1
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Simon CG, Borgos SE, Calzolai L, Nelson BC, Parot J, Petersen EJ, Roesslein M, Xu X, Caputo F. Orthogonal and complementary measurements of properties of drug products containing nanomaterials. J Control Release 2023; 354:120-127. [PMID: 36581261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Quality control of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical products, and verification of their safety and efficacy, depends on reliable measurements of critical quality attributes (CQAs). The task becomes particularly challenging for drug products and vaccines containing nanomaterials, where multiple complex CQAs must be identified and monitored. To reduce (i) the risk of measurement bias and (ii) the uncertainty in decision-making during product development, the combination of orthogonal and complementary analytical techniques are generally recommended by regulators. However, despite frequent reference to "orthogonal" and "complementary" in guidance documents, neither term is clearly defined. How does one determine if two analytical methods are orthogonal or complementary to one another? Definitions are needed to design a robust characterization strategy aligned to regulatory needs. Definitions for "orthogonal" and "complementary" are proposed that are compatible with existing metrological terminology and are applicable to complex measurement problems. Orthogonal methods target the quantitative evaluation of the true value of a product attribute to address unknown bias or interference. Complementary measurements include a broader scope of methods that reinforce each other to support a common decision. Examples of the application of these terms are presented, with a focus on measurement of physical properties of nano-enabled drug products, including liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles for cancer treatment, lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) and virus-like particles for nucleic acid delivery. The proposed framework represents a first step in advancing the assessment of the orthogonality and complementarity of two measurements and it can potentially serve as the basis for a future international standard. This framework may help product developers to implement more efficient product characterization strategies, accelerate the introduction of novel medicines to the clinic and be applicable to other therapeutics beyond nanomaterial-containing pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Simon
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | - S E Borgos
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - L Calzolai
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - B C Nelson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - J Parot
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - E J Petersen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - M Roesslein
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Materials Meet Life Department, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - X Xu
- US Food and Drug Administration, CDER/OPQ/OTR/DPQR, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - F Caputo
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway; LNE-Centre for Scientific and Industrial Metrology, Avenue Roger Hennequin 29, 78197 Trappes, France.
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2
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Hwang YS, So D, Lee M, Yoon J, Reipa V, Tona A, Yi F, Nelson BC, LaVan DA, Hackley VA, Daar IO, Cho TJ. Polyethyleneimine/polyethylene glycol-conjugated gold nanoparticles as nanoscale positive/negative controls in nanotoxicology: testing in frog embryo teratogenesis assay- Xenopus and mammalian tissue culture system. Nanotoxicology 2023; 17:94-115. [PMID: 36919473 PMCID: PMC10471858 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2187322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great potential of using positively charged gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in nanomedicine, no systematic studies have been reported on their synthesis optimization or colloidal stability under physiological conditions until a group at the National Institute of Standards and Technology recently succeeded in producing remarkably stable polyethyleneimine (PEI)-coated AuNPs (Au-PEI). This improved version of Au-PEI (Au-PEI25kB) has increased the demand for toxicity and teratogenicity information for applications in nanomedicine and nanotoxicology. In vitro assays for Au-PEI25kB in various cell lines showed substantial active cytotoxicity. For advanced toxicity research, the frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX) method was employed in this study. We observed that positively-charged Au-PEI25kB exhibited significant toxicity and teratogenicity, whereas polyethylene glycol conjugated AuNPs (Au-PEG) used as comparable negative controls did not. There is a characteristic avidity of Au-PEI25kB for the jelly coat, the chorionic envelope (also known as vitelline membrane) and the cytoplasmic membrane, as well as a barrier effect of the chorionic envelope observed with Au-PEG. To circumvent these characteristics, an injection-mediated FETAX approach was utilized. Like treatment with the FETAX method, the injection of Au-PEI25kB severely impaired embryo development. Notably, the survival/concentration curve that was steep when the standard FETAX approach was employed became gradual in the injection-mediated FETAX. These results suggest that Au-PEI25kB may be a good candidate as a nanoscale positive control material for nanoparticle analysis in toxicology and teratology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Seok Hwang
- National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Daeho So
- National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Moonsup Lee
- National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Jaeho Yoon
- National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Vytas Reipa
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Alessandro Tona
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Feng Yi
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Bryant C. Nelson
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - David A. LaVan
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Vincent A. Hackley
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Ira O. Daar
- National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Tae Joon Cho
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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Coskun E, Singh N, Scanlan LD, Jaruga P, Doak SH, Dizdaroglu M, Nelson BC. Inhibition of human APE1 and MTH1 DNA repair proteins by dextran-coated γ-Fe 2O 3 ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:2011-2021. [PMID: 36853189 PMCID: PMC10031551 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To quantitatively evaluate the inhibition of human DNA repair proteins APE1 and MTH1 by dextran-coated γ-Fe2O3 ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (dUSPIONs). Materials & methods: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with isotope-dilution was used to measure the expression levels of APE1 and MTH1 in MCL-5 cells exposed to increasing doses of dUSPIONs. The expression levels of APE1 and MTH1 were measured in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of cell extracts. Results: APE1 and MTH1 expression was significantly inhibited in both cell fractions at the highest dUSPION dose. The expression of MTH1 was linearly inhibited across the full dUSPION dose range in both fractions. Conclusion: These findings warrant further studies to characterize the capacity of dUSPIONs to inhibit other DNA repair proteins in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Coskun
- Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Neenu Singh
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Leona D Scanlan
- California Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Shareen H Doak
- Institute of Life Science, Center for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical School, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Bryant C Nelson
- Biosystems & Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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Petersen EJ, Ceger P, Allen DG, Coyle J, Derk R, Garcia-Reyero N, Gordon J, Kleinstreuer NC, Matheson J, McShan D, Nelson BC, Patri AK, Rice P, Rojanasakul L, Sasidharan A, Scarano L, Chang X. U.S. Federal Agency interests and key considerations for new approach methodologies for nanomaterials. ALTEX 2022; 39:183–206. [PMID: 34874455 PMCID: PMC9115850 DOI: 10.14573/altex.2105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) come in a wide array of shapes, sizes, surface coatings, and compositions, and often possess novel or enhanced properties compared to larger sized particles of the same elemental composition. To ensure the safe commercialization of products containing ENMs, it is important to thoroughly understand their potential risks. Given that ENMs can be created in an almost infinite number of variations, it is not feasible to conduct in vivo testing on each type of ENM. Instead, new approach methodologies (NAMs) such as in vitro or in chemico test methods may be needed, given their capacity for higher throughput testing, lower cost, and ability to provide information on toxicological mechanisms. However, the different behaviors of ENMs compared to dissolved chemicals may challenge safety testing of ENMs using NAMs. In this study, member agencies within the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods were queried about what types of ENMs are of agency interest and whether there is agency-specific guidance for ENM toxicity testing. To support the ability of NAMs to provide robust results in ENM testing, two key issues in the usage of NAMs, namely dosimetry and interference/bias controls, are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J Petersen
- U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Patricia Ceger
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC, P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - David G Allen
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC, P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jayme Coyle
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Current affiliation: UES, Inc., Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Raymond Derk
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - John Gordon
- U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole C Kleinstreuer
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Danielle McShan
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bryant C Nelson
- U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Anil K Patri
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Penelope Rice
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Liying Rojanasakul
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Abhilash Sasidharan
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Louis Scarano
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Chang
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC, P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Nelson BC, Borgos SE. High-throughput synthesis and characterization of next-generation lipid nanoparticles for enhanced in vivo performance. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:573-576. [PMID: 35238211 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bryant C Nelson
- National Institute of Standards & Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA
| | - Sven Even Borgos
- Department of Biotechnology & Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, NO-7465, Norway
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6
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Johnson ME, Bennett J, Montoro Bustos AR, Hanna SK, Kolmakov A, Sharp N, Petersen EJ, Lapasset PE, Sims CM, Murphy KE, Nelson BC. Combining secondary ion mass spectrometry image depth profiling and single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to investigate the uptake and biodistribution of gold nanoparticles in Caenorhabditis elegans. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1175:338671. [PMID: 34330435 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Analytical techniques capable of determining the spatial distribution and quantity (mass and/or particle number) of engineered nanomaterials in organisms are essential for characterizing nano-bio interactions and for nanomaterial risk assessments. Here, we combine the use of dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (dynamic SIMS) and single particle inductively coupled mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) techniques to determine the biodistribution and quantity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) ingested by Caenorhabditis elegans. We report the application of SIMS in image depth profiling mode for visualizing, identifying, and characterizing the biodistribution of AuNPs ingested by nematodes in both the lateral and z (depth) dimensions. In parallel, conventional- and sp-ICP-MS quantified the mean number of AuNPs within the nematode, ranging from 2 to 36 NPs depending on the size of AuNP. The complementary data from both SIMS image depth profiling and spICP-MS provides a complete view of the uptake, translocation, and size distribution of ingested NPs within Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique E Johnson
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States.
