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Pia JVP, Galam R, Bartusevičienė I. Regulating seafarers' welfare: an examination of the protection of Filipino seafarers' well-being through a legal analysis of the POEA-Standard Employment Contract. Int Marit Health 2024; 75:10-18. [PMID: 38647055 DOI: 10.5603/imh.98244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Philippines is the global maritime industry's single biggest source of seafarers. This article examines how the Philippines protects the welfare of its seafarers working on board ocean-going vessels. MATERIALS AND METHODS We employed a multi-method approach to better understand the POEA-SEC as a regulatory instrument. First, we analysed Philippine legislation and regulations that are shaping the employment, welfare, and working conditions of Filipino seafarers. Second, we examined the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration Standard Employment Contract (POEA-SEC) which requires that minimum standards of employment for seafarers are met. We use legal analysis to examine three specific provisions that pertain to their well-being: duration of employment, monetary considerations, and working conditions in terms of hours of work and rest periods. Third, we analysed interview and focus group data on the experiences of Filipino seafarers on board ships in respect of the POEA-SEC's efficacy in protecting their well-being. RESULTS Analysis of the policy environment for Filipino seafarers shows how the interests of powerful actors have taken precedence over those of Filipino seafarers. Seafarers' experiences suggest that they cannot be reached by the contract, whether symbolic or otherwise. The contract fails to address seafarer issues, such as security of tenure, excessive working hours resulting in fatigue, stress and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS The POEA-SEC falls short as a legal document to address occupational, health and safety issues, which contribute to the detriment of seafarers' health and well-being. This indicates that the Philippine government cannot fully protect its seafarers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Ver P Pia
- Maritime Attaché, Embassy of the Republic of the Philippines, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roderick Galam
- School of Law and Social Sciences Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Bergen S. Fetal Protection Policies and Corporate Liability of the US Vinyl Chloride Industry, 1974-1991. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:271-276. [PMID: 35080929 PMCID: PMC8802595 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2021.306539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In the late 20th century, fetal protection policies barred women from hundreds of thousands of industrial jobs on the pretext that if women became pregnant, their fetuses might be harmed by workplace exposure to toxic chemicals. Beginning in the 1970s, these policies set off a decades-long contest between the chemical industry, government agencies, and the judicial system over how to balance the uncertain reproductive health risks against sex discrimination. This article revives the subject of reproductive health and workplace protections through a historical case study of fetal protection policies at Firestone Plastics, a leader in the postwar vinyl chloride industry. I use formerly secret industry documents to argue that Firestone used scientific uncertainty and gender essentialism to skirt new regulatory pressures and minimize corporate liability. Ultimately, fetal protection policies stymied innovative regulatory efforts to protect all workers-not just women-from reproductive hazards in the workplace. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(2):271-276. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306539).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadie Bergen
- The author is with the Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Rubin EJ, Baden LR, Mello MM, Morrissey S. Audio Interview: The Legal Basis for Covid-19 Restrictions and Mandates. N Engl J Med 2021; 385:e88. [PMID: 34788514 DOI: 10.1056/nejme2118197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Żywicka A, Choina P, Jarosz MJ. Importance of legal regulations resulting from technical harmonization in the European Union for improvement of work safety of farmers in Poland. Ann Agric Environ Med 2021; 28:378-384. [PMID: 34558257 DOI: 10.26444/aaem/141625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Accidents exert a negative effect on the quality and standard of living of rural inhabitants, especially when they make it impossible to continue work on a farm, or this work may be performed only to a limited extent. The creation of effective legal mechanisms which would guarantee the safety of operation of machinery is a crucial issue, it is of a preventive character and considerably limits the number of accidents. Approximately 16.1 million people live in the rural areas and around 2.3 million work in the agricultural sector, which represents 14.5% of all labour in Poland in 2019. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the legal regulations resulting from the directives of technical harmonization in the European Union for improvement of safety of work with the use of agricultural machinery in Poland. MATERIALS AND METHOD The method was critical analysis of legal acts in effect, court rulings, and statistical data concerning accidentsoin farms, made available by the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund (KRUS). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE As a result of Poland's membership of the European Union, rural areas were covered by globalization processes and single market rules, within which there function legal mechanisms of safety and quality of products. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of the 16 years of Poland's membership of the EU, resulted in positive results being observed in the use of the directives of technical harmonization, especially in reducing the number of accidents involving agricultural machinery. However, this improvement may result from using newly-purchased, modern and safer agricultural machinery covered by the conformity assessment, and preventive actions carried out by the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund. An impact of other factors, not analysed in the study, cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Choina
