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Zuckerman JT, Minko IG, Kant M, Jaruga P, Stone MP, Dizdaroglu M, McCullough AK, Lloyd RS. Functional analyses of single nucleotide polymorphic variants of the DNA glycosylase NEIL1 in sub-Saharan African populations. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 129:103544. [PMID: 37517321 PMCID: PMC10546947 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Nei-like glycosylase 1 (NEIL1) is a DNA repair enzyme that initiates the base excision repair (BER) pathway to cleanse the human genome of damage. The substrate specificity of NEIL1 includes several common base modifications formed under oxidative stress conditions, as well as the imidazole ring open adducts that are induced by alkylating agents following initial modification at N7 guanine. An example of the latter is the persistent and mutagenic 8,9-dihydro-8-(2,6-diamino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimid-5-yl-formamido)-9-hydroxyaflatoxin B1 (AFB1-FapyGua) adduct, resulting from the alkylating agent aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exo-8-9-epoxide. Naturally occurring single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) variants of NEIL1 are hypothesized to be associated with an increased risk for development of early-onset hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially in environments with high exposures to aflatoxins and chronic inflammation from viral infections and alcohol consumption. Given that AFB1 exposures and hepatitis B viral (HBV) infections represent a major problem in the developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa, it is pertinent to study SNP NEIL1 variants that are present in this geographic region. In this investigation, we characterized the three most common NEIL1 variants found in this region: P321A, R323G, and I182M. Biochemical analyses were conducted to determine the proficiencies of these variants in initiating the repair of DNA lesions. Our data show that damage recognition and excision activities of P321A and R323G were near that of wild-type (WT) NEIL1 for both thymine glycol (ThyGly) and AFB1-FapyGua. The substrate specificities of these variants with respect to various oxidatively-induced base lesions were also similar to that of WT. In contrast, the I182M variant was unstable, such that it precipitated under a variety of conditions and underwent rapid inactivation at a biologically relevant temperature, with partial stabilization being observed in the presence of undamaged DNA. This study provides insight regarding the potential increased risk for early-onset HCC in human populations carrying the NEIL1 I182M variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie T Zuckerman
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Irina G Minko
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Melis Kant
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
| | - Michael P Stone
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, United States
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
| | - Amanda K McCullough
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States; Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - R Stephen Lloyd
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States; Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States.
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Jun YW, Kant M, Coskun E, Kato TA, Jaruga P, Palafox E, Dizdaroglu M, Kool ET. Possible Genetic Risks from Heat-Damaged DNA in Food. ACS Cent Sci 2023; 9:1170-1179. [PMID: 37396864 PMCID: PMC10311654 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of foods prepared at high temperatures has been associated with numerous health risks. To date, the chief identified source of risk has been small molecules produced in trace levels by cooking and reacting with healthy DNA upon consumption. Here, we considered whether the DNA in food itself also presents a hazard. We hypothesize that high-temperature cooking may cause significant damage to the DNA in food, and this damage might find its way into cellular DNA by metabolic salvage. We tested cooked and raw foods and found high levels of hydrolytic and oxidative damage to all four DNA bases upon cooking. Exposing cultured cells to damaged 2'-deoxynucleosides (particularly pyrimidines) resulted in elevated DNA damage and repair responses in the cells. Feeding a deaminated 2'-deoxynucleoside (2'-deoxyuridine), and DNA containing it, to mice resulted in substantial uptake into intestinal genomic DNA and promoted double-strand chromosomal breaks there. The results suggest the possibility of a previously unrecognized pathway whereby high-temperature cooking may contribute to genetic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Woong Jun
- Department of Chemistry, Sarafan ChEM-H, and Stanford Cancer InstituteStanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Melis Kant
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Erdem Coskun
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute
for Bioscience & Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Takamitsu A. Kato
- Department
of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Elizabeth Palafox
- Department of Chemistry, Sarafan ChEM-H, and Stanford Cancer InstituteStanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Eric T. Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Sarafan ChEM-H, and Stanford Cancer InstituteStanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Jaruga P, Tomar R, Kant M, Vartanian V, Sexton B, Rizzo CJ, Turesky RJ, Stone MP, Lloyd RS, Dizdaroglu M. Synthesis and Characterization of 15N 5-Labeled Aflatoxin B 1-Formamidopyrimidines and Aflatoxin B 1-N7-Guanine from a Partial Double-Stranded Oligodeoxynucleotide as Internal Standards for Mass Spectrometric Measurements. ACS Omega 2023; 8:14841-14854. [PMID: 37125130 PMCID: PMC10134230 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure through contaminated food is a primary contributor to hepatocellular carcinogenesis worldwide. Hepatitis B viral infections in livers dramatically increase the carcinogenic potency of AFB1 exposures. Liver cytochrome P450 oxidizes AFB1 to the epoxide, which in turn reacts with N7-guanine in DNA, producing the cationic trans-8,9-dihydro-8-(N7-guanyl)-9-hydroxyaflatoxin B1 adduct (AFB1-N7-Gua). The opening of the imidazole ring of AFB1-N7-Gua under physiological conditions causes the formation of the cis- and trans-diastereomers of 8,9-dihydro-8-(2,6-diamino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimid-5-yl-formamido)-9-hydroxyaflatoxin B1 (AFB1-FapyGua). These adducts primarily lead to G → T mutations, with AFB1-FapyGua being significantly more mutagenic than AFB1-N7-Gua. The unequivocal identification and accurate quantification of these AFB1-Gua adducts as biomarkers are essential for a fundamental understanding and prevention of AFB1-induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Among a variety of analytical techniques used for this purpose, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, with the use of the stable isotope-labeled analogues of AFB1-FapyGua and AFB1-N7-Gua as internal standards, provides the greatest accuracy and sensitivity. cis-AFB1-FapyGua-15N5, trans-AFB1-FapyGua-15N5, and AFB1-N7-Gua-15N5 have been synthesized and used successfully as internal standards. However, the availability of these standards from either academic institutions or commercial sources ceased to exist. Thus, quantitative genomic data regarding AFB1-induced DNA damage in animal models and humans remain challenging to obtain. Previously, AFB1-N7-Gua-15N5 was prepared by reacting AFB1-exo-8,9-epoxide with the uniformly 15N5-labeled DNA isolated from algae grown in a pure 15N-environment, followed by alkali treatment, resulting in the conversion of AFB1-N7-Gua-15N5 to AFB1-FapyGua-15N5. In the present work, we used a different and simpler approach to synthesize cis-AFB1-FapyGua-15N5, trans-AFB1-FapyGua-15N5, and AFB1-N7-Gua-15N5 from a partial double-stranded 11-mer Gua-15N5-labeled oligodeoxynucleotide, followed by isolation and purification. We also show the validation of these 15N5-labeled standards for the measurement of cis-AFB1-FapyGua, trans-AFB1-FapyGua, and AFB1-N7-Gua in DNA of livers of AFB1-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Jaruga
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Rachana Tomar
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Melis Kant
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Vladimir Vartanian
- Oregon
Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Benjamin Sexton
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Carmelo J. Rizzo
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Robert J. Turesky
- Masonic
Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Michael P. Stone
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - R. Stephen Lloyd
- Oregon
Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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Coskun E, Singh N, Scanlan LD, Jaruga P, Doak SH, Dizdaroglu M, Nelson BC. Inhibition of human APE1 and MTH1 DNA repair proteins by dextran-coated γ-Fe 2O 3 ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:2011-2021. [PMID: 36853189 PMCID: PMC10031551 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To quantitatively evaluate the inhibition of human DNA repair proteins APE1 and MTH1 by dextran-coated γ-Fe2O3 ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (dUSPIONs). Materials & methods: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with isotope-dilution was used to measure the expression levels of APE1 and MTH1 in MCL-5 cells exposed to increasing doses of dUSPIONs. The expression levels of APE1 and MTH1 were measured in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of cell extracts. Results: APE1 and MTH1 expression was significantly inhibited in both cell fractions at the highest dUSPION dose. The expression of MTH1 was linearly inhibited across the full dUSPION dose range in both fractions. Conclusion: These findings warrant further studies to characterize the capacity of dUSPIONs to inhibit other DNA repair proteins in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Coskun
- Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Neenu Singh
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Leona D Scanlan
- California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Shareen H Doak
- Institute of Life Science, Center for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical School, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Bryant C Nelson
- Biosystems & Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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Abstract
Recent publications have suggested that oxidative DNA damage mediated by hydroxyl radical (˙OH) is unimportant in vivo, and that carbonate anion radical (CO3˙-) plays the key role. We examine these claims and summarize the evidence that ˙OH does play a key role as an important member of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Centre for Life Sciences, #05-01A, 28 Medical Drive, 117456, Singapore.
