1
|
Xie FM, Wang HY, Li HZ, Zhang K, Shen Y, Zou J, Li YQ, Tang JX. Intramolecular exciplex featuring a bis-sp 3 C-locked acceptor-donor-acceptor sandwich. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:3921-3927. [PMID: 38842068 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00400k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Intramolecular exciplex systems featuring thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) have garnered significant attention in the realm of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Nonetheless, the occurrence of organic sandwich intramolecular exciplexes remains rare due to structural limitations and synthetic challenges. Herein, we present a novel rigid acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) sandwich complex, dSFQP, characterized by two sp3 C-locking moieties. This compound exhibits TADF characteristics facilitated by a multiple through-space charge-transfer process. X-ray crystallographic analysis confirms the distinctive sandwich configuration. The parallel spatial arrangement and minimized A-D-A configuration enhance electronic interactions, resulting in a high photoluminescence quantum yield, rapid reverse intersystem crossing rate, and sluggish nonradiative decay rate. OLEDs employing dSFQP as the dopant achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 28.5% with a low efficiency roll-off of merely 2.8% at 1000 cd m-2. Even at a high brightness of 10 000 cd m-2, the EQE remains notably high at 17.5%. Our current results provide an effective way to further innovate the design of new organic charge-transfer complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ming Xie
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, P. R. China.
| | - Han-Yang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Ze Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Zou
- Guangzhou New Vision Opto-Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510730, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Qing Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Xin Tang
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, P. R. China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Q, Yu Z, Liu Q, Guo Y, Fu Z, Yang Y, Bin Z, Wu D, Lan J. Crafting 1,4-diaryl spirobifluorene hosts in OLEDs via interannular C-H arylation: synergistic effects of molecular linearity and orthogonality. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10547-10555. [PMID: 38994415 PMCID: PMC11234861 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02178a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present a design concept of introducing linear structures into the orthogonal configuration of 9,9'-spirobifluorene (SBF), aiming to enhance carrier mobilities while maintaining high triplet energies (E T), which are two critical parameters for optimizing host materials in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). To validate our proposed design, four pivotal model molecules of 1,4-diaryl SBFs were synthesized via interannular C-H arylation of bi(hetero)aryl-2-formaldehydes, a task challenging to accomplish using previous synthetic methodologies. The orthogonal configuration and the steric hindrance of SBF lead to high E T through the conjugation breaking at C1 and C4 positions, rendering 1,4-diaryl SBFs suitable as universal pure hydrocarbon (PHC) hosts for red, green, and blue (RGB) phosphorescent OLEDs (PhOLEDs). Meanwhile, the linearity and relatively good planarity of the para-quaterphenyl structure promote high carrier mobilities through orderly intermolecular packing. The synergistic effects of linearity and orthogonality in 1-(para-biphenyl)-4-phenyl-SBF result in exceptional device performance with external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 26.0%, 26.1%, and 22.5% for RGB PhOLEDs, respectively. Notably, the green PhOLED exhibits minimal efficiency roll-off, positioning its device performances among the state-of-the-art in PHC hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Qianhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Yusong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangyi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Yudong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyang Bin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Lan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cheng ZL, Zhang M, Yuan Y, Wang H, Li J, Zhang J, Li JC, Zhou JY, Wang JS, Liang HZ, Ye J, Wang K, Zhang XH. Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding Rigidifying Flexible Bridge for Solution- and Vacuum-Processed TSCT-TADF Emitters. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38802298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
To realize strong donor-acceptor face-to-face stacking for efficient through-space charge transfer-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence, a conceptually new design strategy is proposed to couple flexible bridges with adequate rigidity via built-in intramolecular hydrogen bonds (IHBs). The resulting emitter ACE-CN has a planarized benzyl methyl ether bridge self-anchored by the C-H···O IHB and shows a high photoluminescence quantum efficiency of 93%. The solution- and vacuum-processed devices exhibited high external quantum efficiencies of 11.8% and 24.7%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Li Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Chen Li
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Jie-Yu Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Shen Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ze Liang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ye
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cheng YC, Tang X, Wang K, Xiong X, Fan XC, Luo S, Walia R, Xie Y, Zhang T, Zhang D, Yu J, Chen XK, Adachi C, Zhang XH. Efficient, narrow-band, and stable electroluminescence from organoboron-nitrogen-carbonyl emitter. Nat Commun 2024; 15:731. [PMID: 38272899 PMCID: PMC10810797 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44981-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) exploiting simple binary emissive layers (EMLs) blending only emitters and hosts have natural advantages in low-cost commercialization. However, previously reported OLEDs based on binary EMLs hardly simultaneously achieved desired comprehensive performances, e.g., high efficiency, low efficiency roll-off, narrow emission bands, and high operation stability. Here, we report a molecular-design strategy. Such a strategy leads to a fast reverse intersystem crossing rate in our designed emitter h-BNCO-1 of 1.79×105 s-1. An OLED exploiting a binary EML with h-BNCO-1 achieves ultrapure emission, a maximum external quantum efficiency of over 40% and a mild roll-off of 14% at 1000 cd·m-2. Moreover, h-BNCO-1 also exhibits promising operational stability in an alternative OLED exploiting a compact binary EML (the lifetime reaching 95% of the initial luminance at 1000 cd m-2 is ~ 137 h). Here, our work has thus provided a molecular-design strategy for OLEDs with promising comprehensive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Xun Tang
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xin Xiong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Xiao-Chun Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Shulin Luo
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Rajat Walia
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Yue Xie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Jia Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xian-Kai Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lin CY, Hsu CH, Hung CM, Wu CC, Liu YH, Shi EHC, Lin TH, Hu YC, Hung WY, Wong KT, Chou PT. Entropy-driven charge-transfer complexation yields thermally activated delayed fluorescence and highly efficient OLEDs. Nat Chem 2024; 16:98-106. [PMID: 37884666 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Exciplex-forming systems that display thermally activated delayed fluorescence are widely used for fabricating organic light-emitting diodes. However, their further development can be hindered through a lack of structural and thermodynamic characterization. Here we report the generation of inclusion complexes between a cage-like, macrocyclic, electron-accepting host (A) and various N-methyl-indolocarbazole-based electron-donating guests (D), which exhibit exciplex-like thermally activated delayed fluorescence via a through-space electron-transfer process. The D/A cocrystals are fully resolved by X-ray analyses, and UV-visible titration data show their formation to be an endothermic and entropy-driven process. Moreover, their emission can be fine-tuned through the molecular orbitals of the donor. Organic light-emitting diodes were fabricated using one of the D/A systems, and the maximum external quantum efficiency measured was 15.2%. An external quantum efficiency of 10.3% was maintained under a luminance of 1,000 cd m-2. The results show the potential of adopting inclusion complexation to better understand the relationships between the structure, formation thermodynamics and properties of exciplexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yen Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsien Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Ming Hung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Tse-Hung Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Cheng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Hung
