1
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Wu X, Li S, Chen L, Ma S, Ma B, Song L, Qian D. Stereoselective Construction of Multifunctional C-Glycosides Enabled by Nickel-Catalyzed Tandem Borylation/Glycosylation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22413-22423. [PMID: 39096292 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Stereochemically pure saccharides have indispensable roles in fields ranging from medicinal chemistry to materials science and organic synthesis. However, the development of a simple, stereoselective, and efficient glycosylation protocol to access α- and β-C-glycosides (particularly 2-deoxy entities) remains a persistent challenge. Existing studies have primarily focused on C1 modification of carbohydrates and transformation of glycosyl radical precursors. Here, we innovate by harnessing the in situ generated glycosyl-Ni species to achieve one-pot borylation and glycosylation in a cascade manner, which is enabled by an earth-abundant nickel-catalyzed carboboration of readily accessible glycals without any ligand. This work reveals the potential for the development of a modular and multifunctional glycosylation platform to facilitate the simultaneous introduction of C-C and C-B bonds at the stereogenic center of saccharides, a largely unexploited research area. Preliminary experimental and computational studies indicate that the endocyclic O and the C3 group play important roles in stereoseclectively forging glycosidic bonds. As a result, a diverse range of C-R (R = alkyl, aryl, and alkenyl) and 2-deoxygenated glycosides bearing modifiable boron groups could be rapidly made with excellent stereocontrol and exhibit remarkable functional group tolerance. The synthetic potential is underscored in the late-stage glycosylation of natural products and commercial drugs as well as the facile preparation of various rare sugars, bioactive conjugates, and key intermediates to prorocentin, phomonol, and aspergillide A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shijia Li
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Liqin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Siwei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Deyun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Natural Products; School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
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2
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Shi WY, Ma JJ, Li HY, Chen D, Liu XY, Liang YM. Synthesis of C-Alkyl Glycosides from Alkyl Bromides and Glycosyl Carboxylic Acids via Ni/Photoredox Dual Catalysis. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39106492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
C-Alkyl glycosides, an important class of C-glycosides, are widely found in various drugs and natural products. The synthesis of C-alkyl glycosides has attracted considerable attention. Herein, we developed a Ni/photoredox catalyzed decarboxylative C(sp3)-C(sp3) coupling reaction of stable glycosylcarboxylic acids with simple aliphatic bromides to generate C-alkyl glycosides. The method successfully linked several functional molecular fragments (natural products or drugs) to a sugar moiety, showing the extensive application prospects of this transformation. Controlled experiments and DFT calculations demonstrated that the reaction pathway contains a free radical process, and a possible mechanism is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hu-Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Dongping Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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3
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Wu J, Purushothaman R, Kallert F, Homölle SL, Ackermann L. Electrochemical Glycosylation via Halogen-Atom-Transfer for C-Glycoside Assembly. ACS Catal 2024; 14:11532-11544. [PMID: 39114086 PMCID: PMC11301629 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Glycosyl donor activation emerged as an enabling technology for anomeric functionalization, but aimed primarily at O-glycosylation. In contrast, we herein disclose mechanistically distinct electrochemical glycosyl bromide donor activations via halogen-atom transfer and anomeric C-glycosylation. The anomeric radical addition to alkenes led to C-alkyl glycoside synthesis under precious metal-free reaction conditions from readily available glycosyl bromides. The robustness of our e-XAT strategy was further mirrored by C-aryl and C-acyl glycosides assembly through nickela-electrocatalysis. Our approach provides an orthogonal strategy for glycosyl donor activation with expedient scope, hence representing a general method for direct C-glycosides assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Felix Kallert
- Wöhler-Research Institute
for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Tammannstraße
2, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Simon L. Homölle
- Wöhler-Research Institute
for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Tammannstraße
2, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Wöhler-Research Institute
for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Tammannstraße
2, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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4
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Lyu MY, Jacobo SA, Brown MK. Diverse Synthesis of C-Glycosides by Stereoselective Ni-Catalyzed Carboboration of Glycals. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18866-18872. [PMID: 38967118 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
C-Glycosides are important structures that are common to natural products and pharmaceutical agents. Established methods for their synthesis involve the reaction of an activated anomeric carbon. In this study, we report a conceptually new approach that involves the stereoselective Ni-catalyzed carboboration of glycals. In these reactions, not only is a C-C bond formed at the anomeric carbon, but a synthetically useful C-B bond is also installed. Upon C-B oxidation, differentially protected C-glycosides to be formed. In addition, stereospecific manipulation of the C-B bond leads to diverse C-glycosides. Finally, we report the application of this method in the synthesis of established C-glycosides, such as C-glycosyl amino acids, as well as a strategy to make all possible diastereomers at C1 and C2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Yun Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Samuel A Jacobo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - M Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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5
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Jiang Y, Wei Y, Zhou QY, Sun GQ, Fu XP, Levin N, Zhang Y, Liu WQ, Song N, Mohammed S, Davis BG, Koh MJ. Direct radical functionalization of native sugars. Nature 2024; 631:319-327. [PMID: 38898275 PMCID: PMC11236704 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Naturally occurring (native) sugars and carbohydrates contain numerous hydroxyl groups of similar reactivity1,2. Chemists, therefore, rely typically on laborious, multi-step protecting-group strategies3 to convert these renewable feedstocks into reagents (glycosyl donors) to make glycans. The direct transformation of native sugars to complex saccharides remains a notable challenge. Here we describe a photoinduced approach to achieve site- and stereoselective chemical glycosylation from widely available native sugar building blocks, which through homolytic (one-electron) chemistry bypasses unnecessary hydroxyl group masking and manipulation. This process is reminiscent of nature in its regiocontrolled generation of a transient glycosyl donor, followed by radical-based cross-coupling with electrophiles on activation with light. Through selective anomeric functionalization of mono- and oligosaccharides, this protecting-group-free 'cap and glycosylate' approach offers straightforward access to a wide array of metabolically robust glycosyl compounds. Owing to its biocompatibility, the method was extended to the direct post-translational glycosylation of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qian-Yi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guo-Quan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xia-Ping Fu
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nikita Levin
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yijun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - NingXi Song
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shabaz Mohammed
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin G Davis
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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6
