of two ethylenes: C-C bond formation in the excited state? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20598-20606. [PMID: 34505860 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03554a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the 2s + 2s (face-to-face) prototypical example of a photochemical reaction has been re-examined to characterize the evolution of chemical bonding. The analysis of the electron localization function (as an indirect measure of the Pauli principle) along the minimum energy path provides strong evidence supporting that CC bond formation occurs not in the excited state but in the ground electronic state after crossing the rhombohedral S1/S0 conical intersection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Guerra
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida República 275, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Leandro Ayarde-Henríquez
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida República 275, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Mario Duque-Noreña
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida República 275, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Carlos Cárdenas
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Física, Avenida Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile. .,Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología (CEDENNA), 9170124 Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Pérez
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida República 275, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Eduardo Chamorro
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida República 275, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shelke YG, Hande PE, Gharpure SJ. Recent advances in the synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2- a]indoles and their derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7544-7574. [PMID: 34524330 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01103k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole unit is a privileged heterocycle found in numerous natural products and has been shown to exhibit diverse pharmacological properties. Thus, recent years have witnessed immense interest from the synthesis community on the synthesis of this scaffold. In light of the ever-increasing demand for pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles in drug discovery, this review provides an overview of recent synthesis methods for the preparation of pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles and their derivatives. The mechanistic pathway and stereo-electronic factors affecting the yield and selectivity of the product are briefly explained. Furthermore, we have attempted to demonstrate the utility of the developed methods in the synthesis of bioactive molecules and natural products, wherever offered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh G Shelke
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Pankaj E Hande
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Santosh J Gharpure
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhu M, Huang XL, Sun S, Zheng C, You SL. Visible-Light-Induced Dearomatization of Indoles/Pyrroles with Vinylcyclopropanes: Expedient Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Polycyclic Indolines/Pyrrolines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13441-13449. [PMID: 34398603 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Visible-light-induced cycloaddition reactions initiated via energy-transfer processes have recently evolved as powerful methods for the construction of strained cyclic molecules that are not easily accessed using known ground-state synthetic methods. Particularly, the reactions initiated by the excitation of aromatic rings provide an alternative solution to the direct transformations of aromatic feedstocks under the scheme of dearomatization. Vinylcyclopropanes (VCPs) are well-known reagents in radical clock experiments, working as a probe to detect transient radical intermediates. However, the synthetic applications in this regard still remain limited due to uncontrollable selectivities. Herein, we report visible-light-induced dearomatization of indole- or pyrrole-tethered VCPs, in which several competitive reaction pathways, including [5 + 2], [2 + 2], interrupted [5 + 2], and [5 + 4] cycloadditions, can be well regulated by engineering substrate structures and tuning reaction conditions. The reaction mechanism has been explored by combined experimental and computational investigations. These reactions provide a convenient method to synthesize structurally diverse polycyclic molecules with high efficiency and good selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xu-Lun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shuo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Interrupted reactions reroute established processes to new and often unanticipated end points. Of particular interest are the cases in which a known reactive intermediate takes on a new reaction pathway, either because this pathway is lower in energy or because the conventional pathway is no longer available. Through analysis of documented cases, we aim to dissect the known interrupted reactions and trace their mechanistic origins. As new chemical processes are being discovered at a seemingly ever-increasing pace, it is likely that new interrupted reactions will continue to emerge. Our hope is that the cases considered in this Review will help identify new classes of these fascinating transformations.
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu Z, Zhong S, Ji X, Deng GJ, Huang H. Hydroarylation of Activated Alkenes Enabled by Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Shuai Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xiaochen Ji
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhou TP, Zhong F, Wu Y, Liao RZ. Regioselectivity and stereoselectivity of intramolecular [2 + 2] photocycloaddition catalyzed by chiral thioxanthone: a quantum chemical study. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1532-1540. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02330b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chiral photosensitizer-catalyzed stereoselective olefin cyclization has shown its significance in organic synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Fangrui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Popescu MV, Mekereeya A, Alegre-Requena JV, Paton RS, Smith MD. Visible-Light-Mediated Heterocycle Functionalization via Geometrically Interrupted [2+2] Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23020-23024. [PMID: 32856748 PMCID: PMC7891567 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The [2+2] photocycloaddition is the most valuable and intensively investigated photochemical process. Here we demonstrate that irradiation of N‐acryloyl heterocycles with blue LED light (440 nm) in the presence of an IrIII complex leads to efficient and high yielding fused γ‐lactam formation across a range of substituted heterocycles. Quantum calculations show that the reaction proceeds via cyclization in the triplet excited state to yield a 1,4‐diradical; intersystem crossing leads preferentially to the closed shell singlet zwitterion. This is geometrically restricted from undergoing recombination to yield a cyclobutane by the planarity of the amide substituent. A prototropic shift leads to the observed bicyclic products in what can be viewed as an interrupted [2+2] cycloaddition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihai V Popescu
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Aroonroj Mekereeya
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Juan V Alegre-Requena
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1301 Center Ave, Ft. Collins, CO, 80523-1872, USA
| | - Robert S Paton
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1301 Center Ave, Ft. Collins, CO, 80523-1872, USA
| | - Martin D Smith
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| |
Collapse
|