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Hong Y, Nie Z, Tian X, Sun J, Zhou Q, Liang W, Chen S, Huang J, Tan K, Dong L. Rare-earth-free up and down-conversion dual-emission carbon dots for Cu 2+ sensing. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 323:124920. [PMID: 39111030 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
In this work, up- and down-conversion dual-emission CDs without rare-earth (UD D-CDs) were synthesized using RhB and 1,4-Diaminoanthraquinone as precursors. The synthesized UD D-CDs exhibited dual emissions at 496 and 580 nm under 260 and 865 nm excitation, respectively. The fluorescence emission mechanism, including contributions from carbon nuclei, surface states, molecular states, and internal defect states, was discussed through the separation and purification of UD D-CDs. Based on the interaction between UD D-CDs and copper ions (Cu2+), a dual-mode ratio fluorescence probe was developed to detect and quantify Cu2+. The up-conversion ratio fluorescent probe shows a linear range of 0.0500-15.0 μM, with a detection limit as low as 2.76 nM. This method has been successfully applied to detecting Cu2+ in human serum and has potential applications in biochemical analysis and biological imaging. The successful preparation of up-conversion fluorescent carbon dots without rare earth elements and the ability to perform low-damage detection in high-background biological samples provide a new approach to constructing non-rare earth up-conversion probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Zhengpei Nie
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Xuelian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Jingfang Sun
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Center of Modern Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China
| | - Qiuju Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Wenbin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Shihong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| | - Jin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Engineering Research Center of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bintuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, PR China.
| | - Kejun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| | - Lin Dong
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Center of Modern Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China
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Yang H, Ran Z, Luo Y, Liu S, Xu W, Liu J, Cui J, Lei B, Hu C, Zhuang J, Liu Y, Xiao Y. Exploration and Design of Carbon Dot-Based Long Afterglow Materials Using Active Machine Learning and Quantum Chemical Simulations. ACS NANO 2024; 18:29203-29213. [PMID: 39378139 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c11418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Long afterglow materials based on carbon dots (CDs) have attracted extensive attention in the field of optics due to their low cost and nontoxic properties. However, the targeted synthesis of specific properties of complex and unknown structures such as CDs remains a daunting challenge. In this study, the powerful nonlinear fitting ability of machine learning was used to explore the afterglow properties of CDs. The XGBoost algorithm demonstrates high prediction accuracy in determining the optimal excitation wavelength, optimal emission wavelength, and afterglow lifetime. Using Bayesian optimization, we screened and synthesized the CDs-based long afterglow materials with the longest lifetime reported so far by a one-step microwave method. By combining quantum chemical calculations with experimental data, we revealed the structure-function relationship between CDs and their precursors through electron-hole analysis. These results show that machine learning can establish nonlinear correlations between precursors and materials with unknown structures, clarify their intrinsic relationships, simplify the material design process, and thus accelerate the development of advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biomass Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhun Ran
- Key Laboratory for Biomass Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yimeng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Biomass Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomass Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weizhe Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biomass Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinkun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomass Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianghu Cui
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced Nanomaterials School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Bingfu Lei
- Key Laboratory for Biomass Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chaofan Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biomass Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianle Zhuang