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Kant M, Jaruga P, Coskun E, Ward S, Stark AD, Baumann T, Becker D, Adhikary A, Sevilla MD, Dizdaroglu M. Ne-22 Ion-Beam Radiation Damage to DNA: From Initial Free Radical Formation to Resulting DNA-Base Damage. ACS Omega 2021; 6:16600-16611. [PMID: 34235332 PMCID: PMC8246699 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report on the physicochemical processes and the products of DNA damage involved in Ne-22 ion-beam radiation of hydrated (12 ± 3 H2O/nucleotide) salmon testes DNA at 77 K. Free radicals trapped at 77 K were identified using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The measurement of DNA damage using two different techniques of mass spectrometry revealed the formation of numerous DNA products. Results obtained by ESR spectroscopy showed that as the linear energy transfer (LET) of the ion-beam radiation increases along the beam track, the production of DNA radicals correspondingly increases until just before the Bragg peak is reached. Yields of DNA products along the ion-beam track were in excellent agreement with the radical production. This work is the first to use the combination of ESR spectroscopy and mass spectrometric techniques enabling a better understanding of mechanisms of radiation damage to DNA by heavy ion beams detailing the formation of DNA free radicals and their subsequent products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Kant
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Erdem Coskun
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute
for Bioscience & Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Way, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United
States
| | - Samuel Ward
- Department
of Chemistry, Oakland University, 146 Library Drive, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Alexander D. Stark
- Department
of Chemistry, Oakland University, 146 Library Drive, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Thomas Baumann
- National
Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan
State University, 640
South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United
States
| | - David Becker
- Department
of Chemistry, Oakland University, 146 Library Drive, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Amitava Adhikary
- Department
of Chemistry, Oakland University, 146 Library Drive, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Michael D. Sevilla
- Department
of Chemistry, Oakland University, 146 Library Drive, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant C Nelson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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Kant M, Tahara YK, Jaruga P, Coskun E, Lloyd RS, Kool ET, Dizdaroglu M. Inhibition by Tetrahydroquinoline Sulfonamide Derivatives of the Activity of Human 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase (OGG1) for Several Products of Oxidatively induced DNA Base Lesions. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:45-51. [PMID: 33331782 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
DNA glycosylases involved in the first step of the DNA base excision repair pathway are promising targets in cancer therapy. There is evidence that reduction of their activities may enhance cell killing in malignant tumors. Recently, two tetrahydroquinoline compounds named SU0268 and SU0383 were reported to inhibit OGG1 for the excision of 8-hydroxyguanine. This DNA repair protein is one of the major cellular enzymes responsible for excision of a number of oxidatively induced lesions from DNA. In this work, we used gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with isotope-dilution to measure the excision of not only 8-hydroxyguanine but also that of the other major substrate of OGG1, i.e., 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine, using genomic DNA with multiple purine- and pyrimidine-derived lesions. The excision of a minor substrate 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine was also measured. Both SU0268 and SU0383 efficiently inhibited OGG1 activity for these three lesions, with the former being more potent than the latter. Dependence of inhibition on concentrations of SU0268 and SU0383 from 0.05 μmol/L to 10 μmol/L was also demonstrated. The approach used in this work may be applied to the investigation of OGG1 inhibition by SU0268 and SU0383 and other small molecule inhibitors in further studies including cellular and animal models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Kant
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Yu-ki Tahara
- Department of Chemistry, ChEM-H Institute and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Erdem Coskun
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - R. Stephen Lloyd
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Eric T. Kool
- Department of Chemistry, ChEM-H Institute and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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Suman S, Jaruga P, Dizdaroglu M, Fornace AJ, Datta K. Heavy ion space radiation triggers ongoing DNA base damage by downregulating DNA repair pathways. Life Sci Space Res (Amst) 2020; 27:27-32. [PMID: 34756227 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Long-duration space missions outside low earth orbit will expose astronauts to a cumulative dose of high-energy particle radiation especially to highly damaging heavy ion radiation, which poses considerable risk to astronauts' health. The purpose of the current study was to quantitatively identify oxidatively induced DNA base modifications and assess status of the repair pathways involved in removing the modified bases in mouse intestinal cells after exposure to γ-rays and iron radiation. Mice (C57BL/6J; 6 to 8 weeks; female) were exposed to 0.5 Gy of either γ-rays or iron radiation and control mice were sham-irradiated. Intestinal tissues were collected 2 months after radiation. DNA base lesions were measured using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with isotope‑dilution. Base excision repair (BER) and nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathways were assessed using PCR and immunoblotting. Effects of iron radiation were compared to γ-rays and sham-irradiated controls. Exposure to iron radiation resulted in significantly higher levels of several DNA base lesions relative to control animals and those exposed to γ radiation. Assessment of BER and NER showed downregulation of pathway factors both at the RNA as well as at the protein levels. Our results not only provide important insight into DNA damage pattern in intestinal cells in response to iron radiation, but they also confirm our previous immunohistochemistry data on oxidatively induced DNA damage. We suggest that downregulation of the BER and NER pathways is contributing to ongoing DNA base damages long time after radiation exposure and has implications for chronic diseases including gastrointestinal diseases after heavy ion radiation exposure during space travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Suman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Research Building, Room E518, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Research Building, Room E518, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Kamal Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Research Building, Room E518, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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Marsden CG, Jaruga P, Coskun E, Maher RL, Pederson DS, Dizdaroglu M, Sweasy JB. Expression of a germline variant in the N-terminal domain of the human DNA glycosylase NTHL1 induces cellular transformation without impairing enzymatic function or substrate specificity. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2262-2272. [PMID: 32595826 PMCID: PMC7299534 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidatively-induced DNA damage, widely accepted as a key player in the onset of cancer, is predominantly repaired by base excision repair (BER). BER is initiated by DNA glycosylases, which locate and remove damaged bases from DNA. NTHL1 is a bifunctional DNA glycosylase in mammalian cells that predominantly removes oxidized pyrimidines. In this study, we investigated a germline variant in the N-terminal domain of NTHL1, R33K. Expression of NTHL1 R33K in human MCF10A cells resulted in increased proliferation and anchorage-independent growth compared to NTHL1 WT-expressing cells. However, wt-NTHL1 and R33K-NTHL1 exhibited similar substrate specificity, excision kinetics, and enzyme turnover in vitro and in vivo. The results of this study indicate an important function of R33 in BER that is disrupted by the R33K mutation. Furthermore, the cellular transformation induced by R33K-NTHL1 expression suggests that humans harboring this germline variant may be at increased risk for cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn G Marsden
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Markey Center for Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.,Present address: Saint Michael's College, Colchester, VT 05439, USA
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Erdem Coskun
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.,Present address: Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Robyn L Maher
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Markey Center for Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - David S Pederson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Markey Center for Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Joann B Sweasy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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12
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Scanlan LD, Coskun SH, Jaruga P, Hanna SK, Sims CM, Almeida JL, Catoe D, Coskun E, Golan R, Dizdaroglu M, Nelson BC. Measurement of Oxidatively Induced DNA Damage in Caenorhabditis elegans with High-Salt DNA Extraction and Isotope-Dilution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12149-12155. [PMID: 31454479 PMCID: PMC6996937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is used extensively as a medical and toxicological model organism. However, little is known about background levels of oxidatively induced DNA damage in the nematode or how culturing methods affect DNA damage levels. The tough C. elegans cuticle makes it challenging to extract genomic DNA without harsh procedures that can artifactually increase DNA damage. Therefore, a mild extraction protocol based on enzymatic digestion of the C. elegans cuticle with high-salt phase-separation of DNA has been developed and optimized. This method allows for efficient extraction of >50 μg DNA using a minimum of 250000 nematodes grown in liquid culture. The extracted DNA exhibited acceptable RNA levels (<10% contamination), functionality in polymerase chain reaction assays, and reproducible DNA fragmentation. Gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) with isotope-dilution measured lower lesion levels in high-salt extracts than in phenol extracts. Phenolic extraction produced a statistically significant increase in 8-hydroxyguanine, a known artifact, and additional artifactual increases in 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine, 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine, and 8-hydroxyadenine. The high-salt DNA extraction procedure utilizes green solvents and reagents and minimizes artifactual DNA damage, making it more suitable for molecular and toxicological studies in C. elegans. This is, to our knowledge, the first use of GC-MS/MS to measure multiple 8,5'-cyclopurine-2'-deoxynucleosides in a toxicologically important terrestrial organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona D. Scanlan
