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Feng B, Wang Z, Zhao X, Niu H, Wang Y, Wang K, Jiang K, Zhang H. Self-Internal Standard Fluorescence for Ultrasensitive Detecting of mtDNA to Evaluate Matrilineal Genetic Defect Levels. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38978161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a unique genetic material characterized by maternal inheritance. It possesses a circular structure devoid of histone protection and exhibits low cellular abundance, which poses great challenges for its sensitive and selective detection at the living cell level. Herein, we have designed three bis-naphthylimide probes with varying linker lengths (NANn-OH, n = 0, 2, 6), facilitating the formation of distinct twisted or folded molecular conformations in the free state. These probes emit the red fluorescence around 627 nm with different fluorescence quantum yields (ΦNAN0-OH = 0.0016, ΦNAN2-OH = 0.0136, and ΦNAN6-OH = 0.0125). When encountering mtDNA (0.4-3.4 μg/mL), these probes undergo conformational changes depending on the length of the attached C-strand and exhibit a gradually increasing fluorescence signal around 453 nm. The fluorescence intensity increased to 13.5-fold, 1.9-fold, and 8.2-fold, respectively. Notably, the red fluorescence intensities around 627 nm remain constant throughout this process, thus serving as an inherent correction mechanism for proportional fluorescence signal enhancement to improve selectivity and sensitivity. NAN0-OH, NAN2-OH, and NAN6-OH showed good linearity for mtDNA in the range of 0.4-3.4 μg/mL with detection limits of LODNAN0-OH = 1.04 μg/mL, LODNAN2-OH = 1.10 μg/mL, and LODNAN6-OH = 1.15 μg/mL. Cellular experiments reveal that NAN6-OH effectively monitors curcumin-induced mtDNA damage in HepG-2 cells while enabling monitoring of genetic mtDNA damage. We anticipate that this tool holds significant potential for the precise evaluation of maternal genetic defects, thereby enhancing hypersensitive assessment in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beidou Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- College of the Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals; Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Huiyu Niu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yafu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- College of the Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals; Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Xinxiang 453007, China
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2
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Islam T, Shim G, Melton D, Lewis CD, Lei Z, Gates KS. Ultrafast Reaction of the Drug Hydralazine with Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Sites in DNA Gives Rise to a Stable Triazolo[3,4- a]phthalazine Adduct. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:1023-1034. [PMID: 38743824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The clinically used antihypertensive agent hydralazine rapidly generates hydrazone-derived adducts by reaction with apurinic/apyrimidinic (also known as abasic or AP) sites in many different sequences of duplex DNA. The reaction rates are comparable to those of some AP-trapping reagents previously described as "ultrafast." Initially, reversible formation of a hydrazone adduct is followed by an oxidative cyclization reaction that generates a chemically stable triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazine adduct. The net result is that the reaction of hydralazine with AP sites in duplex DNA yields a rapid and irreversible adduct formation. Although the hydrazone and triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazine adducts differ by only two mass units, it was possible to use MALDI-TOF-MS and ESI-QTOF-nanospray-MS to quantitatively characterize mixtures of these adducts by deconvolution of overlapping isotope envelopes. Reactions of hydralazine with the endogenous ketone pyruvate do not prevent the formation of the hydralazine-AP adducts, providing further evidence that these adducts have the potential to form in cellular DNA. AP sites are ubiquitous in cellular DNA, and rapid, irreversible adduct formation by hydralazine could be relevant to the pathogenesis of systemic drug-induced lupus erythematosus experienced by some patients. Finally, hydralazine might be developed as a probe for the detection of AP sites, the study of cellular BER, and marking the location of AP sites in DNA-sequencing analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanhaul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Garam Shim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Douglas Melton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Calvin D Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Zhentian Lei
- University of Missouri, MU Metabolomics Center, 240f Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Kent S Gates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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3