- Institute of Optoelectronic Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Tsung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Song XF, Jiang C, Li N, Miao J, Li K, Yang C. Simultaneously enhancing the planarity and electron-donating capability of donors for through-space charge transfer TADF towards deep-red emission. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12246-12254. [PMID: 37969606 PMCID: PMC10631242 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04264b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Through-space charge transfer (TSCT) has been proven effective for designing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters due to the separation of the frontier molecular orbitals. Although tuning of the interaction between the donor and acceptor by controlling the conformation is known to be crucial for the photophysical properties of TSCT excited states, it remains a challenge to realize efficient red and deep-red emissions. Herein, we designed two TSCT molecules, namely TPXZ-QX and TPXZ-2QX, by using oxygen-bridged triphenylamine (TPXZ) as the electron donor with enhanced planarity and electron-donating capability. With a face-to-face orientation of the donor and acceptor segments and close π-π contacts, the new emitters have strong intramolecular noncovalent donor-acceptor interactions. The emissions of TPXZ-QX and TPXZ-2QX in doped thin films lie in the red (λmax = 632 nm) to deep-red (λmax = 665 nm) region. The photoluminescence quantum yields are 41% and 32% for TPXZ-QX and TPXZ-2QX, respectively. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on TPXZ-QX and TPXZ-2QX show external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of up to 13.8% and 11.4%, respectively. This work indicates that the modulation of TSCT excited states based on strong intramolecular cofacial π-stacking interactions is a viable choice for the development of high-efficiency long-wavelength TADF emitters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Fang Song
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Chenglin Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Nengquan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jingsheng Miao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Kai Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Poriel C, Rault-Berthelot J. Dihydroindenofluorenes as building units in organic semiconductors for organic electronics. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6754-6805. [PMID: 37702538 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00993a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to discuss organic semiconductors constructed on dihydroindenofluorene positional isomers, which are key molecular scaffolds in organic electronics. Bridged oligophenylenes are key organic semiconductors that have allowed the development of organic electronic technologies. Dihydroindenofluorenes (DHIFs) belong to the family of bridged oligophenylenes constructed on a terphenyl backbone. They have proven to be very promising building blocks for the construction of highly efficient organic semiconductors for all OE devices, namely organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), phosphorescent OLEDs, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), solar cells, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Poriel
- UMR CNRS 6226-Université Rennes 1-ISCR-Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang T, Xiao Y, Wang H, Kong S, Huang R, Ka-Man Au V, Yu T, Huang W. Highly Twisted Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) Molecules and Their Applications in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301896. [PMID: 37288654 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have attracted great potential in the field of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Among thousands of TADF materials, highly twisted TADF emitters have become a hotspot in recent years. Compared with traditional TADF materials, highly twisted TADF emitters tend to show multi-channel charge-transfer characters and form rigid molecular structures. This is advantageous for TADF materials, as non-radiative decay processes can be suppressed to facilitate efficient exciton utilization. Accordingly, OLEDs with excellent device performances have also been reported. In this Review, we have summarized recent progress in highly twisted TADF materials and related devices, and give an overview of the molecular design strategies, photophysical studies, and the performances of OLED devices. In addition, the challenges and perspectives of highly twisted TADF molecules and the related OLEDs are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuxin Xiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, China
| | - Hailan Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuting Kong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, China
| | - Rongjuan Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, China
| | - Vonika Ka-Man Au
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 218 Qingyi Road, 315103, Ningbo, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, 211816, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays &, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao Z, Yan S, Ren Z. Regulating the Nature of Triplet Excited States of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters. Acc Chem Res 2023. [PMID: 37364229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusCharacterized by the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process from the triplet state (T1) to the singlet state (S1), thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, which produce light by harvesting both triplet and singlet excitons without noble metals, are considered to be third-generation organic electroluminescent materials. Rapid advances in molecular design criteria, understanding the photophysics underlying TADF, and applications of TADF materials as emitters in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been achieved. Theoretically, enhanced spin-orbit coupling (SOC) between singlet and triplet states can result in a fast RISC process and thus a high light-emitting efficiency according to Fermi's golden rule. Therefore, regulating the nature of triplet excited states by elaborate molecular design to improve SOC is an effective approach to high-efficiency TADF-based OLEDs. Generally, on one hand, the increased local excited (LE) populations of the excited triplet state can significantly improve the nature flips between S1 and T1. On other hand, the reduced energy gap between S1 and the lowest triplet with a charge transfer (CT) characteristic can also enhance their vibronic coupling. Consequently, it is vital to determine how to regulate the nature of triplet excited states by molecular design to guide the material synthesis, especially for polymeric emitters.In this Account, we focus on modulating the strategy of triplet excited states for TADF emitters and an in-depth understanding of the photophysical processes, leading to optimized OLED device performance. We include several kinds of strategies to control the nature of triplet excited states to guide the synthesis of small-molecule and polymer TADF emitters: (1) Modulating the electronic distribution of conjugated polymeric backbones by copolymerizing the electron-donating host: accordingly, the nature of excited states can be changed, especially for triplets. Meanwhile, the utilization of excitons can be