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Šámal M, Sturm L, Banasiewicz M, Deperasinska I, Kozankiewicz B, Morawski O, Nagata Y, Dechambenoit P, Bock H, Rossel A, Buděšínský M, Boudier A, Jančařík A. Carbonyl mediated fluorescence in aceno[ n]helicenones and fluoreno[ n]helicenes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9842-9850. [PMID: 38939154 PMCID: PMC11206200 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00892h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicenes are very attractive chiral non-planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons possessing strong chiroptical properties. However, most of the helicenes absorb light mainly in the ultraviolet region, with only a small segment in the blue part of the visible spectrum. Furthermore, carbo[n]helicenes exhibit only weak luminescence that limits their utilization. Herein, we demonstrate that peripheral decoration of the helicene backbone with an aryl-carbonyl group shifts the absorption to the visible region and simultaneously improves their fluorescence quantum yields. We thus show that the carbonyl group, commonly considered as detrimental to emission, has the capability of improving optical and photophysical properties. Two different families, aceno[n]helicenones and fluoreno[n]helicenes, are presented with comprehensive spectrochemical characterization. TD-DFT calculations were implemented to clarify their electronic profiles. We show that increasing the helical length in aceno[n]helicenes increases absorption onset, g abs and g lum. Extension of the peripheral aromatic part in fluoreno[n]helicenes leads to a blue shift in both absorption and emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Šámal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Ludmilla Sturm
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CRPP UMR 5031 33600 Pessac France
| | - Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Al. Lotników 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Irena Deperasinska
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Al. Lotników 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Boleslaw Kozankiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Al. Lotników 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Olaf Morawski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Al. Lotników 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Yuuya Nagata
- Japan Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
| | - Pierre Dechambenoit
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CRPP UMR 5031 33600 Pessac France
| | - Harald Bock
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CRPP UMR 5031 33600 Pessac France
| | - Amandine Rossel
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CRPP UMR 5031 33600 Pessac France
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Anthony Boudier
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux-INP UMR 5248, Allée St Hilaire 33607 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Andrej Jančařík
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CRPP UMR 5031 33600 Pessac France
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Wang M, Liu C, Liu Q. Protocol for stereodivergent asymmetric hydrogenation of quinoxalines. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102724. [PMID: 37979179 PMCID: PMC10694590 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalines are ubiquitous in natural products and bioactive molecules. Herein, we disclose a protocol for stereodivergent asymmetric hydrogenation of disubstituted quinoxalines for the preparation of both cis- and trans-enantioenriched disubstituted tetrahydroquinoxalines (up to >20:1 d.r. and 99% ee). We describe steps for synthesis of ligands and substrate, setup of hydrogenation of disubstituted quinoxalines, and purification of products. Additionally, we provide detailed diagrams of the hydrogenation installation. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Liu et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Wang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Chenguang Liu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Rasmussen MG, Jespersen MF, Blacque O, Mikkelsen KV, Juríček M, Nielsen MB. Subphthalocyanine-triangulene dyads: Property tuning for light-harvesting device applications. ENERGY SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:1752-1762. [PMID: 35909459 PMCID: PMC9306930 DOI: 10.1002/ese3.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics relies on the development of stable chromophores and redox-active organic molecules with tailor-made HOMO/LUMO energies. Here, we present the synthesis and properties of novel dyads composed of boron subphthalocyanine (SubPc) and triangulene units, connected either at the peripheral position of the subphthalocyanine or at the axial boron. The connectivity has strong implications for the absorption and fluorescence properties of the dyads, as well as their redox properties. While the SubPc unit has a bowl shape, triangulene is a planar structural unit that allows dyads to dimerize in the solid state on account of π-stacking interactions as shown by X-ray crystallography of one of the dyads. The electronic properties were also studied computationally by density functional theory methods. Excellent agreement between experimental and computed data were obtained, showing that our computational method is a strong tool in the rational design of optimum molecules to ultimately obtain finely tuned molecules for device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Michal Juríček
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Valenta L, Mayländer M, Kappeler P, Blacque O, Šolomek T, Richert S, Juríček M. Trimesityltriangulene: a persistent derivative of Clar's hydrocarbon. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3019-3022. [PMID: 35156113 PMCID: PMC8886921 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00352j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Triangulene, known as Clar's hydrocarbon, is a prototypical non-Kekulé diradical comprised of six benzenoid rings fused in a triangular shape. We synthesized and characterized its trimesityl derivative, illustrating that three bulky substituents installed in the centers of the zigzag edges suffice to protect all reactive positions. This work brings prospects to use triangulene and its open-shell analogs in spintronic materials via solution-phase synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leoš Valenta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Maximilian Mayländer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Pia Kappeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Tomáš Šolomek