| | - Joe Bennett
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States
| | - Antonio R Montoro Bustos
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States
| | - Shannon K Hanna
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States
| | - Andrei Kolmakov
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States
| | - Nicholas Sharp
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States
| | - Elijah J Petersen
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States
| | - Patricia E Lapasset
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States
| | - Christopher M Sims
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States
| | - Karen E Murphy
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States
| | - Bryant C Nelson
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, United States
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant C Nelson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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8
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Nelson BC, Maragh S, Ghiran IC, Jones JC, DeRose PC, Elsheikh E, Vreeland WN, Wang L. Measurement and standardization challenges for extracellular vesicle therapeutic delivery vectors. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:2149-2170. [PMID: 32885720 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes and microvesicles, are nonreplicating lipid bilayer particles shed by most cell types which have the potential to revolutionize the development and efficient delivery of clinical therapeutics. This article provides an introduction to the landscape of EV-based vectors under development for the delivery of protein- and nucleic acid-based therapeutics. We highlight some of the most pressing measurement and standardization challenges that limit the translation of EVs to the clinic. Current challenges limiting development of EVs for drug delivery are the lack of: standardized cell-based platforms for the production of EV-based therapeutics; EV reference materials that allow researchers/manufacturers to validate EV measurements and standardized measurement systems for determining the molecular composition of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant C Nelson
- National Institute of Standards & Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Samantha Maragh
- National Institute of Standards & Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Ionita C Ghiran
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer C Jones
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul C DeRose
- National Institute of Standards & Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Elzafir Elsheikh
- National Institute of Standards & Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Wyatt N Vreeland
- National Institute of Standards & Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Lili Wang
- National Institute of Standards & Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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9
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Atha DH, Coskun E, Erdem O, Tona A, Reipa V, Nelson BC. Genotoxic Effects of Etoposide, Bleomycin, and Ethyl Methanesulfonate on Cultured CHO Cells: Analysis by GC-MS/MS and Comet Assay. J Nucleic Acids 2020; 2020:8810105. [PMID: 32802493 PMCID: PMC7414336 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8810105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate methods for analysis of genotoxic effects on mammalian cell lines, we tested the effect of three common genotoxic agents on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Suspension-grown CHO cells were separately incubated with etoposide, bleomycin, and ethyl methanesulfonate and analyzed by an alkaline comet assay and GC-MS/MS. Although DNA strand breaks were detected by the comet assay after treatment with all three agents, GC-MS/MS could only detect DNA nucleobase lesions oxidatively induced by bleomycin. This demonstrates that although GC-MS/MS has limitations in detection of genotoxic effects, it can be used for selected chemical genotoxins that contribute to oxidizing processes. The comet assay, used in combination with GC-MS/MS, can be a more useful approach to screen a wide range of chemical genotoxins as well as to monitor other DNA-damaging factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald H. Atha
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Erdem Coskun
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Biomolecular Measurement Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- University of Maryland, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Onur Erdem
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Biomolecular Measurement Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, 06010 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alessandro Tona
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Vytas Reipa
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Bryant C. Nelson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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Abstract
Development and application of nanotechnology-enabled medical products, including drugs, devices, and in vitro diagnostics, are rapidly expanding in the global marketplace. In this review, the focus is on providing the reader with an introduction to the landscape of commercially available nanotechnology-enabled medical products as well as an overview of the international documentary standards and reference materials that support and facilitate efficient regulatory evaluation and reliable manufacturing of this diverse group of medical products. We describe the materials, test methods, and standards development needs for emerging medical products. Scientific and measurement challenges involved in the development and application of innovative nanoenabled medical products motivate discussion throughout this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant C Nelson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA;
| | - Caterina Minelli
- National Physical Laboratory, Chemical and Biological Science Department, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Shareen H Doak
- Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Roesslein
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Materials Meet Life Department, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Sharpless KE, Lindstrom RM, Nelson BC, Phinney KW, Rimmer CA, Sander LC, Schantz MM, Spatz RO, Thomas JB, Turk GC, Wise SA, Wood LJ, Yen JH. Preparation and Characterization of Standard Reference Material 1849 Infant/Adult Nutritional Formula. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/93.4.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1849 Infant/Adult Nutritional Formula has been issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a replacement for SRM 1846 Infant Formula, issued in 1996. Extraction characteristics of SRM 1846 have changed over time, as have NIST's analytical capabilities. While certified mass fraction values were provided for five constituents in SRM 1846 (four vitamins plus iodine), certified mass fraction values for 43 constituents are provided in SRM 1849 (fatty acids, elements, and vitamins) and reference mass fraction values are provided for an additional 43 constituents including amino acids and nucleotides, making it the most extensively characterized food-matrix SRM available from NIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Sharpless
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - Richard M Lindstrom
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - Bryant C Nelson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - Karen W Phinney
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - Catherine A Rimmer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - Lane C Sander
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - Michele M Schantz
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - Rabia O Spatz
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - Jeanice Brown Thomas
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - Gregory C Turk
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - Stephen A Wise
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - Laura J Wood
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390
| | - James H Yen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Statistical Engineering Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8980
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12
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Scanlan LD, Coskun SH, Jaruga P, Hanna SK, Sims CM, Almeida JL, Catoe D, Coskun E, Golan R, Dizdaroglu M, Nelson BC. Measurement of Oxidatively Induced DNA Damage in Caenorhabditis elegans with High-Salt DNA Extraction and Isotope-Dilution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12149-12155. [PMID: 31454479 PMCID: PMC6996937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is used extensively as a medical and toxicological model organism. However, little is known about background levels of oxidatively induced DNA damage in the nematode or how culturing methods affect DNA damage levels. The tough C. elegans cuticle makes it challenging to extract genomic DNA without harsh procedures that can artifactually increase DNA damage. Therefore, a mild extraction protocol based on enzymatic digestion of the C. elegans cuticle with high-salt phase-separation of DNA has been developed and optimized. This method allows for efficient extraction of >50 μg DNA using a minimum of 250000 nematodes grown in liquid culture. The extracted DNA exhibited acceptable RNA levels (<10% contamination), functionality in polymerase chain reaction assays, and reproducible DNA fragmentation. Gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) with isotope-dilution measured lower lesion levels in high-salt extracts than in phenol extracts. Phenolic extraction produced a statistically significant increase in 8-hydroxyguanine, a known artifact, and additional artifactual increases in 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine, 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine, and 8-hydroxyadenine. The high-salt DNA extraction procedure utilizes green solvents and reagents and minimizes artifactual DNA damage, making it more suitable for molecular and toxicological studies in C. elegans. This is, to our knowledge, the first use of GC-MS/MS to measure multiple 8,5'-cyclopurine-2'-deoxynucleosides in a toxicologically important terrestrial organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona D. Scanlan
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Sanem Hosbas Coskun
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, 06330, Turkey
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Shannon K. Hanna
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Christopher M. Sims
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jamie L. Almeida
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - David Catoe
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Erdem Coskun
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Rachel Golan
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Bryant C. Nelson
- Material Measurement Laboratory – Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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Sims CM, Maier RA, Johnston-Peck AC, Gorham JM, Hackley VA, Nelson BC. Approaches for the quantitative analysis of oxidation state in cerium oxide nanomaterials. Nanotechnology 2019; 30:085703. [PMID: 30240366 PMCID: PMC6351072 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aae364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cerium oxide nanomaterials (nanoceria, CNMs) are receiving increased attention from the research community due to their unique chemical properties, most prominent of which is their ability to alternate between the Ce3+ and Ce4+ oxidation states. While many analytical techniques and methods have been employed to characterize the amounts of Ce3+ and Ce4+ present (Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio) within nanoceria materials, to-date no studies have used multiple complementary analytical tools (orthogonal analysis) with technique-independent oxidation state controls for quantitative determinations of the Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio. Here, we describe the development of analytical methods measuring the oxidation states of nanoceria analytes using technique-independent Ce3+ (CeAlO3:Ge) and Ce4+ (CeO2) control materials, with a particular focus on x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) approaches. The developed methods were demonstrated in characterizing a suite of commercial nanoceria products, where the two techniques (XPS and EELS) were found to be in good agreement with respect to Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio. Potential sources of artifacts and discrepancies in the measurement results were also identified and discussed, alongside suggestions for interpreting oxidation state results using the different analytical techniques. The results should be applicable towards producing more consistent and reproducible oxidation state analyses of nanoceria materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Sims
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Russell A. Maier
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Aaron C. Johnston-Peck
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Justin M. Gorham
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Vincent A. Hackley
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Bryant C. Nelson
