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Mech A, Gottardo S, Amenta V, Amodio A, Belz S, Bøwadt S, Drbohlavová J, Farcal L, Jantunen P, Małyska A, Rasmussen K, Riego Sintes J, Rauscher H. Safe- and sustainable-by-design: The case of Smart Nanomaterials. A perspective based on a European workshop. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 128:105093. [PMID: 34864125 PMCID: PMC8795056 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.105093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The European Commission's Green Deal is a major policy initiative aiming to achieve a climate-neutral, zero-pollution, sustainable, circular and inclusive economy, driving both the New Industrial Strategy for Europe and the Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability. Innovative materials can help to reach these policy goals, but they need to be safe and sustainable themselves. Thus, one aim is to shift the development of chemicals to Safe- and Sustainable-by-Design, and define a new systems approach and criteria for sustainability to achieve this. An online workshop was organised in September 2020 by the Joint Research Centre and the Directorate-General Research and Innovation of the European Commission, with participants from academia, non-governmental organisations, industry and regulatory bodies. The aims were to introduce the concept of Safe- and Sustainable-by-Design, to identify industrial and regulatory challenges in achieving safer and more sustainable Smart Nanomaterials as an example of innovative materials, and to deliver recommendations for directions and actions necessary to meet these challenges. The following needs were identified: (i) an agreed terminology, (ii) a common understanding of the principles of Safe- and Sustainable-by-Design, iii) criteria, assessment tools and incentives to achieve a transition from Safe-by-Design to Safe- and Sustainable-by-Design, and (iv) preparedness of regulators and legislation for innovative chemicals/nanomaterials. This paper presents the authors' view on the state of the art as well as the needs for future activities, based on discussions at the workshop and further considerations. The case of Smart Nanomaterials is used to illustrate the Safe- and Sustainable-by-Design concept and challenges for its implementation. Most of the considerations can be extended to other advanced materials and to chemicals and products in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mech
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Amenta
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Alessia Amodio
- European Commission, Directorate-General Research and Innovation (DG RTD), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Susanne Belz
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Søren Bøwadt
- European Commission, Directorate-General Research and Innovation (DG RTD), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jana Drbohlavová
- European Commission, Directorate-General Research and Innovation (DG RTD), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lucian Farcal
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Paula Jantunen
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Aleksandra Małyska
- European Commission, Directorate-General Research and Innovation (DG RTD), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Hubert Rauscher
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
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Xiarchos I, Morozinis AK, Kavouras P, Charitidis CA. Nanocharacterization, Materials Modeling, and Research Integrity as Enablers of Sound Risk Assessment: Designing Responsible Nanotechnology. Small 2020; 16:e2001590. [PMID: 32656997 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology, as a mature enabling technology, has great potential to boost societal welfare. However, nanomaterials' current and foreseen applications raise serious concerns about their impact on human health and the environment. These concerns emerge because a reliable risk assessment in nanotechnology is yet to be achieved. The reasons for such a shortcoming are the inherent difficulties in characterizing nanomaterials properties. The interaction of characterization with modeling is an open issue and, due to overarching concerns about the reliability of research results, usually framed within the context of research integrity. This essay explores the connection between these different, but deeply intertwined concerns and the way they enable the production of responsible nanotechnology, i.e., nanotechnology devoted to societal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Xiarchos
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nanomaterials, and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou str., Zographos, Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Athanasios K Morozinis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nanomaterials, and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou str., Zographos, Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Kavouras
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nanomaterials, and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou str., Zographos, Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Costas A Charitidis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nanomaterials, and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou str., Zographos, Athens, 15780, Greece
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3
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Isigonis P, Afantitis A, Antunes D, Bartonova A, Beitollahi A, Bohmer N, Bouman E, Chaudhry Q, Cimpan MR, Cimpan E, Doak S, Dupin D, Fedrigo D, Fessard V, Gromelski M, Gutleb AC, Halappanavar S, Hoet P, Jeliazkova N, Jomini S, Lindner S, Linkov I, Longhin EM, Lynch I, Malsch I, Marcomini A, Mariussen E, de la Fuente JM, Melagraki G, Murphy F, Neaves M, Packroff R, Pfuhler S, Puzyn T, Rahman Q, Pran ER, Semenzin E, Serchi T, Steinbach C, Trump B, Vrček IV, Warheit D, Wiesner MR, Willighagen E, Dusinska M. Risk Governance of Emerging Technologies Demonstrated in Terms of its Applicability to Nanomaterials. Small 2020; 16:e2003303. [PMID: 32700469 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnologies have reached maturity and market penetration that require nano-specific changes in legislation and harmonization among legislation domains, such as the amendments to REACH for nanomaterials (NMs) which came into force in 2020. Thus, an assessment of the components and regulatory boundaries of NMs risk governance is timely, alongside related methods and tools, as part of the global efforts to optimise nanosafety and integrate it into product design processes, via Safe(r)-by-Design (SbD) concepts. This paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art regarding risk governance of NMs and lays out the theoretical basis for the development and implementation of an effective, trustworthy and transparent risk governance framework for NMs. The proposed framework enables continuous integration of the evolving state of the science, leverages best practice from contiguous disciplines and facilitates responsive re-thinking of nanosafety governance to meet future needs. To achieve and operationalise such framework, a science-based Risk Governance Council (RGC) for NMs is being developed. The framework will provide a toolkit for independent NMs' risk governance and integrates needs and views of stakeholders. An extension of this framework to relevant advanced materials and emerging technologies is also envisaged, in view of future foundations of risk research in Europe and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Isigonis