systematically improved by adjusting the electronic structure of triplet states with long-range distribution in the conjugated polymeric backbones. (2) Halogenating acceptors of TADF units: the introduced halogen atoms would reestablish the electronic distribution of the triplet and relocate the hole orbits, resulting in a CT and LE hybrid nature of a triplet transformed into a LE-predominant state, which favors the RISC process. (3) Stereostructure regulation: by constructing a diverse arrangement of three-dimensional spatial configurations or conjugated architectures, the nature of the triplet can also be finely tuned, such as hyperbranched structures with multiple triplet-singlet vibration couplings, half-dendronized-half-encapsulated asymmetric systems, trinaphtho[3,3,3] propeller-based three-dimensional spatial interspersed structures, intramolecular close-packed donor-acceptor systems, and so on. We hope that this Account will provide insights into new structures and mechanisms for achieving high-performance OLEDs based on regulating the nature of triplet excited states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhennan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shouke Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhongjie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang J, Li N, Zhong C, Miao J, Huang Z, Yu M, Hu YX, Luo S, Zou Y, Li K, Yang C. Metal-Perturbed Multiresonance TADF Emitter Enables High-Efficiency and Ultralow Efficiency Roll-Off Nonsensitized OLEDs with Pure Green Gamut. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208378. [PMID: 36534824 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Multiresonance (MR)-induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters based on B- and N-embedded polycyclic aromatics are desirable for ultrahigh-definition organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to their high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and narrow bandwidth. But the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rates of MR-TADF emitters are usually small, resulting in severe device efficiency roll-off at high brightness. To solve this issue, a sensitizer for the MR-TADF emitter has been required. Herein, a new MR-TADF emitter is developed through coordination of Au with B/N-embedded polycyclic ligand. Benefitting from the Au perturbation, the RISC rate is dramatically accelerated to 2.3 × 107 s-1 , leading to delayed fluorescence lifetime as short as 4.3 µs. Meanwhile, the PLQY of 95% and full width at half maximum of 39 nm (0.18 eV) are essentially unchanged after metal coordination. Therefore, a high PLQY, short delayed fluorescence lifetime, and high color purity are concurrently realized in a single TADF emitter. Accordingly, vacuum-deposited OLEDs exhibit high-performance electroluminescence with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 35.8% without sensitization. The EQE is maintained as high as 32.3% at 10 000 cd m-2 . Furthermore, solution-processed OLED based on the emitter also achieves excellent performance with a maximum EQE of 25.7% and a small efficiency roll-off.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Nengquan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jingsheng Miao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyan Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Mingxin Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xuan Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Sai Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang C, Cheng J, Wu Q, Hou S, Feng S, Jiang B, Lambert CJ, Gao X, Li Y, Li J. Enhanced π-π Stacking between Dipole-Bearing Single Molecules Revealed by Conductance Measurement. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1617-1630. [PMID: 36625785 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dipoles are widely involved in π-π interactions and are central to many chemical and biological functions, but their influence on the strength of π-π interactions remains unclear. Here, we report a study of π-π interaction between azulene-based, polar single molecules and between naphthalene-based, nonpolar single molecules. By performing scanning tunneling microscopy break junction measurements of single-molecule conductance, we show that the π-stacked dimers formed by the azulene-based, polar aromatic structures feature higher electrical conductivity and mechanical stability than those formed by the naphthalene-based, nonpolar molecules. Mechanical control of π-π interactions in both rotational and translational motion reveals a sensitive dependence of the stacking strength on relative alignment between the dipoles. The antiparallel alignment of the dipoles was found to be the optimal stacking configuration that underpins the observed enhancement of π-π stacking between azulene-based single molecules. Density functional theory calculations further explained the observed enhancement of stacking strength and the corresponding charge transport efficiency. Our experimental and theoretical results show that the antiparallel alignment of the dipole moments significantly enhances the electronic coupling and mechanical stability of π-π stacking. In addition, in the formation of single-molecule junctions, the azulene group was experimentally and theoretically proved to form a Au-π contact with electrodes with high charge transport efficiency. This paper provides evidence and interpretation of the role of dipoles in π-π interactions at the single-molecule level and offers new insights into potential applications in supramolecular devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyang Zhang
- Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, LancasterLA1 4YB, U.K
| | - Songjun Hou
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, LancasterLA1 4YB, U.K
| | - Sai Feng
- Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, LancasterLA1 4YB, U.K
| | - Xike Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Yueqi Li
- Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, China.,Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Arumugam S, Bhattacharya M, Gorantla SMNVT, Mondal KC. Redox Active cAAC-Fluorene/Indene Systems Displaying Solvatochromism, Green Luminescence and pH Sensing: Functionalization of Fluorenyl/Indenyl Rings with Radical Carbene. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201041. [PMID: 36420907 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two new series of air stable compounds of cAACX = fluorene/indene (X = Me2 , Et2 , Cy) [cAAC = cyclic (alkyl) amino carbene] have been isolated and well characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction, photoluminescence, cyclic voltammogram (CV) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies. Fluorescence studies reveals green light emission of cAAC bonded fluorene, whereas free fluorene generally displays a violet emission. Interestingly, the sterically crowded cAAC-fluorene analogue display solvatochromism and CF3 CO2 H sensing in solution. CV of the these compounds show a quasi-reversible electron transfer process, indicating the functionalization of fluorene/indene with radical anionic form of carbene, confirmed by CV/EPR measurements. DFT/TDDFT calculations and energy decomposition analysis coupled with natural orbital for chemical valence (EDA-NOCV) have been carried out to study different aspects of bonding and electronic transitions. Such a class of redox active and thermally stable organic molecules may be suitable for molecule based spin memory devices in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selvakumar Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Madhuri Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | | | - Kartik Chandra Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zou H, Liu H, Mu Q, Zhang K, Song Y, Lin L, Xu Y, Wang CK, Fan J. Theoretical perspective for substitution effect on luminescent properties of through space charge transfer-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecules. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 285:121899. [PMID: 36179564 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, through space charge transfer (TSCT)-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules have shown advantages in achieving high efficiencies and tunable emissions. However, the relationships between basic molecular structures and luminescent properties are unclear. Theoretical investigations to reveal the substitution effects with different numbers and positions on excited-state properties are highly desired. Herein, by taking TSCT-based TADF molecules S-CNDF-S-tCz, S-CNDF-D-tCz and T-CNDF-T-tCz as skeletons, a series of promising TADF molecules are designed by adopting ortho, meta and para substitutions with different numbers and positions. Photophysical properties of total 16 molecules are theoretically studied by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) methods in chloroform combined with polarizable continuum model. Results indicate that molecules with ortho-substitution possess small geometric changes and short Donor-Acceptor distances which are induced by the intramolecular van der Waals interactions. Decreased non-radiative consumption and increased TSCT ratio and therefore excellent performance for them can be expected. For molecules with large substitution numbers, twist structures facilitate them to realize small adiabatic energy gaps between the lowest singlet excited state (S1) and the lowest triplet excited state (T1), this designing strategy is consistent with the TADF dendrimers. Thus, the relationships between molecular structures and luminescent properties are revealed and promising TSCT-based TADF molecules with high efficiencies are theoretically proposed. Our investigations provide theoretical perspectives for inner mechanisms of substitution effect, which could further afford meaningful guidance to design new efficient TSCT-based TADF molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haipei Zou
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Huanling Liu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qingfang Mu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yuzhi Song
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Chuan-Kui Wang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Jianzhong Fan
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology, Institute of Materials and Clean Energy, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates (South China University of Technology), Guangzhou 510640, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang J, Huang G, Zhao Z, Wang C, Cui J, Song E, Mei Y. Nanomembrane-assembled nanophotonics and optoelectronics: from materials to applications. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 35:093001. [PMID: 36560918 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acabf3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanophotonics and optoelectronics are the keys to the information transmission technology field. The performance of the devices crucially depends on the light-matter interaction, and it is found that three-dimensional (3D) structures may be associated with strong light field regulation for advantageous application. Recently, 3D assembly of flexible nanomembranes has attracted increasing attention in optical field, and novel optoelectronic device applications have been demonstrated with fantastic 3D design. In this review, we first introduce the fabrication of various materials in the form of nanomembranes. On the basis of the deformability of nanomembranes, 3D structures can be built by patterning and release steps. Specifically, assembly methods to build 3D nanomembrane are summarized as rolling, folding, buckling and pick-place methods. Incorporating functional materials and constructing fine structures are two important development directions in 3D nanophotonics and optoelectronics, and we settle previous researches on these two aspects. The extraordinary performance and applicability of 3D devices show the potential of nanomembrane assembly for future optoelectronic applications in multiple areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Huang
- Department of Materials Science, International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Institute of Optoelectronics, Yiwu Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoshan Huang
- Department of Materials Science, International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Institute of Optoelectronics, Yiwu Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Materials Science, International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Institute of Optoelectronics, Yiwu Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Materials Science, International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Institute of Optoelectronics, Yiwu Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jizhai Cui
- Department of Materials Science, International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Institute of Optoelectronics, Yiwu Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Enming Song
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, International Institute of Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems, Institute of Optoelectronics, Yiwu Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gao Y, Wu S, Shan G, Cheng G. Recent Progress in Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters and Their Applications in OLEDs: Beyond Pure Organic Molecules with Twist D-π-A Structures. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2150. [PMID: 36557449 PMCID: PMC9784815 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials, which can harvest all excitons and emit light without the use of noble metals, are an appealing class of functional materials emerging as next-generation organic electroluminescent materials. Triplet excitons can be upconverted to the singlet state with the aid of ambient thermal energy under the reverse inter-system crossing owing to the small singlet-triplet splitting energy (ΔEST). This results from a specific molecular design consisting of minimal overlap between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, due to the spatial separation of the electron-donating and electron-releasing part. When a well-designed device structure is applied, high-performance blue-emitting TADF organic light-emitting diodes can be realized with an appropriate molecular design. Unlike the previous literature that has reviewed general blue-emitting TADF materials, in this paper, we focus on materials other than pure organic molecules with twist D-π-A structures, including multi-resonance TADF, through-space charge transfer TADF, and metal-TADF materials. Cutting-edge molecules with extremely small and even negative ΔEST values are also introduced as candidates for next-generation TADF materials. In addition, OLED structures used to exploit the merits of the abovementioned TADF emitters are also described in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry and National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Siping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guogang Shan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry and National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen 518053, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jiang X, Chen H, Wu Z, Jin Y, Zhang X, Li X, Yang H, Wu Z. Efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting device based on an exciplex. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:5873-5876. [PMID: 37219124 DOI: 10.1364/ol.476088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An exciplex with significant thermally activated delayed fluorescence properties was realized, comprising diphenyl-[3'-(1-phenyl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-amine as a donor and 2,4,6-tris[3-(diphenylphosphinyl)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine as an acceptor. A very small energy difference between the singlet and triplet levels and a large rate constant of the reverse intersystem crossing were attained simultaneously, contributing to the efficient upconversion of triplet excitons from the triplet state to the singlet state and thermally activated delayed fluorescence emission. A high-efficiency organic light-emitting device based on the exciplex was fabricated, which exhibited a maximum current efficiency, power efficiency, external quantum efficiency, and exciton utilization efficiency of 23.1 cd/A, 24.2 lm/W, 7.32%, and 54%, respectively. The efficiency roll-off of the exciplex-based device was slight, as illustrated by a large critical current density of 34.1 mA/cm2. This efficiency roll-off was ascribed to triplet-triplet annihilation, as confirmed by the triplet-triplet annihilation model. We proved the high binding energy of the excitons and excellent charge confinement within the exciplex by performing transient electroluminescence measurements.