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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Hanna SK, Bustos AM, Peterson AW, Reipa V, Scanlan LD, Coskun SH, Cho TJ, Johnson ME, Hackley VA, Nelson BC, Winchester MR, Elliott JT, Petersen EJ. Agglomeration of Escherichia coli with Positively Charged Nanoparticles Can Lead to Artifacts in a Standard Caenorhabditis elegans Toxicity Assay. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:5968-5978. [PMID: 29672024 PMCID: PMC6081640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The increased use and incorporation of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in consumer products requires a robust assessment of their potential environmental implications. However, a lack of standardized methods for nanotoxicity testing has yielded results that are sometimes contradictory. Standard ecotoxicity assays may work appropriately for some ENPs with minimal modification but produce artifactual results for others. Therefore, understanding the robustness of assays for a range of ENPs is critical. In this study, we evaluated the performance of a standard Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans) toxicity assay containing an Escherichia coli ( E. coli) food supply with silicon, polystyrene, and gold ENPs with different charged coatings and sizes. Of all the ENPs tested, only those with a positively charged coating caused growth inhibition. However, the positively charged ENPs were observed to heteroagglomerate with E. coli cells, suggesting that the ENPs impacted the ability of nematodes to feed, leading to a false positive toxic effect on C. elegans growth and reproduction. When the ENPs were tested in two alternate C. elegans assays that did not contain E. coli, we found greatly reduced toxicity of ENPs. This study illustrates a key unexpected artifact that may occur during nanotoxicity assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Montoro Bustos
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8313
| | - Alexander W. Peterson
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8313
| | - Vytas Reipa
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8313
| | | | - Sanem Hosbas Coskun
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8313
| | - Tae Joon Cho
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8313
| | - Monique E. Johnson
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8313
| | - Vincent A. Hackley
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8313
| | - Bryant C. Nelson
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8313
| | - Michael R. Winchester
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8313
| | - John T. Elliott
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8313
| | - Elijah J. Petersen
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8313
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Abstract
Exposure of mammalian cells to oxidative stress can result in DNA damage that adversely affects many cell processes. Lack of dependable DNA damage reference materials and standardized measurement methods, despite many case-control studies hampers the wider recognition of the link between oxidatively degraded DNA and disease risk. We used bulk electrolysis in an electrochemical system and gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis (GC/MS/MS) to control and measure, respectively, the effect of electrochemically produced reactive oxygen species on calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA). DNA was electro-oxidized for 1 h at four fixed oxidizing potentials (E = 0.5 V, 1.0 V, 1.5 V and 2 V (vs Ag/AgCl)) using a high surface area boron-doped diamond (BDD) working electrode (WE) and the resulting DNA damage in the form of oxidatively-modified DNA lesions was measured using GC/MS/MS. We have shown that there are two distinct base lesion formation modes in the explored electrode potential range, corresponding to 0.5 V < E < 1.5 V and E > 1.5 V. Amounts of all four purine lesions were close to a negative control levels up to E = 1.5 V with evidence suggesting higher levels at the lowest potential of this range (E = 0.5 V). A rapid increase in all base lesion yields was measured when ct-DNA was exposed at E = 2 V, the potential at which hydroxyl radicals were efficiently produced by the BDD electrode. The present results demonstrate that controlled potential preparative electrooxidation of double-stranded DNA can be used to purposely increase the levels of oxidatively modified DNA lesions in discrete samples. It is envisioned that these DNA samples may potentially serve as analytical control or quality assurance reference materials for the determination of oxidatively induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytas Reipa
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Donald H. Atha
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sanem H. Coskun
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Sims
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bryant C. Nelson
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
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Atha DH, Nagy A, Steinbrück A, Dennis AM, Hollingsworth JA, Dua V, Iyer R, Nelson BC. Quantifying engineered nanomaterial toxicity: comparison of common cytotoxicity and gene expression measurements. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:79. [PMID: 29121949 PMCID: PMC5679359 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0312-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When evaluating the toxicity of engineered nanomaterials (ENMS) it is important to use multiple bioassays based on different mechanisms of action. In this regard we evaluated the use of gene expression and common cytotoxicity measurements using as test materials, two selected nanoparticles with known differences in toxicity, 5 nm mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA)-capped InP and CdSe quantum dots (QDs). We tested the effects of these QDs at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 160 µg/mL on cultured normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells using four common cytotoxicity assays: the dichlorofluorescein assay for reactive oxygen species (ROS), the lactate dehydrogenase assay for membrane viability (LDH), the mitochondrial dehydrogenase assay for mitochondrial function, and the Comet assay for DNA strand breaks. RESULTS The cytotoxicity assays showed similar trends when exposed to nanoparticles for 24 h at 80 µg/mL with a threefold increase in ROS with exposure to CdSe QDs compared to an insignificant change in ROS levels after exposure to InP QDs, a twofold increase in the LDH necrosis assay in NHBE cells with exposure to CdSe QDs compared to a 50% decrease for InP QDs, a 60% decrease in the mitochondrial function assay upon exposure to CdSe QDs compared to a minimal increase in the case of InP and significant DNA strand breaks after exposure to CdSe QDs compared to no significant DNA strand breaks with InP. High-throughput quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) data for cells exposed for 6 h at a concentration of 80 µg/mL were consistent with the cytotoxicity assays showing major differences in DNA damage, DNA repair and mitochondrial function gene regulatory responses to the CdSe and InP QDs. The BRCA2, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CDK1, SFN and VEGFA genes were observed to be upregulated specifically from increased CdSe exposure and suggests their possible utility as biomarkers for toxicity. CONCLUSIONS This study can serve as a model for comparing traditional cytotoxicity assays and gene expression measurements and to determine candidate biomarkers for assessing the biocompatibility of ENMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald H Atha
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Bld. 227, Rm. A247, MS 8313, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
| | - Amber Nagy
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.,Navy Medical Research Unit-San Antonio, 3650 Chambers Pass, Bldg. 3610, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234-6315, USA
| | - Andrea Steinbrück
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics & Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Allison M Dennis
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics & Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Hollingsworth
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics & Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Varsha Dua
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Bld. 227, Rm. A247, MS 8313, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Rashi Iyer
- Defense Systems and Analysis Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Bryant C Nelson
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Bld. 227, Rm. A247, MS 8313, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
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Sims CM, Hanna SK, Heller DA, Horoszko CP, Johnson ME, Montoro Bustos AR, Reipa V, Riley KR, Nelson BC. Redox-active nanomaterials for nanomedicine applications. Nanoscale 2017; 9:15226-15251. [PMID: 28991962 PMCID: PMC5648636 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05429g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine utilizes the remarkable properties of nanomaterials for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. Many of these nanomaterials have been shown to have robust antioxidative properties, potentially functioning as strong scavengers of reactive oxygen species. Conversely, several nanomaterials have also been shown to promote the generation of reactive oxygen species, which may precipitate the onset of oxidative stress, a state that is thought to contribute to the development of a variety of adverse conditions. As such, the impacts of nanomaterials on biological entities are often associated with and influenced by their specific redox properties. In this review, we overview several classes of nanomaterials that have been or projected to be used across a wide range of biomedical applications, with discussion focusing on their unique redox properties. Nanomaterials examined include iron, cerium, and titanium metal oxide nanoparticles, gold, silver, and selenium nanoparticles, and various nanoscale carbon allotropes such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and their derivatives/variations. Principal topics of discussion include the chemical mechanisms by which the nanomaterials directly interact with biological entities and the biological cascades that are thus indirectly impacted. Selected case studies highlighting the redox properties of nanomaterials and how they affect biological responses are used to exemplify the biologically-relevant redox mechanisms for each of the described nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Sims
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
| | - Shannon K. Hanna
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
| | - Daniel A. Heller
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Christopher P. Horoszko
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
- Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Monique E. Johnson
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
| | - Antonio R. Montoro Bustos
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
| | - Vytas Reipa
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
| | - Kathryn R. Riley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Swarthmore College, 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, PA 19081, United States
| | - Bryant C. Nelson
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
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18
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Deng Y, Petersen EJ, Challis K, Rabb SA, Holbrook RD, R. David JF, Nelson BC, Xing B. Multiple Method Analysis of TiO 2 Nanoparticle Uptake in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Plants. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:10615-10623. [PMID: 28777911 PMCID: PMC6082167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the translocation of nanoparticles (NPs) into plants is challenging because qualitative and quantitative methods are still being developed and the comparability of results among different methods is unclear. In this study, uptake of titanium dioxide NPs and larger bulk particles (BPs) in rice plant (Oryza sativa L.) tissues was evaluated using three orthogonal techniques: electron microscopy, single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (spICP-MS) with two different plant digestion approaches, and total elemental analysis using ICP optical emission spectroscopy. In agreement with electron microscopy results, total elemental analysis of plants exposed to TiO2 NPs and BPs at 5 and 50 mg/L concentrations revealed that TiO2 NPs penetrated into the plant root and resulted in Ti accumulation in above ground tissues at a higher level compared to BPs. spICP-MS analyses revealed that the size distributions of internalized particles differed between the NPs and BPs with the NPs showing a distribution with smaller particles. Acid digestion resulted in higher particle numbers and the detection of a broader range of particle sizes than the enzymatic digestion approach, highlighting the need for development of robust plant digestion procedures for NP analysis. Overall, there was agreement among the three techniques regarding NP and BP penetration into rice plant roots and spICP-MS showed its unique contribution to provide size distribution information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqing Deng
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Elijah J. Petersen