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Fan Y, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Xu A, Zhu JJ, Min Q. DNA Walker-Driven Mass Nanotag Assembly System for Simultaneously Profiling Dual Markers of Oxidative Stress at Different Cellular Locations. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8754-8762. [PMID: 38740024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Simultaneous profiling of redox-regulated markers at different cellular sublocations is of great significance for unraveling the upstream and downstream molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress in living cells. Herein, by synchronizing dual target-triggered DNA machineries in one nanoentity, we engineered a DNA walker-driven mass nanotag (MNT) assembly system (w-MNT-AS) that can be sequentially activated by oxidative stress-associated mucin 1 (MUC1) and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) from plasma membrane to cytoplasm and induce recycled assembly of MNTs for multiplex detection of the two markers by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS). In the working cascade, the sensing process governs the separate activation of w-MNT-AS by MUC1 and APE1 in diverse locations, while the assembly process contributes to the parallel amplification of the ion signal of the characteristic mass tags. In this manner, the differences between MCF-7, HeLa, HepG2, and L02 cells in membrane MUC1 expression and cytoplasmic APE1 activation were fully characterized. Furthermore, the oxidative stress level and dynamics caused by exogenous H2O2, doxorubicin, and simvastatin were comprehensively demonstrated by tracking the fate of the two markers across different cellular locations. The proposed w-MNT-AS coupled MS method provides an effective route to probe multiple functional molecules that lie at different locations while participating in the same cellular event, facilitating the mechanistic studies on cellular response to oxidative stress and other disease-related cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Aobo Xu
- Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qianhao Min
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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4
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Gusti Ngurah Putu EP, Cattiaux L, Lavergne T, Pommier Y, Bombard S, Granzhan A. Unprecedented reactivity of polyamines with aldehydic DNA modifications: structural determinants of reactivity, characterization and enzymatic stability of adducts. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:10846-10866. [PMID: 37850658 PMCID: PMC10639052 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites, 5-formyluracil (fU) and 5-formylcytosine (fC) are abundant DNA modifications that share aldehyde-type reactivity. Here, we demonstrate that polyamines featuring at least one secondary 1,2-diamine fragment in combination with aromatic units form covalent DNA adducts upon reaction with AP sites (with concomitant cleavage of the AP strand), fU and, to a lesser extent, fC residues. Using small-molecule mimics of AP site and fU, we show that reaction of secondary 1,2-diamines with AP sites leads to the formation of unprecedented 3'-tetrahydrofuro[2,3,4-ef]-1,4-diazepane ('ribodiazepane') scaffold, whereas the reaction with fU produces cationic 2,3-dihydro-1,4-diazepinium adducts via uracil ring opening. The reactivity of polyamines towards AP sites versus fU and fC can be tuned by modulating their chemical structure and pH of the reaction medium, enabling up to 20-fold chemoselectivity for AP sites with respect to fU and fC. This reaction is efficient in near-physiological conditions at low-micromolar concentration of polyamines and tolerant to the presence of a large excess of unmodified DNA. Remarkably, 3'-ribodiazepane adducts are chemically stable and resistant to the action of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) and tyrosyl-DNA phosphoesterase 1 (TDP1), two DNA repair enzymes known to cleanse a variety of 3' end-blocking DNA lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eka Putra Gusti Ngurah Putu
- CMBC, CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91405 Orsay, France
- CMBC, CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Laurent Cattiaux
- CMBC, CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91405 Orsay, France
- CMBC, CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Thomas Lavergne
- DCM, CNRS UMR5250, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yves Pommier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology & Developmental Therapeutics Branch, CCR-NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sophie Bombard
- CMBC, CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91405 Orsay, France
- CMBC, CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Anton Granzhan
- CMBC, CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91405 Orsay, France
- CMBC, CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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5
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Jun YW, Kant M, Coskun E, Kato TA, Jaruga P, Palafox E, Dizdaroglu M, Kool ET. Possible Genetic Risks from Heat-Damaged DNA in Food. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:1170-1179. [PMID: 37396864 PMCID: PMC10311654 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of foods prepared at high temperatures has been associated with numerous health risks. To date, the chief identified source of risk has been small molecules produced in trace levels by cooking and reacting with healthy DNA upon consumption. Here, we considered whether the DNA in food itself also presents a hazard. We hypothesize that high-temperature cooking may cause significant damage to the DNA in food, and this damage might find its way into cellular DNA by metabolic salvage. We tested cooked and raw foods and found high levels of hydrolytic and oxidative damage to all four DNA bases upon cooking. Exposing cultured cells to damaged 2'-deoxynucleosides (particularly pyrimidines) resulted in elevated DNA damage and repair responses in the cells. Feeding a deaminated 2'-deoxynucleoside (2'-deoxyuridine), and DNA containing it, to mice resulted in substantial uptake into intestinal genomic DNA and promoted double-strand chromosomal breaks there. The results suggest the possibility of a previously unrecognized pathway whereby high-temperature cooking may contribute to genetic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Woong Jun