Collapse
|
17
|
Xie F, Li H, Zhang K, Shen Y, Zhao X, Li Y, Tang J. A Dislocated Twin‐Locking Acceptor‐Donor‐Acceptor Configuration for Efficient Delayed Fluorescence with Multiple Through‐Space Charge Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213823. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng‐Ming Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Hao‐Ze Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science Ministry of Education Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument Engineering Research Center East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Macau Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE) Faculty of Innovation Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology Taipa Macau SAR 999078 P. R. China
| | - Yang Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou Jiangsu 215009 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Qing Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Science Ministry of Education Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument Engineering Research Center East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Xin Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P. R. China
- Macau Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE) Faculty of Innovation Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology Taipa Macau SAR 999078 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Iwata K, Egawa Y, Yamanishi K, Tsuji H. Preparation of 2,3-Dibromo-1 H-indenes and Tetrabromodihydro- s-indacenes as Synthetic Building Blocks. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13882-13890. [PMID: 36226725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The acid-induced intramolecular cyclization of 1,1-disubstituted 3-aryl-2,3-dibromoallylalcohols affords 2,3-dibromo-1H-indene derivatives. This method is also applicable to the preparation of tetrabromodihydro-s-indacenes. The thus obtained multi-brominated compounds can serve as versatile synthetic building blocks to obtain a variety of indene and indacene derivatives, as demonstrated by the synthesis of dialkylmethylene-bridged oligo(phenylenevinylene)s, which feature attractive photophysical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Iwata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Tsuchiya 2946, Hiratsuka 259-1293, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Egawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Tsuchiya 2946, Hiratsuka 259-1293, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yamanishi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Tsuchiya 2946, Hiratsuka 259-1293, Japan
| | - Hayato Tsuji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Tsuchiya 2946, Hiratsuka 259-1293, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao Z, Zeng C, Peng X, Liu Y, Zhao H, Hua L, Su S, Yan S, Ren Z. Tuning Intramolecular Stacking of Rigid Heteroaromatic Compounds for High‐Efficiency Deep‐Blue Through‐Space Charge‐Transfer Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210864. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhennan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics Ministry of Education Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Yuchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics Ministry of Education Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Haisong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Lei Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Shi‐Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Shouke Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics Ministry of Education Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Zhongjie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhao Z, Zeng C, Peng X, Liu Y, Zhao H, Hua L, Su SJ, Yan S, Ren Z. Tuning Intramolecular Stacking of Rigid Heteroaromatic Compounds for High‐Efficiency Deep‐blue Through‐Space Charge‐Transfer Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhennan Zhao
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering CHINA
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education CHINA
| | - Xiaomei Peng
- South China University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices CHINA
| | - Yuchao Liu
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education CHINA
| | - Haisong Zhao
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering CHINA
| | - Lei Hua
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering CHINA
| | - Shi-Jian Su
- South China University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices CHINA
| | - Shouke Yan
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhongjie Ren
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology College of Materials Science and Engineering No.15 North 3th Ring East Road 100029 Beijing CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Forero‐Martinez NC, Lin K, Kremer K, Andrienko D. Virtual Screening for Organic Solar Cells and Light Emitting Diodes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200825. [PMID: 35460204 PMCID: PMC9259727 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The field of organic semiconductors is multifaceted and the potentially suitable molecular compounds are very diverse. Representative examples include discotic liquid crystals, dye-sensitized solar cells, conjugated polymers, and graphene-based low-dimensional materials. This huge variety not only represents enormous challenges for synthesis but also for theory, which aims at a comprehensive understanding and structuring of the plethora of possible compounds. Eventually computational methods should point to new, better materials, which have not yet been synthesized. In this perspective, it is shown that the answer to this question rests upon the delicate balance between computational efficiency and accuracy of the methods used in the virtual screening. To illustrate the fundamentals of virtual screening, chemical design of non-fullerene acceptors, thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters, and nanographenes are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kun‐Han Lin
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Kurt Kremer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Denis Andrienko
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jiang C, Miao J, Zhang D, Wen Z, Yang C, Li K. Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor π-Stacking Boosts Intramolecular Through-Space Charge Transfer towards Efficient Red TADF and High-Performance OLEDs. Research (Wash D C) 2022; 2022:9892802. [PMID: 35935129 PMCID: PMC9275096 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9892802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic push-pull systems featuring through-space charge transfer (TSCT) excited states have been disclosed to be capable of exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), but to realize high-efficiency long-wavelength emission still remains a challenge. Herein, we report a series of strongly emissive orange-red and red TSCT-TADF emitters having (quasi)planar and rigid donor and acceptor segments which are placed in close proximity and orientated in a cofacial manner. Emission maxima (λem) of 594−599 nm with photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of up to 91% and delayed fluorescence lifetimes of down to 4.9 μs have been achieved for new acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) molecules in doped thin films. The presence of multiple acceptors and the strong intramolecular π-stacking interactions have been unveiled to be crucial for the efficient low-energy TSCT-TADF emissions. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on the new A-D-A emitters demonstrated electroluminescence with maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of up to 23.2% for the red TSCT-TADF emitters. An EQE of 18.9% at the brightness of 1000 cd m−2 represents one of the highest values for red TADF OLEDs. This work demonstrates a modular approach for developing high-performance red TADF emitters through engineering through-space interactions, and it may also provide implications to the design of TADF emitter with other colours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jingsheng Miao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Danwen Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhenhua Wen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kai Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang SY, Qu YK, Liao LS, Jiang ZQ, Lee ST. Research Progress of Intramolecular π-Stacked Small Molecules for Device Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104125. [PMID: 34595783 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors can be designed and constructed in π-stacked structures instead of the conventional π-conjugated structures. Through-space interaction (TSI) occurs in π-stacked optoelectronic materials. Thus, unlike electronic coupling along the conjugated chain, the functional groups can stack closely to facilitate spatial electron communication. Using π-stacked motifs, chemists and materials scientists can find new ways for constructing materials with aggregation-induced emission (AIE), thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), and room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), as well as enhanced molecular conductance. Organic optoelectronic devices based on π-stacked molecules have exhibited very promising performance, with some of them exceeding π-conjugated analogues. Recently, reports on various organic π-stacked structures have grown rapidly, prompting this review. Representative molecular scaffolds and newly developed π-stacked systems could stimulate more attention on through-space charge transfer the well-known through-bond charge transfer. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for utilizing and improving particular materials are discussed. The previous achievements and upcoming prospects may provide new insights into the theory, materials, and devices in the field of organic semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yi Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Kun Qu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Zuo-Quan Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shuit-Tong Lee
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu J, Feng Z, Peng C, Yu Y, Yang S, Jiang Z, Liao L. Acceptor modulation for improving thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter in through-space charge transfer on spiro skeletons. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
25
|
Qu Y, Zhou D, Kong F, Zheng Q, Tang X, Zhu Y, Huang C, Feng Z, Fan J, Adachi C, Liao L, Jiang Z. Steric Modulation of Spiro Structure for Highly Efficient Multiple Resonance Emitters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201886. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang‐Kun Qu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Dong‐Ying Zhou
- College of Energy Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS) Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province Soochow University Suzhou 215006 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Fan‐Cheng Kong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Xun Tang