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, Mestre, Venice, 30172, Italy
| | | | | | - Alena Bartonova
- NILU, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, 2007, Norway
| | - Ali Beitollahi
- INIC, Iran Nanotechnology Initiate Council, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nils Bohmer
- Society for Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology (DECHEMA), Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, Frankfurt am Main, 60486, Germany
| | - Evert Bouman
- NILU, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, 2007, Norway
| | - Qasim Chaudhry
- University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester, CH1 4BJ, UK
| | - Mihaela Roxana Cimpan
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Biomaterials, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Aarstadveien 19, Bergen, 5009, Norway
| | - Emil Cimpan
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Inndalsveien 28, Bergen, 5063, Norway
| | - Shareen Doak
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Damien Dupin
- CIDETEC, Paseo Miramón 196, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Doreen Fedrigo
- ECOS - European Environmental Citizens Organization for Standardization, Rue d'Edimbourg, 26, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Valérie Fessard
- ANSES Fougères Laboratory, Contaminant Toxicology Unit and Risk Management Support, Unit of Chemicals Assessment, Risk Assessment Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Maisons-Alfort, Cedex 94701, France
| | - Maciej Gromelski
- QSAR Lab Sp. z o.o., al. Grunwaldzka 190/102, Gdańsk, 80-266, Poland
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- LIST, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Hoet
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Environment and Health, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Nina Jeliazkova
- IDEA Ideaconsult Limited Liability Company, Angel Kanchev 4, Sofia, 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Stéphane Jomini
- ANSES Fougères Laboratory, Contaminant Toxicology Unit and Risk Management Support, Unit of Chemicals Assessment, Risk Assessment Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Maisons-Alfort, Cedex 94701, France
| | - Sabine Lindner
- Plastics Europe Deutschland e. V., Mainzer Landstrasse 55, Frankfurt am Main, 60329, Germany
| | - Igor Linkov
- Factor Social Lda., Lisbon, Portugal
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center and Carnegie Mellon University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ineke Malsch
- Malsch TechnoValuation, PO Box 455, Utrecht, AL, 3500, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Marcomini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, Mestre, Venice, 30172, Italy
| | - Espen Mariussen
- NILU, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, 2007, Norway
| | - Jesus M de la Fuente
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | | | | | - Michael Neaves
- ECOS - European Environmental Citizens Organization for Standardization, Rue d'Edimbourg, 26, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Rolf Packroff
- Division of 'Hazardous chemicals and biological agents', BAuA - Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Pfuhler
- Procter & Gamble Co., Miami Valley Innovation Center, 11810 East Miami River Road, Cincinnati, OH, 45239 8707, USA
| | - Tomasz Puzyn
- QSAR Lab Sp. z o.o., al. Grunwaldzka 190/102, Gdańsk, 80-266, Poland
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Group of Environmental Chemometrics, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | | | | | - Elena Semenzin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, Mestre, Venice, 30172, Italy
| | - Tommaso Serchi
- LIST, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Christoph Steinbach
- Society for Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology (DECHEMA), Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, Frankfurt am Main, 60486, Germany
| | - Benjamin Trump
- Factor Social Lda., Lisbon, Portugal
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center and University of Michigan, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ivana Vinković Vrček
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Ksaverska cesta 2, Zagreb, 10 000, Croatia
| | | | - Mark R Wiesner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT) Duke University, 121 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC, 27708-0287, USA
| | - Egon Willighagen
- Department of Bioinformatics, BiGCaT, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, ER 6229, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Dusinska
- NILU, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, 2007, Norway
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Chen
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No.11 Beiyitiao Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - David Leong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E5 #02-18, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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5
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Abstract
Development and application of nanotechnology-enabled medical products, including drugs, devices, and in vitro diagnostics, are rapidly expanding in the global marketplace. In this review, the focus is on providing the reader with an introduction to the landscape of commercially available nanotechnology-enabled medical products as well as an overview of the international documentary standards and reference materials that support and facilitate efficient regulatory evaluation and reliable manufacturing of this diverse group of medical products. We describe the materials, test methods, and standards development needs for emerging medical products. Scientific and measurement challenges involved in the development and application of innovative nanoenabled medical products motivate discussion throughout this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant C Nelson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA;
