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Gao JN, Bu A, Chen Y, Huang M, Chen Z, Li X, Tung CH, Wu LZ, Cong H. Synthesis of All-Benzene Multi-Macrocyclic Nanocarbons by Post-Functionalization of meta-Cycloparaphenylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408016. [PMID: 38828671 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Expanding the diversity of multi-macrocyclic nanocarbons, particularly those with all-benzene scaffolds, represents intriguing yet challenging synthetic tasks. Complementary to the existing synthetic approaches, here we report an efficient and modular post-functionalization strategy that employs iridium-catalyzed C-H borylation of the highly strained meta-cycloparaphenylenes (mCPPs) and an mCPP-derived catenane. Based on the functionalized macrocyclic synthons, a number of novel all-benzene topological structures including linear and cyclic chains, polycatenane, and pretzelane have been successfully prepared and characterized, thereby showcasing the synthetic utility and potential of the post-functionalization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Nan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - An Bu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Mianling Huang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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2
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Zhou Q, Xu Z, Li K, Tian X, Ye L, Sun Z. Synthesis and Properties of a Strained Triple Nanohoop. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202301131. [PMID: 38721778 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
A strained triple nanohoop with a shared central benzene unit is synthesized using a threefold intramolecular ring-closing approach. Among the five possible constitutional isomers, the isomer with the highest D3h symmetry is isolated, the structure of which contains three nanohoop blades and a central hexaphenylbenzene unit. The structure is elucidated using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The optical and electrochemical properties are investigated, revealing a moderate fluorescence quantum yield of 40 %. A water-soluble nanomaterial is prepared using a nanoparticle encapsulation method, and a fluorescence quantum yield of 10 % is retained, which demonstrates the potential of the nanomaterial in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhuofan Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Tian
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Lei Ye
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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3
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Zhou Y, Zhang X, Yuan B, Lu D, Zhuang GL, Du P. Enantiomerically Resolvable Inherent Chirality Induced by Strong Para-Steric Hindrance in Cycloparaphenylene-Based Carbon Nanohoops. Org Lett 2024; 26:5635-5639. [PMID: 38958212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The chemical modification of the achiral carbon nanohoops to break the symmetry will result in inherently chiral structures with interesting optical properties. Herein, we report two novel π-extended chiral macrocycles, cyclo[10]paraphenylene-pyrene ([10]CPP-2Pyrene) and cyclo[10]paraphenylene-hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene ([10]CPP-2HBC). The large substituents on the nanohoop peripheries effectively prevented free rotation and the racemization process. The conformation of each enantiomer is stable enough to be resolved by recycling HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dapeng Lu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Gui-Lin Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Fan Y, He J, Guo S, Jiang H. Host-Guest Chemistry in Binary and Ternary Complexes Utilizing π-Conjugated Carbon Nanorings. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300536. [PMID: 38123532 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The carbon nanorings, possessing a radial π system, have garnered significant attention primarily due to their size-dependent photophysical properties and the presence of a unique curved π-conjugated cavity. This is evidenced by the rapid proliferation of publications. Furthermore, the integration of building blocks into CPP skeletons can confer [n]CPPs with novel and exceptional photophysical and electronic characteristics, as well as chiral properties and host-guest interactions, thereby augmenting the diversity of [n]CPPs. Notably, the curved π surface structures and concave cavity of carbon nanorings enable them to host aromatic or non-aromatic guests with a complementarily curved surface, resulting in interesting binary or ternary complexes. This review provides a comprehensive treatment of literature reports on binary and ternary complexes, focusing on both their host-guest interactions and properties. It is important to note that the scope of this review is limited to host-guest chemistry in binary and ternary complexes based on π-conjugated carbon nanorings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Fan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jing He
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Shengzhu Guo
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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5