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yuan‐Hao Zhu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Chen‐Chao Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Zi‐Qi Feng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Jian Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Liang‐Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology Taipa 999078 Macau SAR P.R. China
| | - Zuo‐Quan Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shen P, Liu H, Zhuang Z, Zeng J, Zhao Z, Tang BZ. Through-Space Conjugated Electron Transport Materials for Improving Efficiency and Lifetime of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200374. [PMID: 35322599 PMCID: PMC9130898 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Thermally stable electron transport (ET) materials with high electron mobility and high triplet state energy level are highly desired for the fabrication of efficient and stable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, a new design strategy of constructing through-space conjugated folded configuration is proposed to explore robust ET materials, opposite to the widely used planar configuration. By bonding two quinolines to the 9,10-positions of phenanthrene, two novel folded molecules with high thermal and morphological stabilities and high triplet state energy levels (>2.7 eV) are created. These folded molecules possess excellent ET ability with electron mobilities of three orders of magnitude higher than those of linear and planar counterparts. Theoretical calculation and crystallography analysis demonstrate the through-space conjugated folded configuration has not only reduced reorganization energy but also enlarged charge transfer integral at various dimensions, bringing about efficient multi-dimensional ET, independent of molecular orientation. By adopting the folded molecule as ET layers, OLEDs with no matter delayed fluorescence or phosphorescence emitters can achieve high external quantum efficiencies and long operational lifetimes simultaneously. This work paves a new avenue towards robust ET materials to improve efficiency and stability of OLEDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingchuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular AggregatesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular AggregatesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Zeyan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular AggregatesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Jiajie Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular AggregatesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular AggregatesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular AggregatesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and TechnologySchool of Science and EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdong518172China
- AIE InstituteGuangzhou Development DistrictHuangpuGuangzhou510530China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Qu Y, Zhou D, Kong F, Zheng Q, Tang X, Zhu Y, Huang C, Feng Z, Fan J, Adachi C, Liao L, Jiang Z. Steric Modulation of Spiro Structure for Highly Efficient Multiple Resonance Emitters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang‐Kun Qu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Dong‐Ying Zhou
- College of Energy Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS) Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province Soochow University Suzhou 215006 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Fan‐Cheng Kong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Xun Tang
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yuan‐Hao Zhu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Chen‐Chao Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Zi‐Qi Feng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Jian Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Liang‐Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology Taipa 999078 Macau SAR P.R. China
| | - Zuo‐Quan Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Han J, Huang Z, Miao J, Qiu Y, Xie Z, Yang C. Narrowband blue emission with insensitivity to the doping concentration from an oxygen-bridged triarylboron-based TADF emitter: nondoped OLEDs with a high external quantum efficiency up to 21.4. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3402-3408. [PMID: 35432872 PMCID: PMC8943898 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00329e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters that can simultaneously achieve narrowband emission and high efficiency in nondoped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) remain a big challenge. Herein, we successfully design and synthesize two blue TADF emitters by directly incorporating carbazole fragments into an oxygen-bridged triarylboron acceptor. Depending on the linking mode, the two emitters show significantly different photophysical properties. Benefitting from the bulky steric hindrance between the acceptor and terminal pendants, the blue emitter TDBA-Cz exhibited a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 88% in neat films and narrowband emission. The corresponding non-doped blue device exhibited a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 21.4%, with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of only 45 nm. This compound is the first blue TADF emitter that can concurrently achieve narrow bandwidth and high electroluminescence (EL) efficiency in nondoped blue TADF-OLEDs. A donor–acceptor TADF emitter showed narrowband high-efficiency blue emission by fine molecular modulation. The corresponding OLEDs exhibited a maximum EQE of 21.4% and a small FWHM of 45 nm, representing the most efficient nondoped blue TADF-OLEDs.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Han
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China .,College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Zhongyan Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Jingsheng Miao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Yuntao Qiu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Ziyang Xie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Huang T, Wang Q, Meng G, Duan L, Zhang D. Accelerating Radiative Decay in Blue Through-Space Charge Transfer Emitters by Minimizing the Face-to-Face Donor-Acceptor Distances. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200059. [PMID: 35064995 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorophors (TADF) featuring through-space charge transfers (TSCT) suffer from low radiative decay rates (kr s), especially for blue emitters. Here, a xanthene bridge is adopted to construct space-confined face-to-face donor-acceptor alignment and minimize their distances down to 2.7-2.8 Å, even shorter than the interlayer distance of graphite and thus strengthening the electronic interactions. The resulting blue TSCT-TADF emitters exhibit peaks around ≈460 nm, photoluminescence quantum yields of >90 %, and kr s of nearly 107 s-1 , almost 2-10 times higher than previously observed values with comparable reverse intersystem crossing rates. The corresponding blue organic light-emitting diodes show maximum external quantum efficiencies of 27.8 % and 34.7 % with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage y coordinates of 0.29 and 0.15 using those molecules as emitters and sensitizers, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guoyun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Huang T, Wang Q, Meng G, Duan L, Zhang D. Accelerating Radiative Decay in Blue Through‐space Charge Transfer Emitters by Minimizing the Face‐to‐face Donor‐acceptor Distances. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Huang
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Qi Wang
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Guoyun Meng
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Lian Duan
- Tsinghua University Chemistry HeTian Building Dept. of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China 100084 Beijing CHINA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sun XW, Peng LY, Gao YJ, Ye JT, Cui G. Theoretical studies on boron dimesityl-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic emitters: excited-state properties and mechanisms. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02516g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
At 300 K, S1 excitons could emit fluorescence or undergo ISC to T1, where rISC exceeds the phosphorescence emission enabling TADF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ling-Ya Peng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuan-Jun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jin-Ting Ye
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liang X, Liu Z, Xia Y, Li D, Li J, Wang H, Zhang Z, Wang S, Zhao B, Li Z, Xing Y, Guo K. Lifting Triplet Energy and Bipolar Characteristics by Limiting the Rotation of the Peripheral Groups in Host Materials to Achieve High-Efficiency Blue OLED. Chem Asian J 2021; 17:e202101298. [PMID: 34964279 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar host materials with high triplet energy are of great significance for highly efficient blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this work, three donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) type host materials with identical non-rigid diphenylsulfone center but differing in rotation degree of peripheral amino substituted derivatives from rotating freely diphenylamine (SODP) to rotating partially iminodibenzyl (SOId) and rotating restricted carbazole (SOCz) were designed and synthesized. It was demonstrated that the triplet energy (ET ) level of the materials promoted by limiting the rotation degree of the peripheral groups, which was 2.72 eV for SODP, 2.73 eV for SOId and 2.78 eV for SOCz, respectively. Besides, the results of the single-carrier devices indicate SOCz possess better bipolar characteristic. Using FIrpic as guest emitter, the blue OLED with SOCz as host material exhibited superior device performance with a low turn-on voltage of 3.3 V, a maximum current efficiency (CE) of 30.1 cd A-1 , a maximum power efficiency (PE) of 32.2 lm W-1 , and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 14.0%. This work provides a beneficial guideline for realizing promising host materials in efficient blue OLEDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Zemei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Da Li