- Key Laboratory for Biomass Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yingliang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomass Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Biomass Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Qin JX, Shen CL, Li L, Liu H, Zhang WY, Yang XG, Shan CX. Broadband Negative Photoconductive Response in Carbon Nanodots. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2404694. [PMID: 38857532 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Due to the broadband response and low selectivity of external light, negative photoconductivity (NPC) effect holds great potential applications in photoelectric devices. Herein, different photoresponsive carbon nanodots (CDs) are prepared from diverse precursors and the broadband response from the NPC CDs are utilized to achieve the optoelectronic logic gates and optical imaging for the first time. In detail, the mcu-CDs which are prepared by the microwave-assisted polymerization of citric acid and urea possess the large specific surface area and abundant hydrophilic groups as sites for the adsorption of H2O molecules and thereby present a high conductivity in dark. Meanwhile, the low affinity of mcu-CDs to H2O molecules permits the light-induced desorption of H2O molecules by heat effect and thus endow the mcu-CDs with a low conductivity under illumination. The easy absorption and desorption of H2O molecules contribute to the extraordinary NPC of mcu-CDs. With the broadband NPC response in CDs, the optoelectronic logic gates and flexible optical imaging system are established, achieving the applications of "NOR" or "NAND" logic operations and high-quality optical images. These findings unveil the unique optoelectronic properties of CDs, and have the potential to advance the applications of CDs in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xu Qin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Material and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Cheng-Long Shen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Material and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Lei Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Material and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Material and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wu-You Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Material and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xi-Gui Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Material and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Chong-Xin Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Material and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
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Wang F, Pan H, Mao W, Wang D. Optimizations of luminescent materials for white light emitting diodes toward healthy lighting. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34795. [PMID: 39149032 PMCID: PMC11325363 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
White light emitting diodes (wLEDs) have been widely used as the green lighting sources. The commercial wLEDs devices are mainly achieved through the combination of blue emission chips and yellow phosphors, which offer advantages of high efficiency and long lifetime. However, the color rendering index (CRI) of traditional wLEDs is low due to the lack of red components. In recent years, with the improvement of the quality of life, a lot of efforts have been paid to improve the performance of wLEDs devices related to CRI, correlated color temperature, light uniformity, luminous flux, etc. In this article, we summarize the recent advances on the optimization of wLEDs toward healthy lighting. Brief introductions on the fundamentals of healthy effect of lighting are presented, followed by discussions of current methods to realize wLEDs devices. Special overviews on strategies for luminescent materials of wLEDs in recent years are presented. The opportunities and challenges in the future development of wLEDs lighting devices are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hao Pan
- Shandong Best Integrated Housing Co., Ltd, Weifang, 262600, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Quzhou Innovation Institute for Chemical Engineering and Materials, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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5
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Guo H, Lu Y, Lei Z, Bao H, Zhang M, Wang Z, Guan C, Tang B, Liu Z, Wang L. Machine learning-guided realization of full-color high-quantum-yield carbon quantum dots. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4843. [PMID: 38844440 PMCID: PMC11156924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have versatile applications in luminescence, whereas identifying optimal synthesis conditions has been challenging due to numerous synthesis parameters and multiple desired outcomes, creating an enormous search space. In this study, we present a novel multi-objective optimization strategy utilizing a machine learning (ML) algorithm to intelligently guide the hydrothermal synthesis of CQDs. Our closed-loop approach learns from limited and sparse data, greatly reducing the research cycle and surpassing traditional trial-and-error methods. Moreover, it also reveals the intricate links between synthesis parameters and target properties and unifies the objective function to optimize multiple desired properties like full-color photoluminescence (PL) wavelength and high PL quantum yields (PLQY). With only 63 experiments, we achieve the synthesis of full-color fluorescent CQDs with high PLQY exceeding 60% across all colors. Our study represents a significant advancement in ML-guided CQDs synthesis, setting the stage for developing new materials with multiple desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhang Guo
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, BaoShan District, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yuhao Lu
- College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhendong Lei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hong Bao
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, BaoShan District, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Mingwan Zhang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, BaoShan District, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zeming Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, BaoShan District, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Cuntai Guan
- College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Bijun Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Level 6, Singapore, 637553, Singapore.
