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Saroha A, Bosco MS, Menon S, Kumari P, Maity T, Rana S, Kotak S, Mondal J, Agasti SS. Regulation of microtubule dynamics and function in living cells via cucurbit[7]uril host-guest assembly. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11981-11994. [PMID: 39092123 PMCID: PMC11290447 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00204k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Living systems utilize sophisticated biochemical regulators and various signal transduction mechanisms to program bio-molecular assemblies and their associated functions. Creating synthetic assemblies that can replicate the functional and signal-responsive properties of these regulators, while also interfacing with biomolecules, holds significant interest within the realms of supramolecular chemistry and chemical biology. This pursuit not only aids in understanding the fundamental design principles of life but also introduces novel capabilities that contribute to the advancements in medical and therapeutic research. In this study, we present a cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) host-guest system designed to regulate the dynamics and functions of microtubules (MTs) in living cells. To establish communication between MTs and CB[7] and to reversibly control MT function through host-guest recognition, we synthesized a two-faced docetaxel-p-xylenediamine (Xyl-DTX) derivative. While Xyl-DTX effectively stabilized polymerized MTs, inducing MT bundling and reducing dynamics in GFP-α-tubulin expressing cells, we observed a significant reduction in its MT-targeted activity upon threading with CB[7]. Leveraging the reversible nature of the host-guest complexation, we strategically reactivated the MT stabilizing effect by programming the guest displacement reaction from the CB[7]·Xyl-DTX complex using a suitable chemical signal, namely a high-affinity guest. This host-guest switch was further integrated into various guest activation networks, enabling 'user-defined' regulatory control over MT function. For instance, we demonstrated programmable control over MT function through an optical signal by interfacing it with a photochemical guest activation network. Finally, we showcased the versatility of this supramolecular system in nanotechnology-based therapeutic approaches, where a self-assembled nanoparticle system was employed to trigger the MT-targeted therapeutic effect from the CB[7]·Xyl-DTX complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Saroha
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Bangalore Karnataka 560064 India
| | - Monica Swetha Bosco
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Bangalore Karnataka 560064 India
| | - Sneha Menon
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 36/P, Gopanpally Village Hyderabad 500046 India
| | - Pratibha Kumari
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Bangalore Karnataka 560064 India
| | - Tanmoy Maity
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science C. V. Raman Road Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Subinoy Rana
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science C. V. Raman Road Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Sachin Kotak
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science 560012 Bangalore India
| | - Jagannath Mondal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 36/P, Gopanpally Village Hyderabad 500046 India
| | - Sarit S Agasti
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Bangalore Karnataka 560064 India
- Chemistry & Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Bangalore Karnataka 560064 India
- School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Bangalore Karnataka 560064 India
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2
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Spitzbarth B, Eelkema R. Chemical reaction networks based on conjugate additions on β'-substituted Michael acceptors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11174-11187. [PMID: 37529876 PMCID: PMC10508045 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02126b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the study of more complex, chemical systems closer to those found in nature, and the interactions within those systems, has grown immensely. Despite great efforts, the need for new, versatile, and robust chemistry to apply in CRNs remains. In this Feature Article, we give a brief overview over previous developments in the field of systems chemistry and how β'-substituted Michael acceptors (MAs) can be a great addition to the systems chemist's toolbox. We illustrate their versatility by showcasing a range of examples of applying β'-substituted MAs in CRNs, both as chemical signals and as substrates, to open up the path to many applications ranging from responsive materials, to pathway control in CRNs, drug delivery, analyte detection, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Spitzbarth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Rienk Eelkema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
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3
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Shen SH, Wang ST, Chen JB, Fang WH, Zhang J. Supramolecular Chemistry of Windmill-like Al 10 Clusters: Adjustable Guests and Hydrogen-Bonding Networks for Enhanced Optical Limiting. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:8300-8308. [PMID: 37196239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The interest in cluster chemistry lies not only in the development of new types of geometric structures but also in the higher-level connectivity and assembly of clusters at the supramolecular level. Here, we report a novel windmill-like Al10 cluster and consider this geometrically unique cluster as an anionic node assembled together with different cationic guests such as imidazolium and guanidinium. These guests with different hydrogen-bond angles can help to obtain a series of diverse hydrogen-bonding networks and then manipulate the stacking mode of hosts and guests. Furthermore, we realized a supramolecular approach to fine-tune the optical limiting properties of the cluster. This work not only enriches the host-guest chemistry of ionic windmill-like clusters but also opens up more possibilities for aluminum oxo cluster-based hydrogen-bonded frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Hao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - San-Tai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian-Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wei-Hui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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4
