1
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Zhu Y, Tao Y. Stereoselective Ring-opening Polymerization of S-Carboxyanhydrides Using Salen Aluminum Catalysts: A Route to High-Isotactic Functionalized Polythioesters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317305. [PMID: 38179725 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Polythioesters are important sustainable polymers with broad applications. The ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of S-Carboxyanhydrides (SCAs) can afford polythioesters with functional groups that are typically difficult to prepare by ROP of thiolactones. Typical methods involving organocatalysts, like dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and triethylamine (Et3 N), have been plagued by uncontrolled polymerization, including epimerization for most SCAs resulting in the loss of isotacticity. Here, we report the use of salen aluminum catalysts for the selective ROP of various SCAs without epimerization, affording functionalized polythioester with high molecular weight up to 37.6 kDa and the highest Pm value up to 0.99. Notably, the ROP of TlaSCA (SCA prepared from thiolactic acid) generates the first example of a isotactic crystalline poly(thiolactic acid), which exhibited a distinct Tm value of 152.6 °C. Effective ligand tailoring governs the binding affinity between the sulfide chain-end and the metal center, thereby maintaining the activity of organometallic catalysts and reducing the occurrence of epimerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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2
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Booth R, Whitwood AC, Duhme-Klair AK. Effect of Ligand Substituents on Spectroscopic and Catalytic Properties of Water-Compatible Cp*Ir-(pyridinylmethyl)sulfonamide-Based Transfer Hydrogenation Catalysts. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3815-3823. [PMID: 38343274 PMCID: PMC10900292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Transition-metal-based hydrogenation catalysts have applications ranging from high-value chemical synthesis to medicinal chemistry. A series of (pyridinylmethyl)sulfonamide ligands substituted with electron-withdrawing and -donating groups were synthesized to study the influence of the electronic contribution of the bidentate ligand in Cp*Ir piano-stool complexes. A variable-temperature NMR investigation revealed a strong correlation between the electron-donating ability of the substituent and the rate of stereoinversion of the complexes. This correlation was partially reflected in the catalytic activity of the corresponding catalysts. Complexes with electron-withdrawing substituents followed the trend observed in the variable-temperature NMR study, thereby confirming the rate-determining step to be donation of the hydride ligand. Strongly electron-donating groups, on the other hand, caused a change in the rate-determining step in the formation of the iridium-hydride species. These results demonstrate that the activity of these catalysts can be tuned systematically via changes in the electronic contribution of the bidentate (pyridinylmethyl)sulfonamide ligands.
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3
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Du T, Shen B, Dai J, Zhang M, Chen X, Yu P, Liu Y. Controlled and Regioselective Ring-Opening Polymerization for Poly(disulfide)s by Anion-Binding Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27788-27799. [PMID: 37987648 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Poly(disulfide)s are an emerging class of sulfur-containing polymers with applications in medicine, energy, and functional materials. However, the constituent dynamic covalent S-S bond is highly reactive in the presence of the sulfide (RS-) anion, imposing a persistent challenge to control the polymerization. Here, we report an anion-binding approach to arrest the high reactivity of the RS- chain end to control the synthesis of linear poly(disulfide)s, realizing a rapid, living ring-opening polymerization of 1,2-dithiolanes with narrow dispersity and high regioselectivity (Mw/Mn ∼ 1.1, Ps ∼ 0.85). Mechanistic studies support the formation of a thiourea-base-sulfide ternary complex as the catalytically active species during the chain propagation. Theoretical analyses reveal a synergistic catalytic model where the catalyst preorganizes the protonated base and anionic chain end to establish spatial confinement over the bound monomer, effecting the observed regioselectivity. The catalytic system is amenable to monomers with various functional groups, and semicrystalline polymers are also obtained from lipoic acid derivatives by enhancing the regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Boming Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jieyu Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xingjian Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peiyuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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4