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Huang X, Gan PY, Gao FW, Su ZM. Tuning optical properties of π-conjugated double nanohoops under external electric field stimuli-responsiveness. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:8716-8723. [PMID: 38416055 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05504c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanorings have attracted substantial interest from synthetic chemists due to their unique topological structures and distinct physical properties. An intriguing π-conjugated double-nanoring structure, denoted as [8]CPP-[10]cyclacene, was constructed via the integration of [8]cycloparaphenylene ([8]CPP) into [10]cyclacene. Using the external electric field stimuli-responsiveness of [8]CPP-[10]cyclacene, directional charge transfer can be induced, resulting in the emergence of intriguing properties. The effects of the external electric field in three specific directions were explored, vertically in the [8]CPP unit (Fy), vertically in the [10]cyclacene unit (Fz), and horizontally along the double nanorings diameter (Fx). Interestingly, the external electric field vertically to the [10]cyclacene unit significantly enhanced the first hyperpolarizability (βtot) compared to that vertically to the [8]CPP unit. Notably, [8]CPP-[10]cyclacene under Fx exhibited significantly larger the βtot values (1.48 × 105 a.u.) than those of vertical Fy and Fz. This work opens up a wide range of nonlinear optics, making it a compelling area to explore in the field of carbon nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7989 Weixing Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ping-Yao Gan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7989 Weixing Road, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Feng-Wei Gao
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7989 Weixing Road, Changchun 130012, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Changchun University of Science and Technology, No. 618 Liangjiang Avenue, Longxing Town, Yubei District, Chongqing City 401135, China.
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7989 Weixing Road, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Chang X, Xu Y, von Delius M. Recent advances in supramolecular fullerene chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:47-83. [PMID: 37853792 PMCID: PMC10759306 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00937d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene chemistry has come a long way since 1990, when the first bulk production of C60 was reported. In the past decade, progress in supramolecular chemistry has opened some remarkable and previously unexpected opportunities regarding the selective (multiple) functionalization of fullerenes and their (self)assembly into larger structures and frameworks. The purpose of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of these recent developments. We describe how macrocycles and cages that bind strongly to C60 can be used to block undesired addition patterns and thus allow the selective preparation of single-isomer addition products. We also discuss how the emergence of highly shape-persistent macrocycles has opened opportunities for the study of photoactive fullerene dyads and triads as well as the preparation of mechanically interlocked compounds. The preparation of two- or three-dimensional fullerene materials is another research area that has seen remarkable progress over the past few years. Due to the rapidly decreasing price of C60 and C70, we believe that these achievements will translate into all fields where fullerenes have traditionally (third-generation solar cells) and more recently been applied (catalysis, spintronics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmao Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany.
| | - Youzhi Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany.
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7
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Stasyuk OA, Voityuk AA, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Inclusion Complexes of Carbon Nanohoops. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:37-46. [PMID: 38103043 PMCID: PMC10765372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusPhotoinduced electron transfer (PET) in carbon materials is a process of great importance in light energy conversion. Carbon materials, such as fullerenes, graphene flakes, carbon nanotubes, and cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs), have unusual electronic properties that make them interesting objects for PET research. These materials can be used as electron-hole transport layers, electrode materials, or passivation additives in photovoltaic devices. Moreover, their appropriate combination opens up new possibilities for constructing photoactive supramolecular systems with efficient charge transfer between the donor and acceptor parts. CPPs build a class of molecules consisting of para-linked phenylene rings. CPPs and their numerous derivatives are appealing building blocks in supramolecular chemistry, acting as suitable concave receptors with strong host-guest interactions for the convex surfaces of fullerenes. Efficient PET in donor-acceptor systems can be