- Department of Medical Anthropology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
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Jakob MC, Santa D, Holte KA, Sikkeland IJ, Hilt B, Lundqvist P. Occupational health and safety in agriculture - a brief report on organization, legislation and support in selected European countries. Ann Agric Environ Med 2021; 28:452-457. [PMID: 34558269 DOI: 10.26444/aaem/140197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Agriculture and forestry are among the most dangerous professions in Europe, with a high level of accidents affecting the sustainability and viability of the sector. International conventions, EU directives and national legislation build the fundamental basis for prevention. The aim of the study is to describe and categorize national mechanisms of occupational safety and health (OSH) for agricultural workers in Europe, to assess the extent of implementing safety regulation, the body in charge, and to give examples of health and safety initiatives. MATERIAL AND METHODS Results of a questionnaire-survey on basic safety regulations on farms sent by e-mail to the representatives of 30 participating European countries in the context of the Sacurima COST action network (CA 16123) are presented. Due to the complexity, only selected countries are described in this study highlighting the regulative bodies, occupational health services or specific training offers, as well as the complexity of the mechanisms. RESULTS One of the most serious issues and deficits of EU OSH regulation is the exclusion of self-employed farmers who compose nearly 90% of the farming population. This leads to serious under-reporting of accidents, and because one of the most common measures for the performance of health and safety initiatives are the injury and ill health statistics, better registration systems are urgently needed in almost all countries as a basis for preventive efforts. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study provide a basis for raising awareness about the current OSH systems in Europe, and the importance of developing sector specific OSH strategies. The proposed activities should assist in tackling high accident rates and poor occupational health for self-employed farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Carola Jakob
- Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Leibniz Institute, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dushica Santa
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | | | | | - Björn Hilt
- Department of Occupational Medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Peter Lundqvist
- Department of People and Society, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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Watterson A. Failure to prescribe: UK workers with occupational long covid-19 have been ignored. BMJ 2021; 374:n2018. [PMID: 34400406 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
In 2020, medical cannabis is legal in thirty-six states and adult use ("recreational") cannabis is legal in fifteen, despite cannabis remaining illegal at the federal level. Up to 250,000 individuals work as full-time employees in cannabis. During the COVID-19 pandemic, California, Colorado, and other states deemed medical cannabis business as essential, raising occupational challenges and safety issues for cannabis employees. In 2020, interviews were conducted with Ethan, an extraction lab assistant in Las Vegas; Haylee, a trainer with a cannabis company in Sacramento; and Belinda, a Wisconsin-based occupational health and safety trainer, to showcase concerns and experiences in cannabis workplaces and training programs. Findings from interviews reveal pro-worker activities to promote workplace safety and labor unionism while large multistate operators seek to optimize profits and obstruct workers' rights. Knowledge gained through the interviews contributes to discussions to lessen the potential exposure of the cannabis workforce to COVID 19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jassy Grewal
- United Food and Commercial Workers International Union, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Abstract
Since 2004, tattooing products have been recognized as such by French law. A tattooist must declare his activity to the ARS (French regional health agency). A tattooist is legally compelled to undergo training sessions on occupational safety and hygienic requirements and to deliver his certificate to the ARS. A tattooist commits himself to preliminarily informing his customers of the risks they possibly incur and of the precautions to be taken. He also commits himself to complying with general rules and regulations and with good practices of hygiene and safety; lastly, he signs an agreement pertaining to waste disposal (DASRI). Contrary to pharmaceutical products, tattooing products are not subject to authorization prior to their commercialization. Any adverse effect after tattooing must be the subject of a declaration addressed to the ANSM (French health products safety agency) by the customer, the tattooist or a health professional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kluger
- Consultation "tatouages", service de dermatologie, hôpital Bichat - Claude-Bernard, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75877 Paris cedex 18, France; Departments of dermatology, allergology and venereology, university of Helsinki and Helsinki university central hospital, 00029 Hus, Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Michaels
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Gregory R Wagner
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Ojima J. Features of the Japanese Industrial Safety and Health Act: some key points regarding the organization of safety and health management. Ind Health 2020; 58:479-486. [PMID: 32389937 PMCID: PMC7557416 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2020-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Japanese Industrial Safety and Health Act was first enacted in 1972. The purpose of this Act is to secure the safety and health of workers in the workplace, as well as to facilitate the establishment of a comfortable work environment. To fulfill these purposes, the Industrial Safety and Health Act aims to clarify the responsibility system in the workplace and to promote proactive efforts by both employers and employees to maintain safety and health in the workplace. Specifically, it is expected that occupational accidents will be prevented by obligating employers to appoint safety and health personnel in accordance with the Act. In this paper, I introduce the features and key points of the Industrial Safety and Health Act, especially in relation to Chapter 3 (Articles 10-19), which provides for the organization of the safety and health management system. In addition, I describe recent amendments to the Act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ojima
