1
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Niu Y, Yu Y, Shi X, Fu F, Yang H, Mu Q, Crespy D, Landfester K, Jiang S. In Situ Measurement of Nanoparticle-Blood Protein Adsorption and Its Heterogeneity with Single-Nanoparticle Resolution via Dual Fluorescence Quantification. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 39037031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The formation of a protein corona gives nanomedicines a distinct biological identity, profoundly influencing their fate in the body. Nonspecific nanoparticle-protein interactions are typically highly heterogeneous, which can lead to unique biological behaviors and in vivo fates for individual nanoparticles that remain underexplored. To address this, we have established an in situ approach that allows quantitative examination of nanoparticle-protein adsorption at the individual nanoparticle level. This method integrates dual fluorescence quantification techniques, wherein the nanoparticles are first individually analyzed via nanoflow cytometry to detect fluorescent signals from adsorbed proteins. The obtained fluorescence intensity is then translated into protein quantities through calibration with microplate reader quantification. Consequently, this approach enables analysis of interparticle heterogeneity of nano-protein interactions, as well as in situ monitoring of protein adsorption kinetics and nanoparticle aggregation status in blood serum, preconditioning for a comprehensive understanding of nano-bio interactions, and predicting in vivo fate of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yingjie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xinyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Fangqin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hai Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Qiang Mu
- The First Department of Breast Surgery, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Daniel Crespy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
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2
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Gao Y, Huang Y, Ren C, Chou P, Wu C, Pan X, Quan G, Huang Z. Looking back, moving forward: protein corona of lipid nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5573-5588. [PMID: 38757190 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00186a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are commonly employed for drug delivery owing to their considerable drug-loading capacity, low toxicity, and excellent biocompatibility. Nevertheless, the formation of protein corona (PC) on their surfaces significantly influences the drug's in vivo fate (such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination) upon administration. PC denotes the phenomenon wherein one or multiple strata of proteins adhere to the external interface of nanoparticles (NPs) or microparticles within the biological milieu, encompassing ex vivo fluids (e.g., serum-containing culture media) and in vivo fluids (such as blood and tissue fluids). Hence, it is essential to claim the PC formation behaviors and mechanisms on the surface of LNPs. This overview provided a comprehensive examination of crucial aspects related to such issues, encompassing time evolution, controllability, and their subsequent impacts on LNPs. Classical studies of PC generation on the surface of LNPs were additionally integrated, and its decisive role in shaping the in vivo fate of LNPs was explored. The mechanisms underlying PC formation, including the adsorption theory and alteration theory, were introduced to delve into the formation process. Subsequently, the existing experimental outcomes were synthesized to offer insights into the research and application facets of PC, and it was concluded that the manipulation of PC held substantial promise in the realm of targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Yeqi Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Chuanyu Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Peiwen Chou
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Guilan Quan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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3
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Wang J, Xu Y, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Jia J, Jiao P, Liu Y, Su G. Modulating the toxicity of engineered nanoparticles by controlling protein corona formation: Recent advances and future prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169590. [PMID: 38154635 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development and widespread application of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), understanding the fundamental interactions between ENPs and biological systems is essential to assess and predict the fate of ENPs in vivo. When ENPs are exposed to complex physiological environments, biomolecules quickly and inevitably adsorb to ENPs to form a biomolecule corona, such as a protein corona (PC). The formed PC has a significant effect on the physicochemical properties of ENPs and gives them a brand new identity in the biological environment, which determines the subsequent ENP-cell/tissue/organ interactions. Controlling the formation of PCs is therefore of utmost importance to accurately predict and optimize the behavior of ENPs within living organisms, as well as ensure the safety of their applications. In this review, we provide an overview of the fundamental aspects of the PC, including the formation mechanism, composition, and frequently used characterization techniques. We comprehensively discuss the potential impact of the PC on ENP toxicity, including cytotoxicity, immune response, and so on. Additionally, we summarize recent advancements in manipulating PC formation on ENPs to achieve the desired biological outcomes. We further discuss the challenges and prospects, aiming to provide valuable insights for a better understanding and prediction of ENP behaviors in vivo, as well as the development of low-toxicity ENPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yuhang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Digestive Diseases Center, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 510001, China; Center for Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510001 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Jia