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Kundu S, Mondal D, Rajasekaran VV, Goswami A, Schmittel M. Three-Input Logic AND Gate Drives Sequential Three-Step Catalysis by Parallel Activation of H + and Ag + as a Catalyst Duo. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:17007-17011. [PMID: 36264551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Boolean operations with multiple catalysts as output are yet unknown using molecular logic. The issue is solved using a two-component ensemble, composed of a receptor and rotaxane, which acts as a three-input AND gate with a dual catalytic output. Actuation of the ensemble gate by the stoichiometric addition of metal ions (Ag+ and Cd2+) and 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid generated in the (1,1,1) truth table state a catalyst duo that synergistically enabled a three-step reaction, furnishing a dihydroisoquinoline as the output of a three-input logic AND gate operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohom Kundu
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Department of Chemistry-Biology, Organische Chemie I, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Debabrata Mondal
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Department of Chemistry-Biology, Organische Chemie I, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Vishnu Verman Rajasekaran
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Department of Chemistry-Biology, Organische Chemie I, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Department of Chemistry-Biology, Organische Chemie I, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Department of Chemistry-Biology, Organische Chemie I, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein Strasse 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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5
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A Multi − Site initiation reversible Addition − Fragmentation Chain − Transfer electrochemical cocaine sensing. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Ye Y, Wang Z, Xu S, Lin X, Luo J, Li W, Wang X. Supramolecular Radical Switches Regulated by Host‐Guest Chemistry. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Yuan Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 P. R. China
| | - Zi‐Xin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 P. R. China
| | - Shi‐Yuan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Wei Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 P. R. China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Zhen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Qiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 P. R. China
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7
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Barooah N, Mohanty J, Bhasikuttan AC. Cucurbituril-Based Supramolecular Assemblies: Prospective on Drug Delivery, Sensing, Separation, and Catalytic Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6249-6264. [PMID: 35535760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Precise control over the stimuli-responsive noncovalent interactions operative in a complex molecular system has emerged as a convenient way to realize applications in the detection and sensing of trace analytes, metal ion separation, uptake-release, in situ nanoparticle synthesis, and catalytic activity. This feature article focuses on the attributes and advantages of noncovalent host-guest interactions involving cucurbituril homologues (CBs) with a wide range of organic and inorganic guests, starting from organic dyes to drugs, proteins, surfactants, metal ions, and polyoxometalates. The unique structural features of CBs provide interaction sites for cations at the portals, polyanions at the periphery, and hydrophobic groups in its cavity. The facile complexation and consequent compositional and geometrical arrangements of guests such as naphthalenediimides, coumarins, porphyrins, and triphenylpyrylium ions with the host CBs led to remarkable changes in many molecular properties, especially aggregation, the proton binding and release affinity, and novel emissive dimers, and each of such spectroscopic signatures have been appropriately channeled to drug delivery and activation to improve the antibacterial efficacy and shelf life of drugs by increasing their photostability. Several technological advantages have also been extracted from the interaction of CBs with inorganic guests as well. The interaction of CB7 with the heptamolybdate anion resulted in the precipitation of a hybrid complex material which enabled a convenient separation methodology for the use of clinically pure radioactive 99mTc in diagnostic applications. Certain cucurbituril-based hybrid materials have been developed for enhanced SO2 adsorption at low pressures, high-efficiency hydrogen production, and reversible catalytic systems. Thus, this feature article provides a glimpse of the vast potential of cucurbituril homologues with organic and inorganic guests and calls for a dedicated effort to explore supramolecular strategies for better sensors, therapeutics, smart drug delivery modules, and facile devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilotpal Barooah
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Mohanty
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Achikanath C Bhasikuttan
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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8
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van der Helm MP, Li G, Hartono M, Eelkema R. Transient Host-Guest Complexation To Control Catalytic Activity. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9465-9471. [PMID: 35584968 PMCID: PMC9164224 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Signal transduction
mechanisms are key to living systems. Cells
respond to signals by changing catalytic activity of enzymes. This
signal responsive catalysis is crucial in the regulation of (bio)chemical
reaction networks (CRNs). Inspired by these networks, we report an
artificial signal responsive system that shows signal-induced temporary
catalyst activation. We use an unstable signal to temporarily activate
an out of equilibrium CRN, generating transient host–guest
complexes to control catalytic activity. Esters with favorable binding
toward the cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) supramolecular host are used as
temporary signals to form a transient complex with CB[7], replacing
a CB[7]-bound guest. The esters are hydrolytically unstable, generating
acids and alcohols, which do not bind to CB[7], leading to guest reuptake.