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Miao HJ, Zhang JH, Li W, Yang W, Xin H, Gao P, Duan XH, Guo LN. Aromatization-driven deconstructive functionalization of spiro dihydroquinazolinones via dual photoredox/nickel catalysis. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8993-8999. [PMID: 38873081 PMCID: PMC11168144 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01111b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Aromatization-driven deconstruction and functionalization of spiro dihydroquinazolinones via dual photoredox/nickel catalysis is developed. The aromatization effect was introduced to synergistically drive unstrained cyclic C-C bond cleavage, with the aim of overcoming the ring-size limitation of nitrogen-centered radical induced deconstruction of carbocycles. Herein, we demonstrate the synergistic photoredox/nickel catalyzed deconstructive cross-coupling of spiro dihydroquinazolinones with organic halides. Remarkably, structurally diverse organic halides including aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and alkyl bromides were compatible for the coupling. In addition, this protocol is also characterized by its mild and redox-neutral conditions, excellent functional group compatibility, high atom economy, and easy scalability. A telescoped procedure involving condensation and ring-opening/coupling was found to be accessible. This work provides a complementary strategy to the existing radical-mediated C-C bond cleavage of unstrained carbocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Miao
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Jin-Hua Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Wenke Li
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Wenpeng Yang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Hong Xin
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Pin Gao
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Xin-Hua Duan
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Li-Na Guo
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
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7
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Gan Y, Zhou JF, Li X, Liu JR, Liu FJ, Hong X, Ye B. Zirconaaziridine-Mediated Ni-Catalyzed Diastereoselective C(sp 2)-Glycosylation. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38859580 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of organic synthesis, the catalytic and stereoselective formation of C-glycosidic bonds is a pivotal process, bridging carbohydrates with aglycones. However, the inherent chirality of the saccharide scaffold often has a substantial impact on the stereoinduction imposed by a chiral ligand. In this study, we have established an unprecedented zirconaaziridine-mediated asymmetric nickel catalysis, enabling the diastereoselective coupling of bench-stable glycosyl phosphates with a range of (hetero)aromatic and glycal iodides as feasible coupling electrophiles. Our developed method showcases a broad scope and a high tolerance for various functional groups. More importantly, precise stereocontrol toward both anomeric configurations of forming C(sp2)-glycosides can be realized by simply utilizing the popular chiral bioxazoline (biOx) ligands in this reductive Ni catalysis. Regarding the operating mechanism, both experimental and computational studies support the occurrence of a redox transmetalation process, leading to the formation of a transient, bimetallic Ni-Zr species that acts as a potent and efficient single-electron reductant in the catalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jun-Feng Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ji-Ren Liu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fang-Jie Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street, No. 2, Beijing 100190, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Baihua Ye
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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8
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Cusumano AQ, Chaffin BC, Doyle AG. Mechanism of Ni-Catalyzed Photochemical Halogen Atom-Mediated C(sp 3)-H Arylation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15331-15344. [PMID: 38778454 PMCID: PMC11246173 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Within the context of Ni photoredox catalysis, halogen atom photoelimination from Ni has emerged as a fruitful strategy for enabling hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)-mediated C(sp3)-H functionalization. Despite the numerous synthetic transformations invoking this paradigm, a unified mechanistic hypothesis that is consistent with experimental findings on the catalytic systems and accounts for halogen radical formation and facile C(sp2)-C(sp3) bond formation remains elusive. We employ kinetic analysis, organometallic synthesis, and computational investigations to decipher the mechanism of a prototypical Ni-catalyzed photochemical C(sp3)-H arylation reaction. Our findings revise the previous mechanistic proposals, first by examining the relevance of SET and EnT processes from Ni intermediates relevant to the HAT-based arylation reaction. Our investigation highlights the ability for blue light to promote efficient Ni-C(sp2) bond homolysis from cationic NiIII and C(sp2)-C(sp3) reductive elimination from bipyridine NiII complexes. However interesting, the rates and selectivities of these processes do not account for the productive catalytic pathway. Instead, our studies support a mechanism that involves halogen atom evolution from in situ generated NiII dihalide intermediates, radical capture by a NiII(aryl)(halide) resting state, and key C-C bond formation from NiIII. Oxidative addition to NiI, as opposed to Ni0, and rapid NiIII/NiI comproportionation play key roles in this process. The findings presented herein offer fundamental insight into the reactivity of Ni in the broader context of catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Q Cusumano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Braden C Chaffin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Abigail G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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9
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Ding W, Chen X, Sun Z, Luo J, Wang S, Lu Q, Ma J, Zhao C, Chen FE, Xu C. A Radical Activation Strategy for Versatile and Stereoselective N-Glycosylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202409004. [PMID: 38837495 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Previous N-glycosylation approaches have predominately involved acidic conditions, facing challenges of low stereoselectivity and limited scope. Herein, we introduce a radical activation strategy that enables versatile and stereoselective N-glycosylation using readily accessible glycosyl sulfinate donors under basic conditions and exhibits exceptional tolerance towards various N-aglycones containing alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and nucleobase functionalities. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate a pivotal role of iodide, which orchestrates the formation of a glycosyl radical from the glycosyl sulfinate and subsequent generation of the key intermediate, a configurationally well-defined glycosyl iodide, which is subsequently attacked by an N-aglycone in a stereospecific SN2 manner to give the desired N-glycosides. An alternative route involving the coupling of a glycosyl radical and a nitrogen-centered radical is also proposed, affording the exclusive 1,2-trans product. This novel approach promises to broaden the synthetic landscape of N-glycosides, offering a powerful tool for the construction of complex glycosidic structures under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Ding
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, 362801, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Zuyao Sun
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jiaxin Luo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Qingqing Lu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jialu Ma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Chongxin Zhao
- Jiangsu Jiyi New Material CO., LTD, Xuzhou, 221700, China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chunfa Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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10
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Liu D, Zhang Y, Niu D. Preparing glycosyl benzothiazoles from 2-isocyanoaryl thioethers and glycosyl radicals under thermal conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5498-5501. [PMID: 38696183 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00648h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a method for preparing glycosyl benzothiazoles via radical cascade cyclization, in which glycosyl radicals are generated from readily available and bench-stable allyl glycosyl sulfones. This cascade reaction proceeds under simple conditions and tolerates a broad substrate scope in high yield with excellent stereoselectivity. Mechanistic studies support that the reactions proceed via the intermediacy of imidoyl radicals, which attack the appended sulfide unit by a SH2 process to forge the thiazole ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqi Liu
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Dawen Niu
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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11