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
- Prievidza Chemical Society, M. Hodžu 10/16, 97101 Prievidza, Slovak Republic
| | - Sabine Richert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Prievidza Chemical Society, M. Hodžu 10/16, 97101 Prievidza, Slovak Republic
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Guo Y, Ding S, Zhang N, Xu Z, Wu S, Hu J, Xiang Q, Li ZY, Chen X, Sato S, Wu J, Sun Z. π-Extended Doublet Open-Shell Graphene Fragments Exhibiting One-Dimensional Chain Stacking. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2095-2100. [PMID: 35099946 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hitherto elusive benzo[c]anthanthrenyl radical derivatives composed of seven fused six-membered rings are synthesized and isolated in the crystalline form, representing a laterally π-extended doublet open-shell graphene fragment compared to the phenalenyl and olympicenyl radical structures. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed one-dimensional chain stacking with relatively close intermolecular contacts, which is an important precondition for achieving single-component conductors. The magnetic, optical, and redox properties are investigated in the solution phase. In combination with the good stability, such open-shell molecular systems have potentials as functional electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Guo
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuaishuai Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhuofan Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Educational Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Integrated Molecular Structure Analysis Laboratory, Social Cooperation Program, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
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Abstract
Triangulene is the smallest non-Kekulé graphene fragment known as Clar's hydrocarbon. Due to its open-shell electronic structure, triangulene is a promising molecular building block of carbon-based organic materials for spintronics and quantum molecular science. It comprises six benzenoid rings arranged in a triangular shape with two unpaired electrons delocalized over the entire conjugated core, making this molecule highly reactive. A triplet ground state is predicted for this hydrocarbon by Ovchinnikov's rule, or Lieb's theorem, in accord with Hund's rule. The pioneering work on triangulene was performed almost 70 years ago by Erich Clar, who attempted to prepare the pristine compound. Since then, several synthetic approaches to prepare this molecule have been exploited. The extreme reactivity of triangulene can be circumvented using on-surface techniques or by installation of sterically demanding substituents, which kinetically stabilize the diradical core against oligomerization in solution. The first two examples of a persistent derivative of triangulene were simultaneously and independently developed last year. This article presents a historical development in the synthesis of triangulene and its derivatives and outlines possible future applications in ferromagnetic materials, electrically conductive polymers or quantum computing. A historical development of synthetic efforts to “tame” triangulene—an iconic non-Kekulé graphene fragment known as a Clar's hydrocarbon—up to the most recent advancements that open new possibilities in the design of carbon-based spin materials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Leoš Valenta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Prievidza Chemical Society, M. Hodžu 10/16, 971 01 Prievidza, Slovak Republic
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Arikawa S, Shimizu A, Shiomi D, Sato K, Shintani R. Synthesis and Isolation of a Kinetically Stabilized Crystalline Triangulene. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19599-19605. [PMID: 34767718 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and isolation of hydrocarbons with a triplet ground state in crystalline forms have been sought in materials science. Triangulene is one of the most famous triplet-ground-state benzenoid hydrocarbons. Its unique electronic structure and highly symmetric structure have prompted many scientists to synthesize and isolate triangulene and its derivatives, but all attempts so far to isolate them as crystals have been unsuccessful. Herein we report the synthesis and isolation of a kinetically stabilized crystalline triangulene for the first time. The key to success is the introduction of bulky substituents onto the reactive zigzag edges. Its highly symmetric structure was confirmed by X-ray crystallography, and its fundamental properties, including the triplet ground state, were revealed. The achievement here will open the door for the synthesis and isolation of other hydrocarbons with higher spin multiplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Arikawa
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shimizu
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiomi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Ryo Shintani
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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Ribar P, Valenta L, Šolomek T, Juríček M. Rules of Nucleophilic Additions to Zigzag Nanographene Diones*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13521-13528. [PMID: 33645878 PMCID: PMC8251702 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophilic addition of carbon-centered nucleophiles to nanographene ketones represents a valuable late-stage method for the functionalization of zigzag nanographenes, but its use is rare in the chemical literature. Using two model systems, non-Kekulé triangulene-4,8-dione and Kekulé anthanthrone, we identify unexpected regioselectivities and uncover the rules that govern these reactions. Considering the large number of nanographene ketones that have been reported since the pioneering work of Eric Clar, this method enables synthesis and exploration of hitherto unknown functionalized nanographenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ribar
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Leoš Valenta
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Tomáš Šolomek
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056BaselSwitzerland
- Prievidza Chemical SocietyM. Hodžu 10/16971 01PrievidzaSlovak Republic
- Current address: Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
- Prievidza Chemical SocietyM. Hodžu 10/16971 01PrievidzaSlovak Republic
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