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, BaoShan District, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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6
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Guo G, Xia Y. General Separation of Carbon Dots by Polyamide Chromatography. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5095-5105. [PMID: 38414104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dot (C-dot) separation/purification is not only a fundamental chemical issue but also an essential precondition for revealing C-dots' true nature. To date, adequate separation of C-dots has remained an open question due to the lack of an appropriate fine separation system. Herein, we discover and reveal that polyamide chromatography can provide versatile and powerful performances for C-dot separation. By a joint study of experiments and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that multiple interaction forces, including electrostatic repulsion/attraction, hydrogen bond, and van der Waals effects, exist simultaneously among the stationary phase, mobile phase, and the separated C-dots. Furthermore, the magnitude of these forces is dependent on the surface chemistry of the separated C-dots and the nature of the used mobile phases, providing a theoretical basis and experimental operability for C-dot separation. So, the proposed system possesses the capacity for adequately separating hydrophilic, amphiphilic, and lipophilic C-dots. The polyamide chromatography, due to its versatile and powerful separation performances, not only provides more thorough separation effects but also helps to correct our false perceptions from inadequate purified C-dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Guo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Chemical Measurement, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yunsheng Xia
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Chemical Measurement, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
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Wang B, Wang H, Hu Y, Waterhouse GIN, Lu S. Matrix-Free Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Carbon Dots-Based Electroluminescent Light-Emitting Diodes Exceeding 5.6% External Quantum Efficiency. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2904-2911. [PMID: 38385631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are promising luminescent emission layer materials for next generation electroluminescent light emitting diodes (EL-LEDs) due to their many advantages, such as environmental friendliness, low cost, and high stability. However, limited by the spin-forbidden properties of the triplet transition, it is difficult to improve the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of fluorescent CDs-based EL-LEDs. Meanwhile, traditional thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) CDs prepared using coating strategies are difficult to utilize in EL-LEDs due to the nonconductivity of the coating agent. Herein, we successfully developed matrix-free TADF CDs with yellow emission and achieved a device EQE of 5.68%, which is the highest value reported in CDs-based EL-LEDs. In addition, we also developed white EL-LEDs with an EQE of 1.70%. This study highlights the importance of interactions between precursors in modulating the electroluminescence properties of TADF emitters and provides an effective design principle for matrix-free TADF CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yongsheng Hu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | | | - Siyu Lu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
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Yuan T, Song X, Shi Y, Wei S, Han Y, Yang L, Zhang Y, Li X, Li Y, Shen L, Fan L. Perspectives on development of optoelectronic materials in artificial intelligence age. Chem Asian J 2024:e202301088. [PMID: 38317532 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Optoelectronic devices, such as light-emitting diodes, have been demonstrated as one of the most demanded forthcoming display and lighting technologies because of their low cost, low power consumption, high brightness, and high contrast. The improvement of device performance relies on advances in precisely designing novelty functional materials, including light-emitting materials, hosts, hole/electron transport materials, and yet which is a time-consuming, laborious and resource-intensive task. Recently, machine learning (ML) has shown great prospects to accelerate material discovery and property enhancement. This review will summarize the workflow of ML in optoelectronic materials discovery, including data collection, feature engineering, model selection, model evaluation and model application. We highlight multiple recent applications of machine-learned potentials in various optoelectronic functional materials, ranging from semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) or perovskite QDs, organic molecules to carbon-based nanomaterials. We furthermore discuss the current challenges to fully realize the potential of ML-assisted materials design for optoelectronics applications. It is anticipated that this review will provide critical insights to inspire new exciting discoveries on ML-guided of high-performance optoelectronic devices with a combined effort from different disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xianzhi Song
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuxin Shi
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shuyan Wei
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuyi Han
