1
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He Q, Zhang Q, Rolka AB, Suero MG. Alkoxy Diazomethylation of Alkenes by Photoredox-Catalyzed Oxidative Radical-Polar Crossover. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12294-12299. [PMID: 38663863 PMCID: PMC11082901 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present the discovery and development of the first photoredox-catalyzed alkoxy diazomethylation of alkenes with hypervalent iodine reagents and alcohols. This multicomponent process represents a new disconnection approach to diazo compounds and is featured by a broad scope, mild reaction conditions, and excellent selectivity. Key to the process was the generation of diazomethyl radicals, which engaged alkenes and alcohols in an inter- and intramolecular fashion by a photoredox-catalyzed oxidative radical-polar crossover leading to unexplored β-alkoxydiazo compounds. The synthetic utility of such diazo compounds was demonstrated with a series of transformations involving C-H, N-H, and O-H insertions as well as in the construction of complex sp3-rich heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan He
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Quan Zhang
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Analítica i Química Orgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Calle Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alessa B. Rolka
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marcos G. Suero
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA,
Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Du Y, Mei H, Makarem A, Javahershenas R, Soloshonok VA, Han J. Copper-catalyzed multicomponent reaction of β-trifluoromethyl β-diazo esters enabling the synthesis of β-trifluoromethyl N, N-diacyl-β-amino esters. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:212-219. [PMID: 38318462 PMCID: PMC10840549 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
An efficient multicomponent reaction of newly designed β-trifluoromethyl β-diazo esters, acetonitrile, and carboxylic acids via an interrupted esterification process under copper-catalyzed conditions has been developed, which affords various unsymmetrical β-trifluoromethyl N,N-diacyl-β-amino esters in good to excellent yields. The reaction features mild conditions, a wide scope of β-amino esters and carboxylic acids, and also applicability to large-scale synthesis, thus providing an efficient way for the synthesis of β-trifluoromethyl β-diacylamino esters. Furthermore, this reaction represents the first example of a Mumm rearrangement of β-trifluoromethyl β-diazo esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlong Du
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Haibo Mei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ata Makarem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ramin Javahershenas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza Bizkaia, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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3
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Zhang C, Wan JP. Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodine Diazo Compounds and Their Application in Organic Synthesis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302718. [PMID: 37846841 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Diazomethyl-substituted iodine(III) compounds with electron-withdrawing groups (EWG) connected to diazo methyl center were a type of donor-acceptor diazo compounds with potential reaction abilities similar to ordinary diazo compounds. Although several diazomethyl-substituted iodine(III) compounds were synthesized and used in the nucleophilic substitution reactions as early as 1994, the synthesis and application of new iodine(III) diazo compounds have only been reported to a certain extent in recent years. In the presence of rhodium catalyst, photocatalyst, or nucleophiles, diazomethyl-substituted iodine(III) compounds can be converted into rhodium-carbenes, diazomethyl radicals, ester radicals or nucleophilic intermediates, which can be used as key intermediates for the formation of chemical bonds. The aim of this review is to give an overview of diazomethyl-substituted iodine(III) compounds in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Zhang
- Department of Safety Supervision and Management, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Safety Technology, 583 Anqing road, Wanzhou district, 404020, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie-Ping Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, 330022, Nanchang, China
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4
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Zhang B, Erb FR, Vasilopoulos A, Voight EA, Alexanian EJ. General Synthesis of N-Alkylindoles from N, N-Dialkylanilines via [4 + 1] Annulative Double C-H Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26540-26544. [PMID: 38029320 PMCID: PMC10789186 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Strategies enabling the construction of indoles and novel polycyclic heterocycles from simple building blocks streamline syntheses in synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Herein, we report a C-H functionalization approach to N-alkylindoles proceeding via a double, site-selective C(sp3)-H/C(sp2)-H [4 + 1] annulation of readily accessed N,N-dialkylanilines. This protocol features a site-selective hydrogen atom transfer by a tuned N-tBu amidyl radical and addition of a sulfonyl diazo coupling partner, which promotes highly site-selective homolytic aromatic substitution of the (hetero)aromatic core. Mild decarboxylation of the annulation product enables the overall introduction of a carbyne equivalent into the N,N-dialkylaniline scaffold. Furthermore, the site-selectivity and mild conditions of the indolization facilitate direct access to N-alkyl indole scaffolds in late-stage functionalization (LSF) settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Frederik R. Erb