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peifu Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Gaoxing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
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4
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Jiang K, Yu Y, Qiu W, Tian K, Guo Z, Qian J, Lu H, Zhan C. Protein corona on brain targeted nanocarriers: Challenges and prospects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 202:115114. [PMID: 37827336 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Safe and efficient medical therapy for brain diseases is still an unmet clinical need due to various barriers represented by the blood-brain barrier. Well-designed brain targeted nanocarriers are potential solutions for enhanced brain drug delivery; however, the complicated in vivo process attenuates performance of nanocarriers, which severely hampers clinical translation. The formation of protein corona (PC) is inevitable for nanocarriers circulation and transport in biofluids, acting as an important factor to regulate in vivo performance of nanocarriers. In this review, the reported strategies have been retrospected for better understanding current situation in developing brain targeted nanocarriers. The interplay between brain targeted nanocarriers and plasma proteins is emphasized to comprehend how the nanocarriers adsorb proteins by certain synthetic identity, and following regulations on in vivo performance of nanocarriers. More importantly, the mainstream methods to promote efficiency of nanocarriers by regulating PC, defined as in vitro functionalization and in vivo functionalization strategies, are also discussed. Finally, viewpoints about future development of brain targeted nanocarriers according to the understanding on nanocarriers-PC interaction are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Jiang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital & Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Yifei Yu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital & Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital & Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Kaisong Tian
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital & Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Guo
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital & Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center & School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, PR China
| | - Huiping Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center & School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, PR China.
| | - Changyou Zhan
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital & Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center & School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, PR China.
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5
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Dolci M, Wang Y, Nooteboom SW, Soto Rodriguez PED, Sánchez S, Albertazzi L, Zijlstra P. Real-Time Optical Tracking of Protein Corona Formation on Single Nanoparticles in Serum. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20167-20178. [PMID: 37802067 PMCID: PMC10604089 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The formation of a protein corona, where proteins spontaneously adhere to the surface of nanomaterials in biological environments, leads to changes in their physicochemical properties and subsequently affects their intended biomedical functionalities. Most current methods to study protein corona formation are ensemble-averaging and either require fluorescent labeling, washing steps, or are only applicable to specific types of particles. Here we introduce real-time all-optical nanoparticle analysis by scattering microscopy (RONAS) to track the formation of protein corona in full serum, at the single-particle level, without any labeling. RONAS uses optical scattering microscopy and enables real-time and in situ tracking of protein adsorption on metallic and dielectric nanoparticles with different geometries directly in blood serum. We analyzed the adsorbed protein mass, the affinity, and the kinetics of the protein adsorption at the single particle level. While there is a high degree of heterogeneity from particle to particle, the predominant factor in protein adsorption is surface chemistry rather than the underlying nanoparticle material or size. RONAS offers an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms related to protein coronas and, thus, enables the development of strategies to engineer efficient bionanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Dolci
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Yuyang Wang
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd W. Nooteboom
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Samuel Sánchez
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for
Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys,
23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Peter Zijlstra
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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6