| | - Caterina Minelli
- National Physical Laboratory, Chemical and Biological Science Department, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Shareen H Doak
- Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Roesslein
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Materials Meet Life Department, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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6
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Boland CS. Stumbling through the Research Wilderness, Standard Methods To Shine Light on Electrically Conductive Nanocomposites for Future Healthcare Monitoring. ACS Nano 2019; 13:13627-13636. [PMID: 31765126 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Electrically conductive nanocomposites are an exciting ever-expanding area of research that has yielded many versatile technologies for wearable health devices. Acting as strain-sensing materials, real-time medical diagnostic tools based on these materials may very well lead to a golden age of healthcare. Currently, the goal in research is to create a material that simultaneously has both a large gauge factor (G) and sensing range. However, a weakness in the area of electromechanical research is the lack of standardization in the reporting of the figure of merit (i.e., G) and the need for other intrinsic metrics to give researchers a more complete view of the research landscape of resistive-type sensors. A paradigm shift in the way in which data are reported is required, to push research in the right direction and to facilitate achieving research goals. Here, we report a standardized method for reporting strain-sensing performance and the introduction of the working factor (W) and the Young's modulus (Y) of a material as figures of merit for sensing materials. Using this standard method, we can define the benchmarks for an optimum sensing material (G > 7, W > 1, Y < 300 kPa) using limits set by standard commercial materials and the human body. Using extrapolated data from 200 publications normalized to this standard method, we can review what composite types meet these benchmark limits, what governs composite performances, the literary trends in composites, and the future prospects of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor S Boland
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences , University of Sussex , Brighton BN1 9QH , United Kingdom
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7
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Lombi E, Donner E, Dusinska M, Wickson F. A One Health approach to managing the applications and implications of nanotechnologies in agriculture. Nat Nanotechnol 2019; 14:523-531. [PMID: 31168074 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The need for appropriate science and regulation to underpin nanosafety is greater than ever as ongoing advances in nanotechnology are rapidly translated into new industrial applications and nano-enabled commercial products. Nevertheless, a disconnect persists between those examining risks to human and environmental health from nanomaterials. This disconnect is not atypical in research and risk assessment and has been perpetuated in the case of engineered nanomaterials by the relatively limited overlap in human and environmental exposure pathways. The advent of agri-nanotechnologies brings both increased need and opportunity to change this status quo as it introduces significant issues of intersectionality that cannot adequately be addressed by current discipline-specific approaches alone. Here, focusing on the specific case of nanoparticles, we propose that a transdisciplinary approach, underpinned by the One Health concept, is needed to support the sustainable development of these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Lombi
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia.
| | - Erica Donner
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia
| | - Maria Dusinska
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Fern Wickson
- GenØk Centre for Biosafety, Siva Innovation Centre, Tromsø, Norway
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8
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Mishra M, Dashora K, Srivastava A, Fasake VD, Nag RH. Prospects, challenges and need for regulation of nanotechnology with special reference to India. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 171:677-682. [PMID: 30658303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To meet the challenges of food security in a sustainable way, technological intervention in agriculture is of prime importance. With the existing conventional technologies supporting high yield, better crop production and protection, the emphasis is now on use of nanotechnology. Exploring new applications of nanotechnology has gained momentum in recent years and has shown acceptance in sectors like food, medicine, chemistry etc. As compared to other sectors, the accepted role in agriculture can still be considered on the marginal side in terms of nanotechnology application. Nanotechnology offers a potential to open large scope of novel application in the fields of biotechnology and agricultural industries due to unique physicochemical properties. Nanoparticles can be used in herbicides, nano-pesticide, nano-fertilizers, or genes, which target specific cellular organelles in plant to release their content. It can potentially play an instrumental role in minimizing the application losses of agrochemicals due to their more stable emulsion, higher coverage on leaf surface, precision application, etc. Understanding that the conventional and macro-technologies in agriculture do not ensure sustainable food security and environmentally safe methods; the researchers are now inclined for more précised nanotechnology based applications. There is still a huge untapped potential of nanomaterials to be used a future technology in agriculture which remains to be explored. Besides offering potential benefits, there are high concerns about the potential challenges associated with nanoparticles. To address the safety concerns about nanoparticles, it is important that a strong regulation system should be developed. Presently, very few countries have started focusing on keeping nanoregulation on their agenda. It is very important for agricultural and biodiverse country like India to set up norms of use nanoregulation and bring nanotechnology on the safe technology net.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Mishra
- Research Scholar, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India.