We demonstrate the feasibility of the concept using signal-controlled
temporary dye release and reuptake. The same signal controlled system
was then used to tune the reaction rate of aniline catalyzed hydrazone
formation. Varying the ester structure and concentration gave access
to different catalyst liberation times and free catalyst concentration,
regulating the overall reaction rate. With temporary signal controlled
transient complex formation we can tune the kinetics of a second chemical
reaction, in which the signal does not participate. This system shows
promise for building more complex nonbiological networks, to ultimately
arrive at signal transduction in organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle P van der Helm
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Guotai Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Muhamad Hartono
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Eelkema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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9
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Rispoli F, Spatola E, Del Giudice D, Cacciapaglia R, Casnati A, Baldini L, Di Stefano S. Temporal Control of the Host-Guest Properties of a Calix[6]arene Receptor by the Use of a Chemical Fuel. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3623-3629. [PMID: 35196018 PMCID: PMC8902750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The host–guest
interaction of a 1,3,5-trisaminocalix[6]arene
receptor with N-methylisoquinolinium trifluoromethanesulfonate
(Kass of 500 ± 30 M–1 in CD2Cl2) can be dissipatively driven by
means of 2-cyano-2-(4′-chloro)phenylpropanoic acid used as
a convenient chemical fuel. When the fuel is added to a dichloromethane
solution containing the above complex, the host is induced to immediately
release the guest in the bulk solution. Consumption of the fuel allows
the guest to be re-uptaken by the host. The operation can be satisfactorily
reiterated with four subsequent additions of fuel, producing four
successive release–reuptake cycles. The percentage of the guest
temporarily released in the bulk solution by the host and the time
required for the reuptake process can be finely regulated by varying
the quantities of added fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Rispoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Emanuele Spatola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Giudice
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - Roberta Cacciapaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, Roma I-00185, Italy
| | - Alessandro Casnati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Laura Baldini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, Roma I-00185, Italy
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10
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Tehrani FN, Assaf KI, Hein R, Jensen CME, Nugent TC, Nau WM. Supramolecular Catalysis of a Catalysis-Resistant Diels–Alder Reaction: Almost Theoretical Acceleration of Cyclopentadiene Dimerization inside Cucurbit[7]uril. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Foad N. Tehrani
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Khaleel I. Assaf
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, 19117 Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Robert Hein
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Casper M. E. Jensen
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Thomas C. Nugent
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Werner M. Nau
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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11
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Wu J, Luo Y, Chen L, Sun X, Chen X, Qin S, Feng W, Li X, Yuan L. A host–guest interaction activated Bobbitt oxidant for highly efficient oxidation of alcohols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12867-12870. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05027g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Host–guest complexation using hydrogen-bonded macrocycles was found to enable activation of the Bobbitt oxidant reagent, which greatly facilitates the highly efficient oxidation of unactivated primary alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Youran Luo
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Lingxuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xinnan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Song Qin
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Lihua Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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12
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Li G, Trausel F, van der Helm MP, Klemm B, Brevé TG, van Rossum SAP, Hartono M, Gerlings HHPJ, Lovrak M, van Esch JH, Eelkema R. Tuneable Control of Organocatalytic Activity through Host-Guest Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14022-14029. [PMID: 33821558 PMCID: PMC8251865 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of chemical reactivity is important in many complex chemical reaction networks, such as cascade reactions and signal transduction processes. Signal responsive catalysts could play a crucial role in regulating these reaction pathways. Recently, supramolecular encapsulation was reported to regulate the activities of artificial catalysts. We present a host-guest chemistry strategy to modulate the activity of commercially available synthetic organocatalysts. The molecular container cucurbit[7]uril was successfully applied to change the activity of four different organocatalysts and one initiator, enabling up- or down-regulation of the reaction rates of four different classes of chemical reactions. In most cases CB[7] encapsulation results in catalyst inhibition, however in one case catalyst activation by binding to CB[7] was observed. The mechanism behind this unexpected behavior was explored by NMR binding studies and pKa measurements. The catalytic activity can be instantaneously switched during operation, by addition of either supramolecular host or competitive binding molecules, and the reaction rate can be predicted with a kinetic model. Overall, this signal responsive system proves a promising tool to control catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotai Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Fanny Trausel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle P van der Helm
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Klemm
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias G Brevé
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Susan A P van Rossum
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Muhamad Hartono
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Harm H P J Gerlings
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Matija Lovrak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H van Esch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Eelkema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
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