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Xing Z, Gou X, Jiang LP, Zhu JJ, Ma C. An In Situ Investigation of the Protein Corona Formation Kinetics of Single Nanomedicine Carriers by Self-Regulated Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308950. [PMID: 37553293 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein coronas are present extensively at the bio-nano interface due to the natural adsorption of proteins onto nanomaterials in biological fluids. Aside from the robust property of nanoparticles, the dynamics of the protein corona shell largely define their chemical identity by altering interface properties. However, the soft coronas are normally complex and rapidly changing. To real-time monitor the entire formation, we report here a self-regulated electrochemiluminescence (ECL) microscopy based on the interaction of the Ru(bpy)3 3+ with the nanoparticle surface. Thus, the heterogeneity of the protein corona is in situ observed in single nanoparticle "cores" before and after loading drugs in nanomedicine carriers. The label-free, optical stable and dynamic ECL microscopy minimize misinterpretations caused by the variation of nanoparticle size and polydispersity. Accordingly, the synergetic actions of proteins and nanoparticles properties are uncovered by chemically engineered protein corona. After comparing the protein corona formation kinetics in different complex systems and different nanomedicine carriers, the universality and accuracy of this technique were well demonstrated via the protein corona formation kinetics curves regulated by competitive adsorption of Ru(bpy)3 3+ and multiple proteins on surface of various carriers. The work is of great significance for studying bio-nano interface in drug delivery and targeted cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejing Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 225002, Yangzhou, P. R. China
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7
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Tian M, Zhu Y, Guan W, Lu C. Quantitative Measurement of Drug Release Dynamics within Targeted Organelles Using Förster Resonance Energy Transfer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2206866. [PMID: 37026420 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Measuring the release dynamics of drug molecules after their delivery to the target organelle is critical to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects. However, it remains challenging to quantitatively monitor subcellular drug release in real time. To address the knowledge gap, a novel gemini fluorescent surfactant capable of forming mitochondria-targeted and redox-responsive nanocarriers is designed. A quantitative Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) platform is fabricated using this mitochondria-anchored fluorescent nanocarrier as a FRET donor and fluorescent drugs as a FRET acceptor. The FRET platform enables real-time measurement of drug release from organelle-targeted nanocarriers. Moreover, the obtained drug release dynamics can evaluate the duration of drug release at the subcellular level, which established a new quantitative method for organelle-targeted drug release. This quantitative FRET platform can compensate for the absent assessment of the targeted release performances of nanocarriers, offering in-depth understanding of the drug release behaviors at the subcellular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingce Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yaping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Weijiang Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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8
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Nienhaus K, Nienhaus GU. Mechanistic Understanding of Protein Corona Formation around Nanoparticles: Old Puzzles and New Insights. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2301663. [PMID: 37010040 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Although a wide variety of nanoparticles (NPs) have been engineered for use as disease markers or drug delivery agents, the number of nanomedicines in clinical use has hitherto remained small. A key obstacle in nanomedicine development is the lack of a deep mechanistic understanding of NP interactions in the bio-environment. Here, the focus is on the biomolecular adsorption layer (protein corona), which quickly enshrouds a pristine NP exposed to a biofluid and modifies the way the NP interacts with the bio-environment. After a brief introduction of NPs for nanomedicine, proteins, and their mutual interactions, research aimed at addressing fundamental properties of the protein corona, specifically its mono-/multilayer structure, reversibility and irreversibility, time dependence, as well as its role in NP agglomeration, is critically reviewed. It becomes quite evident that the knowledge of the protein corona is still fragmented, and conflicting results on fundamental issues call for further mechanistic studies. The article concludes with a discussion of future research directions that should be taken to advance the understanding of the protein corona around NPs. This knowledge will provide NP developers with the predictive power to account for these interactions in the design of efficacious nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Nienhaus
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76049, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76049, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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9