| | - Kavya Dashora
- Assistant Professor, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
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9
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Kamali M, Persson KM, Costa ME, Capela I. Sustainability criteria for assessing nanotechnology applicability in industrial wastewater treatment: Current status and future outlook. Environ Int 2019; 125:261-276. [PMID: 30731376 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Application of engineered nanomaterials for the treatment of industrial effluents and to deal with recalcitrant pollutants has been noticeably promoted in recent years. Laboratory, pilot and full-scale studies emphasize the potential of this technology to offer promising treatment options to meet the future needs for clean water resources and to comply with stringent environmental regulations. The technology is now in the stage of being transferred to the real applications. Therefore, the assessment of its performance according to sustainability criteria and their incorporation into the decision-making process is a key task to ensure that long term benefits are achieved from the nano-treatment technologies. In this study, the importance of sustainability criteria for the conventional and novel technologies for the treatment of industrial effluents was determined in a general approach assisted by a fuzzy-Delphi method. The criteria were categorized in technical, economic, environmental and social branches and the current situation of the nanotechnology regarding the criteria was critically discussed. The results indicate that the efficiency and safety are the most important parameters to make sustainable choices for the treatment of industrial effluents. Also, in addition to the need for scaling-up the nanotechnology in various stages, the study on their environmental footprint must continue in deeper scales under expected environmental conditions, in particular the synthesis of engineered nanomaterials and the development of reactors with the ability of recovery and reuse the nanomaterials. This paper will aid to select the most sustainable types of nanomaterials for the real applications and to guide the future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Kamali
- Department of Environment and Planning, Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, Aveiro Institute of Materials, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Kenneth M Persson
- Department of Building and Environmental Technology/Water Resources Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Elisabete Costa
- Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, Aveiro Institute of Materials, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Capela
- Department of Environment and Planning, Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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10
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Yvert B, Depaulis A, Delacour C, Aksenova T. Editorial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 110:315. [PMID: 28927520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Lutsenko LA, Rakitskiy VN, Il'nitskaya AV, Egorova AM, Gvozdeva LL. [Features of nano aerosols action and safety measures]. Med Tr Prom Ekol 2016:6-11. [PMID: 27265937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The article presents results of studies concerning influence of high-dispersed aerosol formed in traditional plasma processes on operators' health. Consideration also includes new technologies to obtain metall-containing nanoproducts; the authors recommend protection measures for workers, methods and devices to control nano aerosols in air.
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Maynard
- Risk Innovation Lab at Arizona State University, PO Box 875603, ASU, Tempe, Arizona 85387-5603, USA
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13
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Nakhleh MK, Badarny S, Winer R, Jeries R, Finberg J, Haick H. Distinguishing idiopathic Parkinson's disease from other parkinsonian syndromes by breath test. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014; 21:150-3. [PMID: 25511331 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diagnosis of different parkinsonian syndromes is linked with high misdiagnosis rates and various confounding factors. This is particularly problematic in its early stages. With this in mind, the current pilot study aimed to distinguish between Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (iPD), other Parkinsonian syndromes (non-iPD) and healthy subjects, by a breath test that analyzes the exhaled volatile organic compounds using a highly sensitive nanoarray. METHODS Breath samples of 44 iPD, 16 non-iPD patients and 37 healthy controls were collected. The samples were passed over a nanoarray and the resulting electrical signals were analyzed with discriminant factor analysis as well as by a K-fold cross-validation method, to test the accuracy of the model. RESULTS Comparison of non-iPD with iPD states yielded 88% sensitivity, 88% accuracy, and 88% Receiver Operating Characteristic area under the curve in the training set samples with known identity. The validation set of this comparison scored 81% sensitivity and accuracy and 92% negative predictive value. Comparison between atypical parkinsonism states and healthy subjects scored 94% sensitivity and 85% accuracy in the training set samples with known identity. The validation set of this comparison scored 81% sensitivity and 78% accuracy. The obtained results were not affected by l-Dopa or MAO-B inhibitor treatment. CONCLUSIONS Exhaled breath analysis with nanoarray is a promising approach for a non-invasive, inexpensive, and portable technique for differentiation between different Parkinsonian states. A larger cohort is required in order to establish the clinical usefulness of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Nakhleh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - S Badarny
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Carmel Medical Center, and Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
| | - R Winer
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Carmel Medical Center, and Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - R Jeries
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - J Finberg
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - H Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Yamuna Krishnan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, GKVK, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Maynard
- Risk Science Center, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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16
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Natelson D. Big lessons about small things. Nat Nanotechnol 2014; 9:488. [PMID: 24894480 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2014.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Doug Natelson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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Bai Y, Wu F, White JC, Xing B. 100 nanometers: a potentially inappropriate threshold for environmental and ecological effects of nanoparticles. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:3098-9. [PMID: 24575784 DOI: 10.1021/es500365k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing 100012, China
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van Est R, Stemerding D. Governance strategies for living technologies: bridging the gap between stimulating and regulating technoscience. Artif Life 2013; 19:437-450. [PMID: 23834596 DOI: 10.1162/artl_a_00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The life sciences present a politically and ethically sensitive area of technology development. NBIC convergence-the convergence of nanotechnology, biotechnology, and information and cognitive technology-presents an increased interaction between the biological and physical sciences. As a result the bio-debate is no longer dominated by biotechnology, but driven by NBIC convergence. NBIC convergence enables two bioengineering megatrends: "biology becoming technology" and "technology becoming biology." The notion of living technologies captures the latter megatrend. Accordingly, living technology presents a politically and ethically sensitive area. This implies that governments sooner or later are faced with the challenge of both promoting and regulating the development of living technology. This article describes four current political models to deal with innovation promotion and risk regulation. Based on two specific developments in the field of living technologies-(psycho)physiological computing and synthetic biology-we reflect on appropriate governance strategies for living technologies. We conclude that recent pleas for anticipatory and deliberative governance tend to neglect the need for anticipatory regulation as a key factor in guiding the development of the life sciences from a societal perspective. In particular, when it is expected that a certain living technology will radically challenge current regulatory systems, one should opt for just such a more active biopolitical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinie van Est
- Rathenau Instituut, Eindhoven University of Technology
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Abstract
We present a concept of suppression of the influence of variations of the refractive index of air in displacement measuring interferometry. The principle is based on referencing of wavelength of the coherent laser source in atmospheric conditions instead of traditional stabilization of the optical frequency and indirect evaluation of the refractive index of air. The key advantage is in identical beam paths of the position measuring interferometers and the interferometer used for the wavelength stabilization. Design of the optical arrangement presented here to verify the concept is suitable for real interferometric position sensing in technical practice especially where a high resolution measurement within some limited range in atmospheric conditions is needed, e.g. in nanometrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Lazar
- Institute of Scientific Instruments, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
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20
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Abstract
Based on the recently-introduced Surface Nanoscale Axial Photonics (SNAP) platform, we demonstrate a chain of 30 coupled SNAP microresonators spaced by 50 micron along an optical fiber, which is fabricated with the precision of 0.7 angstrom and a standard deviation of 0.12 angstrom in effective microresonator radius. To the best of our knowledge, this result surpasses those achieved in other super-low-loss photonic technologies developed to date by two orders of magnitude. The chain exhibits bandgaps in both the discrete and continuous spectrum in excellent agreement with theory. The developed method enables robust fabrication of SNAP devices with sub-angstrom precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sumetsky
- OFS Laboratories, Somerset, New Jersey 08873, USA.