observed when charge separation occurs faster than charge recombination. This Account focuses on selected inclusion complexes of carbon nanohoops studied by our group. We modeled charge separation and charge recombination in both previously synthesized and computationally designed complexes to identify how various modifications of host and guest molecules affect the PET efficiency in these systems. A consistent computational protocol we used includes a time-dependent density-functional theory (TD-DFT) formalism with the Tamm-Dancoff approximation (TDA) and CAM-B3LYP functional to carry out excited state calculations and the nonadiabatic electron transfer theory to estimate electron-transfer rates. We show how the photophysical properties of carbon nanohoops can be modified by incorporating additional π-conjugated fragments and antiaromatic units, multiple fluorine substitutions, and extending the overall π-electron system. Incorporating π-conjugated groups or linkers is accompanied by the appearance of new charge transfer states. Perfluorination of the nanohoops radically changes their role in charge separation from an electron donor to an electron acceptor. Vacancy defects in π-extended nanohoops are shown to hinder PET between host and guest molecules, while large fully conjugated π-systems improve the electron-donor properties of nanohoops. We also highlight the role of antiaromatic structural units in tuning the electronic properties of nanohoops. Depending on the aromaticity degree of monomeric units in nanohoops, the direction of electron transfer in their complexes with C60 fullerene can be altered. Nanohoops with aromatic units usually act as electron donors, while those with antiaromatic monomers serve as electron acceptors. Finally, we discuss why charged fullerenes are better electron acceptors than neutral C60 and how the charge location allows for the design of more efficient donor-acceptor systems with an unusual hypsochromic shift of the charge transfer band in polar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Stasyuk
- Institute of Computational
Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alexander A. Voityuk
- Institute of Computational
Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anton J. Stasyuk
- Institute of Computational
Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institute of Computational
Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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Li P, Jia Y, Chen P. Design and Synthesis of New Type of Macrocyclic Architectures Used for Optoelectronic Materials and Supramolecular Chemistry. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300300. [PMID: 37439485 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry has received much attention for decades. Macrocyclic architectures as representative receptors play a vital role in supramolecular chemistry and are applied in many fields such as supramolecular assembly and host-guest recognition. However, the classical macrocycles generally lack functional groups in the scaffolds, which limit their further applications, especially in optoelectronic materials. Therefore, developing a new design principle is not only essential to better understand macrocyclic chemistry and the supramolecular behaviors, but also further expand their applications in many research fields. In recent years, the doping compounds with main-group heteroatoms (B, N, S, O, P) into the carbon-based π-conjugated macrocycles offered a new strategy to build macrocyclic architectures with unique optoelectronic properties. In particular, the energy gaps and redox behavior can be effectively tuned by incorporating heteroatoms into the macrocyclic scaffolds. In this Minireview, we briefly summarize the design and synthesis of new macrocycles, and further discuss the related applications in optoelectronic materials and supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yawei Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
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9
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Chen XL, Yu SQ, Huang XH, Gong HY. Bismacrocycle: Structures and Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:6043. [PMID: 37630294 PMCID: PMC10458016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past half-century, macrocycles with different structures and functions, have played a critical role in supramolecular chemistry. Two macrocyclic moieties can be linked to form bismacrocycle molecules. Compared with monomacrocycle, the unique structures of bismacrocycles led to their specific recognition and assembly properties, also a wide range of applications, including molecular recognition, supramolecular self-assembly, advanced optical material construction, etc. In this review, we focus on the structure of bismacrocycle and their applications. Our goal is to summarize and outline the possible future development directions of bismacrocycle research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Lang Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China; (S.-Q.Y.); (X.-H.H.)
| | - Si-Qian Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China; (S.-Q.Y.); (X.-H.H.)
| | - Xiao-Huan Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China; (S.-Q.Y.); (X.-H.H.)