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Legal aspects of epilepsy are jurisdiction-dependent, and this analysis has focused on an Australian context;however, the reader can extrapolate to his/her local jurisdiction and/or legal system. EPILEPSY AND DRIVING The AUSTROADS Guidelines have codified the fitness to drive restrictions to be imposed for both private and commercial drivers. They set out the default positions and the considerations that can be applied to deviate from the default of at least 1year seizure freedom for private license holders and 10years seizure freedom for commercial drivers. EPILEPSY AND EMPLOYMENT People with epilepsy are broadly excluded from all employment requiring the wearing of a uniform. Only where preemployment medical examination mandates disclosure does the person with epilepsy has to disclose epilepsy to a prospective employer. There are specific laws that control workplace and employment standards that cover occupational health and safety, protection for the disabled, and antidiscrimination. NEGLIGENCE Negligence relies on establishing: duty of care; breach of that duty; and damage that is not too remote. Once ascertained, liability is established by the relative causation. The Civil Liability Acts served to redefine negligence, causation, and liability. Added consideration attaches to vicarious liability of the employer for the employee and nondelegable duty of care. CONCLUSIONS This overview has examined three legal aspects of epilepsy, namely, driving, employment, and negligence. The concepts and interpretations should have relative applicability well beyond any narrow confines, limited to a single jurisdiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy G Beran
- University of New South Wales, Australia; Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; Sechenov University, Russia.
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Fukai K, Sakai S, Ito R, Ito N, Odagami K, Cabigon JJJ, Hernandez PMR, Kobayashi Y, Mori K. [System and human resources for occupational health in the republic of the Philippines: Management of occupational health activities at overseas workplaces for Japanese enterprises]. Sangyo Eiseigaku Zasshi 2020; 62:154-164. [PMID: 31813920 DOI: 10.1539/sangyoeisei.2019-019-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to consider the appropriate occupational health system for Japanese enterprises in the Philippines based on information on the regulations and development of specialists. METHODS We collected information using an information-gathering checklist. Along with literature and internet surveys, we conducted interviews by visiting local business sites, central government agencies in charge of medical and health issues, and educational institutions with specialized occupational physician training curricula. RESULTS Occupational health administration in the Philippines is managed by the Department of Labor and Employment, which issues the Occupational Safety and Health Standards that specify the legal requirements for occupational health. A new law(Republic Act 11058),enacted in 2018 to strengthen the Occupational Safety and Health Standards, has newly established a penalty provision in case of violations. Professional personnel responsible for occupational health are grouped as safety officers and occupational health personnel, including occupational physicians and occupational nurses; training is conducted at the Occupational Safety and Health Center of the Department of Labor and Employment and educational institutions. The basic medical insurance system and the workers' compensation system are operated by the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation and Social Security Committee, respectively, both of which are government agencies. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that occupational health activities in the Philippines are based on government regulations, namely, the Occupational Safety and Health Standards. In addition, the enactment of a new law calls for strict compliance with corporate occupational health activities. To manage proper occupational health activities at overseas workplaces, Japanese corporations should clarify corporate-wide policies and support local employers in complying with regulations and utilizing highly specialized personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Fukai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine
- HOYA Corporation
| | - Saki Sakai
- Department of Occupational Health Management and Practice, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Ryotaro Ito
- Department of Occupational Health Management and Practice, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Naoto Ito
- Occupational Health Training Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Kiminori Odagami
- HOYA Corporation
- Department of Occupational Health Management and Practice, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | | | - Paul Michael R Hernandez
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila
| | - Yuichi Kobayashi
- HOYA Corporation
- Department of Occupational Health Management and Practice, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Koji Mori
- Department of Occupational Health Management and Practice, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
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Morimatsu Y, Nishikiori H, Okahara Y, Kojima Y, Kinoshita S, Mori M, Hoshiko M, Ishitake T. [Current status and problem of occupational health and safety of occupational diving workers in Malaysia]. Sangyo Eiseigaku Zasshi 2020; 62:165-167. [PMID: 31983700 DOI: 10.1539/sangyoeisei.2019-021-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Morimatsu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Hideharu Nishikiori