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21
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Forsberg EM. Standardisation in the field of nanotechnology: some issues of legitimacy. Sci Eng Ethics 2012; 18:719-739. [PMID: 21424592 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-011-9268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology will allegedly have a revolutionary impact in a wide range of fields, but has also created novel concerns about health, safety and the environment (HSE). Nanotechnology regulation has nevertheless lagged behind nanotechnology development. In 2004 the International Organization for Standardization established a technical committee for producing nanotechnology standards for terminology, measurements, HSE issues and product specifications. These standards are meant to play a role in nanotechnology development, as well as in national and international nanotechnology regulation, and will therefore have consequences for consumers, workers and the environment. This paper gives an overview of the work in the technical committee on nanotechnology and discusses some challenges with regard to legitimacy in such work. The paper focuses particularly on stakeholder involvement and the potential problems of scientific robustness when standardising in such early stages of the scientific development. The intention of the paper is to raise some important issues rather than to draw strong conclusions. However, the paper will be concluded with some suggestions for improving legitimacy in the TC 229 and a call for increased public awareness about standardisation in the field of nanotechnology.
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Seekell K, Price H, Marinakos S, Wax A. Optimization of immunolabeled plasmonic nanoparticles for cell surface receptor analysis. Methods 2012; 56:310-6. [PMID: 21911063 PMCID: PMC3271166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Noble metal nanoparticles hold great potential as optical contrast agents due to a unique feature, known as the plasmon resonance, which produces enhanced scattering and absorption at specific frequencies. The plasmon resonance also provides a spectral tunability that is not often found in organic fluorophores or other labeling methods. The ability to functionalize these nanoparticles with antibodies has led to their development as contrast agents for molecular optical imaging. In this review article, we present methods for optimizing the spectral agility of these labels. We discuss synthesis of gold nanorods, a plasmonic nanoparticle in which the plasmonic resonance can be tuned during synthesis to provide imaging within the spectral window commonly utilized in biomedical applications. We describe recent advances in our group to functionalize gold and silver nanoparticles using distinct antibodies, including EGFR, HER-2 and IGF-1, selected for their relevance to tumor imaging. Finally, we present characterization of these nanoparticle labels to verify their spectral properties and molecular specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Seekell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Abstract
Growing public concern and uncertainties surrounding emerging technologies suggest the need for socially-responsible behavior of companies in the development and implementation of oversight systems for them. In this paper, we argue that corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an important aspect of nanotechnology oversight given the role of trust in shaping public attitudes about nanotechnology and the lack of data about the health and environmental risks of nanoproducts. We argue that CSR is strengthened by the adoption of stakeholder-driven models and attention to moral principles in policies and programs. In this context, we examine drivers of CSR, contextual and leadership factors that influence CSR, and strategies for CSR. To illustrate these concepts, we discuss existing cases of CSR-like behavior in nanotechnology companies, and then provide examples of how companies producing nanomedicines can exhibit morally-driven CSR behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kuzma
- Hubert H. Humphrey Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Linkov I, Bates ME, Canis LJ, Seager TP, Keisler JM. A decision-directed approach for prioritizing research into the impact of nanomaterials on the environment and human health. Nat Nanotechnol 2011; 6:784-7. [PMID: 21963715 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2011.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of nanotechnology has coincided with an increased recognition of the need for new approaches to understand and manage the impact of emerging technologies on the environment and human health. Important elements in these new approaches include life-cycle thinking, public participation and adaptive management of the risks associated with emerging technologies and new materials. However, there is a clear need to develop a framework for linking research on the risks associated with nanotechnology to the decision-making needs of manufacturers, regulators, consumers and other stakeholder groups. Given the very high uncertainties associated with nanomaterials and their impact on the environment and human health, research resources should be directed towards creating the knowledge that is most meaningful to these groups. Here, we present a model (based on multi-criteria decision analysis and a value of information approach) for prioritizing research strategies in a way that is responsive to the recommendations of recent reports on the management of the risk and impact of nanomaterials on the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Linkov
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, US Army Corps of Engineers, Concord, Massachusetts 01742-2718, USA.