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Ortiz-Orruño U, Quidant R, van Hulst NF, Liebel M, Ortega Arroyo J. Simultaneous Sizing and Refractive Index Analysis of Heterogeneous Nanoparticle Suspensions. ACS NANO 2023; 17:221-229. [PMID: 36525614 PMCID: PMC9835976 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and reliable characterization of heterogeneous nanoparticle suspensions is a key technology across the nanosciences. Although approaches exist for homogeneous samples, they are often unsuitable for polydisperse suspensions, as particles of different sizes and compositions can lead to indistinguishable signals at the detector. Here, we introduce holographic nanoparticle tracking analysis, holoNTA, as a straightforward methodology that decouples size and material refractive index contributions. HoloNTA is applicable to any heterogeneous nanoparticle sample and has the sensitivity to measure the intrinsic heterogeneity of the sample. Specifically, we combined high dynamic range k-space imaging with holographic 3D single-particle tracking. This strategy enables long-term tracking by extending the imaging volume and delivers precise and accurate estimates of both scattering amplitude and diffusion coefficient of individual nanoparticles, from which particle refractive index and hydrodynamic size are determined. We specifically demonstrate, by simulations and experiments, that irrespective of localization uncertainty and size, the sizing sensitivity is improved as our extended detection volume yields considerably longer particle trajectories than previously reported by comparable technologies. As validation, we measured both homogeneous and heterogeneous suspensions of nanoparticles in the 40-250 nm size range and further monitored protein corona formation, where we identified subtle differences between the nanoparticle-protein complexes derived from avidin, bovine serum albumin, and streptavidin. We foresee that our approach will find many applications of both fundamental and applied nature where routine quantification and sizing of nanoparticles are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unai Ortiz-Orruño
- ICFO,
Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science
and Technology, Castelldefels08860, Spain
| | - Romain Quidant
- Nanophotonic
Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich8092, Switzerland
| | - Niek F. van Hulst
- ICFO,
Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science
and Technology, Castelldefels08860, Spain
- ICREA,
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona08010, Spain
| | - Matz Liebel
- ICFO,
Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science
and Technology, Castelldefels08860, Spain
| | - Jaime Ortega Arroyo
- Nanophotonic
Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich8092, Switzerland
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10
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Niver AJ, Welsher KD. Combined online Bayesian and windowed estimation of background and signal localization facilitates active-feedback particle tracking in complex environments. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:184108. [PMID: 36379789 PMCID: PMC9652022 DOI: 10.1063/5.0118317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite successes in tracking single molecules in vitro, the extension of active-feedback single-particle methods to tracking rapidly diffusing and unconfined proteins in live cells has not been realized. Since the existing active-feedback localization methods localize particles in real time assuming zero background, they are ill-suited to track in the inhomogeneous background environment of a live cell. Here, we develop a windowed estimation of signal and background levels using recent data to estimate the current particle brightness and background intensity. These estimates facilitate recursive Bayesian position estimation, improving upon current Kalman-based localization methods. Combined, online Bayesian and windowed estimation of background and signal (COBWEBS) surpasses existing 2D localization methods. Simulations demonstrate improved localization accuracy and responsivity in a homogeneous background for selected particle and background intensity combinations. Improved or similar performance of COBWEBS tracking extends to the majority of signal and background combinations explored. Furthermore, improved tracking durations are demonstrated in the presence of heterogeneous backgrounds for multiple particle intensities, diffusive speeds, and background patterns. COBWEBS can accurately track particles in the presence of high and nonuniform backgrounds, including intensity changes of up to three times the particle's intensity, making it a prime candidate for advancing active-feedback single fluorophore tracking to the cellular interior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia J. Niver
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Kevin D. Welsher
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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11
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Baimanov D, Wang J, Zhang J, Liu K, Cong Y, Shi X, Zhang X, Li Y, Li X, Qiao R, Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Wang L, Chen C. In situ analysis of nanoparticle soft corona and dynamic evolution. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5389. [PMID: 36104325 PMCID: PMC9474507 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
How soft corona, the protein corona’s outer layer, contributes to biological identity of nanomaterials is largely because capturing protein composition of the soft corona in situ remains challenging. We herein develop an in situ Fishing method that can monitor the dynamic formation of protein corona on ultra-small chiral Cu2S nanoparticles (NPs) allowing us to directly separate and identify the corona protein composition. Our method detects spatiotemporal processes in the evolution of hard and soft coronas on chiral NPs, revealing subtle differences in NP − protein interactions even within several minutes. This study highlights the importance of in situ and dynamic analysis of soft/hard corona, provides insights into the role of soft corona in mediating biological responses of NPs, and offers a universal strategy to characterize soft corona to guide the rational design of biomedical nanomaterials. Characterizing the soft protein corona on nanoparticles i.e. the outer layer of the corona, remains a longstanding challenge. Here, the authors develop an in situ method to monitor the dynamic processes of multilayered corona formation and evolution that offers a universal strategy to characterize the soft corona proteome.