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
- Chugoku Diving Corporation Limited
| | | | - Yasushi Kojima
- Tokio Marine & Nichido Medical Service Company Limited
- Hyperbaric Medical Center, Medical Hospital of Tokyo Medical and Dental University
- Divers Alert Network Japan (DAN JAPAN)/Japan Marine Recreation Association
| | | | - Mihoko Mori
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Michiko Hoshiko
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Tatsuya Ishitake
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
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Michaels D, Barab J. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration at 50: Protecting Workers in a Changing Economy. Am J Public Health 2020; 110:631-635. [PMID: 32191515 PMCID: PMC7144438 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2020.305597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The passage of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 brought unprecedented changes in US workplaces, and the activities of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) have contributed to a significant reduction in work-related deaths, injuries, and illnesses. Despite this, millions of workers are injured annually, and thousands killed.To reduce the toll, OSHA needs greater resources, a new standard-setting process, increased civil and criminal penalties, full coverage for all workers, and stronger whistleblower protections. Workers should not be injured or made sick by their jobs. To eliminate work injuries and illnesses, we must remake and modernize OSHA and restructure the relationship of employers and workers with the agency and each other.This includes changing the expectation of what employers must do to protect workers and implementing a requirement that firms have a "duty of care" to protect all people who may be harmed by their activities. Only by making major changes can we ensure that every worker leaves work as healthy as they were when their work shift began.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Michaels
- David Michaels is with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC. He was Assistant Secretary of Labor for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Washington, DC, 2009-2017. Jordan Barab was Deputy Assistant Secretary of Labor for OSHA, 2009-2017
| | - Jordan Barab
- David Michaels is with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC. He was Assistant Secretary of Labor for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Washington, DC, 2009-2017. Jordan Barab was Deputy Assistant Secretary of Labor for OSHA, 2009-2017
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Abstract
As this short history of occupational safety and health before and after establishment of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) clearly demonstrates, labor has always recognized perils in the workplace, and as a result, workers' safety and health have played an essential part of the battles for shorter hours, higher wages, and better working conditions. OSHA's history is an intimate part of a long struggle over the rights of working people to a safe and healthy workplace. In the early decades, strikes over working conditions multiplied. The New Deal profoundly increased the role of the federal government in the field of occupational safety and health. In the 1960s, unions helped mobilize hundreds of thousands of workers and their unions to push for federal legislation that ultimately resulted in the passage of the Mine Safety and Health Act of 1969 and the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. From the 1970s onward, industry developed a variety of tactics to undercut OSHA. Industry argued over what constituted good science, shifted the debate from health to economic costs, and challenged all statements considered damaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rosner
- David Rosner is with the Center for the History & Ethics of Public Health, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, and Department of History, Columbia University, New York, NY. Gerald Markowitz is with Interdisciplinary Studies, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, and the History Department, Graduate Center, City University Of New York, New York, NY
| | - Gerald Markowitz
- David Rosner is with the Center for the History & Ethics of Public Health, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, and Department of History, Columbia University, New York, NY. Gerald Markowitz is with Interdisciplinary Studies, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, and the History Department, Graduate Center, City University Of New York, New York, NY
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Freckelton I. COVID-19, Negligence and Occupational Health and Safety: Ethical and Legal Issues for Hospitals and Health Centres. J Law Med 2020; 27:590-600. [PMID: 32406623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The international incidence of health workers being infected with COVID-19 is deeply troubling. Until a vaccine is developed, they are the community's bulwark against the pandemic. It is vital that they be protected to the maximum extent possible. This entails the need for implementation of effective and compassionate protocols to keep their workplace as safe as possible for them, their colleagues and their patients in a context of much as yet not being known about the virus and awareness that some persons infected by it are for a time at least asymptomatic and that others test negative for it when they are prodromal or even already displaying some symptomatology. This has repercussions both for the liability of hospitals and multi-practitioner centres for negligence and also under occupational health and safety legislation. With the commencement of the roll out of biosecurity and disaster/emergency measures by government and escalating levels of anxiety in the general population, it is important to reflect upon the measures that most effectively can be adopted practically and ethically to protect the health and safety of those whose task it is to care for us if we become infected by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Freckelton
- Barrister, Crockett Chambers, Melbourne; Professorial Fellow of Law and Psychiatry, University of Melbourne; Adjunct Professor of Forensic Medicine, Monash University; Adjunct Professor, John Hopkins University, United States