| | - Han-Yuan Gong
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Fang P, Chen M, Yin N, Zhuang G, Chen T, Zhang X, Du P. Regulating supramolecular interactions in dimeric macrocycles. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5425-5430. [PMID: 37234903 PMCID: PMC10207885 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00035d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular behavior is highly dependent on many factors, including complicated microenvironments and weak interactions. Herein, we describe tuning supramolecular architectures of rigid macrocycles by synergistic effects of their geometric configurations, sizes, and guests. Two paraphenylene-based macrocycles are anchored onto different positions in a triphenylene derivative, resulting in dimeric macrocycles with different shapes and configurations. Interestingly, these dimeric macrocycles show tunable supramolecular interactions with guests. In solid state, a 2 : 1 host-guest complex was observed between 1a and C60/C70, while an unusual 2 : 3 host-guest complex 3C60@(1b)2 can be observed between 1b and C60. This work expands the scope of the synthesis of novel rigid bismacrocycles and provides a new strategy to construct different supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Fang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 Guangdong Province China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 Anhui Province China
| | - Muqing Chen
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 Guangdong Province China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 Anhui Province China
| | - Nan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 Anhui Province China
| | - Guilin Zhuang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology 18 Chaowang Road Hangzhou 310032 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Tianyun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 Anhui Province China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 Anhui Province China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 Anhui Province China
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11
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Hou B, Li K, He H, Hu J, Xu Z, Xiang Q, Wang P, Chen X, Sun Z. Stable Crystalline Nanohoop Radical and Its Self-Association Promoted by van der Waals Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301046. [PMID: 36754831 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
A stable nanohoop radical (OR3) combining the structures of cycloparaphenylene and an olympicenyl radical is synthesized and isolated in the crystalline state. X-ray crystallographic analysis reveals that OR3 forms a unique head-to-tail dimer that further aggregates into a one-dimensional chain in the solid state. Variable-temperature NMR and concentration-dependent absorption measurements indicate that the π-dimer is not formed in solution. An energy decomposition analysis indicates that van der Waals interactions are the driving force for the self-association process, in contrast with other olympicenyl derivatives that favor π-dimerization. The physical properties in solution phase have been studied, and the stable cationic species obtained by one-electron chemical oxidation. This study offers a new molecular design to modulate the self-association of organic radicals for overcoming the spin-Peierls transition, and to prepare novel nanohoop compounds with spin-related properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxia Hou
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Huijie He
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhuofan Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin university, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
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12
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Zhu M, Zhou Q, Cheng H, Sha Y, Bregadze VI, Yan H, Sun Z, Li X. Boron-Cluster Embedded Necklace-Shaped Nanohoops. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213470. [PMID: 36203221 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The combination of carbon-based nanohoops with other functional organic molecular structures should lead to the design of new molecular configurations with interesting properties. Here, necklace-like nanohoops embedded with carborane were synthesized for the first time. The unique deboronization of o-carborane has led to the facile preparation of ionic nanohoop compounds. Nanohoops functionalized by nido-o-carborane show excellent fluorescence emission, with a solution quantum yield of up to 90.0 % in THF and a solid-state quantum efficiency of 87.3 %, which opens an avenue for the applications of the nanohoops in OLEDs and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - He Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ye Sha
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Vladimir I Bregadze
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS) Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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13
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Wei Y, Zhou P, Chen X, Bao Q, Xie L. Research Progress on Organic Nanohoops/Nanogrids. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/a22110480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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14
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Pavlović RZ, Zhiquan L, Finnegan TJ, Waudby CA, Wang X, Gunawardana VWL, Zhu X, Wong CM, Hamby T, Moore CE, Hoefer N, McComb DW, Sevov CS, Badjić JD. Closed Aromatic Tubes-Capsularenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211304. [PMID: 35981224 PMCID: PMC9825917 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we describe a synthetic method for incorporating arenes into closed tubes that we name capsularenes. First, we prepared vase-shaped molecular baskets 4-7. The baskets comprise a benzene base fused to three bicycle[2.2.1]heptane rings that extend into phthalimide (4), naphthalimide (6), and anthraceneimide sides (7), each carrying a dimethoxyethane acetal group. In the presence of catalytic trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), the acetals at top of 4, 6 and 7 change into aliphatic aldehydes followed by their intramolecular cyclization into 1,3,5-trioxane (1 H NMR spectroscopy). Such ring closure is nearly a quantitative process that furnishes differently sized capsularenes 1 (0.7×0.9 nm), 8 (0.7×1.1 nm;) and 9 (0.7×1.4 nm;) characterized by X-Ray crystallography, microcrystal electron diffraction, UV/Vis, fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry, and thermogravimetry. With exceptional rigidity, unique topology, great thermal stability, and perhaps tuneable optoelectronic characteristics, capsularenes hold promise for the construction of novel organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslav Z. Pavlović
