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Mukhopadhyay J, Bhagat S, Sahoo SC, Bharatam PV. L→S Coordination Complexes Containing Benzothiazol-2-ylidene Ligand: Quantum Chemical Analysis and Synthesis. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202400150. [PMID: 38554142 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
(NHC)→E coordination interactions were known where NHC is an N-heterocyclic carbene, and E is a main group element (B, C, N, Si, P). Recently, it was suggested that compounds with (NHC)→S coordination chemistry are also possible. This work reports quantum chemical analysis and synthesis of (NHC)→S-R(+) complexes in which benzothiazol-2-ylidene acts as a ligand. A Density functional study established that (NHC)→S interaction can best be described as a coordination interaction. Synthetic efforts were made, initially, to generate divalent sulfur compounds containing benzothiazole substituents. N-alkylation of the heterocyclic ring in these sulfides using methyl triflate led to the generation of the desired products with (NHC)→S coordination chemistry, which involves the in situ generation of NHC ring ligands. The observed changes in the 13C NMR spectra, before and after methylation, confirmed the change in the electronic character of the C-S bond from a covalent character to a coordination character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S., Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Srikant Bhagat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S., Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Subash C Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S., Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
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2
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Tran PM, Wang Y, Lahm ME, Wei P, Schaefer HF, Robinson GH. Unusual nucleophilic reactivity of a dithiolene-based N-heterocyclic silane. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6178-6183. [PMID: 38506299 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03843b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
While the dithiolene-based N-heterocyclic silane (4) reacts with two equivalents of BX3 (X = Br, I) to give zwitterionic Lewis adducts 5 and 8, respectively, the parallel reaction of 4 with BCl3 results in 10, a dithiolene-substituted N-heterocyclic silane, via the Si-S bond cleavage. Unlike 5, the labile 8 may be readily converted to 9via BI3-mediated cleavage of the Si-N bond. The formation of 5 and 8 confirms that 4 uniquely possesses dual nucleophilic sites: (a) the terminal sulphur atom of the dithiolene moiety; and (b) the backbone carbon of the N-heterocyclic silane unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong M Tran
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA.
| | - Yuzhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA.
| | - Mitchell E Lahm
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA.
| | - Pingrong Wei
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA.
| | - Henry F Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA.
| | - Gregory H Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA.
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3
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Wang Y, Tran PM, Lahm ME, Wei P, Adams ER, Schaefer HF, Robinson GH. From Carbene-Dithiolene Zwitterion Mediated B-H Bond Activation to BH 3·SMe 2-Assisted Boron-Boron Bond Formation. Organometallics 2023; 42:3328-3333. [PMID: 38098647 PMCID: PMC10716900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The 1:1 reaction of the carbene-stabilized dithiolene zwitterion 1 with BH3·SMe2 gave the dithiolene-based hydroborane 2 and the doubly hydrogen-capped CAAC species 3 via hydride-coupled reverse electron transfer processes. The mechanism of this transformation was probed computationally using density functional theory. The subsequent 2:1 reaction of 2 with 1 resulted in 4 and 3, suggesting that 1 can mediate the B-H bond activation not only for BH3 but also for monohydroboranes. In the presence of BH3·SMe2, 2 was unexpectedly converted to the corresponding diborane(4) complex 5 through a dehydrocoupling reaction at an elevated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Computational Chemistry, The
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Phuong M. Tran
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Computational Chemistry, The
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Mitchell E. Lahm
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Computational Chemistry, The
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Pingrong Wei
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Computational Chemistry, The
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Earle R. Adams
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Computational Chemistry, The
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Computational Chemistry, The
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Gregory H. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Computational Chemistry, The
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
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4
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Wang Y, Tran PM, Lahm ME, Xie Y, Wei P, Adams ER, Glushka JN, Ren Z, Popik VV, Schaefer HF, Robinson GH. Activation of Ammonia by a Carbene-Stabilized Dithiolene Zwitterion. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16325-16331. [PMID: 36037279 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A carbene-stabilized dithiolene zwitterion (3) activates ammonia, affording 4• and 5, through both single-electron transfer (SET) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). Reaction products were characterized spectroscopically and by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The mechanism of the formation of 4• and 5 was probed by experimental and computational methods. This discovery is the first example of metal-free ammonia activation via HAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Phuong M Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Mitchell E Lahm
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Yaoming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Pingrong Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Earle R Adams
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - John N Glushka
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Zichun Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Vladimir V Popik
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Henry F Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Gregory H Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Computational Chemistry, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
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5
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Tran PM, Wang Y, Xie Y, Wei P, Lahm ME, Schaefer HF, Robinson GH. Phosphine-Mediated Cleavage of Sulfur–Sulfur Bonds. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong M. Tran
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Yuzhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Yaoming Xie
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Pingrong Wei
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Mitchell E. Lahm
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Gregory H. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
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Kumar Kushvaha S, Mishra A, Roesky HW, Chandra Mondal K. Recent Advances in the Domain of Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino) Carbenes. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202101301. [PMID: 34989475 PMCID: PMC9307053 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of cyclic (alkyl) amino carbenes (cAACs) in 2005 has been a major achievement in the field of stable carbenes due to their better electronic properties. cAACs and bicyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene (BicAAC) in essence are the most electrophilic as well as nucleophilic carbenes are known till date. Due to their excellent electronic properties in terms of nucleophilic and electrophilic character, cAACs have been utilized in different areas of chemistry, including stabilization of low valent main group and transition metal species, activation of small molecules, and catalysis. The applications of cAACs in catalysis have opened up new avenues of research in the field of cAAC chemistry. This review summarizes the major results of cAAC chemistry published until August 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankush Mishra
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036India
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryTammannstrasse 4D-37077GöttingenGermany
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Vermersch F, Oliveira L, Hunter J, Soleilhavoup M, Jazzar R, Bertrand G. Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbenes: Synthesis of Iminium Precursors and Structural Properties. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3511-3518. [PMID: 35133152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Using readily available preallylated aldehydes, we report a simple and divergent synthesis of cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) iminium precursors. Using a combination of crystallographic data and steric maps, we further elaborate on the specific steric properties of CAAC ligands with respect to state-of-the-art phosphine and carbene ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Vermersch
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Luana Oliveira
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Joseph Hunter
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Michele Soleilhavoup
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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