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Sanem Hosbas Coskun
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, 06330, Turkey
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Shannon K. Hanna
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Christopher M. Sims
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jamie L. Almeida
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - David Catoe
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Erdem Coskun
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Rachel Golan
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Bryant C. Nelson
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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13
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Minko IG, Vartanian VL, Tozaki NN, Linde OK, Jaruga P, Coskun SH, Coskun E, Qu C, He H, Xu C, Chen T, Song Q, Jiao Y, Stone MP, Egli M, Dizdaroglu M, McCullough AK, Lloyd RS. Characterization of rare NEIL1 variants found in East Asian populations. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 79:32-39. [PMID: 31100703 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The combination of chronic dietary exposure to the fungal toxin, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection is associated with an increased risk for early onset hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). An in-depth knowledge of the mechanisms driving carcinogenesis is critical for the identification of genetic risk factors affecting the susceptibility of individuals who are HBV infected and AFB1 exposed. AFB1-induced mutagenesis is characterized by G to T transversions. Hence, the DNA repair pathways that function on AFB1-induced DNA adducts or base damage from HBV-induced inflammation are anticipated to have a strong role in limiting carcinogenesis. These pathways define the mutagenic burden in the target tissues and ultimately limit cellular progression to cancer. Murine data have demonstrated that NEIL1 in the DNA base excision repair pathway was significantly more important than nucleotide excision repair relative to elevated risk for induction of HCCs. These data suggest that deficiencies in NEIL1 could contribute to the initiation of HCCs in humans. To investigate this hypothesis, publicly-available data on variant alleles of NEIL1 were analyzed and compared with genome sequencing data from HCC tissues derived from individuals residing in Qidong County (China). Three variant alleles were identified and the corresponding A51V, P68H, and G245R enzymes were characterized for glycosylase activity on genomic DNA containing a spectrum of oxidatively-induced base damage and an oligodeoxynucleotide containing a site-specific AFB1-formamidopyrimidine guanine adduct. Although the efficiency of the P68H variant was modestly decreased, the A51V and G245R variants showed nearly wild-type activities. Consistent with biochemical findings, molecular modeling of these variants demonstrated only slight local structural alterations. However, A51V was highly temperature sensitive suggesting that its biological activity would be greatly reduced. Overall, these studies have direct human health relevance pertaining to genetic risk factors and biochemical pathways previously not recognized as germane to induction of HCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina G Minko
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, United States
| | - Vladimir L Vartanian
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, United States
| | - Naoto N Tozaki
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, United States
| | - Oskar K Linde
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, United States
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States
| | - Sanem Hosbas Coskun
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States
| | - Erdem Coskun
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States
| | - Chunfeng Qu
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Huan He
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Chungui Xu
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Taoyang Chen
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute & Qidong People's Hospital, Qidong, 226200, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qianqian Song
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Jiao
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Michael P Stone
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, United States
| | - Martin Egli
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, United States
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States
| | - Amanda K McCullough
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, United States; Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, United States
| | - R Stephen Lloyd
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, United States; Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, United States; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, United States.
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14
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Coskun E, Jaruga P, Vartanian V, Erdem O, Egner PA, Groopman JD, Lloyd RS, Dizdaroglu M. Aflatoxin-Guanine DNA Adducts and Oxidatively Induced DNA Damage in Aflatoxin-Treated Mice in Vivo as Measured by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Isotope Dilution. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 32:80-89. [PMID: 30525498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a significant contributor to the incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas globally. AFB1 exposure leads to the formation of AFB1-N7-guanine (AFB1-N7-Gua) and two diastereomers of the imidazole ring-opened 8,9-dihydro-8-(2,6-diamino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimid-5-yl-formamido)-9-hydroxyaflatoxin B1 (AFB1-FapyGua) in DNA. These adducts lead to G → T transversion mutations with the ring-opened adduct being more mutagenic than the cationic species. Accurate measurement of these three adducts as biomarkers in DNA and urine will help identify dietary exposure to AFB1 as a risk factor in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Herein, we report an improved methodology for the measurement of AFB1-N7-Gua and the two diastereomers of AFB1-FapyGua using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with isotope dilution. We measured the levels of these compounds in liver DNA of six control mice and six AFB1-treated mice. Levels varying from 1.5 to 45 lesions/106 DNA bases in AFB1-treated mice were detected depending on the compound and animal. No background levels of these adducts were detected in control mice. We also tested whether the AFB1 treatment caused oxidatively induced DNA base damage using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with isotope dilution. Although background levels of several pyrimidine- and purine-derived lesions were detected, no increases in these levels were found upon AFB1 treatment of mice. On the other hand, significantly increased levels of (5' R)- and (5' S)-8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosines were observed in liver DNA of AFB1-treated mice. The impact of this work is expected to achieve the accurate measurement of three AFB1-DNA adducts and oxidatively induced DNA lesions as biomarkers of AFB1 exposure as germane to investigations designed for the prevention of aflatoxin-related hepatocellular carcinomas and for determining the effects of genetic deficiencies in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Coskun
- Biomolecular Measurement Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biomolecular Measurement Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Vladimir Vartanian
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences , Oregon Health & Science University , Portland , Oregon 97239 , United States
| | - Onur Erdem
- Biomolecular Measurement Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States.,Department of Toxicology, Gülhane Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Health Sciences , Ankara 06010 , Turkey
| | - Patricia A Egner
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering , Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
| | - John D Groopman
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering , Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
| | - R Stephen Lloyd
- Department of Toxicology, Gülhane Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Health Sciences , Ankara 06010 , Turkey
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular Measurement Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
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15
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Hosoki K, Jaruga P, Itazawa T, Aguilera-Aguirre L, Coskun E, Hazra TK, Boldogh I, Dizdaroglu M, Sur S. Excision release of 5?hydroxycytosine oxidatively induced DNA base lesions from the lung genome by cat dander extract challenge stimulates allergic airway inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1676-1687. [PMID: 30244512 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ragweed pollen extract (RWPE) induces TLR4-NFκB-CXCL-dependent recruitment of ROS-generating neutrophils to the airway and OGG1 DNA glycosylase-dependent excision of oxidatively induced 8-OH-Gua DNA base lesions from the airway epithelial cell genome. Administration of free 8-OH-Gua base stimulates RWPE-induced allergic lung inflammation. These studies suggest that stimulation of innate receptors and their adaptor by allergenic extracts initiates excision of a set of DNA base lesions that facilitate innate/allergic lung inflammation. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that stimulation of a conserved innate receptor/adaptor pathway by allergenic extracts induces excision of a set of pro-inflammatory oxidatively induced DNA base lesions from the lung genome that stimulate allergic airway inflammation. METHODS Wild-type (WT), Tlr4KO, Tlr2KO, Myd88KO, and TrifKO mice were intranasally challenged once or repeatedly with cat dander extract (CDE), and innate or allergic inflammation and gene expression were quantified. We utilized GC-MS/MS to quantify a set of oxidatively induced DNA base lesions after challenge of naïve mice with CDE. RESULTS A single CDE challenge stimulated innate neutrophil recruitment that was partially dependent on TLR4 and TLR2, and completely on Myd88, but not TRIF. A single CDE challenge stimulated MyD88-dependent excision of DNA base lesions 5-OH-Cyt, FapyAde, and FapyGua from the lung genome. A single challenge of naïve WT mice with 5-OH-Cyt stimulated neutrophilic lung inflammation. Multiple CDE instillations stimulated MyD88-dependent allergic airway inflammation. Multiple administrations of 5-OH-Cyt with CDE stimulated allergic sensitization and allergic airway inflammation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE We show for the first time that CDE challenge stimulates MyD88-dependent excision of DNA base lesions. Our data suggest that the resultant-free base(s) contribute to CDE-induced innate/allergic lung inflammation. We suggest that blocking the MyD88 pathway in the airways with specific inhibitors may be a novel targeted strategy of inhibiting amplification of innate and adaptive immune inflammation in allergic diseases by oxidatively induced DNA base lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koa Hosoki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biomolecular Measurement Division National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Toshiko Itazawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | | | - Erdem Coskun