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Linjuan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yunchao Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lin Shen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Louzhen Fan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Tu H, Liu H, Xu L, Luo Z, Li L, Tian Y, Deng W, Zou G, Hou H, Ji X. Carbon dots from alcohol molecules: principles and the reaction mechanism. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12194-12204. [PMID: 37969573 PMCID: PMC10631255 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04606k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted significant attention in the energy, environment, and biology fields due to their exceptional physicochemical properties. However, owing to the multifarious precursors and complex reaction mechanisms, the production of carbon dots from organic molecules is still a mysterious process. Inspired by the color change of sodium hydroxide ethanol solution after standing for some time, in this work, we thoroughly investigated the reaction mechanism from alcohol molecules to carbon dots through a lot of experiments and theoretical calculations, and it was found that the rate-controlling reaction is the formation of aldehydes, and it is also confirmed that there is a self-catalysis reaction, which can accelerate the conversion from alcohol to aldehyde, further facilitating the final formation of CDs. After the rate-controlling reaction of alcohol to aldehyde, under strongly alkaline conditions, an aldol reaction occurs to form unsaturated aldehydes, followed by further condensation and polymerization reactions to form long carbon chains, which are cross-linked and dehydrated to form carbon dots with a carbon core and surface functional groups. Additionally, it is found that the reaction can be largely accelerated with the assistance of electricity, which indicates the great prospect of industrial production. Furthermore, the obtained CDs with rich functional groups can be utilized as electrolyte additives to optimize the deposition behavior of Na metal, manifesting great potential towards safe and stable Na metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Huaxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Laiqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Zheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Ye Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Wentao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Guoqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Hongshuai Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Xiaobo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
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10
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Shi Y, Su W, Yuan F, Yuan T, Song X, Han Y, Wei S, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li X, Fan L. Carbon Dots for Electroluminescent Light-Emitting Diodes: Recent Progress and Future Prospects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210699. [PMID: 36959751 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), as emerging carbon nanomaterials, have been regarded as promising alternatives for electroluminescent light-emitting diodes (LEDs) owing to their distinct characteristics, such as low toxicity, tuneable photoluminescence, and good photostability. In the last few years, despite remarkable progress achieved in CD-based LEDs, their device performance is still inferior to that of well-developed organic, heavy-metal-based QDs, and perovskite LEDs. To better exploit LED applications and boost device performance, in this review, a comprehensive overview of currently explored CDs is presented, focusing on their key optical characteristics, which are closely related to the structural design of CDs from their carbon core to surface modifications, and to macroscopic structural engineering, including the embedding of CDs in the matrix or spatial arrangement of CDs. The design of CD-based LEDs for display and lighting applications based on the fluorescence, phosphorescence, and delayed fluorescence emission of CDs is also highlighted. Finally, it is concluded with a discussion regarding the key challenges and plausible prospects in this field. It is hoped that this review inspires more extensive research on CDs from a new perspective and promotes practical applications of CD-based LEDs in multiple directions of current and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wen Su
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fanglong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xianzhi Song
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuyi Han
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shuyan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yunchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Louzhen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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11
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Li SN, Pan JL, Yu YJ, Zhao F, Wang YK, Liao LS. Advances in Solution-Processed Blue Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13101695. [PMID: 37242111 DOI: 10.3390/nano13101695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) have been identified as a next-generation display technology owing to their low-cost manufacturing, wide color gamut, and electrically driven self-emission properties. However, the efficiency and stability of blue QLEDs still pose a significant challenge, limiting their production and potential application. This review aims to analyse the factors leading to the failure of blue QLEDs and presents a roadmap to accelerate their development based on the progress made in the synthesis of II-VI (CdSe, ZnSe) quantum dots (QDs), III-V (InP) QDs, carbon dots, and perovskite QDs. The proposed analysis will include discussions on material synthesis, core-shell structures, ligand interactions, and device fabrication, providing a comprehensive overview of these materials and their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jia-Lin Pan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yan-Jun Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ya-Kun Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macau SAR, China