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Ren F, Xian J, Jia Z, Chen Z, Fu H, Wang R, Chu WD, Pan X, Wu J. Tetrabutylammonium Halides as Selectively Bifunctional Catalysts Enabling the Syntheses of Recyclable High Molecular Weight Salicylic Acid-Based Copolyesters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306759. [PMID: 37710396 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
To synthesize high molecular weight poly(phenolic ester) via a living ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic phenolic ester monomers remains a critical challenge due to serious transesterification and back-biting reactions. Both phenolic ester bonds in monomer and polymer chains are highly active, and it is difficult so far to distinguish them. In this work, an unprecedented selectively bifunctional catalytic system of tetra-n-butylammonium chloride (TBACl) was discovered to mediate the syntheses of high molecular weight salicylic acid-based copolyesters via a living ROP of salicylate cyclic esters (for poly(salicylic methyl glycolide) (PSMG), Mn =361.8 kg/mol, Ð<1.30). Compared to previous catalysis systems, the side reactions were suppressed remarkably in this catalysis system because phenolic ester bond in monomer can be selectively cleaved over that in polymer chains during ROP progress. Mechanistic studies reveal that the halide anion and alkyl-quaternaryammonium cation work synergistically, where the alkyl-quaternaryammonium cation moiety interacts with the carbonyl group of substrates via non-classical hydrogen bonding. Moreover, these salicylic acid-based copolyesters can be recycled to dimeric monomer under solution condition, and can be recycled to original monomeric monomers without catalyst under sublimation condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangping Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ji Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhaowei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhichun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hongjun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wen-Dao Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Xiaobo Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jincai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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5
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Wang Y, Zhu Y, Lv W, Wang X, Tao Y. Tough while Recyclable Plastics Enabled by Monothiodilactone Monomers. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1877-1885. [PMID: 36594572 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The current scale of plastics production and the attendant waste disposal issues represent an underexplored opportunity for chemically recyclable polymers. Typical recyclable polymers are subject to the trade-off between the monomer's polymerizability and the polymer's depolymerizability as well as insufficient performance for practical applications. Herein, we demonstrate that a single atom oxygen-by-sulfur substitution of relatively highly strained dilactone is an effective and robust strategy for converting the "non-recyclable" polyester into a chemically recyclable polymer by lowering the ring strain energy in the monomer (from 16.0 kcal mol-1 in dilactone to 9.1 kcal mol-1 in monothiodilactone). These monothio-modification monomers enable both high/selective polymerizability and recyclability, otherwise conflicting features in a typical monomer, as evidenced by regioselective ring-opening, minimal transthioesterifications, and quantitative recovery of the pristine monomer. Computational and experimental studies demonstrate that an n→π* interaction between the adjacent ester and thioester in the polymer backbone has been implicated in the high selectivity for propagation over transthioesterification. The resulting polymer demonstrates high performance with its mechanical properties being comparable to some commodity polyolefins. Thio-modification is a powerful strategy for enabling conversion of six-membered dilactones into chemically recyclable and tough thermoplastics that exhibit promise as next-generation sustainable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinuo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Lv
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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6
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Qu R, Wei Z, Suo H, Gu Y, Wang X, Xin Z, Qin Y.