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Sharma MK, Tiwari B, Hussain N. Pd-catalyzed stereoselective synthesis of chromone C-glycosides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4838-4841. [PMID: 38619439 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00486h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present an efficient Pd-catalysed method for stereoselective synthesis of chromone C-glycosides from various glycals. We successfully applied this method to various glycals with different protecting groups, yielding the corresponding glycosides in 41-78% yields. Additionally, we investigated the potential of this approach for the late-stage modification of natural products and pharmaceutical compounds linked to glycals, leading to the synthesis of their respective glycosides. Furthermore, we extended our research to gram-scale synthesis and demonstrated its applicability in producing various valuable products, including 2-deoxy-chromone C-glycosides. In summary, our work introduces a novel library of chromone glycosides, which holds promise for advancing drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Bindu Tiwari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Nazar Hussain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
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12
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Liu DP, Zhang XS, Liu S, Hu XG. Dehydroxylative radical N-glycosylation of heterocycles with 1-hydroxycarbohydrates enabled by copper metallaphotoredox catalysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3401. [PMID: 38649350 PMCID: PMC11035684 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
N-Glycosylated heterocycles play important roles in biological systems and drug development. The synthesis of these compounds heavily relies on ionic N-glycosylation, which is usually constrained by factors such as labile glycosyl donors, precious metal catalysts, and stringent conditions. Herein, we report a dehydroxylative radical method for synthesizing N-glycosides by leveraging copper metallaphotoredox catalysis, in which stable and readily available 1-hydroxy carbohydrates are activated for direct N-glycosylation. Our method employs inexpensive photo- and copper- catalysts and can tolerate some extent of water. The reaction exhibits a broad substrate scope, encompassing 76 examples, and demonstrates high stereoselectivity, favoring 1,2-trans selectivity for furanoses and α-selectivity for pyranoses. It also exhibits high site-selectivity for substrates containing multiple N-atoms. The synthetic utility is showcased through the late-stage functionalization of bioactive compounds and pharmaceuticals like Olaparib, Axitinib, and Metaxalone. Mechanistic studies prove the presence of glycosyl radicals and the importance of copper metallaphotoredox catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Peng Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xiao-Sen Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xiang-Guo Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
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13
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Wei X, Zeng M, Li Y, Wang D, Wang J, Liu H. Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Heck Coupling: Direct Stereoselective Synthesis of C-Aryl Glycosides from Nonactivated Glycals and Thianthrenium Salts. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38498594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Here, we report an efficient Pd(II)-catalyzed Heck coupling reaction utilizing modular and readily available thianthrenium salts. The tunability and ease of thianthrenium salts facilitated the integration of glycals with drugs, natural products, and peptides. This method allows the incorporation of diverse glycals into structurally varied aglycon components without directing groups or prefunctionalization and provides a practical method for synthesizing C-aryl glycosides, offering a new avenue for the production of complex glycosides with potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wei
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingjie Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Yazhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dechuan Wang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
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14
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Sun J, Endo H, Emmanuel MA, Oderinde MS, Kawamata Y, Baran PS. Simplified Modular Access to Enantiopure 1,2-Aminoalcohols via Ni-Electrocatalytic Decarboxylative Arylation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6209-6216. [PMID: 38387466 PMCID: PMC10962872 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Chiral aminoalcohols are omnipresent in bioactive compounds. Conventional strategies to access this motif involve multiple-step reactions to install the requisite functionalities stereoselectively using conventional polar bond analysis. This study reveals that a simple chiral oxazolidine-based carboxylic acid can be readily transformed to substituted chiral aminoalcohols with high stereochemical control by Ni-electrocatalytic decarboxylative arylation. This general, robust, and scalable coupling can be used to synthesize a variety of medicinally important compounds, avoiding protecting and functional group manipulations, thereby dramatically simplifying their preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Hirofumi Endo
- Department
of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Megan A. Emmanuel
- Chemical
Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Martins S. Oderinde
- Small
Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb
Research & Early Development, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Yu Kawamata
- Department
of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department
of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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15
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Gulzar T, Liu YH, Xia YN, Liu W, Liu P, Zhu D, Xu P, Yu B. Synthesis of C-Oligosaccharides via Ni-Catalyzed Reductive Hydroglycosylation. Org Lett 2024; 26:1718-1722. [PMID: 38380896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
C-Oligosaccharides are metabolically stable surrogates of native glycans containing O/N/S-glycosidic linkages and thus have therapeutic potential. Here we report a straightforward approach to the synthesis of vinyl C-linked oligosaccharides via the Ni-catalyzed reductive hydroglycosylation of alkynyl glycosides with glycosyl bromides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyab Gulzar
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Nong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pengchao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dapeng Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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16
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Ye XY, Wang G, Jin Z, Yu B, Zhang J, Ren S, Chi YR. Direct Formation of Amide-Linked C-Glycosyl Amino Acids and Peptides via Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5502-5510. [PMID: 38359445 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Glycoproteins account for numerous biological processes including those associated with diseases and infections. The advancement of glycopeptides has emerged as a promising strategy for unraveling biological pathways and discovering novel medicines. In this arena, a key challenge arises from the absence of efficient synthetic strategies to access glycopeptides and glycoproteins. Here, we present a highly concise approach to bridging saccharides with amino acids and peptides through an amide linkage. Our amide-linked C-glycosyl amino acids and peptides are synthesized through cooperative Ni-catalyzed and photoredox processes. The catalytic process generates a glycosyl radical and an amide carbonyl radical, which subsequently combine to yield the C-glycosyl products. The saccharide reaction partners encompass mono-, di-, and trisaccharides. All 20 natural amino acids, peptides, and their derivatives can efficiently undergo glycosylations with yields ranging from acceptable to high, demonstrating excellent stereoselectivities. As a substantial expansion of applications, we have shown that simple C-glycosyl amino acids can function as versatile building units for constructing C-glycopeptides with intricate spatial complexities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Ye
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Guanjie Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhichao Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Bin Yu
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Shichao Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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17