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12
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Chaghaghazardi M, Kashanian S, Nazari M, Omidfar K, Joseph Y, Rahimi P. Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon quantum dots fluorescence quenching assay for detection of mercury (II). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 293:122448. [PMID: 36773423 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a highly toxic and potentially bioaccumulative heavy metal ion that can cause severe health problems in humans even at very low concentrations. Thus, the development of a simple, rapid, and sensitive assay for the effective detection of mercury ions at trace levels is of great importance. Here, nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon quantum dots (N,S-CQD) were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal treatment of chitosan in the presence of thiourea and citric acid with a quantum yield (QY) up to 33.0 % and used as a selective fluorescent probe to detect mercury ions (Hg2+). The effect of pH, ionic strength, and time on the fluorescence intensity of N,S-CQD were investigated and optimized. The synthesized N,S-CQD showed ultrasensitive ability to detect Hg2+ ions in the water samples, also in the presence of 11 interfering metal ions, with a low detection limit (∼4 nM) over a wide linear range from ∼5-160 nM. The sensing performance of N,S-CQD probe in real sample applications was evaluated by the detection of Hg2+ in lake water samples, which confirmed its potential application in environmental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosayeb Chaghaghazardi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran; Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Kashanian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran; Nanobiotechnology Department, Faculty of Innovative Science and Technology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Maryam Nazari
- Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kobra Omidfar
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yvonne Joseph
- Institute of Electronic and Sensor Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Materials Technology, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; Freiberg Center for Water Research, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Parvaneh Rahimi
- Institute of Electronic and Sensor Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Materials Technology, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; Freiberg Center for Water Research, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
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13
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Zhang T, Wang X, Huang H, Liu Y, Kang Z. Conventional and Inverted Light-Emitting Diodes with 386 nm Emission Wavelength Based on Metal-Free Carbon Dots. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:18045-18054. [PMID: 36989133 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are of great concern due to wide applications in the fields of solid-state displays, photocommunication, and scientific and medical instruments. During the past 10 years, organic and inorganic semiconductors have made great breakthroughs in short-wavelength emission. Nowadays, carbon dots (CDs), which possess distinctive superiorities of high stability, nontoxicity, and low cost, are promising all-band emission materials for the next generation of LEDs. However, the fabrication of CD-based LEDs (CD-LEDs) with emission wavelengths below 400 nm is still a huge limitation in this field. Herein, we prepared UV emission CDs with the photoluminescence emission wavelength of 371 nm. The UV-CDs are perfectly compatible with both conventional and inverted device structures so as to realize the currently shortest electroluminescent emission wavelength of 386 nm for CD-LEDs. The conventional UV-CD-LEDs possess the optimum luminance of 268 cd m-2 (5427 W sr-1 m-2) with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 1.115%. Meanwhile, the inverted UV-CD-LEDs possess the optimum luminance of 132 cd m-2 (2673 W sr-1 m-2) with an EQE of 0.869%. This work paves a new road to manufacture carbon nanomaterial-based UV emission devices with high luminance, EQE, and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenhui Kang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macao, China
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14
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Xu B, Li J, Zhang J, Ning H, Fang X, Shen J, Zhou H, Jiang T, Gao Z, Meng X, Wang Z. Solid-State Fluorescent Carbon Dots with Unprecedented Efficiency from Visible to Near-Infrared Region. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205788. [PMID: 36461754 PMCID: PMC9896040 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Developing solid-state luminescent materials with bright long-wavelength emissions is of considerable practical importance in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) but remains a formidable challenge. Here, a novel structure engineering strategy is reported to realize solid-state fluorescence (FL)-emitted carbon dots (CDs) from visible to near-infrared region. This is the first report of such an extended wavelength emission of self-quenching-resistant solid-state CDs. Notably, the quantum yields of these CDs are remarkably improved up to 67.7%, which is the highest value for solid-state CDs. The surface polymer chains of CDs can efficiently suppress the conjugated sp2 carbon cores from π-π stacking inducing aggregation caused FL quenching, and the redshift of FL emissions is attributed to narrowing bandgap caused by an enlarged sp2 carbon core. Using these CDs as conversion phosphors, the fabrication of white LEDs with adjustable correlated color temperatures of 1882-5019 K is achieved. Moreover, a plant growth LED device is assembled with a blue-LED chip and deep-red/near-infrared-emitted CDs. Compared with sunlight and white LEDs, the peanuts irradiated by plant growth LED lamp show higher growth efficiency in terms of branches and leaves. This work provides high-quality solid-state CD-based phosphors for LED lighting sources that are required for diverse optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Huiying Ning