- Department of Chemistry, Sarafan ChEM-H, and Stanford Cancer InstituteStanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Melis Kant
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Erdem Coskun
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute
for Bioscience & Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Takamitsu A. Kato
- Department
of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Elizabeth Palafox
- Department of Chemistry, Sarafan ChEM-H, and Stanford Cancer InstituteStanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Eric T. Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Sarafan ChEM-H, and Stanford Cancer InstituteStanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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6
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Wang Y, Wang P, Li C. Fluorescence microscopic platforms imaging mitochondrial abnormalities in neurodegenerative diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114841. [PMID: 37088402 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are progressive disorders that cause the degeneration of neurons. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common symptom in NDs and plays a crucial role in neuronal loss. Mitochondrial abnormalities can be observed in the early stages of NDs and evolve throughout disease progression. Visualizing mitochondrial abnormalities can help understand ND progression and develop new therapeutic strategies. Fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool for dynamically imaging mitochondria due to its high sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution. This review discusses the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and ND progression, potential biomarkers for imaging dysfunctional mitochondria, advances in fluorescence microscopy for detecting organelles, the performance of fluorescence probes in visualizing ND-associated mitochondria, and the challenges and opportunities for developing new generations of fluorescence imaging platforms for monitoring mitochondria in NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University Shanghai 201203, China.
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7
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Abstract
DNA repair enzymes continuously provide surveillance throughout our cells, protecting the enclosed DNA from the damage that is constantly arising from oxidation, alkylating species, and radiation. Members of this enzyme class are intimately linked to pathways controlling cancer and inflammation and are promising targets for diagnostics and future therapies. Their study is benefiting widely from the development of new tools and methods aimed at measuring their activities. Here, we provide an Account of our laboratory's work on developing chemical tools to study DNA repair processes in vitro, as well as in cells and tissues, and what we have learned by applying them.We first outline early work probing how DNA repair enzymes recognize specific forms of damage by use of chemical analogs of the damage with altered shapes and H-bonding abilities. One outcome of this was the development of an unnatural DNA base that is incorporated selectively by polymerase enzymes opposite sites of missing bases (abasic sites) in DNA, a very common form of damage.We then describe strategies for design of fluorescent probes targeted to base excision repair (BER) enzymes; these were built from small synthetic DNAs incorporating fluorescent moieties to engender light-up signals as the enzymatic reaction proceeds. Examples of targets for these DNA probes include UDG, SMUG1, Fpg, OGG1, MutYH, ALKBH2, ALKBH3, MTH1, and NTH1. Several such strategies were successful and were applied both in vitro and in cellular settings; moreover, some were used to discover small-molecule modulators of specific repair enzymes. One of these is the compound SU0268, a potent OGG1 inhibitor that is under investigation in animal models for inhibiting hyperinflammatory responses.To investigate cellular nucleotide sanitation pathways, we designed a series of "two-headed" nucleotides containing a damaged DNA nucleotide at one end and ATP at the other; these were applied to studying the three human sanitation enzymes MTH1, dUTPase, and dITPase, some of which are therapeutic targets. The MTH1 probe (ARGO) was used in collaboration with oncologists to measure the enzyme in tumors as a disease marker and also to develop the first small-molecule activators of the enzyme.We proceed to discuss the development of a "universal" probe of base excision repair processes (UBER), which reacts covalently with abasic site intermediates of base excision repair. UBER probes light up in real time as the reaction occurs, enabling the observation of base excision repair as it occurs in live cells and tissues. UBER probes can also be used in efficient and simple methods for fluorescent labeling of DNA. Finally, we suggest interesting directions for the future of this field in biomedicine and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Woong Jun
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 369 North-South Axis, Stauffer I, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric T Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 369 North-South Axis, Stauffer I, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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8