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Corresponding authors: E.J.P., ; Tel: 301-975-8142; Address: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Building 227 Room A222, Gaithersburg, MD, USA 20899, B.S.X, , Tel: 413-545-5212, Address: University of Massachusetts, Stockbridge School of Agriculture, 410 Paige Lab, Amherst, MA, USA 01003
| | - Katie Challis
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Savelas A. Rabb
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - R. David Holbrook
- Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - James F. R. David
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Bryant C. Nelson
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Corresponding authors: E.J.P., ; Tel: 301-975-8142; Address: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Building 227 Room A222, Gaithersburg, MD, USA 20899, B.S.X, , Tel: 413-545-5212, Address: University of Massachusetts, Stockbridge School of Agriculture, 410 Paige Lab, Amherst, MA, USA 01003
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19
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Sun J, Petersen EJ, Watson SS, Sims CM, Kassman A, Frukhtbeyn S, Skrtic D, Ok MT, Jacobs DS, Reipa V, Ye Q, Nelson BC. Biophysical characterization of functionalized titania nanoparticles and their application in dental adhesives. Acta Biomater 2017; 53:585-597. [PMID: 28163237 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is demonstrated that carboxylic acid-functionalized titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs produce significantly higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after visible light irradiation (400-800nm, 1600mW/cm2) in comparison to nonfunctionalized TiO2 NPs. The level of ROS produced under these irradiation conditions was not capable of generating oxidatively induced DNA damage in a cell-free system for TiO2 concentrations of 0.5mg/L or 5mg/L. In addition, specific incorporation of the acrylic acid-functionalized TiO2 NPs into dental composites allowed us to utilize the generated ROS to enhance photopolymerization (curing and degree of vinyl conversion (DC)) of resin adhesives and create mechanically superior and biocompatible materials for dental applications. Incorporation of the TiO2 NPs into selected dental composites increased the mean DC values by ≈7%. The modified TiO2 materials and dental composite materials were extensively characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Notably, dental adhesives incorporated with acrylic acid-functionalized TiO2 NPs produced stronger bonds to human teeth following visible light curing in comparison to traditional dental adhesives not containing NPs with an increase in the shear bond strength of ≈29%. In addition, no leaching of the incorporated NPs was detectable from the dental adhesives after 2500 thermal cycles using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, indicating that biocompatibility of the adhesives was not compromised after extensive aging. These findings suggest that NP-induced ROS may be useful to produce enhanced nanocomposite materials for selected applications in the medical device field. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have unique photocatalytic, antibacterial and UV-absorbing properties that make them beneficial additives in adhesives and composites. However, there is concern that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by photoactivated TiO2 NPs might pose toxicological risks. We demonstrate that it is possible to incorporate acid-functionalized TiO2 NPs into dental resins which can be applied as dental adhesives to human teeth. The ROS generated by these NPs through visible-light irradiation may be utilized to increase the degree of vinyl conversion of resins, leading to adhesives that have an enhanced shear-bond strength to human teeth. Investigation into the potential genotoxicity of the NPs and their potential for release from dental composites indicated a low risk of genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirun Sun
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Elijah J Petersen
- Cell Systems Science Group, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Stephanie S Watson
- Polymeric Materials Group, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Christopher M Sims
- Cell Systems Science Group, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Alexander Kassman
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Stanislav Frukhtbeyn
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Drago Skrtic
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Meryem T Ok
- Cell Systems Science Group, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Debbie S Jacobs
- Polymeric Materials Group, Materials and Structural Systems Division, Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Vytas Reipa
- Cell Systems Science Group, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Qiang Ye
- Bioengineering Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Bryant C Nelson
- Cell Systems Science Group, Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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20
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Johnson ME, Hanna SK, Montoro Bustos AR, Sims CM, Elliott LCC, Lingayat A, Johnston AC, Nikoobakht B, Elliott JT, Holbrook RD, Scott KCK, Murphy KE, Petersen EJ, Yu LL, Nelson BC. Separation, Sizing, and Quantitation of Engineered Nanoparticles in an Organism Model Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Image Analysis. ACS Nano 2017; 11:526-540. [PMID: 27983787 PMCID: PMC5459480 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
For environmental studies assessing uptake of orally ingested engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), a key step in ensuring accurate quantification of ingested ENPs is efficient separation of the organism from ENPs that are either nonspecifically adsorbed to the organism and/or suspended in the dispersion following exposure. Here, we measure the uptake of 30 and 60 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, using a sucrose density gradient centrifugation protocol to remove noningested AuNPs. Both conventional inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and single particle (sp)ICP-MS are utilized to measure the total mass and size distribution, respectively, of ingested AuNPs. Scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) imaging confirmed that traditional nematode washing procedures were ineffective at removing excess suspended and/or adsorbed AuNPs after exposure. Water rinsing procedures had AuNP removal efficiencies ranging from 57 to 97% and 22 to 83%, while the sucrose density gradient procedure had removal efficiencies of 100 and 93 to 98%, respectively, for the 30 and 60 nm AuNP exposure conditions. Quantification of total Au uptake was performed following acidic digestion of nonexposed and Au-exposed nematodes, whereas an alkaline digestion procedure was optimized for the liberation of ingested AuNPs for spICP-MS characterization. Size distributions and particle number concentrations were determined for AuNPs ingested by nematodes with corresponding confirmation of nematode uptake via high-pressure freezing/freeze substitution resin preparation and large-area SEM imaging. Methods for the separation and in vivo quantification of ENPs in multicellular organisms will facilitate robust studies of ENP uptake, biotransformation, and hazard assessment in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique E Johnson
- Chemical Science Division, ‡Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, and §Materials Measurement Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Shannon K Hanna
- Chemical Science Division, ‡Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, and §Materials Measurement Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Antonio R Montoro Bustos
- Chemical Science Division, ‡Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, and §Materials Measurement Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Christopher M Sims
- Chemical Science Division, ‡Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, and §Materials Measurement Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Lindsay C C Elliott
- Chemical Science Division, ‡Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, and §Materials Measurement Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Akshay Lingayat
- Chemical Science Division, ‡Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, and §Materials Measurement Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Adrian C Johnston
- Chemical Science Division, ‡Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, and §Materials Measurement Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Babak Nikoobakht
- Chemical Science Division, ‡Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, and §Materials Measurement Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - John T Elliott
- Chemical Science Division, ‡Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, and §Materials Measurement Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - R David Holbrook
- Chemical Science Division, ‡Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, and §Materials Measurement Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Keana C K Scott
- Chemical Science Division, ‡Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, and §Materials Measurement Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Karen E Murphy
- Chemical Science Division, ‡Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, and §Materials Measurement Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Elijah J Petersen
- Chemical Science Division, ‡Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, and §Materials Measurement Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Lee L Yu
- Chemical Science Division, ‡Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, and §Materials Measurement Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Bryant C Nelson
- Chemical Science Division, ‡Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, and §Materials Measurement Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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Nelson BC, Wright CW, Ibuki Y, Moreno-Villanueva M, Karlsson HL, Hendriks G, Sims CM, Singh N, Doak SH. Emerging metrology for high-throughput nanomaterial genotoxicology. Mutagenesis 2016; 32:215-232. [PMID: 27565834 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of the engineered nanomaterial (ENM) manufacturing industry has accelerated the incorporation of ENMs into a wide variety of consumer products across the globe. Unintentionally or not, some of these ENMs may be introduced into the environment or come into contact with humans or other organisms resulting in unexpected biological effects. It is thus prudent to have rapid and robust analytical metrology in place that can be used to critically assess and/or predict the cytotoxicity, as well as the potential genotoxicity of these ENMs. Many of the traditional genotoxicity test methods [e.g. unscheduled DNA synthesis assay, bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test, etc.,] for determining the DNA damaging potential of chemical and biological compounds are not suitable for the evaluation of ENMs, due to a variety of methodological issues ranging from potential assay interferences to problems centered on low sample throughput. Recently, a number of sensitive, high-throughput genotoxicity assays/platforms (CometChip assay, flow cytometry/micronucleus assay, flow cytometry/γ-H2AX assay, automated 'Fluorimetric Detection of Alkaline DNA Unwinding' (FADU) assay, ToxTracker reporter assay) have been developed, based on substantial modifications and enhancements of traditional genotoxicity assays. These new assays have been used for the rapid measurement of DNA damage (strand breaks), chromosomal damage (micronuclei) and for detecting upregulated DNA damage signalling pathways resulting from ENM exposures. In this critical review, we describe and discuss the fundamental measurement principles and measurement endpoints of these new assays, as well as the modes of operation, analytical metrics and potential interferences, as applicable to ENM exposures. An unbiased discussion of the major technical advantages and limitations of each assay for evaluating and predicting the genotoxic potential of ENMs is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant C Nelson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory - Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA,
| | - Christa W Wright
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue Building 1/Room 1309, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuko Ibuki
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Maria Moreno-Villanueva
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Molecular Toxicology Group, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Hanna L Karlsson
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giel Hendriks
- Toxys, Robert Boyleweg 4, 2333 CG Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher M Sims
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory - Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Neenu Singh
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK and
| | - Shareen H Doak
- Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical School, Wales SA2 8PP, UK