CO
2
‐based
amphiphilic block copolymers: Facile
one‐step
synthesis and aqueous
self‐assembly. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yantai University Yantai China
| | - Zhenyu Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yantai University Yantai China
| | - Hongyi Suo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yantai University Yantai China
| | - Yanan Gu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yantai University Yantai China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yantai University Yantai China
| | - Zhirong Xin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yantai University Yantai China
| | - Yusheng Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yantai University Yantai China
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7
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Zhang X, Sun P, Jiang Y, Liao S. Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization of ϵ-Caprolactone with Phosphoramidimidates (PADIs) as a Bifunctional Brønsted Acid Catalyst. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201127. [PMID: 36453087 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ϵ-caprolactone (ϵ-CL) has been developed by employing PADIs as a novel and efficient acid/base bifunctional organocatalyst, which could afford metal-free poly(ϵ-caprolactone) with predictable molecular weight and narrow dispersity at a low catalyst loading under mild conditions. NMR and kinetic studies indicate that the ring-opening polymerizations of lactones catalyzed by PADIs proceed in a living and well controlled manner. Moreover, this organic Brønsted acid catalytic system could allow the synthesis of PCL with molecular weight above 60 kg/mol, as well as well-defined star polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China.,Department State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Pan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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8
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Lv W, Wang Y, Li M, Wang X, Tao Y. Precision Synthesis of Polypeptides via Living Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of N-Carboxyanhydrides by Tri-thiourea Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23622-23632. [PMID: 36533423 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) has a history of over 100 years, but precise and efficient ring-opening polymerization methods for NCAs remain highly needed to facilitate the studies of polypeptides─that is, mimics of natural proteins─in various disciplines. Moreover, the universally accepted NCA polymerization mechanisms are largely limited to the "amine" and the "activated monomer" mechanisms, and the anionic ring-opening polymerization of NCAs has so far not been invoked. Herein, we show an unprecedented anion-binding catalytic system combining tripodal tri-thiourea with sodium thiophenolate that enables the fast and selective anionic ring-opening polymerization of NCAs. This method leads to the precision construction of various polypeptides with living polymerization behavior and is evidenced by narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn < 1.2), chain extension experiments, and minimal "activated monomer" pathway. Calculations and experimental results elucidate a living anionic polymerization mechanism, and high selectivities for monomer propagation relative to other deleterious side reactions, such as the "activated monomer" pathway, are attributed to the enhanced stabilization of the propagating carbamate anion, which is enforced by an intramolecular hydrogen bond within the tri-thiourea structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Lv
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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9
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Wang J, Zhu Y, Li M, Wang Y, Wang X, Tao Y. Tug‐of‐War between Two Distinct Catalytic Sites Enables Fast and Selective Ring‐Opening Copolymerizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208525. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Yinuo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
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10
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Wang J, Zhu Y, Li M, Wang Y, Wang X, Tao Y. Tug‐of‐war between Two Distinct Catalytic Sites Enables Fast and Selective Ring‐opening Copolymerizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqun Wang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials CHINA
| | - Yinuo Zhu
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials CHINA
| | - Maosheng Li
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials CHINA
| | - Yanchao Wang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials CHINA
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials CHINA
| | - Youhua Tao
- Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials 5625 Renmin StreetChangchun中国 130022 Changchun CHINA
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11
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Tang J, Li M, Wang X, Tao Y. Switchable Polymerization Organocatalysis: From Monomer Mixtures to Block Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115465. [PMID: 35107197 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
One-pot production of sequence-controlled block copolymer from mixed monomers is a crucial but rarely reached goal. Using a switchable Lewis-pair organocatalyst, we have accomplished sequence-selective polymerization from a mixture of O-carboxyanhydride (OCA) and epoxide. Polymerization of the OCA monomer occurs first and exclusively because of its exceedingly high polymerizability. When OCA is fully consumed, alternating copolymerization of epoxide and CO2 liberated in OCA polymerization is triggered from the termini of the first block. The two polymerizations thus occur in tandem, both in chemoselective fashion, so that a sequence-controlled block polymer with up to 99 % CO2 conversion is furnished in this one-pot protocol. Calculations and experimental results demonstrate a chemoselective and cooperative mechanism, where the high polymerizability of the OCA monomers guarantees exquisite sequence selectivity and the cooperative decarboxylation partly arose from the stabilization effect by triethylborane, which facilitates the smooth transformation of the chain end from carbonate to alkoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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12