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Xiaoqi Fang
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Jian Shen
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Heng Zhou
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Tianlong Jiang
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Xiangeng Meng
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
| | - Zifei Wang
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250353China
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15
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Wang B, Waterhouse GI, Lu S. Carbon dots: mysterious past, vibrant present, and expansive future. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Xu Q, Tang Y, Zhu P, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Solis OS, Hu TS, Wang J. Machine learning guided microwave-assisted quantum dot synthesis and an indication of residual H 2O 2 in human teeth. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13771-13778. [PMID: 36102636 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03718a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The current preparation methods of carbon quantum dots (CDs) involve many reaction parameters, which leads to many possibilities in the synthesis processes and high uncertainty of the resultant production performance. Recently, machine learning (ML) methods have shown great potential in correlating the selected features in many applications, which can help understand the relevant structure-function relationships of CDs and discover better synthesis recipes as well. In this work, we employ the ML approach to guide the blue CD synthesis in microwave systems. After optimizing the synthesis parameters and conditions, the quantum yield (QY) increases to about 200% higher than the average value of the prepared samples without ML guidance. The obtained CDs are applied as fluorescent probes to monitor hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in human teeth. The CD probe exhibits a linear relationship with the concentration of H2O2 ranging from 0 to 1.1 M with a lower detection limit of 0.12 M, which can effectively detect the residual H2O2 after bleaching teeth. This work shows that the adopted ML methods have considerable advantages in guiding the synthesis of high-quality CDs, which could accelerate the development of other novel functional materials in energy, biomedical, and environmental remediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Yaoyao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Peide Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Weiye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Oliver Sanchez Solis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State University, Los Angeles, California, 90032, USA
| | - Travis Shihao Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State University, Los Angeles, California, 90032, USA
| | - Juncheng Wang
- Institute of Stomatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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17
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Luo JB, Chen J, Liu H, Huang CZ, Zhou J. High-efficiency synthesis of red carbon dots using machine learning. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9014-9017. [PMID: 35866681 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03473e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to their excellent optical properties, red carbon dots (CDs) have been widely used in cell imaging and biomedical therapy. However, the efficiency of red CD synthesis is deficient, and the synthesis cost is high. Here, we propose an efficient synthesis method based on machine learning to assist researchers in synthesizing red fluorescent CDs. This strategy can quickly and efficiently predict the predesigned conditions of CD synthesis. It avoids invalid synthetic experiments and improves the efficiency of red CD synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Bo Luo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Jiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical System (Southwest University), Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical System (Southwest University), Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical System (Southwest University), Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical System (Southwest University), Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
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18
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Xi L, Zhang M, Zhang L, Lew TTS, Lam YM. Novel Materials for Urban Farming. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105009. [PMID: 34668260 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Scarcity of natural resources, shifting demographics, climate change, and increasing waste are four major challenges in the quest to feed the exploding world population. These challenges serve as the impetus to harness novel technologies to improve agriculture, productivity, and sustainability. Urban farming has several advantages over conventional farming: higher productivity, improved sustainability, and the ability to provide fresh food all year round. Novel materials are key to accelerating the evolution of urban farming - with their ability to facilitate controlled release of nutrients and pesticides, improved seed health, substrates with better water retention capability, more efficient recycling of agricultural waste, and precise plant health monitoring. Materials science enables environmental sustainability and higher harvest yields in urban farms. Here, Singapore is used as an example of a land-scarce city where urban farming may be the solution for future food production. Potential research directions and challenges in urban farming are highlighted, and how material optimization and innovation drive the development of urban farming to meet national and global food demands is briefly discussed. This review serves as a guide for researchers and a reference for stakeholders of urban farms, policy makers, and other interested parties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Xi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Facility for Analysis, Characterisation, Testing and Simulation (FACTS), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Liling Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Tedrick T S Lew
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yeng Ming Lam
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Facility for Analysis, Characterisation, Testing and Simulation (FACTS), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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19
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Wang X, Chen S, Ma Y, Zhang T, Zhao Y, He T, Huang H, Zhang S, Rong J, Shi C, Tang K, Liu Y, Kang Z. Continuous Homogeneous Catalytic Oxidation of C-H Bonds by Metal-Free Carbon Dots with a Poly(ascorbic acid) Structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:26682-26689. [PMID: 35639877 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The activation of the C-H bond, a necessary step to get high-value-added compounds, is one of the most important issues in modern catalysis. Combining the advantages of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, a certain continuous homogeneous process should be one of the ideal routes for the catalytic activation of C-H bonds. Here, through machine learning (ML), we predicted and fabricated metal-free carbon dot (C-Dot) homogeneous catalysts for C-H bond oxidation. These C-Dots have an ascorbic acid unit based polymer-like structure with a polymerization degree in the range of 3-10. With C-Dots as the catalyst, three groups (aliphatic, aromatic, and cycloalkanes) of 10 hydrocarbon molecules were tested, proving its generality for the catalytic oxidation of the C-H bond. A typical example of cyclohexane that was selectively oxidized to adipic acid (AA) by using a circulation and phase-transfer process demonstrates its critical advantages, such as the continuous and large-scaled producing ability of the homogeneous catalysis process. The one-pass conversion efficiency of cyclohexane to AA reaches 77.49% with selectivity up to 84.24% in 4 h. The yield of 16.32% per hour is about 4 times over that of modern technology. Theoretical calculations suggested that the O2 activation on C-Dots plays a crucial role in determining the reaction rate of the entire catalytic oxidation process of cyclohexane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shaoang Chen
- Innovation Center for Chemical Science, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yurong Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tianyang Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yajie Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tiwei He
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shitong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Junfeng Rong
- Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chunfeng Shi
- Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kangjian Tang
- Innovation Center for Chemical Science, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhenhui Kang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macao, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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20
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Wang X, Wang H, Zhou W, Zhang T, Huang H, Song Y, Li Y, Liu Y, Kang Z. Carbon dots with tunable third-order nonlinear coefficient instructed by machine learning. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Zhao W, Wang Y, Liu K, Zhou R, Shan C. Multicolor biomass based carbon nanodots for bacterial imaging. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Ðorđević L, Arcudi F, Cacioppo M, Prato M. A multifunctional chemical toolbox to engineer carbon dots for biomedical and energy applications. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:112-130. [PMID: 35173327 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-01051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescent carbon nanoparticles, or carbon dots, are an emerging class of materials that has recently attracted considerable attention for biomedical and energy applications. They are defined by characteristic sizes of <10 nm, a carbon-based core and the possibility to add various functional groups at their surface for targeted applications. These nanomaterials possess many interesting physicochemical and optical properties, which include tunable light emission, dispersibility and low toxicity. In this Review, we categorize how chemical tools impact the properties of carbon dots. We look for pre- and postsynthetic approaches for the preparation of carbon dots and their derivatives or composites. We then showcase examples to correlate structure, composition and function and use them to discuss the future development of this class of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Ðorđević
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Francesca Arcudi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Michele Cacioppo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.
- Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque, Bilbao, Spain.