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Sijing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Kunpeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wei Y, Yan Y, Li X, Xie L, Huang W. Covalent nanosynthesis of fluorene-based macrocycles and organic nanogrids. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:73-97. [PMID: 34859249 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01558c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gridization is an alternative way to create macromolecules of various sizes in addition to linear and dendritic polymerization as well as cyclization. Organic nanogrids are an expanding family of macrocycle-like closed structures at the nanoscale, but with a series of well-defined extension edges and vertices. Cyclic nanogrids can be used as nanoscale building blocks for the fabrication of not only rotaxanes, catenanes, knots, 3D cages, but also nanopolymers, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and complex molecular cross-scale architectures. In this review, the history of fluorene-based macrocycles has first been explored, followed by the development of the synthetic methodologies; in particular, fluorene-based nanogrids are highlighted owing to their features and applications. Typically, fluorenes are fused arenes with a hybrid entity between tetrahedral Csp3 and Csp2. Four ingenious connection modes of fluorene-based macrocycles, including 2,7-, 3,6-, 9,9-, and 2,9-linkages, fully demonstrate the geometric possibilities of the macrocycles and nanogrids. Such fluorene-based nanogrids will give birth to organic intelligence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yongxia Yan
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Linghai Xie
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China. .,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Song Y, Tian M, Yu R, He L. Through-Space Charge-Transfer Emitters Developed by Fixing the Acceptor for High-Efficiency Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60269-60278. [PMID: 34881866 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Through-space charge-transfer (TSCT) emitters have been extensively explored for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), but arranging various donors and acceptors into rigid cofacial conformations for various efficient TSCT TADF emitters has remained challenging. Here, we report a "fixing acceptor" design to reach various efficient TSCT TADF emitters. By chemically fixing the acceptor (benzophenone) with a rigid spiro-structure and cofacially aligning various donors with the fixed acceptor, a series of efficient TSCT TADF emitters have been developed. Single-crystal structures and theoretical calculations have verified closely packed cofacial donor/acceptor conformations and favorable TSCT in the emitters. In doped films, the emitters afford sky blue to yellow TADF emission, with high photoluminescence efficiencies up to 0.92 and reverse intersystem crossing rates up to 1.0 × 106 s-1. Organic light-emitting diodes using the emitters afford sky blue to yellow electroluminescence with high external quantum efficiencies up to 20.9%. The work opens a new avenue toward a wide variety of efficient TSCT TADF emitters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Song
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Renyou Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei He
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liu XT, Hua W, Nie HX, Chen M, Chang Z, Bu XH. Manipulating spatial alignment of donor and acceptor in host-guest MOF for TADF. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 9:nwab222. [PMID: 36105943 PMCID: PMC9466880 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) was achieved when electron-rich triphenylene (Tpl) donors (D) were confined to a cage-based porous MOF host (NKU-111) composed of electron-deficient 2,4,6-tri(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (Tpt) acceptor (A) as the ligand. The spatially-separated D and A molecules in a face-to-face stacking pattern generated strong through-space charge transfer (CT) interactions with a small singlet-triplet excited states energy splitting (∼0.1 eV), which enabled TADF. The resulting Tpl@NKU-111 exhibited an uncommon enhanced emission intensity as the temperature increased. Extensive steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic measurements and first-principles simulations revealed the chemical and electronic structure of this compound in both the ground and low-lying excited states. A double-channel (T1, T2) intersystem crossing mechanism with S1 was found and explained as single-directional CT from the degenerate HOMO-1/HOMO of the guest donor to the LUMO + 1 of one of the nearest acceptors. The rigid skeleton of the compound and effective through-space CT enhanced the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). A maximum PLQY of 57.36% was achieved by optimizing the Tpl loading ratio in the host framework. These results indicate the potential of the MOFs for the targeted construction and optimization of TADF materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300350, China
| | - Weijie Hua
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing, Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing210094, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Nie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300350, China
| | - Mingxing Chen
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Ze Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300350, China
| | - Xian-He Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fang F, Zhu L, Li M, Song Y, Sun M, Zhao D, Zhang J. Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Material: An Emerging Class of Metal-Free Luminophores for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102970. [PMID: 34705318 PMCID: PMC8693050 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of simple, efficient, and biocompatible organic luminescent molecules is of great significance to the clinical transformation of biomaterials. In recent years, purely organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials with an extremely small single-triplet energy gap (ΔEST ) have been considered as the most promising new-generation electroluminescence emitters, which is an enormous breakthrough in organic optoelectronics. By merits of the unique photophysical properties, high structure flexibility, and reduced health risks, such metal-free TADF luminophores have attracted tremendous attention in biomedical fields, including conventional fluorescence imaging, time-resolved imaging and sensing, and photodynamic therapy. However, there is currently no systematic summary of the TADF materials for biomedical applications, which is presented in this review. Besides a brief introduction of the major developments of TADF material, the typical TADF mechanisms and fundamental principles on design strategies of TADF molecules and nanomaterials are subsequently described. Importantly, a specific emphasis is placed on the discussion of TADF materials for various biomedical applications. Finally, the authors make a forecast of the remaining challenges and future developments. This review provides insightful perspectives and clear prospects towards the rapid development of TADF materials in biomedicine, which will be highly valuable to exploit new luminescent materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life SciencesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life SciencesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life SciencesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Yueyue Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life SciencesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Meng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life SciencesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Dongxu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life SciencesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life SciencesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang R, Li Z, Hu T, Tian L, Hu X, Liu S, Cao C, Zhu ZL, Tan JH, Yi Y, Wang P, Lee CS, Wang Y. Two-Channel Space Charge Transfer-Induced Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Materials for Efficient OLEDs with Low Efficiency Roll-Off. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49066-49075. [PMID: 34613700 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process of thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters is an effective approach to realize efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with low efficiency roll-off. In this work, we designed two novel TADF emitters, SAT-DAC and SATX-DAC, via a spiro architecture. Efficient maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 22.6 and 20.9% with reduced efficiency roll-off (EQEs of 17.9 and 17.0% at 1000 cd m-2) were achieved via a "two-RISC-channel" strategy. X-ray diffraction shows close donor (D)/acceptor (A) spacing and suitable D/A orientation in crystals of the two emitters favoring both intra- and intermolecular through-space charge transfer (TSCT) processes. Transient photoluminescence decay measurements show that both emitters have two RISC channels leading to kISCT exceeding 106 s-1. These results suggest that the "two-RISC-channel" design can be a novel approach for enhancing performance of TADF emitters, in particular at high excitation densities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, and TIPC-CityU Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Device, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, and TIPC-CityU Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Device, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Taiping Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, and TIPC-CityU Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Device, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, and TIPC-CityU Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Device, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shihao Liu
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chen Cao
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Lin Zhu
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Hua Tan
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, and TIPC-CityU Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Device, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, and TIPC-CityU Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Device, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zimmermann Crocomo P, Kaihara T, Kawaguchi. S, Stachelek P, Minakata S, de Silva P, Data P, Takeda Y. The Impact of C 2 Insertion into a Carbazole Donor on the Physicochemical Properties of Dibenzo[a,j]phenazine-Cored Donor-Acceptor-Donor Triads. Chemistry 2021; 27:13390-13398. [PMID: 34314537 PMCID: PMC8519004 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Novel electron donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) compounds comprising dibenzo[a,j]phenazine as the central acceptor core and two 7-membered diarylamines (iminodibenzyl and iminostilbene) as the donors have been designed and synthesized. Investigation of their physicochemical properties revealed the impact of C2 insertion into well-known carbazole electron donors on the properties of previously reported twisted dibenzo[a,j]phenazine-core D-A-D triads. Slight structural modification caused a drastic change in conformational preference, allowing unique photophysical behavior of dual emission derived from room-temperature phosphorescence and triplet-triplet annihilation. Furthermore, electrochemical analysis suggested sigma-dimer formation and electrochemical polymerization on the electrode. Quantum chemical calculations also rationalized the experimental results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takahito Kaihara
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversityYamadaoka 2–1SuitaOsaka565-0871Japan
| | - Soki Kawaguchi.