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Nelson BC, Johnson ME, Walker ML, Riley KR, Sims CM. Antioxidant Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in Biology and Medicine. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:E15. [PMID: 27196936 PMCID: PMC4931536 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, catalytic cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs, nanoceria, CeO2-x NPs) have been widely utilized for chemical mechanical planarization in the semiconductor industry and for reducing harmful emissions and improving fuel combustion efficiency in the automobile industry. Researchers are now harnessing the catalytic repertoire of CNPs to develop potential new treatment modalities for both oxidative- and nitrosative-stress induced disorders and diseases. In order to reach the point where our experimental understanding of the antioxidant activity of CNPs can be translated into useful therapeutics in the clinic, it is necessary to evaluate the most current evidence that supports CNP antioxidant activity in biological systems. Accordingly, the aims of this review are three-fold: (1) To describe the putative reaction mechanisms and physicochemical surface properties that enable CNPs to both scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to act as antioxidant enzyme-like mimetics in solution; (2) To provide an overview, with commentary, regarding the most robust design and synthesis pathways for preparing CNPs with catalytic antioxidant activity; (3) To provide the reader with the most up-to-date in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence supporting the ROS-scavenging potential of CNPs in biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant C Nelson
- Material Measurement Laboratory-Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Monique E Johnson
- Material Measurement Laboratory-Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Marlon L Walker
- Material Measurement Laboratory-Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Kathryn R Riley
- Material Measurement Laboratory-Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Christopher M Sims
- Material Measurement Laboratory-Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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23
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Reddy PT, Jaruga P, Nelson BC, Lowenthal MS, Jemth AS, Loseva O, Coskun E, Helleday T, Dizdaroglu M. Production, Purification, and Characterization of ¹⁵N-Labeled DNA Repair Proteins as Internal Standards for Mass Spectrometric Measurements. Methods Enzymol 2015; 566:305-32. [PMID: 26791985 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidatively induced DNA damage is caused in living organisms by a variety of damaging agents, resulting in the formation of a multiplicity of lesions, which are mutagenic and cytotoxic. Unless repaired by DNA repair mechanisms before DNA replication, DNA lesions can lead to genomic instability, which is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Oxidatively induced DNA damage is mainly repaired by base excision repair pathway with the involvement of a plethora of proteins. Cancer tissues develop greater DNA repair capacity than normal tissues by overexpressing DNA repair proteins. Increased DNA repair in tumors that removes DNA lesions generated by therapeutic agents before they became toxic is a major mechanism in the development of therapy resistance. Evidence suggests that DNA repair capacity may be a predictive biomarker of patient response. Thus, knowledge of DNA-protein expressions in disease-free and cancerous tissues may help predict and guide development of treatments and yield the best therapeutic response. Our laboratory has developed methodologies that use mass spectrometry with isotope dilution for the measurement of expression of DNA repair proteins in human tissues and cultured cells. For this purpose, full-length (15)N-labeled analogs of a number of human DNA repair proteins have been produced and purified to be used as internal standards for positive identification and accurate quantification. This chapter describes in detail the protocols of this work. The use of (15)N-labeled proteins as internal standards for the measurement of several DNA repair proteins in vivo is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad T Reddy
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biochemical Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Bryant C Nelson
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark S Lowenthal
- Biochemical Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Ann-Sofie Jemth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Loseva
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erdem Coskun
- Biochemical Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biochemical Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
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24
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Petersen EJ, Reipa V, Watson SS, Stanley DL, Rabb SA, Nelson BC. DNA Damaging Potential of Photoactivated P25 Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1877-84. [DOI: 10.1021/tx500340v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J. Petersen
- Material Measurement Laboratory—Biosystems and Biomaterials
Division, ‡Material Measurement Laboratory—Chemical Sciences Division, §Engineering Laboratory—Materials
and Structural Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Vytas Reipa
- Material Measurement Laboratory—Biosystems and Biomaterials
Division, ‡Material Measurement Laboratory—Chemical Sciences Division, §Engineering Laboratory—Materials
and Structural Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Stephanie S. Watson
- Material Measurement Laboratory—Biosystems and Biomaterials
Division, ‡Material Measurement Laboratory—Chemical Sciences Division, §Engineering Laboratory—Materials
and Structural Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Deborah L. Stanley
- Material Measurement Laboratory—Biosystems and Biomaterials
Division, ‡Material Measurement Laboratory—Chemical Sciences Division, §Engineering Laboratory—Materials
and Structural Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Savelas A. Rabb
- Material Measurement Laboratory—Biosystems and Biomaterials
Division, ‡Material Measurement Laboratory—Chemical Sciences Division, §Engineering Laboratory—Materials
and Structural Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Bryant C. Nelson
- Material Measurement Laboratory—Biosystems and Biomaterials
Division, ‡Material Measurement Laboratory—Chemical Sciences Division, §Engineering Laboratory—Materials
and Structural Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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25
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Phinney KW, Ballihaut G, Bedner M, Benford BS, Camara JE, Christopher SJ, Davis WC, Dodder NG, Eppe G, Lang BE, Long SE, Lowenthal MS, McGaw EA, Murphy KE, Nelson BC, Prendergast JL, Reiner JL, Rimmer CA, Sander LC, Schantz MM, Sharpless KE, Sniegoski LT, Tai SSC, Thomas JB, Vetter TW, Welch MJ, Wise SA, Wood LJ, Guthrie WF, Hagwood CR, Leigh SD, Yen JH, Zhang NF, Chaudhary-Webb M, Chen H, Fazili Z, LaVoie DJ, McCoy LF, Momin SS, Paladugula N, Pendergrast EC, Pfeiffer CM, Powers CD, Rabinowitz D, Rybak ME, Schleicher RL, Toombs BMH, Xu M, Zhang M, Castle AL. Development of a Standard Reference Material for metabolomics research. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11732-8. [PMID: 24187941 PMCID: PMC4823010 DOI: 10.1021/ac402689t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health (NIH), has developed a Standard Reference Material (SRM) to support technology development in metabolomics research. SRM 1950 Metabolites in Human Plasma is intended to have metabolite concentrations that are representative of those found in adult human plasma. The plasma used in the preparation of SRM 1950 was collected from both male and female donors, and donor ethnicity targets were selected based upon the ethnic makeup of the U.S. population. Metabolomics research is diverse in terms of both instrumentation and scientific goals. This SRM was designed to apply broadly to the field, not toward specific applications. Therefore, concentrations of approximately 100 analytes, including amino acids, fatty acids, trace elements, vitamins, hormones, selenoproteins, clinical markers, and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), were determined. Value assignment measurements were performed by NIST and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). SRM 1950 is the first reference material developed specifically for metabolomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen W. Phinney
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Guillaume Ballihaut
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Mary Bedner
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Brandi S. Benford
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Johanna E. Camara
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Steven J. Christopher
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - W. Clay Davis
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Nathan G. Dodder
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Gauthier Eppe
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Brian E. Lang
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Stephen E. Long
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Mark S. Lowenthal
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. McGaw
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Karen E. Murphy
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Bryant C. Nelson
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jocelyn L. Prendergast
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jessica L. Reiner
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Catherine A. Rimmer
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Lane C. Sander
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Michele M. Schantz
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Katherine E. Sharpless
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Lorna T. Sniegoski
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Susan S.-C. Tai
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jeanice B. Thomas
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Thomas W. Vetter
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Michael J. Welch
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Stephen A. Wise
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Laura J. Wood
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - William F. Guthrie
- Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Charles R. Hagwood
- Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Stefan D. Leigh
- Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - James H. Yen
- Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Nien-Fan Zhang
- Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Madhu Chaudhary-Webb
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Huiping Chen
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Zia Fazili
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Donna J. LaVoie
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Leslie F. McCoy
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Shahzad S. Momin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Neelima Paladugula
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Pendergrast
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Christine M. Pfeiffer
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Carissa D. Powers
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Daniel Rabinowitz
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Michael E. Rybak
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Rosemary L. Schleicher
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Bridgette M. H. Toombs
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Mary Xu
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Mindy Zhang
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Arthur L. Castle
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Nagy A, Hollingsworth JA, Hu B, Steinbrück A, Stark PC, Rios Valdez C, Vuyisich M, Stewart MH, Atha DH, Nelson BC, Iyer R. Functionalization-dependent induction of cellular survival pathways by CdSe quantum dots in primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells. ACS Nano 2013; 7:8397-411. [PMID: 24007210 DOI: 10.1021/nn305532k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals exhibiting unique optical properties that can be exploited for many practical applications ranging from photovoltaics to biomedical imaging and drug delivery. A significant number of studies have alluded to the cytotoxic potential of these materials, implicating Cd-leaching as the causal factor. Here, we investigated the role of heavy metals in biological responses and the potential of CdSe-induced genotoxicity. Our results indicate that, while negatively charged QDs are relatively noncytotoxic compared to positively charged QDs, the same does not hold true for their genotoxic potential. Keeping QD core composition and size constant, 3 nm CdSe QD cores were functionalized with mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) or cysteamine (CYST), resulting in negatively or positively charged surfaces, respectively. CYST-QDs were found to induce significant cytotoxicity accompanied by DNA strand breakage. However, MPA-QDs, even in the absence of cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species formation, also induced a high number of DNA strand breaks. QD-induced DNA damage was confirmed by identifying the presence of p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) in the nuclei of exposed cells and subsequent diminishment of p53 from cytoplasmic cellular extracts. Further, high-throughput real-time PCR analyses revealed upregulation of DNA damage and response genes and several proinflammatory cytokine genes. Most importantly, transcriptome sequencing revealed upregulation of the metallothionein family of genes in cells exposed to MPA-QDs but not CYST-QDs. These data indicate that cytotoxic assays must be supplemented with genotoxic analyses to better understand cellular responses and the full impact of nanoparticle exposure when making recommendations with regard to risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Nagy