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Lei Zhiquan
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Tyler J. Finnegan
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | | | - Xiuze Wang
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | | | - Xingrong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Curt M. Wong
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Taylor Hamby
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Nicole Hoefer
- Center for Electron Microscopy and AnalysisThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - David W. McComb
- Center for Electron Microscopy and AnalysisThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA,Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Christo S. Sevov
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Jovica D. Badjić
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
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15
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Pavlović RZ, Zhiquan L, Finnegan TJ, Waudby CA, Wang X, Gunawardana VWL, Zhu X, Wong CM, Hamby T, Moore CE, Hoefer N, McComb DW, Sevov CS, Badjic JD. Closed Aromatic Tubes ‐ Capsularenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Zhiquan
- The Ohio State University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | | | - Xiuze Wang
- The Ohio State University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | - Xingrong Zhu
- The Ohio State University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Curt M. Wong
- The Ohio State University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Taylor Hamby
- The Ohio State University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- The Ohio State University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Nicole Hoefer
- The Ohio State University Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis UNITED STATES
| | - David W McComb
- The Ohio State University Material Science and Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Christo S. Sevov
- The Ohio State University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Jovica D Badjic
- Ohio State University Department of Chemistry 100 W. 18th Avenue 43210 Columbus UNITED STATES
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16
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Fang P, Chen M, Zhang X, Du P. Selective synthesis and (chir)optical properties of binaphthyl-based chiral carbon macrocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8278-8281. [PMID: 35790128 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01242a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the selective synthesis, characterization, and photophysical properties of two novel chiral carbon macrocycles. Non-planar (S)-2,2'-bis(methoxymethoxy)-1,1'-binaphthalene was introduced into the scaffold of oligo-paraphenylenes to achieve the chirality in these macrocycles. Their photophysical properties were investigated by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopies, as well as circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence spectroscopies. We demonstrate that the emission maxima of the chiral macrocycles are redshifted compared to chiral binaphthyl units and that macrocycles show chiroptical properties (|glum| > 1.0 × 10-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Fang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China.
| | - Muqing Chen
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, 523808, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China.
| | - Pingwu Du
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China.
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17
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Zhang X, Liu H, Zhuang G, Yang S, Du P. An unexpected dual-emissive luminogen with tunable aggregation-induced emission and enhanced chiroptical property. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3543. [PMID: 35729154 PMCID: PMC9213505 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31281-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the literature, organic materials with both aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effects that can emit with multiple bands both in the solution and aggregated state are rarely reported. Herein we report a novel chiral dual-emissive bismacrocycle with tunable aggregation-induced emission colors. A facile four-step synthesis strategy is developed to construct this rigid bismacrocycle, (1,4)[8]cycloparaphenylenophane (SCPP[8]), which possesses a 1,2,4,5-tetraphenylbenzene core locked by two intersecting polyphenylene-based macrocycles. The luminescent behavior of SCPP[8] shows the unique characteristics of both ACQ effect and AIE effect, inducing remarkable redshift emission with near white-light emission. SCPP[8] is configurationally stable and possesses a novel shape-persistent bismacrocycle scaffold with a high strain energy. In addition, SCPP[8] displays enhanced circularly polarized luminescence properties due to AIE effect. Organic materials with both aggregation induced emission (AIE) and aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effects that can emit with multiple wavelengths in the solution and aggregated state are rarely reported. Here, the authors report a chiral dual-emissive bismacrocycle which shows the unique ACQ and AIE effects inducing redshift emission with near white-light emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
| | - Huiqing Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China
| | - Guilin Zhuang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310032, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China.
| | - Pingwu Du
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, China.