- Biomolecular Measurement Division National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Tapas K Hazra
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular Measurement Division National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Sanjiv Sur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Ceylan D, Tuna G, Kirkali G, Tunca Z, Can G, Arat HE, Kant M, Dizdaroglu M, Özerdem A. Oxidatively-induced DNA damage and base excision repair in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 65:64-72. [PMID: 29626765 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidatively-induced DNA damage has previously been associated with bipolar disorder. More recently, impairments in DNA repair mechanisms have also been reported. We aimed to investigate oxidatively-induced DNA lesions and expression of DNA glycosylases involved in base excision repair in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder compared to healthy individuals. DNA base lesions including both base and nucleoside modifications were measured using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with isotope-dilution in DNA samples isolated from leukocytes of euthymic patients with bipolar disorder (n = 32) and healthy individuals (n = 51). The expression of DNA repair enzymes OGG1 and NEIL1 were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The levels of malondialdehyde were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Seven DNA base lesions in DNA of leukocytes of patients and healthy individuals were identified and quantified. Three of them had significantly elevated levels in bipolar patients when compared to healthy individuals. No elevation of lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde was observed. The level of OGG1 expression was significantly reduced in bipolar patients compared to healthy individuals, whereas the two groups exhibited similar levels of NEIL1 expression. Our results suggest that oxidatively-induced DNA damage occurs and base excision repair capacity may be decreased in bipolar patients when compared to healthy individuals. Measurement of oxidatively-induced DNA base lesions and the expression of DNA repair enzymes may be of great importance for large scale basic research and clinical studies of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Ceylan
- Vocational School of Health Services, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Neuroscience, Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Gamze Tuna
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Güldal Kirkali
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zeliha Tunca
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Güneş Can
- Department of Psychiatry, Mardin State Hospital, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Hidayet Ece Arat
- Department of Psychology, Istanbul Gelişim University, Istanbul, Turkey, Turkey
| | - Melis Kant
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
| | - Ayşegül Özerdem
- Department of Neuroscience, Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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17
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Zahiruddin AS, Hosoki K, Tripple JW, Jaruga P, Coskun E, Rather C, Jacobs RL, Dizdaroglu M, Sur S. Quantification Of Genomic DNA Damage In Lung and Nasal Epithelium and Response To Allergen Challenge. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Jaruga P, Coskun E, Kimbrough K, Jacob A, Johnson WE, Dizdaroglu M. Biomarkers of oxidatively induced DNA damage in dreissenid mussels: A genotoxicity assessment tool for the Laurentian Great Lakes. Environ Toxicol 2017; 32:2144-2153. [PMID: 28568507 PMCID: PMC5669367 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Activities of fast growing human population are altering freshwater ecosystems, endangering their inhabitants and public health. Organic and trace compounds have a high potential for adverse impacts on aquatic organisms in some Great Lakes tributaries. Toxic compounds in tissues of organisms living in contaminated environments change their metabolism and alter cellular components. We measured oxidatively induced DNA damage in the soft tissues of dreissenid mussels to check on the possible contaminant-induced impact on their DNA. The animals were obtained from archived samples of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Mussel Watch Program. Mussels were collected from the harbor of Ashtabula River in Ohio, and a reference area located at the Lake Erie shore. Using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with isotope dilution, we identified and quantified numerous oxidatively modified DNA bases and 8,5'-cyclopurine-2'-deoxynucleosides. We found significant differences in the concentrations of these potentially mutagenic and/or lethal lesions in the DNA of mussels from the harbor as compared to the animals collected at the reference site. These results align NOAA's data showing that elevated concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and heavy metals were found in mussels within the harbor as compared to mussels collected in the reference site. The measured DNA lesions can be used as biomarkers for identifying DNA damage in mussels from polluted and reference sites. Such biomarkers are needed to identify the bioeffects of contaminants in affected organisms, as well as whether remedial actions have proven successful in reducing observed toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Jaruga
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Correspondence to: P. Jaruga, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, MS 8315, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA, Phone: 301-975-4617; Fax: 301-975-2125;
| | - Erdem Coskun
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kimani Kimbrough
- NOAA’s National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States
| | - Annie Jacob
- Consolidated Safety Services, 10301 Democracy Lane, Suite 300 Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - W. Edward Johnson
- NOAA’s National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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19
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Calkins MJ, Vartanian V, Owen N, Kirkali G, Jaruga P, Dizdaroglu M, McCullough AK, Lloyd RS. Enhanced sensitivity of Neil1 -/- mice to chronic UVB exposure. DNA Repair (Amst) 2016; 48:43-50. [PMID: 27818081 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced DNA base damage are thought to be central mediators of UV-induced carcinogenesis and skin aging. However, increased steady-state levels of ROS-induced DNA base damage have not been reported after chronic UV exposure. Accumulation of ROS-induced DNA base damage is governed by rates of lesion formation and repair. Repair is generally performed by Base Excision Repair (BER), which is initiated by DNA glycosylases, such as 8-oxoguanine glycosylase and Nei-Endonuclease VIII-Like 1 (NEIL1). In the current study, UV light (UVB) was used to elicit protracted low-level ROS challenge in wild-type (WT) and Neil1-/- mouse skin. Relative to WT controls, Neil1-/- mice showed an increased sensitivity to tissue destruction from the chronic UVB exposure, and corresponding enhanced chronic inflammatory responses as measured by cytokine message levels and profiling, as well as neutrophil infiltration. Additionally, levels of several ROS-induced DNA lesions were measured including 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyGua), 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyAde), 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OH-Gua), 5,6-dihydroxyuracil (5,6-diOH-Ura) and thymine glycol (ThyGly). In WT mice, chronic UVB exposure led to increased steady-state levels of FapyGua, FapyAde, and ThyGly with no significant increases in 8-OH-Gua or 5,6-diOH-Ura. Interestingly, the lesions that accumulated were all substrates of NEIL1. Collectively, these data suggest that NEIL1-initiated repair of a subset of ROS-induced DNA base lesions may be insufficient to prevent the initiation of inflammatory pathways during chronic UV exposure in mouse skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Calkins
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University Portland, OR 97239-3098, United States
| | - Vladimir Vartanian
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University Portland, OR 97239-3098, United States
| | - Nichole Owen
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University Portland, OR 97239-3098, United States
| | - Guldal Kirkali
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD 20899-8311, United States
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD 20899-8311, United States
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD 20899-8311, United States
| | - Amanda K McCullough
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University Portland, OR 97239-3098, United States; Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University Portland, OR 97239-3098, United States
| | - R Stephen Lloyd
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University Portland, OR 97239-3098, United States; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University Portland, OR 97239-3098, United States.
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20
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Kant M, Akış M, Çalan M, Arkan T, Bayraktar F, Dizdaroglu M, İşlekel H. Elevated urinary levels of 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine, (5'R)- and (5'S)-8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosines, and 8-iso-prostaglandin F 2α as potential biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with prediabetes. DNA Repair (Amst) 2016; 48:1-7. [PMID: 27769710 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prediabetes is the preclinical stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with intermediate state of hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia results in a state of oxidative stress, which may contribute to the production of insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction and long-term complications of diabetes. Novel approaches are required for prevention and treatment of diabetes. New biomarkers that can be used in risk stratification and therapy control as supplementary to current parameters are needed. These biomarkers may facilitate a more individualized and sufficient treatment of diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the levels of oxidatively induced DNA damage products, 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) (also known as 8-OH-dG), (5'R)- and (5'S)-8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosines (R-cdA and S-cdA), and the lipid peroxidation product 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) as reliable oxidative stress markers in patients with prediabetes or T2DM in comparison with healthy volunteers. Urine samples were collected from these subjects. Absolute quantification of 8-oxo-dG, R-cdA, S-cdA and 8-iso-PGF2α was achieved by liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. The levels of 8-oxo-dG, S-cdA and 8-iso-PGF2α were significantly greater in prediabetes patients than those in healthy volunteers. T2DM patients also had higher levels of 8-oxo-dG than healthy volunteers. No statistically significant difference was observed for R-cdA levels. 8-Oxo-dG levels positively correlated with R-cdA and S-cdA levels for prediabetes and newly diagnosed T2DM. S-cdA levels and HbA1c were found negatively correlated in prediabetes patients. Also 8-iso-PGF2α levels and HbA1c were found negatively correlated in prediabetes patients. These results indicate that oxidatively induced macromolecular damage appears before the establishment of T2DM. Thus, our data suggest that oxidatively induced DNA damage and lipid peroxidation products that were found to be elevated in prediabetic stage may be used as early disease markers in patients at risk for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Kant