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | | | - Eric A. Voight
- AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Erik J. Alexanian
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
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5
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Qian Y, Tang J, Zhou X, Luo J, Yang X, Ke Z, Hu W. Enantioselective Multifunctionalization with Rh Carbynoids. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26403-26411. [PMID: 37993266 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctionalization from the interception of active intermediates is an attractive synthetic strategy for the efficient construction of complex molecular scaffolds in an atom and step economic fashion. However, the design of reactions involving metal carbynoids that exhibit carbene/carbocation behavior is currently limited, and developing catalyst-controlled highly enantioselective versions poses significant challenges. In this study, we present the first asymmetric trifunctionalization reactions with rhodium carbynoids. This reaction unveils the distinctive reactivity of the carbynoid precursor, enabling it to react with simultaneously two nucleophiles and one electrophile. This process involves the formation of two distinct carbene ylides with the alcohol/carbamate and the trapping of one ylide with the imine, resulting in the formation of three new bonds. Furthermore, this strategy allows for the divergent synthesis of a wide array of β-amino esters in high yields and exceptional enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
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6
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Li W, Li S, Empel C, Koenigs RM, Zhou L. Photoredox-Enabled Self-(3+2) Cyclization of Vinyldiazo Reagents: Synthesis of Cyclopentenyl α-Diazo Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309947. [PMID: 37649245 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
A photocatalytic self-(3+2) cycloaddition of vinyldiazo compounds is described, which provides cyclopentene derivatives with conservation of one diazo functional group. Experimental insights and density functional theory indicate that the reaction is triggered by an unusual single electron oxidation of vinyldiazo compounds, while the photolysis for the generation of free carbene species is not involved. The synthetic applications of the resulting cyclopentenyl α-diazo compounds were demonstrated based on the rich chemistry of the diazo functional group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Claire Empel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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7
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Tu HF, Jeandin A, Bon C, Brocklehurst C, Lima F, Suero MG. Late-Stage Aryl C-H Bond Cyclopropenylation with Cyclopropenium Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308379. [PMID: 37459194 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose the first regio-, site- and chemoselective late-stage (hetero)aryl C-H bond cyclopropenylation with cyclopropenium cations (CPCs). The process is fast, operationally simple and shows an excellent functional group tolerance in densely-functionalized drug molecules, natural products, agrochemicals and fluorescent dyes. Moreover, we discovered that the installation of the cyclopropene ring in drug molecules could not only be used to shield against metabolic instability but also as a synthetic tool to reach medicinally-relevant sp3 -rich scaffolds exploiting the highly-strained nature of the cyclopropene ring with known transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Fei Tu
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Aliénor Jeandin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Calle Marcel.lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Corentin Bon
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Research, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cara Brocklehurst
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Research, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Lima
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Research, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcos G Suero
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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8
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Li Z, Yao X, Zhang X, Mei H, Han J. Carboxylic Acid O-H Insertion Reaction of β-Ester Diazos Enabling Synthesis of β-Acyloxy Esters. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15483-15491. [PMID: 36354090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Generation of non-stabilized β-ester diazos and their applications in carboxylic acid O-H insertion reactions have been reported, which afford β-acyloxy esters in excellent yield. Varieties of aryl- and alkyl-substituted diazos are well tolerated in this insertion reaction under mild and convenient conditions. Moreover, structural modification of the natural product and molecular drug can also be achieved in this reaction. This protocol not only realizes the reaction involving unstable β-ester diazos but also provides an efficient strategy for the synthesis of β-acyloxy esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xinyu Yao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Haibo Mei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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9
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Sihag M, Soni R, Rani N, Kinger M, Kumar Aneja D. Recent Synthetic Applications of Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. A Review in Three Installments: Installment II. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2022.2114236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sihag
