1
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Zhang JJ, Qin FY, Cheng YX. Insights into Ganoderma fungi meroterpenoids opening a new era of racemic natural products in mushrooms. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1221-1266. [PMID: 38204140 DOI: 10.1002/med.22006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Ganoderma meroterpenoids (GMs) containing 688 structures to date were discovered to have multiple remarkable biological activities. 65.6% of meroterpenoids featuring stereogenic centers from Ganoderma species are racemates. Further, GMs from different Ganoderma species seem to have their own characteristics. In this review, a comprehensive summarization of GMs since 2000 is presented, including GM structures, structure corrections, biological activities, physicochemical properties, total synthesis, and proposed biosynthetic pathways. Additionally, we especially discuss the racemic nature, species-related structural distribution, and structure-activity relationship of GMs, which will provide a likely in-house database and shed light on future studies on GMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Zhang
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fu-Ying Qin
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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2
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Liao XZ, Wang R, Wang X, Li G. Enantioselective total synthesis of (‒)-lucidumone enabled by tandem prins cyclization/cycloetherification sequence. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2647. [PMID: 38531853 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46896-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Ganoderma meroterpenoids are a growing class of natural products with architectural complexity, and exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Here, we report an enantioselective total synthesis of the Ganoderma meroterpenoid (‒)-lucidumone. The synthetic route features several key transformations, including a) a Cu-catalyzed enantioselective silicon-tethered intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition to construct the highly functionalized bicyclo[2.2.2]octane moiety; b) Brønsted acid promoted tandem O-deprotection/Prins cyclization/Cycloetherification sequence followed by oxidation to install concurrently the tetrahydrofuran and the fused indanone framework; c) Fleming-Tamao oxidation to generate the secondary hydroxyl; d) an iron-catalyzed Wacker-type oxidation of hindered vinyl group to methyl ketone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Zhang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China.
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3
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Zhou Q, Ma X, Qiao JB, He WJ, Jiang MR, Shao H, Zhao YM. Total Synthesis of Ganoderma Meroterpenoids Cochlearol B and Its Congeners Driven by Structural Similarity and Biological Homology. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400084. [PMID: 38228507 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites that have the same biological origin must share some relationship in their biosynthesis. Exploring this relationship has always been a significant task for synthetic biologists. However, from the perspective of synthetic chemists, it is equally important to propose, prove, or refute potential biosynthetic pathways in order to elucidate and understand the biosynthesis of homologous secondary metabolites. In this study, driven by the high structural similarity between the homologous Ganoderma meroterpenoids cochlearol B and ganocin B, two chemically synthetic strategies were designed and investigated sequentially for the synthesis of cochlearol B from ganocin B. These strategies include intramolecular metal-catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT) and intramolecular photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition. The aim was to reveal their potential biosynthetic conversion relationship using chemical synthesis methods. As a result, a highly efficient total synthesis of cochlearol B, cochlearol T, cochlearol F, as well as the formal total synthesis of ganocins A-B, and ganocochlearins C-D, has been achieved. Additionally, a novel synthetic approach for the synthesis of 6,6-disubstituted 6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran and its analogues has been developed through palladium(II)-catalyzed Wacker-type/cross-coupling cascade reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Ave, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Ave, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jin-Bao Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Ave, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wen-Jing He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Ave, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Ming-Rui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Ave, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hui Shao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Ave, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yu-Ming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Ave, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry & International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Organometallic Catalytic Chemistry, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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4
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Mashiko T, Shingai Y, Sakai J, Adachi S, Matsuzawa A, Kamo S, Sugita K. Enantioselective Total Syntheses of (+)-Ganocin A and (-)-Cochlearol B. Org Lett 2023; 25:8382-8386. [PMID: 37955425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the total syntheses of (+)-ganocin A and (-)-cochlearol B, featuring pentacyclic skeletons, in optically active forms. We utilized asymmetric Corey-Bakshi-Shibata reduction, phenolic oxidative cyclization, the intramolecular radical cyclization-benzylic oxidative cyclization sequence, and intramolecular [2 + 2] photocycloaddition. These key steps enabled enantioselective access with the longest linear sequence of 17 steps and 9% overall yield for (+)-ganocin A and with 16 steps and 9% overall yield for (-)-cohlearol B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Mashiko
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Shingai
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Sakai
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Adachi
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Akinobu Matsuzawa
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Shogo Kamo
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Sugita
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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5
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Peng XR, Unsicker SB, Gershenzon J, Qiu MH. Structural diversity, hypothetical biosynthesis, chemical synthesis, and biological activity of Ganoderma meroterpenoids. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1354-1392. [PMID: 37051770 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00006k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2018 to 2022Meroterpenoids found in fungal species of the genus Ganoderma and known as Ganoderma meroterpenoids (GMs) are substances composed of a 1,2,4-trisubstituted benzene and a polyunsaturated side chain. These substances have attracted the attention of chemists and pharmacologists due to their diverse structures and significant bioactivity. In this review, we present the structures and possible biosynthesis of representative GMs newly found from 2018 to 2022, as well as chemical synthesis and biological activity of some interesting GMs. We propose for the first time a plausible biosynthetic pathway for GMs, which will certainly motivate further research on the biosynthetic pathway in Ganoderma species, as well as on chemical synthesis of GMs as important bioactive compounds for the purpose of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Rong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, China.
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Sybille B Unsicker
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Hans-Knöll Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Hans-Knöll Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ming-Hua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, China.