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Merve Akış
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Çalan
- Division of Endocrinology, Izmir Bozkaya Research and Education Hospital, 35170, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Arkan
- Division of Endocrinology, Derince Research and Education Hospital, 41900, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Fırat Bayraktar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Hüray İşlekel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
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21
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Dizdaroglu M, Jacobs AC, Calkins MJ, Jadhav A, Dorjsuren D, Maloney D, Simeonov A, Donley N, Jaruga P, Coskun E, Mccullough AK, Lloyd S. Inhibition of DNA glycosylases in development of cancer therapeutics. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Coskun E, Jaruga P, Jemth A, Loseva O, Leona S, Tona A, Lowenthal M, Reddy P, Helleday T, Dizdaroglu M. Introducing a new method for absolute quantification of DNA repair proteins in relation to drug development: LC–MS/MS with isotope dilution. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gassman NR, Coskun E, Jaruga P, Dizdaroglu M, Wilson SH. Combined Effects of High-Dose Bisphenol A and Oxidizing Agent (KBrO3) on Cellular Microenvironment, Gene Expression, and Chromatin Structure of Ku70-deficient Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts. Environ Health Perspect 2016; 124:1241-52. [PMID: 27082013 PMCID: PMC4977032 DOI: 10.1289/ehp237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has been reported to alter global gene expression, induce epigenetic modifications, and interfere with complex regulatory networks of cells. In addition to these reprogramming events, we have demonstrated that BPA exposure generates reactive oxygen species and promotes cellular survival when co-exposed with the oxidizing agent potassium bromate (KBrO3). OBJECTIVES We determined the cellular microenvironment changes induced by co-exposure of BPA and KBrO3 versus either agent alone. METHODS Ku70-deficient cells were exposed to 150 μM BPA, 20 mM KBrO3, or co-exposed to both agents. Four and 24 hr post-damage initiation by KBrO3, with BPA-only samples timed to coincide with these designated time points, we performed whole-genome microarray analysis and evaluated chromatin structure, DNA lesion load, glutathione content, and intracellular pH. RESULTS We found that 4 hr post-damage initiation, BPA exposure and co-exposure transiently condensed chromatin compared with untreated and KBrO3-only treated cells; the transcription of DNA repair proteins was also reduced. At this time point, BPA exposure and co-exposure also reduced the change in intracellular pH observed after treatment with KBrO3 alone. Twenty-four hours post-damage initiation, BPA-exposed cells showed less condensed chromatin than cells treated with KBrO3 alone; the intracellular pH of the co-exposed cells was significantly reduced compared with untreated and KBrO3-treated cells; and significant up-regulation of DNA repair proteins was observed after co-exposure. CONCLUSION These results support the induction of an adaptive response by BPA co-exposure that alters the microcellular environment and modulates DNA repair. Further work is required to determine whether BPA induces similar DNA lesions in vivo at environmentally relevant doses; however, in the Ku70-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts, exposure to a high dose of BPA was associated with changes in the cellular microenvironment that may promote survival. CITATION Gassman NR, Coskun E, Jaruga P, Dizdaroglu M, Wilson SH. 2016. Combined effects of high-dose bisphenol A and oxidizing agent (KBrO3) on cellular microenvironment, gene expression, and chromatin structure of Ku70-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Environ Health Perspect 124:1241-1252; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP237.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R. Gassman
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erdem Coskun
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Samuel H. Wilson
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Address correspondence to S.H. Wilson, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-12233 USA. Telephone: (919) 541-4701. E-mail:
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Abstract
The DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway, which utilizes DNA glycosylases to initiate repair of specific DNA lesions, is the major pathway for the repair of DNA damage induced by oxidation, alkylation, and deamination. Early results from clinical trials suggest that inhibiting certain enzymes in the BER pathway can be a useful anticancer strategy when combined with certain DNA-damaging agents or tumor-specific genetic deficiencies. Despite this general validation of BER enzymes as drug targets, there are many enzymes that function in the BER pathway that have few, if any, specific inhibitors. There is a growing body of evidence that suggests inhibition of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 (OGG1) could be useful as a monotherapy or in combination therapy to treat certain types of cancer. To identify inhibitors of OGG1, a fluorescence-based screen was developed to analyze OGG1 activity in a high-throughput manner. From a primary screen of ∼50,000 molecules, 13 inhibitors were identified, 12 of which were hydrazides or acyl hydrazones. Five inhibitors with an IC50 value of less than 1 μM were chosen for further experimentation and verified using two additional biochemical assays. None of the five OGG1 inhibitors reduced DNA binding of OGG1 to a 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxo-Gua)-containing substrate, but all five inhibited Schiff base formation during OGG1-mediated catalysis. All of these inhibitors displayed a >100-fold selectivity for OGG1 relative to several other DNA glycosylases involved in repair of oxidatively damaged bases. These inhibitors represent the most potent and selective OGG1 inhibitors identified to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Donley
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Erdem Coskun
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular
Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Amanda K. McCullough
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - R. Stephen Lloyd
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
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Coskun E, Jaruga P, Reddy PT, Dizdaroglu M. Extreme Expression of DNA Repair Protein Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 (APE1) in Human Breast Cancer As Measured by Liquid Chromatography and Isotope Dilution Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Biochemistry 2015; 54:5787-90. [PMID: 26359670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a DNA repair protein and plays other important roles. Increased levels of APE1 in cancer have been reported. However, available methods for measuring APE1 levels are indirect and not quantitative. We previously developed an approach using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry with isotope dilution to accurately measure APE1 levels. Here, we applied this methodology to measure APE1 levels in normal and cancerous human breast tissues. Extreme expression of APE1 in malignant tumors was observed, suggesting that breast cancer cells may require APE1 for survival. Accurate measurement of APE1 may be essential for the development of novel treatment strategies and APE1 inhibitors as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Coskun
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States.,Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Prasad T Reddy
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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Coskun E, Jaruga P, Jemth AS, Loseva O, Scanlan LD, Tona A, Lowenthal MS, Helleday T, Dizdaroglu M. Addiction to MTH1 protein results in intense expression in human breast cancer tissue as measured by liquid chromatography-isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Reddy PT, Jaruga P, Nelson BC, Lowenthal MS, Jemth AS, Loseva O, Coskun E, Helleday T, Dizdaroglu M. Production, Purification, and Characterization of ¹⁵N-Labeled DNA Repair Proteins as Internal Standards for Mass Spectrometric Measurements. Methods Enzymol 2015; 566:305-32. [PMID: 26791985 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidatively induced DNA damage is caused in living organisms by a variety of damaging agents, resulting in the formation of a multiplicity of lesions, which are mutagenic and cytotoxic. Unless repaired by DNA repair mechanisms before DNA replication, DNA lesions can lead to genomic instability, which is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Oxidatively induced DNA damage is mainly repaired by base excision repair pathway with the involvement of a plethora of proteins. Cancer tissues develop greater DNA repair capacity than normal tissues by overexpressing DNA repair proteins. Increased DNA repair in tumors that removes DNA lesions generated by therapeutic agents before they became toxic is a major mechanism in the development of therapy resistance. Evidence suggests that DNA repair capacity may be a predictive biomarker of patient response. Thus, knowledge of DNA-protein expressions in disease-free and cancerous tissues may help predict and guide development of treatments and yield the best therapeutic response. Our laboratory has developed methodologies that use mass spectrometry with isotope dilution for the measurement of expression of DNA repair proteins in human tissues and cultured cells. For this purpose, full-length (15)N-labeled analogs of a number of human DNA repair proteins have been produced and purified to be used as internal standards for positive identification and accurate quantification. This chapter describes in detail the protocols of this work. The use of (15)N-labeled proteins as internal standards for the measurement of several DNA repair proteins in vivo is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad T Reddy
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biochemical Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Bryant C Nelson
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark S Lowenthal
- Biochemical Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Ann-Sofie Jemth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Loseva
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erdem Coskun
- Biochemical Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biochemical Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
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Abstract