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Akbari M, Nilsen HL, Montaldo NP. Dynamic features of human mitochondrial DNA maintenance and transcription. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:984245. [PMID: 36158192 PMCID: PMC9491825 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.984245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the primary sites for cellular energy production and are required for many essential cellular processes. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a 16.6 kb circular DNA molecule that encodes only 13 gene products of the approximately 90 different proteins of the respiratory chain complexes and an estimated 1,200 mitochondrial proteins. MtDNA is, however, crucial for organismal development, normal function, and survival. MtDNA maintenance requires mitochondrially targeted nuclear DNA repair enzymes, a mtDNA replisome that is unique to mitochondria, and systems that control mitochondrial morphology and quality control. Here, we provide an overview of the current literature on mtDNA repair and transcription machineries and discuss how dynamic functional interactions between the components of these systems regulate mtDNA maintenance and transcription. A profound understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control mtDNA maintenance and transcription is important as loss of mtDNA integrity is implicated in normal process of aging, inflammation, and the etiology and pathogenesis of a number of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Akbari
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hilde Loge Nilsen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Unit for precision medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicola Pietro Montaldo
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Nicola Pietro Montaldo,
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9
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Efficient DNA fluorescence labeling via base excision trapping. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5043. [PMID: 36028479 PMCID: PMC9418136 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence labeling of DNAs is broadly useful, but methods for labeling are expensive and labor-intensive. Here we describe a general method for fluorescence labeling of oligonucleotides readily and cost-efficiently via base excision trapping (BETr), employing deaminated DNA bases to mark label positions, which are excised by base excision repair enzymes generating AP sites. Specially designed aminooxy-substituted rotor dyes trap the AP sites, yielding high emission intensities. BETr is orthogonal to DNA synthesis by polymerases, enabling multi-uracil incorporation into an amplicon and in situ BETr labeling without washing. BETr also enables labeling of dsDNA such as genomic DNA at a high labeling density in a single tube by use of nick translation. Use of two different deaminated bases facilitates two-color site-specific labeling. Use of a multi-labeled DNA construct as a bright fluorescence tag is demonstrated through the conjugation to an antibody for imaging proteins. Finally, double-strand selectivity of a repair enzyme is harnessed in sensitive reporting on the presence of a target DNA or RNA in a mixture with isothermal turnover and single nucleotide specificity. Overall, the results document a convenient and versatile method for general fluorescence labeling of DNAs.
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10
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Benson S, de Moliner F, Tipping W, Vendrell M. Miniaturized Chemical Tags for Optical Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204788. [PMID: 35704518 PMCID: PMC9542129 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in optical bioimaging have prompted the need for minimal chemical reporters that can retain the molecular recognition properties and activity profiles of biomolecules. As a result, several methodologies to reduce the size of fluorescent and Raman labels to a few atoms (e.g., single aryl fluorophores, Raman‐active triple bonds and isotopes) and embed them into building blocks (e.g., amino acids, nucleobases, sugars) to construct native‐like supramolecular structures have been described. The integration of small optical reporters into biomolecules has also led to smart molecular entities that were previously inaccessible in an expedite manner. In this article, we review recent chemical approaches to synthesize miniaturized optical tags as well as some of their multiple applications in biological imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Benson
- Centre for Inflammation Research The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH16 4TJ UK
| | - Fabio de Moliner
- Centre for Inflammation Research The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH16 4TJ UK
| | - William Tipping
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology The University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1RD UK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH16 4TJ UK
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11
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Benson S, de Moliner F, Tipping W, Vendrell M. Miniaturized Chemical Tags for Optical Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Benson
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Fabio de Moliner
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research UNITED KINGDOM
| | - William Tipping
- University of Strathclyde Centre for Molecular Nanometrology UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Marc Vendrell
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research 47 Little France Crescent EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UNITED KINGDOM
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