- Bioscience Division, ‡Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics & Applications Division, and §Chemical Diagnostics and Engineering, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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27
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Kirkali G, Jaruga P, Reddy PT, Tona A, Nelson BC, Li M, Wilson DM, Dizdaroglu M. Identification and quantification of DNA repair protein apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) in human cells by liquid chromatography/isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69894. [PMID: 23922845 PMCID: PMC3726725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unless repaired, DNA damage can drive mutagenesis or cell death. DNA repair proteins may therefore be used as biomarkers in disease etiology or therapeutic response prediction. Thus, the accurate determination of DNA repair protein expression and genotype is of fundamental importance. Among DNA repair proteins involved in base excision repair, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is the major endonuclease in mammals and plays important roles in transcriptional regulation and modulating stress responses. Here, we present a novel approach involving LC-MS/MS with isotope-dilution to positively identify and accurately quantify APE1 in human cells and mouse tissue. A completely 15N-labeled full-length human APE1 was produced and used as an internal standard. Fourteen tryptic peptides of both human APE1 (hAPE1) and 15N-labeled hAPE1 were identified following trypsin digestion. These peptides matched the theoretical peptides expected from trypsin digestion and provided a statistically significant protein score that would unequivocally identify hAPE1. Using the developed methodology, APE1 was positively identified and quantified in nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts of multiple human cell lines and mouse liver using selected-reaction monitoring of typical mass transitions of the tryptic peptides. We also show that the methodology can be applied to the identification of hAPE1 variants found in the human population. The results describe a novel approach for the accurate measurement of wild-type and variant forms of hAPE1 in vivo, and ultimately for defining the role of this protein in disease development and treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güldal Kirkali
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Prasad T. Reddy
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alessandro Tona
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bryant C. Nelson
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mengxia Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David M. Wilson
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Hunt PR, Marquis BJ, Tyner KM, Conklin S, Olejnik N, Nelson BC, Sprando RL. Nanosilver suppresses growth and induces oxidative damage to DNA in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 33:1131-42. [PMID: 23636779 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the effects of nanomaterial exposure in mammals are limited, and new methods for rapid risk assessment of nanomaterials are urgently required. The utility of Caenorhabditis elegans cultured in axenic liquid media was evaluated as an alternative in vivo model for the purpose of screening nanomaterials for toxic effects. Spherical silver nanoparticles of 10 nm diameter (10nmAg) were used as a test material, and ionic silver from silver acetate as a positive control. Silver uptake and localization, larval growth, morphology and DNA damage were utilized as endpoints for toxicity evaluation. Confocal reflection analysis indicated that 10nmAg localized to the lumen and tissues of the digestive tract of C. elegans. 10nmAg at 10 µg ml(-1) reduced the growth of C. elegans larvae, and induced oxidative damage to DNA as measured by 8-OH guanine levels. Consistent with previously published studies using mammalian models, ionic silver suppressed growth in C. elegans larvae to a greater extent than 10nmAg. Our data suggest that medium-throughput growth screening and DNA damage analysis along with morphology assessments in C. elegans could together provide powerful tools for rapid toxicity screening of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piper Reid Hunt
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Division of Toxicology, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
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29
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Arczewska KD, Tomazella GG, Lindvall JM, Kassahun H, Maglioni S, Torgovnick A, Henriksson J, Matilainen O, Marquis BJ, Nelson BC, Jaruga P, Babaie E, Holmberg CI, Bürglin TR, Ventura N, Thiede B, Nilsen H. Active transcriptomic and proteomic reprogramming in the C. elegans nucleotide excision repair mutant xpa-1. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:5368-81. [PMID: 23580547 PMCID: PMC3664812 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription-blocking oxidative DNA damage is believed to contribute to aging and to underlie activation of oxidative stress responses and down-regulation of insulin-like signaling (ILS) in Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) deficient mice. Here, we present the first quantitative proteomic description of the Caenorhabditis elegans NER-defective xpa-1 mutant and compare the proteome and transcriptome signatures. Both methods indicated activation of oxidative stress responses, which was substantiated biochemically by a bioenergetic shift involving increased steady-state reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. We identify the lesion-detection enzymes of Base Excision Repair (NTH-1) and global genome NER (XPC-1 and DDB-1) as upstream requirements for transcriptomic reprogramming as RNA-interference mediated depletion of these enzymes prevented up-regulation of genes over-expressed in the xpa-1 mutant. The transcription factors SKN-1 and SLR-2, but not DAF-16, were identified as effectors of reprogramming. As shown in human XPA cells, the levels of transcription-blocking 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine lesions were reduced in the xpa-1 mutant compared to the wild type. Hence, accumulation of cyclopurines is unlikely to be sufficient for reprogramming. Instead, our data support a model where the lesion-detection enzymes NTH-1, XPC-1 and DDB-1 play active roles to generate a genomic stress signal sufficiently strong to result in transcriptomic reprogramming in the xpa-1 mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna D Arczewska
- The Biotechnology Centre, University of Oslo, PO Box 1125 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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Petersen EJ, Tu X, Dizdaroglu M, Zheng M, Nelson BC. Protective roles of single-wall carbon nanotubes in ultrasonication-induced DNA base damage. Small 2013; 9:205-208. [PMID: 22987483 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The overall level of ultrasonication-induced DNA damage is reduced in the presence of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), particularly for DNA lesions formed by one-electron reduction of intermediate radicals. The protective role of SWCNTs observed in this work suggests a contrary view to the general idea that carbon nanotubes have damaging effects on biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J Petersen
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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31
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Reddy PT, Jaruga P, Kirkali G, Tuna G, Nelson BC, Dizdaroglu M. Identification and Quantification of Human DNA Repair Protein NEIL1 by Liquid Chromatography/Isotope-Dilution Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:1049-61. [DOI: 10.1021/pr301037t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasad T. Reddy
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Güldal Kirkali
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Gamze Tuna
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
Maryland 20899, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, School
of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir,
Turkey
| | - Bryant C. Nelson
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
Maryland 20899, United States
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32
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Stephenson AP, Schneider JA, Nelson BC, Atha DH, Jain A, Soliman KFA, Aschner M, Mazzio E, Renee Reams R. Manganese-induced oxidative DNA damage in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells: attenuation of thymine base lesions by glutathione and N-acetylcysteine. Toxicol Lett 2013; 218:299-307. [PMID: 23296100 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element required for normal function and development. However, exposure to this metal at elevated levels may cause manganism, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with neurological symptoms similar to idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). Elevated body burdens of Mn from exposure to parental nutrition, vapors in mines and smelters and welding fumes have been associated with neurological health concerns. The underlying mechanism of Mn neurotoxicity remains unclear. Accordingly, the present study was designed to investigate the toxic effects of Mn(2+) in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Mn(2+) caused a concentration dependent decrease in SH-SY5Y cellular viability compared to controls. The LD50 value was 12.98 μM Mn(2+) (p<0.001 for control vs. 24h Mn treatment). Both TUNEL and annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) apoptosis assays confirmed the induction of apoptosis in the cells following exposure to Mn(2+) (2 μM, 62 μM or 125 μM). In addition, Mn(2+) induced both the formation and accumulation of DNA single strand breaks (via alkaline comet assay analysis) and oxidatively modified thymine bases (via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis). Pre-incubation of the cells with characteristic antioxidants, either 1mM N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or 1mM glutathione (GSH) reduced the level of DNA strand breaks and the formation of thymine base lesions, suggesting protection against oxidative cellular damage. Our findings indicate that (1) exposure of SH-SY5Y cells to Mn promotes both the formation and accumulation of oxidative DNA damage, (2) SH-SY5Y cells with accumulated DNA damage are more likely to die via an apoptotic pathway and (3) the accumulated levels of DNA damage can be abrogated by the addition of exogenous chemical antioxidants. This is the first known report of Mn(2+)-induction and antioxidant protection of thymine lesions in this SH-SY5Y cell line and contributes new information to the potential use of antioxidants as a therapeutic strategy for protection against Mn(2+)-induced oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne P Stephenson
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA.
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33
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Seager AL, Shah UK, Mikhail JM, Nelson BC, Marquis BJ, Doak SH, Johnson GE, Griffiths SM, Carmichael PL, Scott SJ, Scott AD, Jenkins GJS. Pro-oxidant induced DNA damage in human lymphoblastoid cells: homeostatic mechanisms of genotoxic tolerance. Toxicol Sci 2012; 128:387-97. [PMID: 22539617 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to many disease etiologies including ageing, neurodegeneration, and cancer, partly through DNA damage induction (genotoxicity). Understanding the i nteractions of free radicals with DNA is fundamental to discern mutation risks. In genetic toxicology, regulatory authorities consider that most genotoxins exhibit a linear relationship between dose and mutagenic response. Yet, homeostatic mechanisms, including DNA repair, that allow cells to tolerate low levels of genotoxic exposure exist. Acceptance of thresholds for genotoxicity has widespread consequences in terms of understanding cancer risk and regulating human exposure to chemicals/drugs. Three pro-oxidant chemicals, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), potassium bromate (KBrO(3)), and menadione, were examined for low dose-response curves in human lymphoblastoid cells. DNA repair and antioxidant capacity were assessed as possible threshold mechanisms. H(2)O(2) and KBrO(3), but not menadione, exhibited thresholded responses, containing a range of nongenotoxic low doses. Levels of the DNA glycosylase 8-oxoguanine glycosylase were unchanged in response to pro- oxidant stress. DNA repair-focused gene expression arrays reported changes in ATM and BRCA1, involved in double-strand break repair, in response to low-dose pro-oxidant exposure; however, these alterations were not substantiated at the protein level. Determination of oxidatively induced DNA damage in H(2)O(2)-treated AHH-1 cells reported accumulation of thymine glycol above the genotoxic threshold. Further, the H(2)O(2) dose-response curve was shifted by modulating the antioxidant glutathione. Hence, observed pro- oxidant thresholds were due to protective capacities of base excision repair enzymes and antioxidants against DNA damage, highlighting the importance of homeostatic mechanisms in "genotoxic tolerance."