Oxidatively induced damage caused by free radicals and other DNA-damaging agents generate a plethora of products in the DNA of living organisms. There is mounting evidence for the involvement of this type of damage in the etiology of numerous diseases including carcinogenesis. For a thorough understanding of the mechanisms, cellular repair, and biological consequences of DNA damage, accurate measurement of resulting products must be achieved. There are various analytical techniques, with their own advantages and drawbacks, which can be used for this purpose. Mass spectrometric techniques with isotope dilution, which include gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC), provide structural elucidation of products and ascertain accurate quantification, which are absolutely necessary for reliable measurement. Both gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), in single or tandem versions, have been used for the measurement of numerous DNA products such as sugar and base lesions, 8,5'-cyclopurine-2'-deoxynucleosides, base-base tandem lesions, and DNA-protein crosslinks, in vitro and in vivo. This article reviews these techniques and their applications in the measurement of oxidatively induced DNA damage and its repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, MD , USA
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29
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Pang D, Nico JS, Karam L, Timofeeva O, Blakely WF, Dritschilo A, Dizdaroglu M, Jaruga P. Significant disparity in base and sugar damage in DNA resulting from neutron and electron irradiation. J Radiat Res 2014; 55:1081-1088. [PMID: 25034731 PMCID: PMC4229924 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rru059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a comparison of the effects of neutron and electron irradiation of aqueous DNA solutions was investigated to characterize potential neutron signatures in DNA damage induction. Ionizing radiation generates numerous lesions in DNA, including base and sugar lesions, lesions involving base-sugar combinations (e.g. 8,5'-cyclopurine-2'-deoxynucleosides) and DNA-protein cross-links, as well as single- and double-strand breaks and clustered damage. The characteristics of damage depend on the linear energy transfer (LET) of the incident radiation. Here we investigated DNA damage using aqueous DNA solutions in 10 mmol/l phosphate buffer from 0-80 Gy by low-LET electrons (10 Gy/min) and the specific high-LET (∼0.16 Gy/h) neutrons formed by spontaneous (252)Cf decay fissions. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), (5'R)-8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine (R-cdA) and (5'S)-8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine (S-cdA) were quantified using liquid chromatography-isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry to demonstrate a linear dose dependence for induction of 8-OH-dG by both types of radiation, although neutron irradiation was ∼50% less effective at a given dose compared with electron irradiation. Electron irradiation resulted in an exponential increase in S-cdA and R-cdA with dose, whereas neutron irradiation induced substantially less damage and the amount of damage increased only gradually with dose. Addition of 30 mmol/l 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (TRIS), a free radical scavenger, to the DNA solution before irradiation reduced lesion induction to background levels for both types of radiation. These results provide insight into the mechanisms of DNA damage by high-LET (252)Cf decay neutrons and low-LET electrons, leading to enhanced understanding of the potential biological effects of these types of irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalong Pang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Road, LL Bles, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Nico
- Radiation Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Lisa Karam
- Radiation Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Olga Timofeeva
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Road, LL Bles, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - William F Blakely
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiological Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Anatoly Dritschilo
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Road, LL Bles, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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Nyaga SG, Jaruga P, Lohani A, Dizdaroglu M, Evans MK. Accumulation of Oxidatively Induced DNA Damage in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines Following Treatment with Hydrogen Peroxide. Cell Cycle 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/cc.6.12.4301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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31
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Dizdaroglu M, Jaruga P. Abstract 2421: Small molecule inhibitors of DNA glycosylases as potential drugs in cancer therapy. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-2421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
DNA glycosylases are required to initiate the DNA base excision repair pathway of lesions that are formed by DNA damage. Recently, several DNA glycosylases including NEIL1, OGG1 and NTH1 were identified as potential targets in combination chemotherapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. The potential therapeutic benefit for the inhibition of DNA glycosylases was validated by demonstrating synthetic lethality with drugs that are commonly used to limit DNA replication through dNTP pool depletion. Additionally, NEIL1-associated synthetic lethality has been achieved in combination with Fanconi anemia, group G. In this work, we designed experimental strategies to discover small molecule inhibitors of NEIL1, with subsequent analyses of the specificity of those molecules for other DNA glycosylases. Using NEIL1 as the proof-of-principle DNA glycosylase, we developed a fluorescence-based assay that utilizes incision of site-specifically modified oligodeoxynucleotides to detect enzymatic activity. Among the top hits of these screens were several purine analogs, whose postulated presence in the active site of NEIL1 was consistent with the paradigm of NEIL1 recognition and excision of purine-derived lesions. We also applied gas chromatography/isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry for the measurement of the effect of preferred small molecule inhibitors on activities of the DNA glycosylases NEIL1, OGG1 and NTH1. The release of modified bases, which are known substrates of these enzymes, was measured in the presence and absence of the inhibitors. These data revealed that several of the purine analogs were general glycosylase inhibitors with one compound being the most effective inhibitor for all three enzymes. However, there were significance differences in inhibition of enzymatic activities among these three DNA glycosylases. Overall, this work forms the foundation for the future discovery of DNA repair inhibitors as drugs in cancer therapy for the entire family of DNA glycosylases.
Citation Format: Miral Dizdaroglu, Pawel Jaruga. Small molecule inhibitors of DNA glycosylases as potential drugs in cancer therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2421. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2421
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Affiliation(s)
- Miral Dizdaroglu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
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Abstract
In the γ-radiolysis of N2O saturated aqueous solutions of meso-erythritol (10-2 mol/1) the following products (G-values) are formed: erythrose (1) (1.3), erythrulose (2) (1.4), 2-deoxy-tetrose (3) (0.70), butanediol- (3,4)-on- (2) (4) (0.75), butanediol- (1,4) -on- (2) (5) (~0.1), glycerol aldehyde (6) (∼0.1), glycol aldehyde (?) (7) (<0.1) and dimers (8) (0.45). The formation of the products can be explained by the attack of the water radicals (OH and H) on the meso-erythritol to give primarily meso-erythritol radicals. These radicals may disproportionate (products: 1 and 2), eliminate water, or fragment. The dimers 8 and the products 3-5 contain deoxy-groups attached to a carbonyl function. Their precursors are meso-erythritol radicals which have split off water before dimerization or disproportionation. 6 and 7 seem to arise from β-fragmentation processes of the primary meso-erythritol radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Dizdaroglu
- Bundesforschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelfrischhaltung, 75 Karlsruhe 1
| | - H. Scherz
- Bundesforschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelfrischhaltung, 75 Karlsruhe 1
| | - C. Von Sonntag
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Abt. Strahlenchemie, 433 Mülheim/Ruhr
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Dizdaroglu M, Neuwald K, Sonntag CV. Radiation Chemistry of DNA Model Compounds, IX. Carbohydrate Products in the γ-Radiolysis of Thymidine in Aqueous Solution. The Radical-Induced Scission of the N-Glycosidic Bond. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1976-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the γ-radiolysis of deoxygenated N2O-saturated aqueous solutions of thymidine (10-3 M, room temperature, dose rate 4· 1018 eV/g.h., dose 6.7 1017-3.3 • 1018 eV/g) the following products (G-values in parentheses) have been identified : 2,5-dideoxy-pentos-4-ulose (1) (0.01), 2,4-dideoxy-pentodialdose (2) (0.02), 2,4-dideoxy-pentos-3-ulose (3) (0.03), 2,3-dideoxy-pentos-4-ulose (4) (0.01), 2-deoxy-pentos-4-ulose (5) (0.1), 2-deoxyribonic acid (6) (0.02) and thymine (8) ( ≤ 0.2). In the presence of oxygen (N2O/O2 80/20 v/v saturated) products 1-4 are absent, G (5) = 0.2, G (6) = 0.07 and G (8) ≤ 0.4. Furthermore, 2-deoxy-tetrodialdose (7) which is absent in deoxygenated solution is formed with a G-value of 0.03. Mechanisms are proposed to account for the scission of the N-glycosidic linkage. Product 6 is thought to be due to a primary OH radical attack at C-1′ of the sugar moiety, 8 arises from an attack at C-3′, 1, 4 and 5 from an attack at C-4′, and 2 and 7 from an attack at C-5′.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miral Dizdaroglu
- Institut für Strahlenchemie im Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim a. d. Ruhr
| | - Klaus Neuwald
- Institut für Strahlenchemie im Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim a. d. Ruhr
| | - Clemens Von Sonntag
- Institut für Strahlenchemie im Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim a. d. Ruhr
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Dizdaroglu M, Henneberg D, Schomburg G, Sonntag CV. Radiation Chemistry of Carbohydrates, VI: γ-Radiolysis of Glucose in Deoxygenated N2O Saturated Aqueous Solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1975-5-622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the γ-radiolysis of deoxygenated N2O-saturated aqueous solutions of D-glucose (10-2 M, 1 · 1019 - 4 · 1019 eV/g, dose rate 4.3 · 1018 eV/g · h at 25°C), the following products have been identified: Gluconic acid (1), 2-deoxy-gluconic acid (2), arabinose (3), 2-deoxy-ribose (4), 5-deoxy-gluconic acid (5), glucosone (6), 3-deoxy-glucosone (7), 3-keto-glucose (8), [2-deoxy-3-keto-glucose (9), 4-deoxy-3-keto-glucose (10)]3, 4-ketoglucose (11), 3-deoxy-4-keto-glucose (12), 5-deoxy-4-keto-glucose (13), 5-keto-glucose (14), 2-deoxy-5-keto-glucose (15), 4-deoxy-5-keto-glucose (16), 6-deoxy-5-keto-glucose (17), gluco-hexodialdose (18), 5-deoxy-xylo-hexodialdose (19), ribose (20), xylose (21), erythrose (22), threose (23), 3-deoxy-pentulose (24), 2-butanone-(1,4)-diol (25), and dihydroxyacetone (26). G-values were also determined.
In the primary processes OH radicals and H atoms from the radiolysis of the solvent water abstract carbon bound hydrogen atoms from D-glucose to give all six possible primary glucosyl radicals. The observed products are formed in disproportionation reactions of the primary glucosyl radicals (1, 6, 8, 11, 14, 18) or of sugar radicals which originate from the primary glucosyl radicals by water elimination (2, 4, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19), rearrangements (5, 14, 15), or loss of carbon monoxide (3, 4, 20).