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Majhi J, Matsuo B, Oh H, Kim S, Sharique M, Molander GA. Photochemical Deoxygenative Hydroalkylation of Unactivated Alkenes Promoted by a Nucleophilic Organocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317190. [PMID: 38109703 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The direct utilization of simple and abundant feedstocks in carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions to embellish sp3 -enriched chemical space is highly desirable. Herein, we report a novel photochemical deoxygenative hydroalkylation of unactivated alkenes with readily available carboxylic acid derivatives. The reaction displays broad functional group tolerance, accommodating carboxylic acid-, alcohol-, ester-, ketone-, amide-, silane-, and boronic ester groups, as well as nitrile-containing substrates. The reaction is operationally simple, mild, and water-tolerant, and can be carried out on multigram-scale, which highlights the utility of the method to prepare value-added compounds in a practical and scalable manner. The synthetic application of the developed method is further exemplified through the synthesis of suberanilic acid, a precursor of vorinostat, a drug used for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. A novel mechanistic approach was identified using thiol as a nucleophilic catalyst, which forms a key intermediate for this transformation. Furthermore, electrochemical studies, quantum yield, and mechanistic experiments were conducted to support a proposed catalytic cycle for the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadab Majhi
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, 19104-6323, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bianca Matsuo
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, 19104-6323, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hyunjung Oh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, 19104-6323, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Saegun Kim
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, 19104-6323, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohammed Sharique
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, 19104-6323, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, 19104-6323, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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18
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Gorelik DJ, Desai SP, Jdanova S, Turner JA, Taylor MS. Transformations of carbohydrate derivatives enabled by photocatalysis and visible light photochemistry. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1204-1236. [PMID: 38274059 PMCID: PMC10806712 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05400d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article highlights the diverse ways in which recent developments in the areas of photocatalysis and visible light photochemistry are impacting synthetic carbohydrate chemistry. The major topics covered are photocatalytic glycosylations, generation of radicals at the anomeric position, transformations involving radical formation at non-anomeric positions, additions to glycals, processes initiated by photocatalytic hydrogen atom transfer from sugars, and functional group interconversions at OH and SH groups. Factors influencing stereo- and site-selectivity in these processes, along with mechanistic aspects, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Gorelik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Shrey P Desai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Sofia Jdanova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Julia A Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Mark S Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
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19
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Hu LY, Zhang SY, Zhu L, Li Y, Luo K, Wu L. "Boomerang" Strategy in Carbohydrate Chemistry: Diastereoselective Synthesis of C-Glycosylated Benzothiazoles from ortho-Isocyanophenyl Thioglycosides. Org Lett 2024; 26:215-220. [PMID: 38117978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper reveals a novel "boomerang" strategy in the expedient and diastereoselective synthesis of C-nucleoside analogues. Bench-stable ortho-isocyanophenyl thioglycosides can be converted to glycosyl radicals through rapid and efficient C-S bond homolysis when they are irradiated by visible light. The glycosyl radicals are subsequently trapped by the corresponding leaving group or other radical acceptors to provide diverse C-nucleoside analogues under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yan Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Shen-Yuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Kai Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
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20
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Wang G, Ho CC, Zhou Z, Hao YJ, Lv J, Jin J, Jin Z, Chi YR. Site-Selective C-O Bond Editing of Unprotected Saccharides. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:824-832. [PMID: 38123470 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Glucose and its polyhydroxy saccharide analogs are complex molecules that serve as essential structural components in biomacromolecules, natural products, medicines, and agrochemicals. Within the expansive realm of saccharides, a significant area of research revolves around chemically transforming naturally abundant saccharide units to intricate or uncommon molecules such as oligosaccharides or rare sugars. However, partly due to the presence of multiple hydroxyl groups with similar reactivities and the structural complexities arising from stereochemistry, the transformation of unprotected sugars to the desired target molecules remains challenging. One such formidable challenge lies in the efficient and selective activation and modification of the C-O bonds in saccharides. In this study, we disclose a modular 2-fold "tagging-editing" strategy that allows for direct and selective editing of C-O bonds of saccharides, enabling rapid preparation of valuable molecules such as rare sugars and drug derivatives. The first step, referred to as "tagging", involves catalytic site-selective installation of a photoredox active carboxylic ester group to a specific hydroxyl unit of an unprotected sugar. The second step, namely, "editing", features a C-O bond cleavage to form a carbon radical intermediate that undergoes further transformations such as C-H and C-C bond formations. Our strategy constitutes the most effective and shortest route in direct transformation and modification of medicines and other molecules bearing unprotected sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjie Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Chang Chin Ho
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhixu Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yong-Jia Hao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jie Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jiamiao Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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21
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Choutka J, Parkan K, Pohl R, Kaminský J. On the origin of the electronic and magnetic circular dichroism of naphthyl C-glycosides: Anomeric configuration. Carbohydr Res 2024; 535:109021. [PMID: 38171193 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.109021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Aryl C-glycosides, in which the glycosidic bond is changed to a carbon-carbon bond, are an important family of biologically-active compounds. They often serve as secondary metabolites or exhibit antibiotic and cytostatic activities. Their stability to hydrolysis has made them attractive targets for new drugs. Their conformational behavior often strongly influences the resulting function. Their detailed structural and conformational description is thus highly desirable. This work studies the structure of three different naphthyl C-glycosides using UV-vis absorption as well as electronic and magnetic circular dichroism. It also describes their conformational preferences using a combination of molecular dynamics and DFT calculations. The reliability of these preferences has been verified by simulations of spectral properties and a comparison with their measured spectra. In particular, ECD spectroscopy has been shown to distinguish easily between α- and β-pseudoanomers of aryl C-glycosides. Computer simulations and spectral decomposition have revealed how the resulting ECD patterns of the naphthyl glycosides studied are influenced by different conformer populations. In conclusion, reliable ECD patterns cannot be calculated by separating the naphthyl rotation from other conformational motions. MCD patterns have been similar for all the naphthyl C-glycosides studied. No clear diagnostic features have been found for either the pseudoanomeric configuration or the preferred hydroxymethyl rotamer. Nevertheless, the work has demonstrated the potential of MCD for the study of aryl glycosides interacting with proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Choutka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Parkan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Kaminský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