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Anderson EV, Chakraborty S, Esformes T, Eggiman D, Degraf C, Stevens KM, Liu D, Burnham NA. Shape-independent lateral force calibration. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2011; 3:3256-3260. [PMID: 21854001 DOI: 10.1021/am200770r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Current methods for lateral force calibration are often time-consuming, expensive, or cause significant wear of the tip. A quick and simple alternative is presented in which the linear relationship between force and voltage is exploited. The technique is independent of the shapes of the sample and cantilever and eliminates common problems, while maintaining better than 10% precision. This advance will facilitate quantitative comparisons between experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan V Anderson
- Physics Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachussetts 01609, United States
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Ai J, Biazar E, Jafarpour M, Montazeri M, Majdi A, Aminifard S, Zafari M, Akbari HR, Rad HG. Nanotoxicology and nanoparticle safety in biomedical designs. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:1117-27. [PMID: 21698080 PMCID: PMC3118686 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s16603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has wide applications in many fields, especially in the biological sciences and medicine. Nanomaterials are applied as coating materials or in treatment and diagnosis. Nanoparticles such as titania, zirconia, silver, diamonds, iron oxides, carbon nanotubes, and biodegradable polymers have been studied in diagnosis and treatment. Many of these nanoparticles may have toxic effects on cells. Many factors such as size, inherent properties, and surface chemistry may cause nanoparticle toxicity. There are methods for improving the performance and reducing toxicity of nanoparticles in medical design, such as biocompatible coating materials or biodegradable/biocompatible nanoparticles. Most metal oxide nanoparticles show toxic effects, but no toxic effects have been observed with biocompatible coatings. Biodegradable nanoparticles are also used in the efficient design of medical materials, which will be reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering. Faculty of Advanced Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Esmaeil Biazar
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University – Tonekabon Branch, Mazandaran
| | - Mostafa Jafarpour
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University – Tonekabon Branch, Mazandaran
| | | | - Ali Majdi
- Young Researchers Club – Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Mazandaran
| | - Saba Aminifard
- Young Researchers Club – Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Mazandaran
| | - Mandana Zafari
- Young Researchers Club – Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Mazandaran
| | - Hanie R Akbari
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University – North branch, Tehran
| | - Hadi Gh Rad
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University – Tonekabon Branch, Mazandaran, Iran
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Murashov V, Schulte P, Geraci C, Howard J. Regulatory approaches to worker protection in nanotechnology industry in the USA and European union. Ind Health 2011; 49:280-296. [PMID: 21372443 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.ms1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A number of reports have been published regarding the applicability of existing regulatory frameworks to protect consumers and the environment from potentially adverse effects related to introduction of nanomaterials into commerce in the United States and the European Union. However, a detailed comparison of the regulatory approaches to worker safety and health in the USA and in the EU is lacking. This report aims to fill this gap by reviewing regulatory frameworks designed to protect workers and their possible application to nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Murashov
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC 20201, USA.
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31
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Onishchenko GG. [Organizing the supervision over the turnover of nanomaterials presenting a potential hazard to human health]. Gig Sanit 2011:4-9. [PMID: 21604392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nanoindustry encompasses very different branches of industry today. It should be noted that these are precisely the investigators who deal with researches and developments of nanomaterials will be to the largest measure exposed and hence the likelihood of the potential harm to their health is greatest. To elaborate the special regulations and programs, normative documents and guidelines designed to afford safety and health protection of the employees at work, which should consider the specific characteristics of nanotechnologies. Since 2007, work has proceeded on the safety evaluation of nanoparticles and nanomaterials. Nanotechnology as a key priority in the foreseeable future poses a number of problems facing hygiene science to develop hygienic safety criteria for the production, usage, utilization and storage of various nanomaterials and to elaborate procedures for determination of nanoparticles in different media. Russia will be able to rapidly progress in solving the safety problems in emerging nanoindustry and to minimize human health and environmental risks associated with the manufacture and use of nanoproducts.