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Seager
- DNA Damage Research Group, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, SA2 8PP, UK
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Atha DH, Wang H, Petersen EJ, Cleveland D, Holbrook RD, Jaruga P, Dizdaroglu M, Xing B, Nelson BC. Copper oxide nanoparticle mediated DNA damage in terrestrial plant models. Environ Sci Technol 2012; 46:1819-27. [PMID: 22201446 DOI: 10.1021/es202660k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles, due to their unique electrical, mechanical, and catalytic properties, are presently found in many commercial products and will be intentionally or inadvertently released at increasing concentrations into the natural environment. Metal- and metal oxide-based nanomaterials have been shown to act as mediators of DNA damage in mammalian cells, organisms, and even in bacteria, but the molecular mechanisms through which this occurs are poorly understood. For the first time, we report that copper oxide nanoparticles induce DNA damage in agricultural and grassland plants. Significant accumulation of oxidatively modified, mutagenic DNA lesions (7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine; 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine; 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine) and strong plant growth inhibition were observed for radish (Raphanus sativus), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), and annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) under controlled laboratory conditions. Lesion accumulation levels mediated by copper ions and macroscale copper particles were measured in tandem to clarify the mechanisms of DNA damage. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of multiple DNA lesion formation and accumulation in plants. These findings provide impetus for future investigations on nanoparticle-mediated DNA damage and repair mechanisms in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald H Atha
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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35
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Nelson BC, Petersen EJ, Marquis BJ, Atha DH, Elliott JT, Cleveland D, Watson SS, Tseng IH, Dillon A, Theodore M, Jackman J. NIST gold nanoparticle reference materials do not induce oxidative DNA damage. Nanotoxicology 2011; 7:21-9. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.626537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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36
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Sander LC, Sharpless KE, Wise SA, Nelson BC, Phinney KW, Porter BJ, Rimmer CA, Thomas JB, Wood LJ, Yen JH, Duewer DL, Atkinson R, Chen P, Goldschmidt R, Wolf WR, Ho IP, Betz JM. Certification of vitamins and carotenoids in SRM 3280 multivitamin/multielement tablets. Anal Chem 2010; 83:99-108. [PMID: 21128589 DOI: 10.1021/ac101953u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new multivitamin/multielement dietary supplement Standard Reference Material (SRM) has been issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), with certified and reference concentration values for 13 vitamins, 24 elements, and 2 carotenoids. The constituents have been measured by multiple analytical methods with data contributed by NIST and by collaborating laboratories. This effort included the first use of isotope dilution mass spectrometry for value assignment of both fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs) and water-soluble vitamins (WSVs). Excellent agreement was obtained among the methods, with relative expanded uncertainties for the certified concentration values typically ranging from <2% to 15% for vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Sander
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, MS 8311, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8392, United States
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37
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Sharpless KE, Lindstrom RM, Nelson BC, Phinney KW, Rimmer CA, Sander LC, Schantz MM, Spatz RO, Thomas JB, Turk GC, Wise SA, Wood LJ, Yen JH. Preparation and characterization of standard reference material 1849 infant/adult nutritional formula. J AOAC Int 2010; 93:1262-1274. [PMID: 20922961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1849 Infant/Adult Nutritional Formula has been issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a replacement for SRM 1846 Infant Formula, issued in 1996. Extraction characteristics of SRM 1846 have changed over time, as have NIST's analytical capabilities. While certified mass fraction values were provided for five constituents in SRM 1846 (four vitamins plus iodine), certified mass fraction values for 43 constituents are provided in SRM 1849 (fatty acids, elements, and vitamins) and reference mass fraction values are provided for an additional 43 constituents including amino acids and nucleotides, making it the most extensively characterized food-matrix SRM available from NIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Sharpless
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390, USA.
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38
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Petersen EJ, Nelson BC. Mechanisms and measurements of nanomaterial-induced oxidative damage to DNA. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:613-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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39
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Kim SK, Reddy SK, Nelson BC, Robinson H, Reddy PT, Ladner JE. A comparative biochemical and structural analysis of the intracellular chorismate mutase (Rv0948c) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and the secreted chorismate mutase (y2828) from Yersinia pestis. FEBS J 2008; 275:4824-35. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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40
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Nelson BC, Putzbach K, Sharpless KE, Sander LC. Mass spectrometric determination of the predominant adrenergic protoalkaloids in bitter orange (Citrus aurantium). J Agric Food Chem 2007; 55:9769-9775. [PMID: 17966980 DOI: 10.1021/jf072030s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The predominant adrenergic protoalkaloid found in the peel and fruit of bitter orange, Citrus aurantium, is synephrine. Synephrine is reputed to have thermogenic properties and is used as a dietary supplement to enhance energy and promote weight loss. However, there exists some concern that the consumption of dietary supplements containing synephrine or similar protoalkaloids may contribute to adverse cardiovascular events. This study developed and validated a positive-ion mode liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the quantitative determination of the major (synephrine) and minor (tyramine, N-methyltyramine, octopamine, and hordenine) adrenergic protoalkaloids in a suite of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) bitter orange Standard Reference Materials (SRMs): SRM 3258 Bitter Orange Fruit, SRM 3259 Bitter Orange Extract, and SRM 3260 Bitter Orange Solid Oral Dosage Form. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for all protoalkaloids is approximately 1 pg on-column, except for octopamine (20 pg on-column). Additionally, the method has a linear dynamic range of > or =3 orders of magnitude for all of the protoalkaloids. Individual, as well as "total", protoalkaloid levels (milligrams per kilogram) in the NIST SRMs were determined and compared to the levels measured by an independent liquid chromatography/fluorescence detection (LC/FD) method. Satisfactory concordance between the LC/MS/MS and LC/FD protoalkaloid measurements was demonstrated. LC/MS/MS analysis of the protoalkaloids in the SRMs resulted in mean measurement imprecision levels of < or =10% coefficient of variation (% CV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant C Nelson
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Stop 8392, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8392, USA.
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41
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Nelson BC, Satterfield MB, Sniegoski LT, Welch MJ. Simultaneous quantification of homocysteine and folate in human serum or plasma using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2007; 77:3586-93. [PMID: 15924393 DOI: 10.1021/ac050235z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A unified extraction and quantification procedure based on stable isotope-dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) has been developed for the simultaneous determination of total homocysteine and folate (5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid and folic acid) levels in human serum and plasma. This is the first report documenting the simultaneous extraction and quantification of these structurally dissimilar analytes. Analytes are quantitatively isolated from samples (500 microL) prior to LC/MS/MS analysis using a two-step stabilization process combined with C18 solid-phase extraction. The method exhibits excellent linearity over 4 orders of magnitude for each analyte. Measurement repeatability (RSD, N = 2) ranged from 0.3% to 3% for all analytes over 1 day of analysis. Total method variability (RSD, N = 6) ranged from 0.7% to 10% for all analytes over three independent days of analysis. The accuracy and practical applicability of the method were demonstrated by applying the method to the quantitative determination of each analyte in a new NIST serum Standard Reference Material (NIST SRM 1955 Homocysteine and Folate in Frozen Human Serum) and in a small subset of normal donor plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant C Nelson
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-0001, USA.
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42
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Camara JE, Satterfield MB, Nelson BC. Quantitative determination of disaccharide content in digested unfragmented heparin and low molecular weight heparin by direct-infusion electrospray mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:1706-14. [PMID: 17275239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2006] [Revised: 12/28/2006] [Accepted: 01/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Heparins and low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are heterogeneous glycosaminoglycans derived from natural sources that are prescribed as anticoagulants. In this work, a direct-infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) method was applied to the quantitative analysis of known disaccharides in various native heparins and LMWHs after digestion with heparinase enzymes. Disaccharide deltaUA2S-->GlcNS6S was found to compose the majority of all samples analyzed (81-88%). The values were significantly higher than those reported by previously published methods. The disaccharide isomer pair deltaUA-->GlcNS6S/deltaUA2S-->GlcNS was also detected in all samples at lower levels (11-19%). While digestion with heparinases I and II revealed a limited number of disaccharides, the addition of heparinase III to digests led to the detection of disaccharide deltaUA2S-->GlcNAc6S in native porcine heparin. This result indicated the importance of utilizing all three heparinases to gain maximum information when analyzing heparin and LMWH digests. This method displayed good between-day (4-6%) and between-digest (1-2%) reproducibility in separate experiments. To determine if the digestion matrix was suppressing the signal of low-abundance disaccharides, several disaccharides were exogenously added at low levels (1-10 pmol/mg) to a quenched digest reaction. Analysis revealed that low level disaccharides were detectable in this matrix above the limits of detection (0.1-0.2 pmol/mg) and quantitation (0.2-0.7 pmol/mg). While this method was unable to distinguish between disaccharide isomers, it utilized simple mass spectrometry instrumentation to provide useful quantitative data for characterizing preparations of native heparin and LMWH, which could be used to compare various marketed preparations of these popular anticoagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna E Camara
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States.