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23
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Zhang T, Wang X, Wu Z, Yang T, Zhao H, Wang J, Huang H, Liu Y, Kang Z. Highly stable and bright blue light-emitting diodes based on carbon dots with a chemically inert surface. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6949-6955. [PMID: 36132364 PMCID: PMC9417944 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00576f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The manufacture of blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has always been a tough problem to solve in the display and illumination fields. Inorganic/organic semiconductors and carbon dots (CDs) with a wide band gap still face obstacles such as a low external quantum efficiency (EQE) and poor stability. Herein, we synthesized highly stable and blue emission CDs with a chemically inert surface, and the photoluminescence (PL) peak (in ultra-pure water) of which is located at 446 nm with an absolute PL quantum yield (PLQY) of 26.4%. The LEDs based blue emission CDs exhibit an electroluminescence (EL) peak located at 456 nm and a high brightness of 223 cd m-2 with an EQE of 0.856%. The Commission Internationale del'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates are located at (0.21, 0.23) and the device lifetime with 65% brightness (T 65) reaches over 217 h because of the chemically inert surface of the CDs. The results mean the devices are the most stable CDs-LEDs reported to date. This work represents a novel route for the preparation of low cost, highly stable and very bright CDs-LEDs with a short wavelength emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Tianyu Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Han Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Hui Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zhenhui Kang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology Taipa 999078 Macau SAR China
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Wang Z, Jiang N, Liu M, Zhang R, Huang F, Chen D. Bright Electroluminescent White-Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Carbon Dots with Tunable Correlated Color Temperature Enabled by Aggregation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2104551. [PMID: 34729915 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) as one of the most promising carbon-based nanomaterials are inspiring extensive research in optoelectronic applications. White-light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) with tunable correlated color temperatures (CCTs) are crucial for applications in white lighting. However, the development of high-performance CDs-based electroluminescent WLEDs, especially those with adjustable CCTs, remains a challenge. Herein, white CDs-LEDs with CCTs from 2863 to 11 240 K are successfully demonstrated by utilizing aggregation-induced emission red-shifting and broadening of CDs. As a result, a series of warm white, pure white, and cold white CDs-LEDs are realized with adjustable emissions in sequence along the blackbody radiation curve. These CDs-LEDs reach maximum brightness and external quantum efficiency up to 1414-4917 cd m-2 and 0.08-0.87%, respectively, which is among the best performances of white CDs-LEDs. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that CCT-tunable white electroluminescent CDs-LEDs are demonstrated through controlling the aggregation degrees of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Wang
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Solar Energy Conversion and Energy Storage, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Naizhong Jiang
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Menglong Liu
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Ruidan Zhang
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Solar Energy Conversion and Energy Storage, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Feng Huang
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Solar Energy Conversion and Energy Storage, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Daqin Chen
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Solar Energy Conversion and Energy Storage, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, Fuzhou, 350117, China
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25
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Wan J, Zhang X, Fu K, Zhang X, Shang L, Su Z. Highly fluorescent carbon dots as novel theranostic agents for biomedical applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:17236-17253. [PMID: 34651156 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03740d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging fluorescent nanomaterial, carbon dots (CDs) exhibit many attractive physicochemical features, including excellent photoluminescence properties, good biocompatibility, low toxicity and the ability to maintain the unique properties of the raw material. Therefore, CDs have been intensively pursued for a wide range of applications, such as bioimaging, drug delivery, biosensors and antibacterial agents. In this review, we systematically summarize the synthesis methods of these CDs, their photoluminescence mechanisms, and the approaches for enhancing their fluorescence properties. Particularly, we summarize the recent research on the synthesis of CDs from drug molecules as raw materials and introduce the representative application aspects of these fascinating CDs. Finally, we look into the future direction of CDs in the biomedical field and discuss the challenges encountered in the current development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
| | - Kun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
| | - Li Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
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26
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Li Y, Liu C, An Y, Chen M, Zheng Y, Tian H, Shi R, He X, Lin X. Synthesis of color-tunable tannic acid-based carbon dots for multicolor/white light-emitting diodes. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04393e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multicolor luminescent carbon dots were successfully prepared by a solvothermal method using tannic acid (TA) and phthalaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Can Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yulong An
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Menglin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunwu Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Hao Tian
- Agro-products Processing Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiahong He
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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