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12
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Yu D, Garcia A, Blum SA, Welsher KD. Growth Kinetics of Single Polymer Particles in Solution via Active-Feedback 3D Tracking. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14698-14705. [PMID: 35867381 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability to directly observe chemical reactions at the single-molecule and single-particle level has enabled the discovery of behaviors otherwise obscured by ensemble averaging in bulk measurements. However powerful, a common restriction of these studies to date has been the absolute requirement to surface tether or otherwise immobilize the chemical reagent/reaction of interest. This constraint arose from a fundamental limitation of conventional microscopy techniques, which could not track molecules or particles rapidly diffusing in three dimensions, as occurs in solution. However, many chemical processes occur entirely in the solution phase, leaving single-particle/-molecule analysis of this critical area of science beyond the scope of available technology. Here, we report the first kinetics studies of freely diffusing and actively growing single polymer-particles at the single-particle level freely diffusing in solution. Active-feedback single-particle tracking was used to capture three-dimensional (3D) trajectories and real-time volumetric images of freely diffusing polymer particles (D ≈ 10-12 m2/s) and extract the growth rates of individual particles in the solution phase. The observed growth rates show that the average growth rate is a poor representation of the true underlying variability in polymer-particle growth behavior. These data revealed statistically significant populations of faster- and slower-growing particles at different depths in the sample, showing emergent heterogeneity while particles are still freely diffusing in solution. These results go against the prevailing premise that chemical processes in freely diffusing solution will exhibit uniform kinetics. We anticipate that these studies will launch new directions of solution-phase, nonensemble-averaged measurements of chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donggeng Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University; Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Antonio Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine; Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Suzanne A Blum
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine; Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Kevin D Welsher
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University; Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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van Heerden B, Vickers NA, Krüger TPJ, Andersson SB. Real-Time Feedback-Driven Single-Particle Tracking: A Survey and Perspective. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107024. [PMID: 35758534 PMCID: PMC9308725 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Real-time feedback-driven single-particle tracking (RT-FD-SPT) is a class of techniques in the field of single-particle tracking that uses feedback control to keep a particle of interest in a detection volume. These methods provide high spatiotemporal resolution on particle dynamics and allow for concurrent spectroscopic measurements. This review article begins with a survey of existing techniques and of applications where RT-FD-SPT has played an important role. Each of the core components of RT-FD-SPT are systematically discussed in order to develop an understanding of the trade-offs that must be made in algorithm design and to create a clear picture of the important differences, advantages, and drawbacks of existing approaches. These components are feedback tracking and control, ranging from simple proportional-integral-derivative control to advanced nonlinear techniques, estimation to determine particle location from the measured data, including both online and offline algorithms, and techniques for calibrating and characterizing different RT-FD-SPT methods. Then a collection of metrics for RT-FD-SPT is introduced to help guide experimentalists in selecting a method for their particular application and to help reveal where there are gaps in the techniques that represent opportunities for further development. Finally, this review is concluded with a discussion on future perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertus van Heerden
- Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Nicholas A Vickers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Tjaart P J Krüger
- Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Sean B Andersson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Division of Systems Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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14
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Dynamic intracellular exchange of nanomaterials' protein corona perturbs proteostasis and remodels cell metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2200363119. [PMID: 35653569 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200363119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceThis study analyzed the dynamic protein corona on the surface of nanoparticles as they traversed from blood to cell lysosomes and escaped from lysosomes to cytoplasm in the target cells. We found with proteomic analysis an abundance of chaperone and glycolysis coronal proteins (i.e., heat shock cognate protein 70, heat shock protein 90, and pyruvate kinase M2 [PKM2]) after escape of the nanoparticles from lysosomes to the cytosol. Alterations of the coronal proteins (e.g., PKM2 and chaperone binding) induced proteostasis collapse, which subsequently led to elevated chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) activity in cells. As PKM2 is a key molecule in cell metabolism, we also revealed that PKM2 depletion was causative to CMA-induced cell metabolism disruption from glycolysis to lipid metabolism.
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Yu Y, Luan Y, Dai W. Dynamic process, mechanisms, influencing factors and study methods of protein corona formation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:731-739. [PMID: 35321813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles interacting with proteins to form protein corona represent one of the most fundamental problems in the rapid development of nanotechnology. In the past decade, thousands of studies have pointed out this issue. Within multi-protein systems, the formation of protein corona is a homeostasis process in which proteins compete for the limited surface sites of nanoparticles. Besides, the formation of protein corona generally shows a tendency of evolving with time and involves many different driving forces controlled by properties of nanoparticles, proteins and environment. Therefore, recent research on the dynamic process and mechanisms of protein corona formation in both animals and plants are summarized in this review. The factors that affect the formation and the techniques that commonly used for protein corona analysis are proposed. Furthermore, in order to provide reference for the future research, the limitations and challenges in protein corona studies are assessed and the future perspectives are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Yu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yaning Luan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Wei Dai
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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