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Youtie J, Porter A, Shapira P, Tang L, Benn T. The use of environmental, health and safety research in nanotechnology research. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2011; 11:158-166. [PMID: 21446421 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.3840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Environmental, health, and safety (EHS) concerns are receiving considerable attention in nanoscience and nanotechnology (nano) research and development (R&D). Policymakers and others have urged that research on nano's EHS implications be developed alongside scientific research in the nano domain rather than subsequent to applications. This concurrent perspective suggests the importance of early understanding and measurement of the diffusion of nano EHS research. The paper examines the diffusion of nano EHS publications, defined through a set of search terms, into the broader nano domain using a global nanotechnology R&D database developed at Georgia Tech. The results indicate that nano EHS research is growing rapidly although it is orders of magnitude smaller than the broader nano S&T domain. Nano EHS work is moderately multidisciplinary, but gaps in biomedical nano EHS's connections with environmental nano EHS are apparent. The paper discusses the implications of these results for the continued monitoring and development of the cross-disciplinary utilization of nano EHS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Youtie
- Enterprise Innovation Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332-0640, USA
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34
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Abstract
Nanomaterials have very unique chemical and physical properties that suggest potential health hazards, but limited health and safety information exists for engineered nanomaterials. This review identifies a need for expanding efforts for addressing health and safety concerns in nanotechnology development and in nanotoxicology of engineered nanomaterials. The efforts include research to generate data for safety evaluation, toxicologic evaluation of potential human health effects, risk assessment to support risk-management decision-making, and regulations development to protect human health and the environment. The federal government's current understanding is that existing statutory authorities are adequate to address oversight of nanotechnology and its applications. On the other hand, the present review identifies weaknesses in the current research efforts and inadequacies in existing regulations. A collaborative effort involving multidisciplinary groups is a key element to address the related needs and issues. While federal agencies with regulatory responsibilities are looked upon to develop and implement sound policies and regulations to protect public health and the environment, state agencies may be required to initiate policies which rapidly incorporate new innovations and address public concerns. To address current and futures need related to nanotechnology, the responsible state agencies need to fill the information gaps and address the health and environmental issues. In California, activities have been initiated, but legislative authority and resources are required to provide risk assessment and health protection in an efficient and timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Fan
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
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35
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Rivera Gil P, Oberdörster G, Elder A, Puntes V, Parak WJ. Correlating physico-chemical with toxicological properties of nanoparticles: the present and the future. ACS Nano 2010; 4:5527-31. [PMID: 20973573 DOI: 10.1021/nn1025687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanotoxicology is still a new discipline. In this Perspective, both its origins and its future trends are discussed. In particular, we note several issues we consider important for publications in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rivera Gil
- Fachbereich Physik and WZMW, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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36
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Yamamoto T. Quantitative analysis of verbal expressions in comments from evaluation committee reviewers in AIST between fiscal years 2001 and 2008. Eval Rev 2010; 34:419-435. [PMID: 20826489 DOI: 10.1177/0193841x10379954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This article discusses the quantitative analysis of verbal expressions of comments from the evaluation committee reviewers for 8 years (FY2001-FY2008) at the Japanese Public Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST). First, the terms often appearing in the comment sheets were observed. Moreover, gradually increasing terms every year and suddenly emerging terms after the beginning of the second research phase are examined. Finally, the terms related closely to the output evaluation are considered. By properly setting the evaluation items, the comments along a specific direction can be obtained from the reviewers. Moreover, the permeation of an idea or concept can also be found by measuring the time variance of the frequency of specific terms in the comment sheet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Yamamoto
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan.
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37
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Kumar V. Microwave effects on biological systems and nanoscience. Foreword. Indian J Exp Biol 2010; 48:954. [PMID: 21299037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Kumar
- Department of Physics & Centre for Applied Research in Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
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Kenwright K, Pifer LLW. Nanotechnology: safety issues. Clin Lab Sci 2010; 23:122-126. [PMID: 20499538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Kenwright
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, Suite 672, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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41
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Ishikawa FN, Curreli M, Chang HK, Chen PC, Zhang R, Cote RJ, Thompson ME, Zhou C. A calibration method for nanowire biosensors to suppress device-to-device variation. ACS Nano 2009; 3:3969-76. [PMID: 19921812 PMCID: PMC2805439 DOI: 10.1021/nn9011384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanowire/nanotube biosensors have stimulated significant interest; however, the inevitable device-to-device variation in the biosensor performance remains a great challenge. We have developed an analytical method to calibrate nanowire biosensor responses that can suppress the device-to-device variation in sensing response significantly. The method is based on our discovery of a strong correlation between the biosensor gate dependence (dI(ds)/dV(g)) and the absolute response (absolute change in current, DeltaI). In(2)O(3) nanowire-based biosensors for streptavidin detection were used as the model system. Studying the liquid gate effect and ionic concentration dependence of strepavidin sensing indicates that electrostatic interaction is the dominant mechanism for sensing response. Based on this sensing mechanism and transistor physics, a linear correlation between the absolute sensor response (DeltaI) and the gate dependence (dI(ds)/dV(g)) is predicted and confirmed experimentally. Using this correlation, a calibration method was developed where the absolute response is divided by dI(ds)/dV(g) for each device, and the calibrated responses from different devices behaved almost identically. Compared to the common normalization method (normalization of the conductance/resistance/current by the initial value), this calibration method was proven advantageous using a conventional transistor model. The method presented here substantially suppresses device-to-device variation, allowing the use of nanosensors in large arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki N. Ishikawa
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Marco Curreli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Hsiao-Kang Chang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Po-Chiang Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Richard J. Cote
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Mark E. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Chongwu Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
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Wiesner MR, Lowry GV, Jones KL, Hochella MF, Di Giulio RT, Casman E, Bernhardt ES. Decreasing uncertainties in assessing environmental exposure, risk, and ecological implications of nanomaterials. Environ Sci Technol 2009; 43:6458-6462. [PMID: 19764202 DOI: 10.1021/es803621k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Determining the fate and interactions of nanomaterials in complex environmental contexts is required to assess exposure and possible harm as well as to inform regulation. As the nanotechnology industry moves up into the rarified air of trillion dollar economics over the next several years (1), the number of simple and complex manufactured nanomaterials (NMs), and their uses, will grow tremendously. Large-scale production of engineered NMs presents the possibility that organisms and ecosystems may be exposed to new levels and qualities of substances with unknown consequences. Naturally occurring nanoscale materials are also ubiquitous in the biosphere, comprising the very building blocks of life and likely playing an important role in ecosystem
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Wiesner
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nano Technology, Duke University Durham, North Carolina, USA
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43
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Khotimchenko SA, Gmoshinskiĭ IV, Tutel'ian VA. [Problem of safety provision of nanodimensional objects for human health]. Gig Sanit 2009:7-11. [PMID: 20050058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnologies are now considered to be a new industrial revolution. The areas of application of current nanomaterials are diverse and comprise electronics, chemical industry, building, medicine, and manufacture of foods and consumer goods. The unusual physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, which are determined by their high dispersity (particle sizes less than 100 nm in at least one dimension), may cause them to be able to penetrate across the biological barriers of the organism, to interact with biological macromolecules and cell structures, and to produce a toxic effect. Today it is recognized that studies of the potential toxic properties of nanoparticles and nanomaterials of artificial origin must be under way at a brisk pace. To determine the priorities of nanotoxicological studies, the authors have developed an algorithm that predicts a potential risk posed by nanodimensional objects to human health and the environment, by analyzing the safety of their physicochemical properties.