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Rinku Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Neha Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Mayank Kinger
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Aneja
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
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10
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Copper-catalyzed reaction of alkyl trifluoromethyl diazoalkane for the synthesis of trifluoromethyl allenes. J Fluor Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2022.110050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Tu HF, Jeandin A, Suero MG. Catalytic Synthesis of Cyclopropenium Cations with Rh-Carbynoids. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16737-16743. [PMID: 36074785 PMCID: PMC9501905 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first catalytic one-step synthesis of cyclopropenium cations (CPCs) with readily available alkynes and hypervalent iodine reagents as carbyne sources. Key to the process is the catalytic generation of a novel Rh-carbynoid that formally transfers monovalent cationic carbynes (:+C-R) to alkynes via an oxidative [2+1] cycloaddition. Our process is able to synthesize a new type of CPC substituted with an ester group that underpins the regioselective attack of a broad range of carbon and heteroatomic nucleophiles, thus providing a new platform for the synthesis of valuable cyclopropenes difficult or not possible to make by current methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Fei Tu
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Aliénor Jeandin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Calle Marcel.lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marcos G Suero
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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12
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Ansari MA, Khan S, Ray S, Shukla G, Singh MS. [2 + 3] Annulative Coupling of Tetrahydroisoquinolines with Aryliodonio diazo compounds To Access 1,2,4-Triazolo[3,4- a]isoquinolines. Org Lett 2022; 24:6078-6082. [PMID: 35925810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Base promoted one-pot annulative coupling of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) with hypervalent iodine(III) species aryliodonio diazo compounds has been devised for the direct construction of 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]isoquinoline derivatives at room temperature in open air for the first time. This approach involves [2 + 3] cascade annulation of nucleophilic THIQ with an electrophilic aryliodonio diazo compound via N-H and α-C1(sp3)-H difunctionalization of THIQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monish Arbaz Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Subhasish Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gaurav Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Maya Shankar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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13
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García‐Vázquez V, Carretero Cerdán A, Sanz‐Marco A, Gómez‐Bengoa E, Martín‐Matute B. An Expedient Method for the Umpolung Coupling of Enols with Heteronucleophiles**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201000. [PMID: 35638139 PMCID: PMC9400875 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present an unprecedented and general umpolung protocol that allows the functionalization of silyl enol ethers and of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with a large range of heteroatom nucleophiles, including carboxylic acids, alcohols, primary and secondary amines, azide, thiols, and also anionic carbamates derived from CO2. The scope of the reaction also extends to carbon‐based nucleophiles. The reaction relies on the use of 1‐bromo‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐1λ3[d][1,2]iodaoxole, which provides a key α‐brominated carbonyl intermediate. The reaction mechanism has been studied experimentally and by DFT, and we propose formation of an unusual enolonium intermediate with a halogen‐bonded bromide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alba Carretero Cerdán
- Department of Organic Chemistry Stockholm University Stockholm 10691 Sweden
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Universidad Pais Vasco, UPV/EHU 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Amparo Sanz‐Marco
- Department of Organic Chemistry Stockholm University Stockholm 10691 Sweden
| | - Enrique Gómez‐Bengoa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Universidad Pais Vasco, UPV/EHU 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
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14
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Devi L, Kumar P, Kant R, Rastogi N. Exploiting the umpolung reactivity of diazo groups: direct access to triazolyl-azaarenes from azaarenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7062-7065. [PMID: 35648386 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01897g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The present work documents electrophilic substitution of azaarenes, mainly isoquinolines, with hypervalent iodine diazo reagents (HIDR) followed by formal [3+2]-dipolar cycloaddition in a tandem fashion. Other azaarenes viz. pyridines and phenanthridines too could be successfully used in the reaction. The methodology capitalizes on the umpolung nature of α-aryliodonio diazo compounds for installing a nucleophile, i.e. azaarene, at their α-position. Subsequent ylide formation and intramolecular 1,5-cyclization furnished 4,3-fused 1,2,4-triazolyl-azaarenes in good yields. The reaction is notable for its mild conditions, operational simplicity and fairly general scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Devi
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Biochemistry & Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow 226031, India.