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18
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Zhan L, Dai C, Zhang G, Zhu J, Zhang S, Wang H, Zeng Y, Tung C, Wu L, Cong H. A Conjugated Figure‐of‐Eight Oligoparaphenylene Nanohoop with Adaptive Cavities Derived from Cyclooctatetrathiophene Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chenshu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Shaoguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Hua Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chen‐Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Li‐Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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19
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Macleod-Carey D, Muñoz-Castro A. Enabling dual aromaticity in fused nanobelts: evaluation of the magnetic behavior of fused [10]CPP units. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:26701-26707. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03667c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cyclo-para-phenylene (CPP) nanobelt structures with curved π-surfaces are of relevance in the development of desirable building units for materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Macleod-Carey
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux, Santiago 2801, Chile
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago, 8420524, Chile
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20
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Li K, Xu Z, Xu J, Weng T, Chen X, Sato S, Wu J, Sun Z. Overcrowded Ethylene-Bridged Nanohoop Dimers: Regioselective Synthesis, Multiconfigurational Electronic States, and Global Hückel/Möbius Aromaticity. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20419-20430. [PMID: 34817177 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The design and preparation of molecular systems with multiple geometric and electronic configurations are the cornerstones for multifunctional materials with stimuli-responsive behaviors. We describe here the regioselective and facile synthesis of two types of overcrowded ethylene-bridged nanohoop dimers, with folded and twisted geometric structures as well as closed-shell, diradical and dication electronic structures. The strained nanohoop structures have a profound effect on the overall molecular and electronic configurations, which resulted in the destabilized diradical state. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed the folded molecular geometry for the neutral species and twisted geometry for the dication species. The unique molecular dynamics, optical properties, and dynamic redox properties were disclosed in the solution phase by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. Furthermore, the global Hückel and Möbius aromaticity were revealed by a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches. Our studies shed light on the design of nanohoop-incorporated multiconfigurational materials with unique topologies and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhuofan Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Taoyu Weng
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
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21
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Zhan L, Dai C, Zhang G, Zhu J, Zhang S, Wang H, Zeng Y, Tung CH, Wu LZ, Cong H. A Conjugated Figure-of-Eight Oligoparaphenylene Nanohoop with Adaptive Cavities Derived from Cyclooctatetrathiophene Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113334. [PMID: 34817926 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A fully conjugated figure-of-eight nanohoop is presented with facile synthesis. The molecule's lemniscular skeleton features the combination of two strained oligoparaphenylene loops and a flexible cyclooctatetrathiophene core. Its rigid yet guest-adaptive cavities enable the formation of the peanut-like 1:2 host-guest complexes with C60 or C70 , which have been confirmed by X-ray crystallography and characterized in solution. Further computational studies suggest notable geometric variations and non-covalent interactions of the cavities upon binding with different fullerenes, as well as overall conjugation comparable to cycloparaphenylenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chenshu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shaoguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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22
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Wang J, Zhang X, Jia H, Wang S, Du P. Large π-Extended and Curved Carbon Nanorings as Carbon Nanotube Segments. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:4178-4190. [PMID: 34713698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusDesigning and synthesizing topologically unique molecules is a long-term challenge for synthetic chemists. Classical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of π-conjugated planar organic compounds with rich photophysical and electronic properties, while nonplanar/curved PAHs have different molecular orbital arrangements and demonstrate unique properties. The chemistry of curved aromatic molecules has been of significant interest to explore the relationship between π conjugation and molecular geometry, which offers an attractive combination of fundamental problems, potential applications, and aesthetic appeal. Remarkable advances have been made in the last few decades during the discovery of novel curved aromatic molecules, including corannulenes, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Especially, there has been increasing interest in making single-chirality CNTs and their curved molecular components (known as finite segments of CNTs) with a fixed geometry. The most representative examples of such organic molecules are cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) and related