- Nada Junior and Senior High SchoolUozakikitamachi 8–5-1KobeHigashinada-ku, Hyogo658-0082Japan
- Current contact address: Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaido060-0810Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversityYamadaoka 2–1SuitaOsaka565-0871Japan
| | - Piotr de Silva
- Department of Energy Conversion and StorageTechnical University of Denmark2800Kongens LyngbyDenmark
| | - Przemyslaw Data
- Faculty of ChemistrySilesian University of TechnologyM. Strzody 944-100GliwicePoland
| | - Youhei Takeda
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversityYamadaoka 2–1SuitaOsaka565-0871Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang Z, Diesing S, Crovini E, Gupta AK, Spuling E, Gan X, Fuhr O, Nieger M, Hassan Z, Samuel IDW, Bräse S, Zysman-Colman E. Molecular Design and Synthesis of Dicarbazolophane-Based Centrosymmetric Through-Space Donors for Solution-Processed Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence OLEDs. Org Lett 2021; 23:6697-6702. [PMID: 34387488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation-extended carbazolophane donors, dicarbazolophanes (DCzp), were designed and synthesized using a multifold stepwise Pd-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig amination/ring cyclization process. Furthermore, elaboration of the DCzp core is possible with the introduction of pendant carbazole derivative groups. This provides a way to tune the optoelectronic properties of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) compounds DCzpTRZtBu, dtBuCzDCzpTRZtBu, and dMeOCzDCzpTRZtBu. Solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were fabricated and achieved a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 8.2% and an EQE of 7.9% at 100 cd/m2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Diesing
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom.,Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Ettore Crovini
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Kumar Gupta
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom.,Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Eduard Spuling
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Xuemin Gan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Nano-Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zahid Hassan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang X, Hu J, Lv J, Yang Q, Tian H, Shao S, Wang L, Jing X, Wang F. π‐Stacked Donor–Acceptor Dendrimers for Highly Efficient White Electroluminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Jianhong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Shiyang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Xiabin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Fosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang X, Hu J, Lv J, Yang Q, Tian H, Shao S, Wang L, Jing X, Wang F. π-Stacked Donor-Acceptor Dendrimers for Highly Efficient White Electroluminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16585-16593. [PMID: 33942454 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
π-Stacked dendrimers consisting of cofacially aligned donors and acceptors are developed by introducing three dendritic teracridan donors with orthogonal configuration and three triazine acceptors in periphery of hexaphenylbenzene skeleton. The dendritic structure and orthogonal configuration of teracridan not only make their outer acridan segments approaching to acceptor in close distance, but also fix donor and acceptor in face-to-face alignment, leading to through-space charge transfer emission with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) effect. By regulating charge transfer strength via substituent effect of acceptor, emission color of the dendrimers can be tuned from blue to yellow/red region. Solution-processed two-color white organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on blue and yellow π-stacked donor-acceptor dendrimers exhibit the maximum external quantum efficiency of 20.6 % and maximum power efficiency of 58.9 lm W-1 , representing the state-of-the-art efficiency for all-TADF white OLEDs by solution process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jianhong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shiyang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiabin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Fosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Versatile Direct Cyclization Constructs Spiro‐acridan Derivatives for Highly Efficient TADF emitters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
43
|
Liu H, Liu Z, Li G, Huang H, Zhou C, Wang Z, Yang C. Versatile Direct Cyclization Constructs Spiro‐acridan Derivatives for Highly Efficient TADF emitters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12376-12380. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Ganggang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission Guangzhou International Campus South China University of Technology (SCUT) Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Huaina Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Changjiang Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission Guangzhou International Campus South China University of Technology (SCUT) Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ye JT, Qiu YQ. The inspiration and challenge for through-space charge transfer architecture: from thermally activated delayed fluorescence to non-linear optical properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:15881-15898. [PMID: 34296718 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02565a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic molecules consisting of electron donor (D) and electron acceptor (A) subunits linked by π-conjugated bridges are promising building blocks for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and non-linear optics (NLO) materials due to their intramolecular charge transfer (CT) processes in response to external stimuli. According to the electron interaction pattern, the CT process in D-π-A architectures can be divided into two categories, through-bond/-space charge transfer (TB/TSCT). To date, research into the TADF properties of TSCT characteristic molecules has since seen significant growth. In fact, TSCT characteristic materials show great advantages in such NLO responses. In this perspective, we first briefly introduced the basic principles of NLO and TADF effects. Successively, we discuss the influence of TBCT and TSCT patterns on NLO and TADF properties, especially for TSCT characteristic. In the final part, we address the diversity and potential advantages of TSCT characteristic molecules as high-performance NLO materials. With these, it is expected that the greater structural flexibility of spatial conjugation can bring more functionality to NLO materials in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ting Ye
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|