| | - Namrata Rastogi
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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15
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Rani N, Soni R, Sihag M, Kinger M, Aneja DK. Combined Approach of Hypervalent Iodine Reagents and Transition Metals in Organic Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rani
- Department of Chemistry Chaudhary Bansi Lal University Bhiwani-127021 Haryana India
| | - Rinku Soni
- Department of Chemistry Chaudhary Bansi Lal University Bhiwani-127021 Haryana India
| | - Monika Sihag
- Department of Chemistry Chaudhary Bansi Lal University Bhiwani-127021 Haryana India
| | - Mayank Kinger
- Department of Chemistry Chaudhary Bansi Lal University Bhiwani-127021 Haryana India
| | - Deepak K. Aneja
- Department of Chemistry Chaudhary Bansi Lal University Bhiwani-127021 Haryana India
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16
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Yin L, Wang Z, Wu Q, Liu L, Zhang N, Xie Z, Zhu G. Water-Dispersible Porous Aromatic Frameworks with Quasi-Amino Acid Structures via N-H Insertion Reactions. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6197-6205. [PMID: 35349273 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a class of materials with large specific surface area and chemical stability, porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) have attracted much attention in the fields of gas adsorption, separation, and catalysis. However, synthetic methods for PAFs have been limited to a few coupling reactions, and PAF powders were usually obtained with a diameter of micrometer size. Here, we demonstrate an efficient N-H insertion reaction of diazoesters in the synthesis of PAFs with a diameter <200 nm. The established polymerization can be performed at room temperature, and four PAFs with different skeletons and composition can be obtained in high yields. The prepared PAFs have appreciable thermal and chemical stabilities. Because of the presence of ester groups in the backbone, the prepared PAFs with α-phenylglycine fragments can be easily obtained through the successive hydrolysis of the ester groups. The synthesized PAFs bearing phenylglycine moieties exhibit good water dispersibility and low cytotoxicity. We further show the potential of these PAFs in drug loading and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Yin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zikun Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qihang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Guangshan Zhu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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17
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Jiang L, Sarró P, Teo WJ, Llop J, Suero MG. Catalytic alkene skeletal modification for the construction of fluorinated tertiary stereocenters. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4327-4333. [PMID: 35509472 PMCID: PMC9006967 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00968d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we describe the first construction of fluorinated tertiary stereocenters based on an alkene C(sp2)-C(sp2) bond cleavage. The new process, that takes advantage of a Rh-catalyzed carbyne transfer, relies on a branched-selective fluorination of tertiary allyl cations and is distinguished by a wide scope including natural products and drug molecule derivatives as well as adaptability to radiofluorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyin Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology. Av. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Pau Sarró
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology. Av. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica I Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, C. Marcel·lí Domingo, 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Wei Jie Teo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology. Av. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Jordi Llop
- CIC BiomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance 20014 San Sebastián Guipuzcoa Spain
| | - Marcos G Suero
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology. Av. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
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18
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Abstract
Herein, we described an efficient method for the construction of highly functionalized diazirines from the carbohydrazide and diazo-substituted hypervalent iodine reagents. Unambiguous transformation has been designed with user applicable and easy practicable conditions. Remarkably, d-glucose, menthol, aspirin, proline, and lithocholic acid were efficiently diazirinated. Furthermore, the method is mild, robust, and highly selective, which successfully converted a variety of aryl, alkyl, benzyl, and heterocyclic hydrazides into the corresponding diazirine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monish Arbaz Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Ganesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Maya Shankar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