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Manning WG, Pillay M. A critical analysis of the current South African occupational health law and hearing loss. S Afr J Commun Disord 2020; 67:e1-e11. [PMID: 32242441 PMCID: PMC7136813 DOI: 10.4102/sajcd.v67i2.694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational health laws must recognise the constitutional requirement of substantive equality, and its role in 'the progressive realisation' of the rights provided by Section 27. OBJECTIVES Our main aim is to review current South African occupational health law (vis-à-vis workers' constitutional rights) in relation to hearing loss. We focus on gaps in the law regarding occupational hearing loss in South Africa. METHOD Our review of legal texts relies on experience as a methodological device augmented by the use of a critical science. Guided by literature or evidence synthesis methodologies, South African primary and secondary laws were reviewed along with unpublished (non-peer-reviewed) grey literature. An established six-step framework guided our thematic analysis. A semantic approach aided the critical interpretation of data using the Bill of Rights as a core analytical framework. RESULTS Four themes are discussed: (1) separate and unequal regulatory frameworks; (2) monologic foregrounding of noise; (3) minimisation of vestibular disorders; and (4) dilution of ototoxic agents. The highly divided legal framework of occupational health and safety in South Africa perpetuates a monologic 'excessive noise-hearing loss' paradigm that has implications for the rights of all workers to equal protections and benefits. There is a need to harmonise occupational health and safety law, and expand the scope of hearing-protection legislation to include the full range of established ototoxic hazards. CONCLUSION Occupational audiology is dominated by efforts to address noise-induced hearing loss. A 'noise' despite the reality of workers' exposures to a range of ototoxic stressors that act synergistically on the ear, resulting in audio-vestibular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren G Manning
- Discipline of Audiology, School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban.
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Sammicheli M, Scaglione M. [Medico-legal considerations and occupational medicine issues regarding the targeted employment of disabled persons: regulatory review, current social and medical operational guidelines and current application phenomena]. G Ital Med Lav Ergon 2020; 42:60-67. [PMID: 32614535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Authors examine developments in Italian legislation concerning compulsory work placements for disabled people, comparing them to those of other countries, and focusing in particular on the operational aspects of the assessment committees set up under Italian legislative decree 68/1999; these commissions are tasked with a global assessment of the disabled individual, using multiple socio-health and occupational medicine perspectives, as well as through a conclusive medico-legal assessment. The work focuses on the delicate role played by these committees in adequately weighing up the residual working capacity of the disabled individual in order to place him/her in the most appropriate and least aggravating workplace in terms of the disorders they are affected by; this is possible by transferring the socio-work profile drawn up by the evaluation committee into the context of the labour market. Finally, the Authors try to highlight how this task has become even more difficult due to the economic and labour crises that have affected several of the employment sectors in Italy in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Sammicheli
- Medico chirurgo specialista in Medicina Legale
- Medico convenzionato esterno presso il Centro Medico Legale (CML) INPS di Siena
| | - Marcella Scaglione
- Medico chirurgo specialista in Medicina Legale
- Medico convenzionato esterno presso il Centro Medico Legale (CML) INPS di Siena
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Abstract
Enclosed cabs with filtration systems, an engineering control preferred in the hierarchy of controls, may reduce heavy equipment operators’ silica exposure during demolition, grading, and excavation. We surveyed operating engineer trainers about silica training, familiarity with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) silica standard, and cab filtration systems. A voluntary and anonymous online survey was e-mailed to 437 trainers in January 2018. The response rate was 22.9 percent (n = 100). Most trainers (84 percent) covered health risks and silica exposure prevention in their courses. Of these, 59 percent discussed cab filtration as an engineering control. Trainers identified possible barriers to the use of cab filtration systems and a need for education to increase use, and raised concerns about other exposures associated with heavy equipment use. Education about selection, use, and maintenance of cab filtration systems to control silica exposure is needed. Engineering improvements to heavy equipment should address cab filtration, noise, heat, and vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Barlet
- CPWR-The Center for Construction Research and Training, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Rosemary K Sokas
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University School of Nursing and Health Studies, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eileen Betit