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22
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Dawson G, Spielvogel EH, Diao T. Nickel-Catalyzed Radical Mechanisms: Informing Cross-Coupling for Synthesizing Non-Canonical Biomolecules. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3640-3653. [PMID: 38033206 PMCID: PMC10734253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Nickel excels at facilitating selective radical chemistry, playing a pivotal role in metalloenzyme catalysis and modern cross-coupling reactions. Radicals, being nonpolar and neutral, exhibit orthogonal reactivity to nucleophilic and basic functional groups commonly present in biomolecules. Harnessing this compatibility, we delve into the application of nickel-catalyzed radical pathways in the synthesis of noncanonical peptides and carbohydrates, critical for chemical biology studies and drug discovery.We previously characterized a sequential reduction mechanism that accounts for chemoselectivity in cross-electrophile coupling reactions. This catalytic cycle begins with nickel(I)-mediated radical generation from alkyl halides, followed by carbon radical capture by nickel(II) complexes, and concludes with reductive elimination. These steps resonate with mechanistic proposals in nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling, photoredox, and electrocatalytic reactions. Herein, we present our insights into each step involving radicals, including initiation, propagation, termination, and the nuances of kinetics, origins of selectivity, and ligand effects.Radical generation from C(sp3) electrophiles via one-electron oxidative addition with low-valent nickel radical intermediates provides the basis for stereoconvergent and cross-electrophile couplings. Our electroanalytical studies elucidate a concerted halogen atom abstraction mechanism, where electron transfer is coupled with halide dissociation. Using this pathway, we have developed a nickel-catalyzed stereoselective radical addition to dehydroalanine, facilitating the synthesis of noncanonical peptides. In this application, chiral ligands modulate the stereochemical outcome through the asymmetric protonation of a nickel-enolate intermediate.The capture of the alkyl radical by nickel(II) expands the scope of cross-coupling, promotes reductive elimination through the formation of high-valent nickel(III) species, and governs chemo- and stereoselectivity. We discovered that nickel(II)-aryl efficiently traps radicals with a barrier ranging from 7 to 9 kcal/mol, followed by fast reductive elimination. In contrast, nickel(II)-alkyl captures radicals to form a nickel(III) species, which was characterized by EPR spectroscopy. However, the subsequent slow reductive elimination resulted in minimal product formation. The observed high diastereoselectivity of radical capture inspired investigations into C-aryl and C-acyl glycosylation reactions. We developed a redox auxiliary that readily couples with natural carbohydrates and produces glycosyl radicals upon photoredox activation. Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of the glycosyl radical with bromoarenes and carboxylic acids leads to diverse non-natural glycosides that can facilitate drug discovery.Stoichiometric studies on well-defined d8-nickel complexes have showcased means to promote reductive elimination, including ligand association, oxidation, and oxidative addition.In the final section, we address the influence of auxiliary ligands on the electronic structure and redox activity of organonickel intermediates. Synthesis of a series of low-valent nickel radical complexes and characterization of their electronic structures led us to a postulate that ligand redox activity correlates with coordination geometry. Our data reveal that a change in ligand redox activity can shift the redox potentials of reaction intermediates, potentially altering the mechanism of catalytic reactions. Moreover, coordinating additives and solvents may stabilize nickel radicals during catalysis by adjusting ligand redox activity, which is consistent with known catalytic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory
A. Dawson
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Ethan H. Spielvogel
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Tianning Diao
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
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23
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Xiong Y, Wu X. Deoxygenative coupling of alcohols with aromatic nitriles enabled by direct visible light excitation. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9316-9320. [PMID: 37982141 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01676e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
A general and practical protocol is presented for visible-light-driven deoxygenative coupling of alcohols with aromatic nitriles in the absence of external photocatalysts. Utilizing a hydroxyl activation strategy with carbon disulfide, this C(sp3)-C(sp2) constructing platform accommodates a broad scope of alcohols and aryl nitriles to deliver various alkyl-substituted arenes. Mechanism studies show that a single electron transfer event between a photoexcited aryl nitrile and a xanthate anion is key to the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Xuesong Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
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24
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Le Zhang, He S, Hou J, Ye M, Chen J, Lv G, Huang T, Yang Z, Wu Y. Visible-light-mediated synthesis of non-anomeric S-aryl glycosides via a photoactive electron-donor-acceptor complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13759-13762. [PMID: 37916505 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03474g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-mediated glycosylation reaction between glycosyl redox-active esters and disulfides has been reported, through which a series of S-aryl glycosides were obtained in good yields with satisfactory stereoselectivity. The preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that this transformation proceeded via an EDA complex. Moreover, the potential application value was demonstrated in the late-stage functionalisation of drug molecules and a gram-scale experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shiyun He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinyu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meiling Ye
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guanghui Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Tianle Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongzhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Liu X, Lu M, Guo X, Xu H, Xu J. Visible-Light Enabled Dehydroxylative Alkylation of α-Hydroxy Carboxylic Acid Derivatives via C-O Bond Cleavage. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302041. [PMID: 37507840 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel visible-light photoredox strategy is reported for the efficient dehydroxylative alkylation of a wide array of α-hydroxy carboxylic acid derivatives using diaryl boron radical. The reaction features readily accessible starting materials, broad substrate scope with excellent functionality tolerance. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that the spin-center shift process is responsible for the C-O bond activation, which is promoted by the diaryl boron radical generated from bench-stable and commercially available tetraphenyl borate (NaBPh4 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of, Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Minming Lu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of, Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Xiangli Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of, Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Huajian Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of, Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of, Advance Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
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26
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Dörrenhaus R, Wagner PK, Kath-Schorr S. Two are not enough: synthetic strategies and applications of unnatural base pairs. Biol Chem 2023; 404:883-896. [PMID: 37354104 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid chemistry is a rapidly evolving field, and the need for novel nucleotide modifications and artificial nucleotide building blocks for diagnostic and therapeutic use, material science or for studying cellular processes continues unabated. This review focusses on the development and application of unnatural base pairs as part of an expanded genetic alphabet. Not only recent developments in "nature-like" artificial base pairs are presented, but also current synthetic methods to get access to C-glycosidic nucleotides. Wide-ranging viability in synthesis is a prerequisite for the successful use of unnatural base pairs in a broader spectrum and will be discussed.