Products 1-5 and probably 20 have primary glucosyl radicals with the odd electron at C-1 as precursors. Radicals with the free spin at C-2 give rise to the products 6 and 7. Attack at C-3 yield products 8-10, at C-4 products 11-13, at C-5 products 14-17, and an attack at C-6 products 18 and 19. Products 21-26 are formed in very low yields and hence are of minor importance. Their mechanism of formation has not been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miral Dizdaroglu
- Institut für Strahlenchemie im Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim a. d. Ruhr
| | - Dieter Henneberg
- Institut für Strahlenchemie im Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim a. d. Ruhr
| | - Gerhard Schomburg
- Institut für Strahlenchemie im Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim a. d. Ruhr
| | - Clemens von Sonntag
- Institut für Strahlenchemie im Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim a. d. Ruhr
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Affiliation(s)
- C. von Sonntag
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Abteilung Strahlenchemie
| | - M. Dizdaroglu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Abteilung Strahlenchemie
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Dizdaroglu M, Von Sonntag C. Strahlenchemie von Kohlenhydraten, IV. γ-Radiolyse von Cellobiose in N2O-gesättigter wäßriger Lösung / γ-Radiolysis of Cellobiose in N2O Saturated Aqueous Solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1973-9-1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
After γ-radiolysis of N2O saturated deoxygenated aqueous solutions of cellobiose (10-2Μ) the following products have been determined: Glucose, gluconic acid, 5-keto-glucose, 4-deoxy-glucose, 5-deoxy-gluconic acid, 2-deoxy-gluconic acid, 3-deoxy-4-keto-glucose, 2-deoxy-5-keto-glucose, 4-deoxy-5-keto-glucose, arabinose, 2-deoxy-ribose, ribose, erythrose, threose, 2-deoxy-tetrose, dihydroxy acetone, 3-deoxy-pentulose, 2-butanone-1,4-diol, 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural, carbon monoxid, and C12-acids (probably cellobionic acid and 2-deoxy-cellobionic acid). Analytical techniques were column chromatography, t. l. c. and g. l. c. combined with m. s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miral Dizdaroglu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Abteilung Strahlenchemie, Mülheim/Ruhr
| | - Clemens Von Sonntag
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Abteilung Strahlenchemie, Mülheim/Ruhr
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Kirkali G, Jaruga P, Reddy PT, Tona A, Nelson BC, Li M, Wilson DM, Dizdaroglu M. Identification and quantification of DNA repair protein apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) in human cells by liquid chromatography/isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69894. [PMID: 23922845 PMCID: PMC3726725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unless repaired, DNA damage can drive mutagenesis or cell death. DNA repair proteins may therefore be used as biomarkers in disease etiology or therapeutic response prediction. Thus, the accurate determination of DNA repair protein expression and genotype is of fundamental importance. Among DNA repair proteins involved in base excision repair, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is the major endonuclease in mammals and plays important roles in transcriptional regulation and modulating stress responses. Here, we present a novel approach involving LC-MS/MS with isotope-dilution to positively identify and accurately quantify APE1 in human cells and mouse tissue. A completely 15N-labeled full-length human APE1 was produced and used as an internal standard. Fourteen tryptic peptides of both human APE1 (hAPE1) and 15N-labeled hAPE1 were identified following trypsin digestion. These peptides matched the theoretical peptides expected from trypsin digestion and provided a statistically significant protein score that would unequivocally identify hAPE1. Using the developed methodology, APE1 was positively identified and quantified in nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts of multiple human cell lines and mouse liver using selected-reaction monitoring of typical mass transitions of the tryptic peptides. We also show that the methodology can be applied to the identification of hAPE1 variants found in the human population. The results describe a novel approach for the accurate measurement of wild-type and variant forms of hAPE1 in vivo, and ultimately for defining the role of this protein in disease development and treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güldal Kirkali
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Prasad T. Reddy
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alessandro Tona
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bryant C. Nelson
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mengxia Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David M. Wilson
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Dizdaroglu M. Abstract 618: Identification and quantification of human DNA repair protein NEIL1 by liquid chromatography/isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry as a potential cancer biomarker. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Accumulated evidence points to DNA repair capacity as an important therapeutic factor in cancer in predicting patient response to DNA-damaging agents such as chemotherapeutic drugs and ionizing radiation. Recent findings suggest that some types of malignant tumors possess increased DNA repair capacity that may affect the therapy and outcome of cancer. Thus, the knowledge of the over-expression or under-expression levels of DNA repair proteins in tumors and disease-free tissues will help develop and guide treatment strategies that will likely lead to the best treatment results for patients. In this context, DNA repair proteins are becoming predictive, prognostic and therapeutic factors in cancer, and also promising drug targets for cancer treatment as DNA repair inhibitors are being developed to increase the efficacy of cancer therapy. We developed assays for the mass spectrometric measurement in tissues of the human DNA repair protein NEIL1 (hNEIL1), which is involved in base excision and nucleotide excision repair pathways of oxidatively induced DNA damage. There is strong evidence for a critical role of NEIL1 in maintaining the genetic stability and in prevention of diseases such as cancer and metabolic syndrome. We applied liquid chromatography/isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), using the fully 15N-labeled analogue of hNEIL1 (15N-hNEIL1) as an internal standard, which we produced, purified and characterized. Both hNEIL1 and 15N-hNEIL1 were hydrolyzed with trypsin. Eighteen tryptic peptides of each protein were identified by LC-MS/MS on the basis of their full-scan mass spectra. These peptides matched the theoretical peptides expected from trypsin hydrolysis of hNEIL1, and provided a statistically significant protein score that would unequivocally identify hNEIL1. The product ion spectra of the tryptic peptides of both proteins were recorded and the characteristic product ions were defined. Selected-reaction monitoring was used to analyze mixtures of hNEIL1 and 15N-hNEIL1 on the basis of product ions. We also showed the detection of these proteins following their separation by gel electrophoresis and in-gel trypsin digestion. Our results suggest that the assays developed would be highly suitable for the positive identification and accurate quantification of hNEIL1 in tissues in vivo as a potential cancer biomarker.
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Citation Format: Miral Dizdaroglu. Identification and quantification of human DNA repair protein NEIL1 by liquid chromatography/isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry as a potential cancer biomarker. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 618. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-618
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Affiliation(s)
- Miral Dizdaroglu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
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Petersen EJ, Tu X, Dizdaroglu M, Zheng M, Nelson BC. Protective roles of single-wall carbon nanotubes in ultrasonication-induced DNA base damage. Small 2013; 9:205-208. [PMID: 22987483 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The overall level of ultrasonication-induced DNA damage is reduced in the presence of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), particularly for DNA lesions formed by one-electron reduction of intermediate radicals. The protective role of SWCNTs observed in this work suggests a contrary view to the general idea that carbon nanotubes have damaging effects on biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J Petersen
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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Reddy PT, Jaruga P, Kirkali G, Tuna G, Nelson BC, Dizdaroglu M. Identification and Quantification of Human DNA Repair Protein NEIL1 by Liquid Chromatography/Isotope-Dilution Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:1049-61. [DOI: 10.1021/pr301037t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasad T. Reddy
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Güldal Kirkali
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Gamze Tuna
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
Maryland 20899, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, School
of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir,
Turkey
| | - Bryant C. Nelson
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
Maryland 20899, United States
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Tanaka M, Jaruga P, Küpfer PA, Leumann CJ, Dizdaroglu M, Sonntag WE, Chock PB. RNA oxidation catalyzed by cytochrome c leads to its depurination and cross-linking, which may facilitate cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:854-62. [PMID: 22683603 PMCID: PMC4319184 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that RNA oxidation is correlated with a number of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, and RNA oxidation has also been shown to induce dysfunction in protein synthesis. Here we study in vitro RNA oxidation catalyzed by cytochrome c (cyt c)/H(2)O(2) or by the Fe(II)/ascorbate/H(2)O(2) system. Our results reveal that the products of RNA oxidation vary with the oxidant used. Guanosine residues are preferentially oxidized by cyt c/H(2)O(2) relative to the Fe(II)/ascorbate/H(2)O(2) system. GC/MS and LC/MS analyses demonstrated that the guanine base was not only oxidized but also depurinated to form an abasic sugar moiety. Results from gel electrophoresis and HPLC analyses show that RNA formed a cross-linked complex with cyt c in an H(2)O(2) concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, when cyt c was associated with liposomes composed of cardiolipin/phosphatidylcholine, and incubated with RNA and H(2)O(2), it was found cross-linked with the oxidized RNA and dissociated from the liposome. Results of the quantitative analysis indicate that the release of the cyt c from the liposome is facilitated by the formation of an RNA-cyt c cross-linked complex. Thus, RNA oxidation may facilitate the release of cyt c from the mitochondrial membrane to induce apoptosis in response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiei Tanaka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Corresponding author. Fax: +1 301 295 3566. (M. Tanaka)
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Pascal A. Küpfer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian J. Leumann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - William E. Sonntag