- CPWR-The Center for Construction Research and Training, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Laslett AM, Stanesby O, Wilsnack S, Room R, Greenfield TK. Cross-National Comparisons and Correlates of Harms From the Drinking of People With Whom You Work. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:141-151. [PMID: 31774575 PMCID: PMC6980933 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While research in high-income countries (HICs) has established high costs associated with alcohol's harm to others (AHTO) in the workplace, scant attention has been paid to AHTO in the workplace in lower- or middle-income countries (LMICs). AIM To compare estimates and predictors of alcohol's impacts upon coworkers among workers in 12 countries. METHODS Cross-sectional surveys from 9,693 men and 8,606 women employed in Switzerland, Australia, the United States, Ireland, New Zealand, Chile, Nigeria, Lao PDR, Thailand, Vietnam, India, and Sri Lanka. Five questions were asked about harms in the past year because of coworkers' drinking: Had they (i) covered for another worker; (ii) worked extra hours; (iii) been involved in an accident or close call; or had their (iv) own productivity been reduced; or (v) ability to do their job been affected? Logistic regression and meta-analyses were estimated with 1 or more harms (vs. none) as the dependent variable, adjusting for age, sex, rurality of location, and the respondent worker's own drinking. RESULTS Between 1% (New Zealand) and 16% (Thailand) of workers reported that they had been adversely affected by a coworker's drinking in the previous year (with most countries in the 6 to 13% range). Smaller percentages (<1% to 12%) reported being in an accident or close call due to others' drinking. Employed men were more likely to report harm from coworkers' drinking than employed women in all countries apart from the United States, New Zealand, and Vietnam, and own drinking pattern was associated with increased harm in 5 countries. Harms were distributed fairly equally across age and geographic regions. Harm from coworkers' drinking was less prevalent among men in HICs compared with LMICs. CONCLUSIONS Workforce impairment because of drinking extends beyond the drinker in a range of countries and impacts productivity and economic development, particularly affecting men in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Laslett
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Western Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Oliver Stanesby
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon Wilsnack
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Tozzi GA. [The harmonized approach to health and safety in Italian ports: the experience of the interregional technical group on ports and ships]. G Ital Med Lav Ergon 2019; 41:299-305. [PMID: 32126597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This report summarises some of the crucial and critical aspects on the enforcement of the Italian regulations on port and maritime work and fishing, following the activity of the Interregional Coordination Working Group on OHS in Ports and Ships from September 2017 until September 2019. The discussions have been organised in fine main topics. First of all, the complex relationships between the different Institution and Social Partners dealing with the subject at local and national level. Some specific topics are then analysed in depth: the limits of regulations on health surveillance for maritime workers; the difficult management of work interference during loading and unloading ships, the transport of dangerous chemicals and the port road and rail safety; the critical aspects of the enforcement of precautions for hot work in ship repair and asbestos removal. Finally, we describe a complex national training on the field project, organized for the inspectors by the Working Group on OHS in Loading and Unloading ships, Shipyards and Ship Repair, Fishing work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuli Andrea Tozzi
- Responsabile della Struttura Semplice PORTO della Struttura Complessa PSAL dell'ASL3 Regione Liguria - Coordinatore GRUPPO INTERREGIONALE "PORTI e NAVI"
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24
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Indregard AMR, Knardahl S, Emberland JS, Skare Ø, Johannessen HA. Effectiveness of the Labour Inspection Authority's regulatory tools for work environment and employee health: study protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial among Norwegian home-care workers. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e031226. [PMID: 31772092 PMCID: PMC6886903 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a need to evaluate whether, and to what degree, labour inspections or other regulatory tools have the desired effects on psychosocial, organisational and mechanical work environment, and employee health. The Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority (NLIA) uses different tools and strategies to enforce compliance with occupational safety and health (OSH) legislation. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of labour inspections and other regulatory tools employed by the NLIA. The home-care service is one of the fastest growing occupations and a prioritised area for the NLIA, hence the present study will investigate regulatory tools in this sector. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The research project has been designed as a longitudinal, cluster-randomised, controlled trial and will be conducted among Norwegian home-care workers. The objective of the research project is to evaluate the effects of the NLIA's regulatory tools (inspection and guidance) on: (1) compliance with OSH legislation and regulation; (2) psychosocial, organisational and mechanical work environment; (3) employee health in terms of musculoskeletal and mental health complaints; and (4) sickness absence. Public home-care services have been randomised to three intervention groups and one control group. Home-care services in the intervention groups will receive one of three intervention activities from the NLIA: (1) inspection from the Labour Inspection Authority; (2) guidance through an online interactive risk-assessment tool; and (3) guidance on psychosocial, organisational and mechanical work environment through workshops. The interventions will be performed at the organisational level (home-care service), and the effects of the interventions on the working environment and health complaints will be measured at the individual level (home-care employees). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This project has been approved by the Regional Committees for Medical and Health Research Ethics (REC) in Norway (REC South East) (2018/2003/REK sør-øst C), the Norwegian Center for Research Data (566128), and will be conducted in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. The results will be reported in international peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03855163.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marthe R Indregard
- Department of Occupational Health Surveillance, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein Knardahl
- Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Shahid Emberland
- Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øivind Skare
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håkon A Johannessen
- Department of Occupational Health Surveillance, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
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25
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26
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Calisti R. [The "new carcinogens' directive" from the European Union: new tasks waiting for us, new opportunities in front of us (and that we need not to waste) in Italy]. G Ital Med Lav Ergon 2019; 41:193-201. [PMID: 31242348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The new EU directive on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens and mutagens at work, issued on December 2017, will be integrated inside the Member States' national laws not later than 17th January 2020. The new directive brings in force new binding occupational exposure limit values (BOELVs) for several agents, some of great importance such as hard wood dusts, a set of hexavalent chromium compounds and crystalline silica dust; for some cases, the entry into force of the new limits is delayed in time. The new directive clarifies that the limit values are established considering factors distinct from health necessities too. The Member States are bound to adopt national limit values not avexceeding the corresponding EU ones, but are empowered to lower them. It is essential that the control of the actual respect of the limit values results not only from the application of theoretic previsional models, but is entrusted mainly to high quality exposure measurements and to estimates directly derived from measurements, on the base of publicly available JEMs. The specific health surveillance to be provided to any person both exposed and previously exposed to carcinogens at work should not be limited to proper oncological screening actions, but should include programs for biological monitoring of both exposures and related pre-neoplastic effects, every time any of these is possible and useful. A fair mapping of the exposures to carcinogens and mutagens at work and a systematical registration of cases of cancers attributable to occupational exposures will be placed side to side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Calisti
- ASUR Marche - SPreSAL Epidemiologia Occupazionale - Civitanova Marche, Italy
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27
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Hay K, McDougal L, Percival V, Henry S, Klugman J, Wurie H, Raven J, Shabalala F, Fielding-Miller R, Dey A, Dehingia N, Morgan R, Atmavilas Y, Saggurti N, Yore J, Blokhina E, Huque R, Barasa E, Bhan N, Kharel C, Silverman JG, Raj A. Disrupting gender norms in health systems: making the case for change. Lancet 2019; 393:2535-2549. [PMID: 31155270 PMCID: PMC7233290 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Restrictive gender norms and gender inequalities are replicated and reinforced in health systems, contributing to gender inequalities in health. In this Series paper, we explore how to address all three through recognition and then with disruptive solutions. We used intersectional feminist theory to guide our systematic reviews, qualitative case studies based on lived experiences, and quantitative analyses based on cross-sectional and evaluation research. We found that health systems reinforce patients' traditional gender roles and neglect gender inequalities in health, health system models and clinic-based programmes are rarely gender responsive, and women have less authority as health workers than men and are often devalued and abused. With regard to potential for disruption, we found that gender equality policies are associated with greater representation of female physicians, which in turn is associated with better health outcomes, but that gender parity is insufficient to achieve gender equality. We found that institutional support and respect of nurses improves quality of care, and that women's empowerment collectives can increase health-care access and provider responsiveness. We see promise from social movements in supporting women's reproductive rights and policies. Our findings suggest we must view gender as a fundamental factor that predetermines and shapes health systems and outcomes. Without addressing the role of restrictive gender norms and gender inequalities within and outside health systems, we will not reach our collective ambitions of universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals. We propose action to systematically identify and address restrictive gender norms and gender inequalities in health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lotus McDougal
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Valerie Percival
- Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Sarah Henry
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeni Klugman
- Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA; Women and Public Policy Program, Harvard Kennedy School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Haja Wurie
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Joanna Raven
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Rebecca Fielding-Miller
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arnab Dey
- Sambodhi Research & Communications, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Rosemary Morgan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer Yore
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elena Blokhina
- Vladman Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, First Pavlov State Medical University of St Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Edwine Barasa
- Kemri-Wellcome Trust, Kenya Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nandita Bhan
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Jay G Silverman
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anita Raj
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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28