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Shang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Dawen Niu
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and Department of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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28
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Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Lee BC, Koh MJ. Diversification of Glycosyl Compounds via Glycosyl Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305138. [PMID: 37278303 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyl radical functionalization is one of the central topics in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry. Recent advances in metal-catalyzed cross-coupling chemistry and metallaphotoredox catalysis provided powerful platforms for glycosyl radical diversification. In particular, the discovery of new glycosyl radical precursors in conjunction with these advanced reaction technologies have significantly expanded the space for glycosyl compound synthesis. In this Review, we highlight the most recent progress in this area starting from 2021, and the reports included will be categorized based on different reaction types for better clarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yijun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Boon Chong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
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29
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Jiao RQ, Ding YN, Li M, Shi WY, Chen X, Zhang Z, Wei WX, Li XS, Gong XP, Luan YY, Liu XY, Liang YM. Visible-Light-Mediated Synthesis of C-Alkyl Glycosides via Glycosyl Radical Addition and Aryl Migration. Org Lett 2023; 25:6099-6104. [PMID: 37578285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced glycoarylation of activated olefins has been accomplished. Glycosyl radicals are generated via radical transfer strategies between (TMS)3SiOH and glycosyl bromides. Subsequent radical translocation and rapid 1,4-aryl migration form β-sugar amide derivatives, and eight types of sugars are compatible with this reaction. Further, the cascade reaction produced a quaternary carbon center with good functional group adaptability and high regioselectivity in mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qiang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wei-Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wan-Xu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue-Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu-Yong Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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30
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Guan W, Chang Y, Lin S. Electrochemically Driven Deoxygenative Borylation of Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:16966-16972. [PMID: 37499221 PMCID: PMC10624253 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a new, unified approach for the transformation of benzylic and allylic alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones into boronic esters under electroreductive conditions. Key to our strategy is the use of readily available pinacolborane, which serves both as an activator and an electrophile by first generating a redox-active trialkylborate species and then delivering the desired deoxygenatively borylated product. This strategy is applicable to a variety of substrates and can be employed for the late-stage functionalization of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Yejin Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
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31
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Chen A, Zhao S, Han Y, Zhou Z, Yang B, Xie LG, Walczak MA, Zhu F. Stereoselective alkyl C-glycosylation of glycosyl esters via anomeric C-O bond homolysis: efficient access to C-glycosyl amino acids and C-glycosyl peptides. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7569-7580. [PMID: 37449071 PMCID: PMC10337754 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01995k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
C-Glycosyl peptides possess excellent metabolic stability and therapeutic properties and thus play critical roles in biological studies as well as drug discoveries. However, the limited accessibility of C-glycosyl amino acids has significantly hindered the broader research of their structural features and mode of action. Herein, for the first time we disclose a novel visible-light-driven radical conjugate addition of 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP)-derived glycosyl esters with dehydroalanine derivatives, generating C-glycosyl amino acids and C-glycosyl peptides in good yields with excellent stereoselectivities. Redox-active glycosyl esters, as readily accessible and bench-stable radical precursors, could be easily converted to glycosyl radicals via anomeric C(sp3)-O bond homolysis under mild conditions. Importantly, the generality and practicality of this transformation were fully demonstrated in >40 examples including 2-dexosugars, oligosaccharides, oligopeptides, and complex drug molecules. Given its mild reaction conditions, robust sugar scope, and high anomeric control and diastereoselectivity, the method presented herein could find widespread utility in the preparation of C(sp3)-linked sugar-based peptidomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anrong Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules (FSCTM), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Shiyin Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules (FSCTM), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yang Han
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules (FSCTM), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Zhenghong Zhou
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules (FSCTM), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules (FSCTM), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Lan-Gui Xie
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 P. R. China
| | - Maciej A Walczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Feng Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules (FSCTM), Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
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32
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Suh SM, Jambu S, Chin MT, Diao T. Selective Cleavage of Lignin Model Compounds via a Reverse Biosynthesis Mechanism. Org Lett 2023; 25:4792-4796. [PMID: 37294132 PMCID: PMC10334464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Selective depolymerization of lignin remains a significant challenge in biomass conversion. The biosynthesis of lignin involves the polymerization of monolignol building blocks through oxidative radical coupling reactions. A strategy for lignin degradation leverages photoredox deoxygenative radical formation to trigger reverse biosynthesis, which cleaves model compounds of the β-O-4 and β-5-β-O-4 linkages to produce monolignols, precursors to flavoring compounds. This mild method preserves important oxygen functionality and serves as a platform for achieving selective lignin depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mi Suh
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Subramanian Jambu
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Mason T. Chin
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Tianning Diao
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
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33
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Wang S, Chen K, Guo F, Zhu W, Liu C, Dong H, Yu JQ, Lei X. C-H Glycosylation of Native Carboxylic Acids: Discovery of Antidiabetic SGLT-2 Inhibitors. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:1129-1139. [PMID: 37396867 PMCID: PMC10311666 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
C-Glycosides are critical motifs embedded in many bioactive natural products. The inert C-glycosides are privileged structures for developing therapeutic agents owing to their high chemical and metabolic stability. Despite the comprehensive strategies and tactics established in the past few decades, highly efficient C-glycoside syntheses via C-C coupling with excellent regio-, chemo-, and stereoselectivity are still needed. Here, we report the efficient Pd-catalyzed glycosylation of C-H bonds promoted by weak coordination with native carboxylic acids without external directing groups to install various glycals to the structurally diverse aglycon parts. Mechanistic evidence points to the participation of a glycal radical donor in the C-H coupling reaction. The method has been applied to a wide range of substrates (over 60 examples), including many marketed drug molecules. Natural product- or drug-like scaffolds with compelling bioactivities have been constructed using a late-stage diversification strategy. Remarkably, a new potent sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor with antidiabetic potential has been discovered, and the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles of drug molecules have been changed using our C-H glycosylation approach. The method developed here provides a powerful tool for efficiently synthesizing C-glycosides to facilitate drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanshan Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua
Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kaiqi Chen
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua
Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fusheng Guo
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua
Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenneng Zhu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua
Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chendi Liu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua
Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haoran Dong
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua
Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute,10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department
of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,
Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua
Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute
for Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
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34
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Parida SP, Das T, Ahemad MA, Pati T, Mohapatra S, Nayak S. Recent advances on synthesis of C-glycosides. Carbohydr Res 2023; 530:108856. [PMID: 37315353 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, C-glycosides have emerged as significant building blocks for many naturally occurring alkaloids and pharmaceutically active drug molecules. Therefore, significant efforts have been devoted to the construction of structurally important C-glycosidic linkages in carbohydrate compounds. Herein, we have summarized the recent developments of diverse synthesis of C-glycoside core between the time period from 2019 to 2022 focusing on different catalytic strategies, such as (i) transition-metal, and (ii) metal-free catalytic approaches. Further, the transition metal catalyzed C-glycosylations have been categorized into four sub classes: (a) metal based C-H activation, (b) cross-coupling reaction, (c) glycosyl radical intermediate-based process, and (d) Others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tapaswini Das
- Department of Chemistry, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, 753003, India
| | | | - Tapaswini Pati
- Department of Chemistry, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, 753003, India
| | | | - Sabita Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, 753003, India.
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35
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Steiniger KA, Lamb MC, Lambert TH. Cross-Coupling of Amines via Photocatalytic Denitrogenation of In Situ Generated Diazenes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11524-11529. [PMID: 37201211 PMCID: PMC10405275 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A method for C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross-coupling of amines is described. Primary amines are converted to 1,2-dialkyldiazenes by treatment with O-nosylhydroxylamines in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. Denitrogenation of the diazenes with an iridium photocatalyst then forges the C-C bond. The substrate scope accommodates a broad latitude of functionality, including heteroaromatics and unprotected alcohols and acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri A Steiniger
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Matthew C Lamb
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Tristan H Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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36
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Wang M, Wang C, Xie X, Pan D, Liu L, Chen Q, Li Z, Zhang Q, Xu Z. Non-classical C-saccharide linkage of dehydroalanine: synthesis of C-glycoamino acids and C-glycopeptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3305-3308. [PMID: 36847114 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06653j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a non-classical C-saccharide linkage is reported via a C5 radical of pentose or C6 radical of hexose addition to Michael acceptors. C(sp3)-S cleaved glycosyl thianthrenium salts are developed as the glycosyl radical agents. The reaction provides an efficient toolkit to synthesize β-glycosyl substituted unnatural amino acids as well as for the late-stage C-saccharide modification of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengran Wang
- Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiuling Xie
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Da Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liangyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhaoqing Xu
- Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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37
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Lin Q, Spielvogel EH, Diao T. Carbon-centered radical capture at nickel(II) complexes: Spectroscopic evidence, rates, and selectivity. Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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38
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Xu S, Zhang W, Li C, Li Y, Zeng H, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Niu D. Generation and Use of Glycosyl Radicals under Acidic Conditions: Glycosyl Sulfinates as Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218303. [PMID: 36760072 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
We herein report a method that enables the generation of glycosyl radicals under highly acidic conditions. Key to the success is the design and use of glycosyl sulfinates as radical precursors, which are bench-stable solids and can be readily prepared from commercial starting materials. This development allows the installation of glycosyl units onto pyridine rings directly by the Minisci reaction. We further demonstrate the utility of this method in the late-stage modification of complex drug molecules, including the anticancer agent camptothecin. Experimental studies provide insight into the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Xu
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Caiyi Li
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanjing Li
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongxin Zeng
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dawen Niu
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
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39
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Wang C, Qi R, Xu Z. Glycosyl Radical-Based Synthesis of C-Glycoamino Acids and C-Glycopeptides. Chemistry 2022; 29:e202203689. [PMID: 36586132 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Radical-based reactions usually exhibit excellent functional-group compatibilities due to their mild initiation conditions. Glycosyl radical involved C-glycosylation modifications are important strategies to achieve highly regio- and chemoselective constructions of C-glycosidic bonds or C-glycoside linkages of peptides and proteins. In this Concept, we cover recent developments in glycosyl radical-based synthesis of unnatural amino acids and late-stage modification of peptides and proteins, and provide a preliminary outlook on the possible development of this direction in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China.,Research Unit of Peptide Science, 2019RU066, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China
| | - Rupeng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China.,Research Unit of Peptide Science, 2019RU066, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China
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40
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Afzal U, Bilal M, Zubair M, Rasool N, Adnan Ali Shah S, Amiruddin Zakaria Z. Stereospecific/stereoselective Nickel catalyzed reductive cross-coupling: An efficient tool for the synthesis of biological active targeted molecules. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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41
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Ghosh T, Nokami T. Recent development of stereoselective C-glycosylation via generation of glycosyl radical. Carbohydr Res 2022; 522:108677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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Cong F, Mega RS, Chen J, Day CS, Martin R. Trifluoromethylation of Carbonyl and Unactivated Olefin Derivatives by C(sp 3 )-C Bond Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 62:e202214633. [PMID: 36416716 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a Cu-mediated trifluoromethylation of carbonyl-type compounds and unactivated olefins enabled by visible-light irradiation via σ C(sp3 )-C bond-functionalization. The reaction is distinguished by its modularity, mild conditions and wide scope-even in the context of late-stage functionalization-thus offering a complementary approach en route to valuable C(sp3 )-CF3 architectures from easily accessible precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cong