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - P. Boon Chock
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Corresponding author. Fax: +1 301 451 5459. (P. Boon Chock)
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Abstract
Endogenous and exogenous sources cause free radical-induced DNA damage in living organisms by a variety of mechanisms. The highly reactive hydroxyl radical reacts with the heterocyclic DNA bases and the sugar moiety near or at diffusion-controlled rates. Hydrated electron and H atom also add to the heterocyclic bases. These reactions lead to adduct radicals, further reactions of which yield numerous products. These include DNA base and sugar products, single- and double-strand breaks, 8,5'-cyclopurine-2'-deoxynucleosides, tandem lesions, clustered sites and DNA-protein cross-links. Reaction conditions and the presence or absence of oxygen profoundly affect the types and yields of the products. There is mounting evidence for an important role of free radical-induced DNA damage in the etiology of numerous diseases including cancer. Further understanding of mechanisms of free radical-induced DNA damage, and cellular repair and biological consequences of DNA damage products will be of outmost importance for disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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Jaruga P, Rozalski R, Jawien A, Migdalski A, Olinski R, Dizdaroglu M. DNA Damage Products (5′R)- and (5′S)-8,5′-Cyclo-2′-deoxyadenosines as Potential Biomarkers in Human Urine for Atherosclerosis. Biochemistry 2012; 51:1822-4. [DOI: 10.1021/bi201912c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Jaruga
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
Maryland 20899, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
Maryland 20899, United States
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Atha DH, Wang H, Petersen EJ, Cleveland D, Holbrook RD, Jaruga P, Dizdaroglu M, Xing B, Nelson BC. Copper oxide nanoparticle mediated DNA damage in terrestrial plant models. Environ Sci Technol 2012; 46:1819-27. [PMID: 22201446 DOI: 10.1021/es202660k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles, due to their unique electrical, mechanical, and catalytic properties, are presently found in many commercial products and will be intentionally or inadvertently released at increasing concentrations into the natural environment. Metal- and metal oxide-based nanomaterials have been shown to act as mediators of DNA damage in mammalian cells, organisms, and even in bacteria, but the molecular mechanisms through which this occurs are poorly understood. For the first time, we report that copper oxide nanoparticles induce DNA damage in agricultural and grassland plants. Significant accumulation of oxidatively modified, mutagenic DNA lesions (7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine; 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine; 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine) and strong plant growth inhibition were observed for radish (Raphanus sativus), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), and annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) under controlled laboratory conditions. Lesion accumulation levels mediated by copper ions and macroscale copper particles were measured in tandem to clarify the mechanisms of DNA damage. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of multiple DNA lesion formation and accumulation in plants. These findings provide impetus for future investigations on nanoparticle-mediated DNA damage and repair mechanisms in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald H Atha
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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Dizdaroglu M. Oxidatively induced DNA damage: mechanisms, repair and disease. Cancer Lett 2012; 327:26-47. [PMID: 22293091 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous and exogenous sources cause oxidatively induced DNA damage in living organisms by a variety of mechanisms. The resulting DNA lesions are mutagenic and, unless repaired, lead to a variety of mutations and consequently to genetic instability, which is a hallmark of cancer. Oxidatively induced DNA damage is repaired in living cells by different pathways that involve a large number of proteins. Unrepaired and accumulated DNA lesions may lead to disease processes including carcinogenesis. Mutations also occur in DNA repair genes, destabilizing the DNA repair system. A majority of cancer cell lines have somatic mutations in their DNA repair genes. In addition, polymorphisms in these genes constitute a risk factor for cancer. In general, defects in DNA repair are associated with cancer. Numerous DNA repair enzymes exist that possess different, but sometimes overlapping substrate specificities for removal of oxidatively induced DNA lesions. In addition to the role of DNA repair in carcinogenesis, recent evidence suggests that some types of tumors possess increased DNA repair capacity that may lead to therapy resistance. DNA repair pathways are drug targets to develop DNA repair inhibitors to increase the efficacy of cancer therapy. Oxidatively induced DNA lesions and DNA repair proteins may serve as potential biomarkers for early detection, cancer risk assessment, prognosis and for monitoring therapy. Taken together, a large body of accumulated evidence suggests that oxidatively induced DNA damage and its repair are important factors in the development of human cancers. Thus this field deserves more research to contribute to the development of cancer biomarkers, DNA repair inhibitors and treatment approaches to better understand and fight cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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Kirkali G, Keles D, Canda AE, Terzi C, Reddy PT, Jaruga P, Dizdaroglu M, Oktay G. Evidence for upregulated repair of oxidatively induced DNA damage in human colorectal cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2011; 10:1114-20. [PMID: 21924963 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis may involve overproduction of oxygen-derived species including free radicals, which are capable of damaging DNA and other biomolecules in vivo. Increased DNA damage contributes to genetic instability and promote the development of malignancy. We hypothesized that the repair of oxidatively induced DNA base damage may be modulated in colorectal malignant tumors, resulting in lower levels of DNA base lesions than in surrounding pathologically normal tissues. To test this hypothesis, we investigated oxidatively induced DNA damage in cancerous tissues and their surrounding normal tissues of patients with colorectal cancer. The levels of oxidatively induced DNA lesions such as 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine, 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine, 8-hydroxyguanine and (5'S)-8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine were measured by gas chromatography/isotope-dilution mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry. We found that the levels of these DNA lesions were significantly lower in cancerous colorectal tissues than those in surrounding non-cancerous tissues. In addition, the level of DNA lesions varied between colon and rectum tissues, being lower in the former than in the latter. The results strongly suggest upregulation of DNA repair in malignant colorectal tumors that may contribute to the resistance to therapeutic agents affecting the disease outcome and patient survival. The type of DNA base lesions identified in this work suggests the upregulation of both base excision and nucleotide excision pathways. Development of DNA repair inhibitors targeting both repair pathways may be considered for selective killing of malignant tumors in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güldal Kirkali
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey.
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Dizdaroglu M, Reddy PT, Jaruga P. Identification and Quantification of DNA Repair Proteins by Liquid Chromatography/Isotope-Dilution Tandem Mass Spectrometry Using Their Fully 15N-Labeled Analogues as Internal Standards. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:3802-13. [DOI: 10.1021/pr200269j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8311, United States
| | - Prasad T. Reddy
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8311, United States
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8311, United States
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Dizdaroglu M, Jaruga P, Reddy P. Abstract 3891: Identification and quantification of DNA repair proteins by liquid chromatography/isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry using 15N-labeled whole proteins as internal standards. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-3891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Reduced DNA repair capacity is associated with increased risk for a variety of disease processes including carcinogenesis. Thus, DNA repair proteins have the potential to be used as important predictive, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers in cancer and other diseases. The measurement of the expression level of these enzymes may be an excellent tool for this purpose. Mass spectrometry is becoming the technique of choice for the identification and quantification of proteins. We applied liquid chromatography/ isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the identification and quantification of DNA repair proteins human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (hOGG1) and E. coli formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg), which are involved in base-excision repair of DNA damage. We over-expressed, purified and characterized 15N-labeled analogues of these proteins to be used as internal standards. 15N-labeled whole proteins are ideal internal standards to ensure the accuracy of quantification of proteins by mass spectrometry. DNA glycosylase activities of 15N-labeled hOGG1 and 15N-labeled Fpg were determined and found to be essentially identical to those of their respective unlabeled counterparts, ascertaining that the 15N-labeling did not perturb their catalytic sites. hOGG1, Fpg and their 15N-labeled analogues were digested with trypsin and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. A large number of tryptic peptides of both proteins were identified on the basis of their full-scan mass spectra. These peptides matched the theoretical peptide fragments expected from the trypsin digestion and provided statistically significant protein scores that would unequivocally identify these proteins. We also recorded the product ion spectra (MS/MS spectra) of the tryptic peptides and defined the characteristic product ions. Mixtures of the analyte proteins and their 15N-labeled analogues as internal standards were analyzed by selected-reaction monitoring (SRM) on the basis of the previously identified product ions in the MS/MS spectra. The experimental conditions for these analyses were optimized. The methodology was successfully applied to the measurement of human OGG1 in human cells and Fpg in E.coli. The results obtained in this work suggest that the methodology developed would be highly suitable for the positive identification and accurate quantification of DNA repair proteins in vivo as potential biomarkers for cancer and other diseases.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3891. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3891
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Affiliation(s)
- Miral Dizdaroglu
- 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
| | - Prasad Reddy
- 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
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