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Paradise J, Wolf SM, Kuzma J, Ramachandran G, Kokkoli E. Introduction: The challenge of developing oversight approaches to nanobiotechnology. J Law Med Ethics 2009; 37:543-545. [PMID: 20122099 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-720x.2009.00430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Chatterjee R. The continuing uncertainty of nano risks and regulations. Environ Sci Technol 2008; 42:7733. [PMID: 19031851 DOI: 10.1021/es802396x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Murashov
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC 20201, USA.
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48
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Wang X. The post-yield behavior of bone: from nano to macroscopic length scales. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2008; 8:329. [PMID: 19147961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- University of Texas, Department of Mechanical Engineering, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
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Kuzma J, Paradise J, Ramachandran G, Kim JA, Kokotovich A, Wolf SM. An integrated approach to oversight assessment for emerging technologies. Risk Anal 2008; 28:1197-220. [PMID: 18631303 DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of oversight systems is often conducted from a single disciplinary perspective and by using a limited set of criteria for evaluation. In this article, we develop an approach that blends risk analysis, social science, public administration, legal, public policy, and ethical perspectives to develop a broad set of criteria for assessing oversight systems. Multiple methods, including historical analysis, expert elicitation, and behavioral consensus, were employed to develop multidisciplinary criteria for evaluating oversight of emerging technologies. Sixty-six initial criteria were identified from extensive literature reviews and input from our Working Group. Criteria were placed in four categories reflecting the development, attributes, evolution, and outcomes of oversight systems. Expert elicitation, consensus methods, and multidisciplinary review of the literature were used to refine a condensed, operative set of criteria. Twenty-eight criteria resulted spanning four categories: seven development criteria, 15 attribute criteria, five outcome criteria, and one evolution criterion. These criteria illuminate how oversight systems develop, operate, change, and affect society. We term our approach "integrated oversight assessment" and propose its use as a tool for analyzing relationships among features, outcomes, and tradeoffs of oversight systems. Comparisons among historical case studies of oversight using a consistent set of criteria should result in defensible and evidence-supported lessons to guide the development of oversight systems for emerging technologies, such as nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kuzma
- Center for Science, Technology, and Public Policy, Hubert H. Humphrey Institute, University of Minnesota, 301-19th Ave. S., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Iavicoli S, Boccuni F. [Contribution of research to the responsible and sustainable development of nanotechnologies]. G Ital Med Lav Ergon 2008; 30:110-114. [PMID: 19288800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The newly-fledged nanotechnologies offer opportunities for social development but uncertainties prevail about their impact on human and environmental health. Right now there is still a huge gap between technological progress and research into the health and safety aspects of nanomaterials. This is clear from the quantity of nano-products already on the market--more than 600--and the public and private funds dedicated to the development of nanotechnologies, which are almost a hundred times those available for research into their effects on health and safety. Estimates have it that by 2014 nanotechnologies will be widely used in our society, and ten million new jobs will be created. Therefore it becomes essential to plan an integrated approach to specific risk analysis at work. The following gaps and needs come to light: limited information; difficulties in relating nanotechnologies and production of nanomaterials to specific areas of application; efforts required to assess the hazards posed by nanomaterials in realistic exposure conditions; ethical issues about nanotechnology in the workplace likely to arise from today's knowledge about the hazards of nanomaterials and the risks they may pose to workers. An integrated approach to research, cooperation and communication strategies is essential if we are to direct our efforts towards responsible and sustainable growth of nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Iavicoli
- Istituto Superiore per la Prevenzione E la Sicurezza del Lavoro, Dipartimento di Medicina del Lavoro, Centro Ricerche, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00040 Monteporzio Catone, Roma, Italy.
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