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19
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Mei H, Wang N, Li Z, Han J. Intramolecular Appel Reaction of Trifluoromethylated β-Keto Diazos Enabling Assembly of Trifluoromethylpyrazoles. Org Lett 2022; 24:2258-2263. [PMID: 35297254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A method for the generation of trifluoromethylated β-keto diazos and their applications in intramolecular Appel type reactions are reported. The key success of this reaction is a diazo species as an N-nucleophile in Appel reactions. This reaction is conducted under mild conditions and has a broad substrate scope, affording trifluoromethylpyrazoles in ≤94% yields. This protocol represents a new type of Appel reaction and also a new reaction mode of fluoro diazoalkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Mei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Nana Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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20
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He Y, Huang Z, Wu K, Ma J, Zhou YG, Yu Z. Recent advances in transition-metal-catalyzed carbene insertion to C-H bonds. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2759-2852. [PMID: 35297455 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00895a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
C-H functionalization has been emerging as a powerful method to establish carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Many efforts have been devoted to transition-metal-catalyzed direct transformations of C-H bonds. Metal carbenes generated in situ from transition-metal compounds and diazo or its equivalents are usually applied as the transient reactive intermediates to furnish a catalytic cycle for new C-C and C-X bond formation. Using this strategy compounds from unactivated simple alkanes to complex molecules can be further functionalized or transformed to multi-functionalized compounds. In this area, transition-metal-catalyzed carbene insertion to C-H bonds has been paid continuous attention. Diverse catalyst design strategies, synthetic methods, and potential applications have been developed. This critical review will summarize the advance in transition-metal-catalyzed carbene insertion to C-H bonds dated up to July 2021, by the categories of C-H bonds from aliphatic C(sp3)-H, aryl (aromatic) C(sp2)-H, heteroaryl (heteroaromatic) C(sp2)-H bonds, alkenyl C(sp2)-H, and alkynyl C(sp)-H, as well as asymmetric carbene insertion to C-H bonds, and more coverage will be given to the recent work. Due to the rapid development of the C-H functionalization area, future directions in this topic are also discussed. This review will give the authors an overview of carbene insertion chemistry in C-H functionalization with focus on the catalytic systems and synthetic applications in C-C bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zilong Huang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kaikai Wu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
| | - Juan Ma
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengkun Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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21
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Wen J, Zhao W, Gao X, Ren X, Dong C, Wang C, Liu L, Li J. Synthesis of [1,2,3]Triazolo-[1,5- a]quinoxalin-4(5 H)-ones through Photoredox-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cyclization Reactions with Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4415-4423. [PMID: 35234036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of a variety of [1,2,3]triazolo-[1,5-a]quinoxalin-4(5H)-ones via a [3 + 2] cyclization reaction by photoredox catalysis between quinoxalinones and hypervalent iodine(III) reagents is reported. A range of quinoxalinones and hypervalent iodine(III) reagents were tolerated well. This cyclization reaction allows access to structurally diverse [1,2,3]triazolo-[1,5-a]quinoxalin-4(5H)-ones in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Wenyan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Xu Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Xiaofang Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Chunping Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Cheli Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
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22
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Patel BK, Dahiya A, Sahoo AK, Chakraborty N, Das B. Updates on hypervalent-iodine reagents in metal-free organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2005-2027. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02233d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypervalent iodine (HVI) chemistry is a rapidly growing subdomain of contemporary organic chemistry because of its enormous synthetic applications. The high nucleofugality of the phenyliodonio group (I+Ph) and their radical...