carbon nanorings, which possess cylindrical topologies and nanoscale conjugated segments similar to CNTs. CPPs, as the shortest cross-section and the simplest structure of armchair CNTs, have been synthetically accessible since 2008. Recent years have witnessed breakthroughs and rapid development in the synthesis of CPP-based nanorings as well as their derived molecules. In these molecules, the distortion from aromatic planarity can induce radially oriented π systems and further affect their electronic, optical, self-assembly, and charge-transport characteristics. These unique and interesting carbon nanorings are potentially useful in a variety of optoelectronic and biomedical materials. It is well-known that extension of the π-conjugated system facilitates the delocalization of π electrons and the redistribution of electronic clouds, leading to rich diversification of physical properties in the fields of electronics, optics, and supramolecular chemistry. Therefore, the precise design and controllable synthesis of carbon nanorings with large π conjugation will promote important advances in synthetic chemistry. To date, a number of π-extended carbon nanorings have been reported, and they exhibit novel physicochemical properties resulting from their fascinating topologies and structures. However, challenges still remain in the synthesis of π-extended carbon nanorings and their structural analogues and exploration of their unique properties.In this Account, we give a brief overview of our efforts to synthesize large π-extended carbon nanorings using different strategies and explore their novel applications. In 2013 we started our research on the synthesis of carbon nanorings with large π-conjugated structures. This research project has led to (i) the successful preparation of a series of carbon nanorings with inserted PAHs, especially with various nanographenes inserted, such as hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene; (ii) the design and synthesis of a series of carbon nanorings consisting solely of PAHs; and (iii) the initial synthesis of π-extended carbon-nanoring-based polymers as the long polymeric segments of CNTs, in which macrocyclic CPPs as the basic repeating blocks were covalently coupled together. Herein we describe in detail how these challenging π-extended carbon nanorings were synthesized, and their interesting physical properties are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hongxing Jia
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shengda Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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23
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Yang Y, Juríček M. Fullerene Wires Assembled Inside Carbon Nanohoops. Chempluschem 2021; 87:e202100468. [PMID: 34825520 PMCID: PMC9298906 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-nanohoop structures featuring one or more round-shaped cavities represent ideal supramolecular hosts for spherical fullerenes, with potential to form host-guest complexes that perform as organic semiconductors in the solid state. Due to the tight complexation between the shape-complementary hosts and guests, carbon nanohoops have the potential to shield fullerenes from water and oxygen, known to perturb the electron-transport process. Many nanohoop receptors have been found to form host-guest complexes with fullerenes. However, there is only a little or no control over the long-range order of encapsulated fullerenes in the solid state. Consequently, the potential of these complexes to perform as organic semiconductors is rarely evaluated. Herein, we present a survey of all known nanohoop-fullerene complexes, for which the solid-state structures were obtained. We discuss and propose instances where the inclusion fullerene guests form discrete supramolecular wires, which might open up possibilities for their use in electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
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24
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Yang Y, Huangfu S, Sato S, Juríček M. Cycloparaphenylene Double Nanohoop: Structure, Lamellar Packing, and Encapsulation of C 60 in the Solid State. Org Lett 2021; 23:7943-7948. [PMID: 34558903 PMCID: PMC8524662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new member of the cycloparaphenylene double-nanohoop family was synthesized. Its π-framework features two oval cavities that display different shapes depending on the crystallization conditions. Incorporation of the peropyrene bridge within the nanoring cycles via bay-regions alleviates steric effects and thus allows 1:1 complexation with C60 in the solid state. This nanocarbon adopts a lamellar packing motif, and our results suggest that the structural adjustment of this double nanohoop could enable its use in supramolecular and semiconductive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shangxiong Huangfu
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Sun Z, Li K. Recent Advances in Dimeric Cycloparaphenylenes as Nanotube Fragments. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1534-3103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSince the discovery of cycloparaphenylenes in 2008, the chemical synthesis of more-complicated molecular systems with curved π-surfaces has been vigorously sought, giving rise to a plethora of new exciting molecules with various topologies and functions. This Synpacts article briefly summarizes recent examples of carbon nanohoop dimers, highlighting three examples as nanotube fragments. Their synthesis, isomerization, photophysical properties, and host–guest chemistry are discussed.1 Introduction2 Synthetic Strategy toward Nanotube Dimers3 Isomerization Dynamics of Nanotube Dimers4 Photophysical Properties of Nanotube Dimers5 Host–Guest Chemistry of Nanotube Dimers6 Conclusions
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