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Abstract
Polymer chains, if long enough, are known to undergo bond scission when mechanically stressed. While the mechanochemical response of random coils is well understood, biopolymers and some key synthetic chains adopt well-defined secondary structures such as helices. To understand covalent mechanochemistry in such structures, poly(γ-benzyl glutamates) are prepared while regulating the feed-monomer chirality, producing chains with similar molecular weights and backbone chemistry but different helicities. Such chains are stressed in solution and their mechanochemistry rates compared by following molecular weight change and using a rhodamine mechanochromophore. Results reveal that while helicity itself is not affected by the covalent bond scissions, chains with higher helicity undergo faster mechanochemistry. Considering that the polymers tested differ only in conformation, these results indicate that helix-induced chain rigidity improves the efficiency of mechanical energy transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion—Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200008Israel
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13
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He W, Wang S, Li M, Wang X, Tao Y. Iterative Synthesis of Stereo- and Sequence-Defined Polymers via Acid-Orthogonal Deprotection Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202112439. [PMID: 34981638 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Absolute control over polymer stereo- and sequence structure is highly challenging in polymer chemistry. Here, an acid-orthogonal deprotection strategy is proposed for the iterative synthesis of a family of unimolecular polymers starting with enantiopure serines, featuring precise sequence, stereoconfiguration and side-chain functionalities that cannot be achieved using traditional polymerization techniques. Acid-orthogonal deprotections proceed independently of one another by the selection of protecting groups that feature the respective acid-lability. Under p-toluenesulfonic acid, acidolysis of tert-butyloxycarbonyl can proceed exclusively, while low-dosage trifluoroacetic acid and low temperature only trigger the selective and quantitative cleavage of trityl. The pioneering use of this acid-orthogonal deprotection chemistry increases the compatibility with otherwise sensitive groups and opens up pathways to facilely introduce structural and functional diversity into stereo- and sequence-defined polymers, thus imparting their unique properties beyond natural biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing He
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Shixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
| | - Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, P.R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
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14
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Tang J, Li M, Wang X, Tao Y. Switchable Polymerization Organocatalysis: From Monomer Mixtures to Block Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
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15
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You H, Wang E, Cao H, Zhuo C, Liu S, Wang X, Wang F. From Impossible to Possible: Atom‐Economic Polymerization of Low Strain Five‐Membered Carbonates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huai You
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry CAS Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Enhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry CAS Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Han Cao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry CAS Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Chunwei Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry CAS Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Shunjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry CAS Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry CAS Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Fosong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry CAS Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
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16
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Diesendruck C, Zhang H. Accelerated Mechanochemistry in Helical Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Diesendruck
- Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Kiryat Hatechnion 3200008 Haifa ISRAEL
| | - Hang Zhang
- Technion Israel Institute of Technology Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Haifa ISRAEL
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17
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He W, Wang S, Li M, Wang X, Tao Y. Iterative Synthesis of Stereo‐ and Sequence‐Defined Polymers
via
Acid‐Orthogonal Deprotection Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing He
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P.R. China
| | - Shixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P.R. China
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18
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Tsuji H, Nogata S, Gamo H, Hikima K, Matsuda A, Arakawa Y. Synthesis, stereocomplex crystallization, homo-crystallization, and thermal properties and degradation of enantiomeric aromatic poly(lactic acid)s, poly(mandelic acid)s. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Patil N, Gnanou Y, Feng X. Orthogonally grown polycarbonate and polyvinyl block copolymers from mechanistically distinct (co)polymerizations. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00442a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistically distinct polymerization systems can afford unique block copolymers that would not be accessible by mere sequential polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naganatha Patil
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoshuang Feng
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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20