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43
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Kim SK, Reddy SK, Nelson BC, Vasquez GB, Davis A, Howard AJ, Patterson S, Gilliland GL, Ladner JE, Reddy PT. Biochemical and structural characterization of the secreted chorismate mutase (Rv1885c) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv: an *AroQ enzyme not regulated by the aromatic amino acids. J Bacteriol 2007; 188:8638-48. [PMID: 17146044 PMCID: PMC1698256 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00441-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene Rv1885c from the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv encodes a monofunctional and secreted chorismate mutase (*MtCM) with a 33-amino-acid cleavable signal sequence; hence, it belongs to the *AroQ class of chorismate mutases. Consistent with the heterologously expressed *MtCM having periplasmic destination in Escherichia coli and the absence of a discrete periplasmic compartment in M. tuberculosis, we show here that *MtCM secretes into the culture filtrate of M. tuberculosis. *MtCM functions as a homodimer and exhibits a dimeric state of the protein at a concentration as low as 5 nM. *MtCM exhibits simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km of 0.5 +/- 0.05 mM and a k(cat) of 60 s(-1) per active site (at 37 degrees C and pH 7.5). The crystal structure of *MtCM has been determined at 1.7 A resolution (Protein Data Bank identifier 2F6L). The protein has an all alpha-helical structure, and the active site is formed within a single chain without any contribution from the second chain in the dimer. Analysis of the structure shows a novel fold topology for the protein with a topologically rearranged helix containing Arg134. We provide evidence by site-directed mutagenesis that the residues Arg49, Lys60, Arg72, Thr105, Glu109, and Arg134 constitute the catalytic site; the numbering of the residues includes the signal sequence. Our investigation on the effect of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan on *MtCM shows that *MtCM is not regulated by the aromatic amino acids. Consistent with this observation, the X-ray structure of *MtCM does not have an allosteric regulatory site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Kyung Kim
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Mail stop 831.2, Bldg. 227, Room B244, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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Thorpe SJ, Heath A, Blackmore S, Lee A, Hamilton M, O'broin S, Nelson BC, Pfeiffer C. International Standard for serum vitamin B12 and serum folate: international collaborative study to evaluate a batch of lyophilised serum for B12 and folate content. Clin Chem Lab Med 2007; 45:380-6. [PMID: 17378737 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2007.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B(12) and folate measurements in serum show wide inter-methodology variability. This variability appears to be due in part to the lack of standardisation against internationally accepted reference materials. Pooled human serum, lyophilised in ampoules and designated 03/178, was therefore evaluated by 24 laboratories in seven countries for its suitability to serve as an International Standard (IS) for B(12) and folate. METHODS IS 03/178 was assayed using a range of commercial analysers, microbiological assays and, for folate, candidate reference methods based on liquid chromatography coupled to isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). RESULTS Mean vitamin B(12) and folate values for reconstituted 03/178 across all laboratories and methods were 480 pg/mL [coefficient of variation (CV) 12.8%] and 5.52 ng/mL (CV 17.1%), respectively. The total folate content of reconstituted 03/178, determined using LC/MS/MS, was 12.1 nmol/L (equivalent to 5.33 ng/mL), made up of 9.75 nmol/L 5-methyl tetrahydrofolic acid (5MeTHF; CV 5.5%), 1.59 nmol/L 5-formyl tetrahydrofolic acid (5FoTHF; CV 4.2%) and 0.74 nmol/L folic acid (FA; CV 31.6%). The inclusion of three serum samples in the study with different B(12) and folate levels demonstrated a considerable reduction in inter-laboratory variability when the B(12) and folate content of the samples was determined relative to the IS 03/178 rather than to the analyser calibration. IS 03/178 demonstrated satisfactory long-term stability in accelerated degradation studies. CONCLUSIONS Use of IS 03/178 to standardise serum B(12) and folate assays reduced inter-laboratory variability. The World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee on Biological Standardisation established 03/178 as the first IS for serum vitamin B(12) and serum folate, with assigned values of 480 pg/mL of vitamin B(12) and 12.1 nmol/L folate when the lyophilised contents of the ampoule are reconstituted with 1 mL of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Thorpe
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, UK.
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45
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Nelson BC, Sharpless KE, Sander LC. Quantitative determination of folic acid in multivitamin/multielement tablets using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1135:203-11. [PMID: 17018234 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Revised: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Two different isotope-dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) methods for the quantitative determination of folic acid (FA) in multivitamin/multielement tablets are reported. These methods represent distinct improvements in terms of speed and specificity over most existing microbiological and chromatographic methods for the determination of FA in dietary supplements. The first method utilizes an aqueous/organic-based extraction solvent combined with positive-ion mode LC/MS/MS detection of protonated [M + H]+ FA molecules and the second method utilizes a pure aqueous-based extraction solvent combined with negative-ion mode LC/MS/MS detection of deprotonated [M - H]- FA molecules. The LC/MS/MS methods exhibit comparable linear dynamic ranges (> or =3 orders of magnitude), limits of detection (0.02 ng on-column) and limits of quantification (0.06 ng on-column) for FA. Two methods employing different extraction and different MS detection modes were developed to allow method cross-validation. Successful validation of each measurement procedure supports the use of either method for the certification of FA levels in dietary supplements. The accuracy and precision of each measurement procedure were evaluated by applying each method to the quantitative determination of FA in a NIST standard reference material (NIST SRM 3280 multivitamin/multielement tablets). The FA measurement accuracy for both methods was > or =95% (based on the manufacturer's assessment of the FA level in SRM 3280) with corresponding measurement precision values (% RSD) of approximately 1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant C Nelson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001, USA.
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Nelson BC, Sharpless KE, Sander LC. Improved liquid chromatography methods for the separation and quantification of biotin in NIST standard reference material 3280: multivitamin/multielement tablets. J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54:8710-6. [PMID: 17090111 DOI: 10.1021/jf062000+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Two independently developed liquid chromatography (LC) methods for the quantitative determination of biotin in multivitamin/multielement tablets (NIST Standard Reference Material 3280 (SRM 3280)) are described. The methods use distinctly different tablet extraction solvents (methanol vs 1.5% aqueous formic acid) and analyte detection principles (mass spectrometry (MS) versus evaporative light-scattering detection (ELSD)) to ensure quantitative reliability. The use of different extraction and detection procedures allows cross-validation of the methods and enhances confidence in the final quantitative results. Both methods yield highly comparable results for the mean level of biotin (LC/MS = 26.5 mg/kg +/- 0.3 mg/kg (n = 12); LC/ELSD = 24.7 mg/kg +/- 1.7 mg/kg (n = 12)) in SRM 3280, yet the methods differ considerably in their analytical characteristics. The isotope-dilution LC/MS method exhibits excellent linearity from 0.02 ng to 77 ng biotin on-column with a method limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.02 ng (S/N > 3) and 0.06 ng (S/N > 10) biotin on-column, respectively. The LC/ELSD method exhibits good linearity from 155 ng to 9900 ng biotin on-column with a method LOD and LOQ of 155 ng (S/N > 3) and 310 ng (S/N > 10) biotin on-column, respectively. Method performance data indicates that the LC/MS method is analytically superior to the LC/ELSD method; however, either method in combination with SRM 3280 should provide quality assurance, accuracy, and traceability for biotin levels in multivitamin/multielement dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant C Nelson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-0001, USA.
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Satterfield MB, Sniegoski LT, Sharpless KE, Welch MJ, Hornikova A, Zhang NF, Pfeiffer CM, Fazili Z, Zhang M, Nelson BC. Development of a new standard reference material: SRM 1955 (homocysteine and folate in human serum). Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 385:612-22. [PMID: 16715281 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2005] [Revised: 03/14/2006] [Accepted: 03/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Total homocysteine (tHCY) and folate are interrelated biomarkers for arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Although many different methods for both tHCY and folate are clinically available, the intermethod and interlaboratory results are often poor, resulting in the need for a matrix reference material and reference methods. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed isotope dilution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and liquid chromatography/ tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) methods for determination of tHCY and several folate forms including 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5MT) and folic acid (FA). Additionally, a method for simultaneous measurement of tHCY, 5MT, and FA has been developed and validated. In collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), mass spectrometric methods and methods used in clinical laboratories have been applied to characterize a new Standard Reference Material (SRM), SRM 1955, "Homocysteine and Folate in Human Serum," containing low, medium, and high levels of tHCY and 5MT. Additionally, FA, 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid (5FT), vitamin B12, and total folate values are provided. Use of the new SRM should improve clinical measurements and will permit traceability to internationally recognized certified reference materials, as described by European Directive 98/79/EC on in vitro diagnostic medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary B Satterfield
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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Nelson BC, Roddy T, Araghi S, Wilkens D, Thomas JJ, Zhang K, Sung CCC, Richards SM. Globotriaosylceramide isoform profiles in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 805:127-34. [PMID: 15113548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2003] [Revised: 02/16/2004] [Accepted: 02/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Globotriaosylceramide (GL3) is a heterogeneous glycosphingolipid that is elevated in the blood plasma of patients diagnosed with Fabry disease. GL3 consists of numerous isoforms, some of which are distinctly specific to human plasma. An electrospray-ionization LC/MS/MS method has been developed that has the capacity to monitor the GL3 isoform profiles in plasma extracts. Total GL3 is extracted from human plasma via chloroform/methanol liquid-liquid extraction, purified by C(18) solid-phase extraction and analyzed by multiple reaction monitoring LC/MS/MS. The relative responses of eight selected isoforms are calculated on the basis of the total GL3 response and the isoform responses are subsequently utilized to construct isoform profile plots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant C Nelson
- Genzyme Corporation, Immunology, One Mountain Road, Framingham, MA 01701-93222, USA
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Roddy TP, Nelson BC, Sung CCC, Araghi S, Wilkens D, Zhang XK, Thomas JJ, Richards SM. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantification of globotriaosylceramide in plasma for long-term monitoring of Fabry patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy. Clin Chem 2004; 51:237-40. [PMID: 15514097 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2004.038323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Roddy
- Clinical Laboratory Science, Genzyme Corporation, One Mountain Road, Framingham, MA 01701-9322, USA
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Nelson BC, Pfeiffer CM, Margolis SA, Nelson CP. Solid-phase extraction-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the quantification of folate in human plasma or serum. Anal Biochem 2004; 325:41-51. [PMID: 14715283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2003.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5 MT) blood levels is one of several factors used to diagnose folate deficiency in humans. 5 can be selectively purified from either human plasma or human serum via solid-phase extraction procedures and specifically detected and quantified in the extracts with liquid chromatography/isotope-dilution electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. Two different, yet complementary, solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methods have been developed and applied to the quantification of 5 MT from such extracts. One method utilizes the high-affinity folate-binding protein from cow's milk coupled with multiple-reaction-monitoring-mode tandem mass spectrometry while the other method utilizes reversed-phase C(18) extraction followed by selected-ion-monitoring-mode mass spectrometry. The accuracy of each method is assessed through a comparative determination of 5 MT levels in homogenous plasma and serum pools. Additionally, each method is compared and evaluated against the "total folate" results provided by routine radioassay and microbiological assay determinations. On the basis of the experimental data presented in this report, it is suggested that both methods have the capacity to serve as potential reference methods for the quantification of circulating 5MT in plasma or serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant C Nelson
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001, USA.
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