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23
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Zhang Y, Yang Y, Xue Y. Elucidating mechanism and reactivity of reaction between donor-acceptor-acceptor 1,3-bisdiazo compound and cinnamyl alcohol catalyzed by Rh2(OAc)4: a DFT study. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05542a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is important for diazo compound to take part in organic synthesis. More theoretical and experimental studies focus on mono-diazo compound but fewer on bi-diazo compounds. Here, the mechanism and...
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24
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Dherange BD, Kelly PQ, Liles JP, Sigman MS, Levin MD. Carbon Atom Insertion into Pyrroles and Indoles Promoted by Chlorodiazirines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11337-11344. [PMID: 34286965 PMCID: PMC8343525 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Herein, we report a reaction that
selectively generates 3-arylpyridine
and quinoline motifs by inserting aryl carbynyl cation equivalents
into pyrrole and indole cores, respectively. By employing α-chlorodiazirines
as thermal precursors to the corresponding chlorocarbenes, the traditional
haloform-based protocol central to the parent Ciamician-Dennstedt
rearrangement can be modified to directly afford 3-(hetero)arylpyridines
and quinolines. Chlorodiazirines are conveniently prepared in a single
step by oxidation of commercially available amidinium salts. Selectivity
as a function of pyrrole substitution pattern was examined, and a
predictive model based on steric effects is put forward, with DFT
calculations supporting a selectivity-determining cyclopropanation
step. Computations surprisingly indicate that the stereochemistry
of cyclopropanation is of little consequence to the subsequent electrocyclic
ring opening that forges the pyridine core, due to a compensatory
homoaromatic stabilization that counterbalances orbital-controlled
torquoselectivity effects. The utility of this skeletal transform
is further demonstrated through the preparation of quinolinophanes
and the skeletal editing of pharmaceutically relevant pyrroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balu D Dherange
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Patrick Q Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jordan P Liles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew S Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Mark D Levin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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25
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Huang H, Zou X, Cao S, Peng Z, Peng Y, Wang X. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Cyclization of Aldehydes with α-Diazo Iodonium Triflate: Facile Access to 2,5-Disubstituted 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles. Org Lett 2021; 23:4185-4190. [PMID: 33989007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel organocatalytic process for synthesis of complex 1,3,4-oxadiazoles from readily accessible aldehydes. By exploiting the nucleophilicity of the putative Breslow intermediate and the inherent electrophilicity of α-diazo iodonium triflate, we have found that N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst promotes efficient cyclization of various aldehydes and α-diazo iodonium triflates. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions with a wide range of functional group tolerance. The heterocyclic products can be readily further functionalized, rendering the protocol highly valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xianghua Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Si Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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27
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Li J, Lear MJ, Hayashi Y. Direct Cyclopropanation of α-Cyano β-Aryl Alkanes by Light-Mediated Single Electron Transfer Between Donor-Acceptor Pairs. Chemistry 2021; 27:5901-5905. [PMID: 33565170 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclopropanes are traditionally prepared by the formal [2+1] addition of carbene or radical based C1 units to alkenes. In contrast, the one-pot intermolecular cyclopropanation of alkanes by redox active C1 units has remained unrealised. Herein, we achieved this process simply by exposing β-aryl propionitriles and C1 radical precursors (N-oxy esters) to base and blue light. The overall process is redox-neutral and a photocatalyst, whether metal- or organic-based, is not required. Our findings support that single electron transfer (SET) from the α-cyano carbanion of the propionitrile to the N-oxy ester is facilitated by blue-light via their electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex. The α-cyano carbon radical thus formed can then lose a β-proton to form a π-resonance stabilised radical anion that preferentially couples at the benzylic β-position with a decarboxylated C1 radical unit. This new transition metal-free chemistry tolerates both electron rich and electron deficient (hetero)aryl systems, even sulfide or alkene functionality, to afford a range of cis-aryl/cyano cyclopropanes bearing congested tetrasubstituted quaternary carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Martin J Lear
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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