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
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6
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Walsh MP, Barclay JA, Begg CS, Xuan J, Kitching MO. Conglomerate Crystallization in the Cambridge Structural Database (2020-2021). CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:2837-2844. [PMID: 37038395 PMCID: PMC10080650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Conglomerate crystals are materials capable of undergoing spontaneous resolution and were responsible for the discovery of molecular chirality. Their relevance to modern chemical and crystallographic sciences has been hindered by the difficulty in identifying and searching materials with this characteristic ability to spontaneously bias their own enantioenrichment. With the release of the November 2021 distribution of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) (version 5.43), a fresh quantity of chiral conglomerate crystals is expected to have been published in the CSD without identification. Indeed, no crystals in the CSD have been identified as a spontaneously resolving conglomerate crystal in their crystallographic information file since the 2019 release, despite the deposition of over 108,000 new crystal structures into the database over the same time period. A manual inspection of crystals deposited between 2020 and 2021 was conducted to identify 343 new chiral materials which exhibit conglomerate crystallization behavior. It is hoped that the continued manual curation of this list will aid those in the crystallographic and synthetic communities to study and exploit this spontaneous enantioenrichment behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Walsh
- Process
Research and Development, Carbogen Amcis
Ltd., 303 Clayton Lane, Manchester, M11 4SX, U.K.
| | - James A. Barclay
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Rd., Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Callum S. Begg
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Rd., Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Jinyi Xuan
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Rd., Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Matthew O. Kitching
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Rd., Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K.
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7
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Huang G, Kouklovsky C, de la Torre A. Gram-Scale Enantioselective Synthesis of (+)-Lucidumone. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17803-17807. [PMID: 36150082 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-lucidumone is described through a 13-step synthetic pathway (longest linear sequence). The key steps involve the formation of a bridged bicyclic lactone by an enantioselective inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder cycloaddition, C-O bond formation to assemble two fragments, and a one-pot retro-[4 + 2]/[4 + 2] cycloaddition cascade. The synthesis is scalable, and more than one gram of natural product was synthesized in one batch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Huang
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Cyrille Kouklovsky
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Aurélien de la Torre
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
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8
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Richardson AD, Vogel TR, Traficante EF, Glover KJ, Schindler CS. Total Synthesis of (+)‐Cochlearol B by an Approach Based on a Catellani Reaction and Visible‐Light‐Enabled [2+2] Cycloaddition**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201213. [PMID: 35417620 PMCID: PMC9401860 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alistair D. Richardson
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Willard Henry Dow Laboratory 930 North University Ave. Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Trenton R. Vogel
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Willard Henry Dow Laboratory 930 North University Ave. Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Emily F. Traficante
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Willard Henry Dow Laboratory 930 North University Ave. Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Kason J. Glover
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Willard Henry Dow Laboratory 930 North University Ave. Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Corinna S. Schindler
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Willard Henry Dow Laboratory 930 North University Ave. Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
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9
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Ma S, Li Z, Yu P, Shi H, Yang H, Yi J, Zhang Z, Duan X, Xie X, She X. Construction of the Skeleton of Lucidumone. Org Lett 2022; 24:5541-5545. [PMID: 35894551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The skeleton of lucidumone was constructed through oxidative dearomatization/intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction, Cu-mediated remote C-H hydroxylation, allyl oxidation, acid-promoted dynamic kinetic resolution cyclization, and benzylic oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hesi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jiuzhou Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xingang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xuegong She
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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10
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Schindler CS, Richardson AD, Vogel TR, Traficante EF, Glover KJ. Total Synthesis of (+)‐Cochlearol B by an Approach Based on a Catellani Reaction and Visible‐Light‐Enabled [2+2] Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Fu Q, Wang Y, Nan F. Construction of the hexacyclic core of dispirocochlearoids A−C via a Diels−Alder reaction. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy, Fudan University 826 Zhangheng Road Shanghai 201203 China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy, Fudan University 826 Zhangheng Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Fajun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
- Drug Discovery Shandong Laboratory, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery Yantai Shandong 264117 China
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12
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Zhang A, Xu J, Li Y, Hu M, Lin Z, Song Y, Qi J, Chen W, Liu Z, Cheng Y. Three-Dimensional Large-Scale Fused Silica Microfluidic Chips Enabled by Hybrid Laser Microfabrication for Continuous-Flow UV Photochemical Synthesis. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13040543. [PMID: 35457848 PMCID: PMC9026117 DOI: 10.3390/mi13040543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a hybrid laser microfabrication approach, which combines the technical merits of ultrafast laser-assisted chemical etching and carbon dioxide laser-induced in situ melting for centimeter-scale and bonding-free fabrication of 3D complex hollow microstructures in fused silica glass. With the developed approach, large-scale fused silica microfluidic chips with integrated 3D cascaded micromixing units can be reliably manufactured. High-performance on-chip mixing and continuous-flow photochemical synthesis under UV irradiation at ~280 nm were demonstrated using the manufactured chip, indicating a powerful capability for versatile fabrication of highly transparent all-glass microfluidic reactors for on-chip photochemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aodong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.Z.); (Y.L.); (M.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.L.); (Y.S.)
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (J.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jian Xu
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.Z.); (Y.L.); (M.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.L.); (Y.S.)
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (J.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yucen Li
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.Z.); (Y.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Ming Hu
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.Z.); (Y.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Zijie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.L.); (Y.S.)
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (J.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yunpeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.L.); (Y.S.)
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (J.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jia Qi
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (J.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Wei Chen
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (J.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhaoxiang Liu
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (J.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ya Cheng
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.Z.); (Y.L.); (M.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.L.); (Y.S.)
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (J.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (Y.C.)
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