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You H, Wang E, Cao H, Zhuo C, Liu S, Wang X, Wang F. From Impossible to Possible: Atom-Economic Polymerization of Low Strain Five-Membered Carbonates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113152. [PMID: 34905260 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The direct ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of propylene carbonate (PC) only affords oligomers with substantial unidentified by-products, which hinders the efficient utilization of PC. Through detailed studies, for the first time, a careful mechanism involving the in situ release of propylene oxide (PO) from PC decarboxylation is proposed. Further, we report a novel strategy of copolymerization of PC/cyclic anhydrides via in situ capture of the formed intermediates. Results show that PC is successfully transformed into polyesters. Especially for the ring-opening alternating copolymerization (ROAC) of PC/phthalic anhydride (PA), a variety of advantages are manifold: i) slow-release of PO ensuring a perfectly alternating structure; ii) quantitative and fast transformation of PC; iii) visualization of polymerization process by a CO2 pressure gauge. Of importance, through tandem polymerizations, PC is fully transformed into polyesters and polycarbonates concurrently, thus achieving PC utilization with a high atom-economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai You
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Enhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Han Cao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chunwei Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shunjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Fosong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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21
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Wang X, Chin AL, Zhou J, Wang H, Tong R. Resilient Poly(α-hydroxy acids) with Improved Strength and Ductility via Scalable Stereosequence-Controlled Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16813-16823. [PMID: 34582185 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the degradability and biocompatibility of poly(α-hydroxy acids), their utility remains limited because their thermal and mechanical properties are inferior to those of commodity polyolefins, which can be attributed to the lack of side-chain functionality on the polyester backbone. Attempts to synthesize high-molecular-weight functionalized poly(α-hydroxy acids) from O-carboxyanhydrides have been hampered by scalability problems arising from the need for an external energy source such as light or electricity. Herein, we report an operationally simple, scalable method for the synthesis of stereoregular, high-molecular-weight (>200 kDa) functionalized poly(α-hydroxy acids) by means of controlled ring-opening polymerization of O-carboxyanhydrides mediated by a highly redox reactive manganese complex and a zinc-alkoxide. Mechanistic studies indicated that the ring-opening process likely proceeded via the Mn-mediated decarboxylation with alkoxy radical formation. Gradient copolymers produced directly by this method from mixtures of two O-carboxyanhydrides exhibited better ductility and toughness than their corresponding homopolymers and block copolymers, therefore highlighting the potential feasibility of functionalized poly(α-hydroxy acids) as ductile and resilient polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Ai Lin Chin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 60801, United States
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 60801, United States
| | - Rong Tong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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22
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Wang Y, Li M, Chen J, Tao Y, Wang X. O-to-S Substitution Enables Dovetailing Conflicting Cyclizability, Polymerizability, and Recyclability: Dithiolactone vs. Dilactone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22547-22553. [PMID: 34424604 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing chemically recyclable polymers represents a greener alternative to landfill and incineration and offers a closed-loop strategy toward a circular materials economy. However, the synthesis of chemically recyclable polymers is still plagued with certain fundamental limitations, including trade-offs between the monomer's cyclizability and polymerizability, as well as between polymer's depolymerizability and properties. Here we describe the subtle O-to-S substitution, dithiolactone monomers derived from abundant feedstock α-amino acids can demonstrate appealing chemical properties different from those of dilactone, including accelerated ring closure, augmented kinetics polymerizability, high depolymerizability and selectivity, and thus constitute a unique class of polythioester materials exhibiting controlled molecular weight (up to 100.5 kDa), atactic yet high crystallinity, structurally diversity, and chemical recyclability. These polythioesters well addresses the formidable challenges of developing chemically recyclable polymers by having an unusual set of desired properties, including easy-to-make monomer from ubiquitous feedstock, and high polymerizability, crystallinity and precise tunability of physicochemical performance, as well as high depolymerizability and selectivity. Computational studies explain why O-to-S modification of polymer backbone enables dovetailing desirable, but conflicting, performance into one polymer structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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23
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Wang Y, Li M, Chen J, Tao Y, Wang X. O‐to‐S Substitution Enables Dovetailing Conflicting Cyclizability, Polymerizability, and Recyclability: Dithiolactone vs. Dilactone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
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24
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He W, Tao Y. Bifunctional Fluoroalcohol Catalysts Enabled Sustainable Synthesis of Poly(amino acid)s
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing He
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625, Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Renmin Street 5625, Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
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