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel ⋅ lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Riccardo S Mega
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jinhong Chen
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel ⋅ lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Craig S Day
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel ⋅ lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluïs Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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43
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Synergistic Pd/Cu catalysis enabled cross-coupling of glycosyl stannanes with sulfonium salts to access C-aryl/alkenyl glycals. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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44
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Liu CF. Recent Advances on Natural Aryl- C-glycoside Scaffolds: Structure, Bioactivities, and Synthesis-A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2022; 27:7439. [PMID: 36364266 PMCID: PMC9654268 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl-C-glycosides, of both synthetic and natural origin, are of great significance in medicinal chemistry owing to their unique structures and stability towards enzymatic and chemical hydrolysis as compared to O-glycosides. They are well-known antibiotics and potent enzyme inhibitors and possess a wide range of biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic effects, and so on. Currently, a number of aryl-C-glycoside drugs are on sale for the treatment of diabetes and related complications. This review summarizes the findings on aryl-C-glycoside scaffolds over the past 20 years, concerning new structures (over 200 molecules), their bioactivities-including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antivirus, glycation inhibitory activities and other pharmacological effects-as well as their synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Fu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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45
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Visible Light-Induced Deoxygenation and Allylation/Vinylation of Pyridyl Ethers. Org Lett 2022; 24:7309-7314. [PMID: 36190797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The generation of alkyl radicals by deoxygenation of unactivated ethers under visible light catalysis is a hitherto unmet challenge. Herein, we report a visible light-induced deoxygenation of pyridyl ethers via formation of their pyridinium salts. The generated benzylic radicals further react with allyl/alkenyl sulfones to provide a series of coupling products in good to moderate yields. This process is proposed to undergo a reductive quenching cycle, which was elucidated by chemical, optical, and electrical experiments.
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46
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Shi WY, Li HY, Gou XY, Luan YY, Zheng N, Zhang Z, Niu ZJ, Liu XY, Liang YM. Synthesis of C‐Aryl Glycosides via Ru‐catalyzed remote C‐H Glycosylation of 8‐Aminoquinoline Amides. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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47
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Peng TY, Xu ZY, Zhang FL, Li B, Xu WP, Fu Y, Wang YF. Dehydroxylative Alkylation of α-Hydroxy Carboxylic Acid Derivatives via a Spin-Center Shift. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201329. [PMID: 35388555 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A strategically distinct dehydroxylative alkylation reaction of α-hydroxy carboxylic acid derivatives with alkenes is developed. The reaction starts with the attack of a 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)-boryl radical to the carbonyl oxygen atom, followed by a spin-center shift (SCS) to trigger the C-O bond scission. The resulting α-carbonyl radicals couple with a wide range of alkenes to furnish various alkylated products. This strategy allows for the efficient conversion of a wide array of α-hydroxy amides and esters derived from several biomass molecules and natural products to value-added compounds. Experimental and computational studies verified the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yu Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zhe-Yuan Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Feng-Lian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Bin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Wen-Ping Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yao Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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48
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Li X, Si W, Liu Z, Qian H, Wang T, Leng S, Sun J, Jiao Y, Zhang X. Visible-Light-Promoted Desulfurative Alkylation of Alkyl Thianthrenium Salts with Activated Olefins. Org Lett 2022; 24:4070-4074. [PMID: 35648653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactions involving an alkyl radical generated from a primary alcohol by photochemistry are rare and challenging. Herein, we present a photocatalyst- and metal-free approach that enables the generation of an alkyl radical from the corresponding alcohol and the subsequent C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond formation with activated olefin, via an alkyl thianthrenium salt/Hantzsch ester electron donor-acceptor complex. This protocol for the conversion of a C-OH bond to a C-C bond is highly functionality tolerant and can successfully be used in late-stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Weili Si
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Zhanhui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Haitao Qian
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Tingxue Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Shengnan Leng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jinwei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yan Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
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49
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Cui N, Lin T, Wang YE, Wu J, Han Y, Xu X, Xue F, Xiong D, Walsh PJ, Mao J. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of γ-Metalated Ketones with Unactivated Alkyl Bromides. Org Lett 2022; 24:3987-3992. [PMID: 35639094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling reaction of aryl cyclopropyl ketones with easily accessible unactivated alkyl bromides to access aryl alkyl ketones has been developed. This strategy facilitates access to various of γ-alkyl-substituted ketones via ring opening of cyclopropyl ketones (26 examples, 50-90% yield). Initial mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction proceeds via radical cleavage of the alkyl bromide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cui
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Tingzhi Lin
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.,Institute of Material Physics & Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Yan-En Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yuheng Han
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xinyang Xu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xue
- Institute of Material Physics & Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Jianyou Mao
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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50
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He X, Liu J, Chen G, Xiong B, Xiao X, Chen L, Zhang X, Dong L, Ma X, Lian Z. Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling Reactions between Allylic Acetates and gem-Difluorovinyl Tosylate. Org Lett 2022; 24:3538-3543. [PMID: 35511450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of allylic acetates and gem-difluorovinyl tosylate is presented, which first achieves allylic gem-difluoroolefins via C(sp3)-C(sp2) cross-electrophile coupling. In addition, this protocol was performed under mild reaction conditions, affording a variety of allylic gem-difluorovinyl arenes in moderate to good yields. Moreover, both linear and branched allylic acetate could produce a linear cross-coupling product exclusively. Mechanistic studies reveal that the reaction involves two different Ni(0)/Ni(II) catalytic cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun He
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangjun Liu
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojian Xiong
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Xiao
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Dong
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Lian
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
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