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Gupta GR, Oomman N, Grown C, Conn K, Hawkes S, Shawar YR, Shiffman J, Buse K, Mehra R, Bah CA, Heise L, Greene ME, Weber AM, Heymann J, Hay K, Raj A, Henry S, Klugman J, Darmstadt GL. Gender equality and gender norms: framing the opportunities for health. Lancet 2019; 393:2550-2562. [PMID: 31155276 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals offer the global health community a strategic opportunity to promote human rights, advance gender equality, and achieve health for all. The inability of the health sector to accelerate progress on a range of health outcomes brings into sharp focus the substantial impact of gender inequalities and restrictive gender norms on health risks and behaviours. In this paper, the fifth in a Series on gender equality, norms, and health, we draw on evidence to dispel three myths on gender and health and describe persistent barriers to progress. We propose an agenda for action to reduce gender inequality and shift gender norms for improved health outcomes, calling on leaders in national governments, global health institutions, civil society organisations, academic settings, and the corporate sector to focus on health outcomes and engage actors across sectors to achieve them; reform the workplace and workforce to be more gender-equitable; fill gaps in data and eliminate gender bias in research; fund civil-society actors and social movements; and strengthen accountability mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Hawkes
- University College London, Centre for Gender and Global Health, London, UK
| | - Yusra Ribhi Shawar
- Bloomberg School of Public Health and Paul H Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy Shiffman
- Bloomberg School of Public Health and Paul H Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Rekha Mehra
- Independent Consultant, Economist and Gender Specialist, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Lori Heise
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health and School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Ann M Weber
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jody Heymann
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Anita Raj
- Department of Medicine, Center on Gender Equity and Health University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Henry
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeni Klugman
- Women and Public Policy Program, Harvard Kennedy School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gary L Darmstadt
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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29
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Sharma DC. India: health workers strike after attack on junior doctor. Lancet 2019; 393:2480. [PMID: 31232359 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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GÄRTNER J, ROSA RR, ROACH G, KUBO T, TAKAHASHI M. Working Time Society consensus statements: Regulatory approaches to reduce risks associated with shift work-a global comparison. Ind Health 2019; 57:245-263. [PMID: 30700673 PMCID: PMC6449633 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.sw-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A large number of workers worldwide engage in shift work that can have significant influences upon the quality of working life. For most jurisdictions, setting and enforcing appropriate policies, regulations, and rules around shift work is considered essential to (a) prevent potentially negative consequences of shift work and (b) to improve worker health and well-being. However, the best ways to do this are often highly contested theoretical spaces and often culturally and historically bound. In this paper, we examine the regulatory approaches to regulating shift work in four different regions: Europe, North America, Australasia, and East Asia (Japan, China, and Korea). Despite the fact that social and cultural factors vary considerably across the regions, comparing regulatory frameworks and initiatives in one region can be instructive. Different approaches can minimally provide a contrast to stimulate discussion about custom and practice and, potentially, help us to develop new and innovative models to improve worker well-being and organizational productivity simultaneously. In this paper, our goal is not to develop or even advocate a "perfect" sets of regulations. Rather, it is to compare and contrast the diversity and changing landscape of current regulatory practices and to help organizations and regulators understand the costs and benefits of different approaches. For example, in recent years, many western countries have seen a shift away from prescriptive regulation toward more risk-based approaches. Advocates and critics vary considerably in what drove these changes and the benefit-cost analyses associated with their introduction. By understanding the different ways in which shift work can be regulated, it may be possible to learn from others and to better promote healthier and safer environments for shift-working individuals and workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger R. ROSA
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,
USA
| | | | - Tomohide KUBO
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health,
Japan
| | - Masaya TAKAHASHI
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health,
Japan
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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31
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HONN KA, VAN DONGEN HP, DAWSON D. Working Time Society consensus statements: Prescriptive rule sets and risk management-based approaches for the management of fatigue-related risk in working time arrangements. Ind Health 2019; 57:264-280. [PMID: 30700674 PMCID: PMC6449640 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.sw-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, working time arrangements to limit fatigue-related risk have taken a prescriptive approach, which sets maximum shift durations in order to prevent excessive buildup of fatigue (and the associated increased risk) within shifts and sets minimum break durations to allow adequate time for rest and recovery within and/or between shifts. Prescriptive rule sets can be successful when, from a fatigue-related risk standpoint, they classify safe work hours as permitted and unsafe work hours as not permitted. However, prescriptive rule sets ignore important aspects of the biological factors (such as the interaction between circadian and homeostatic processes) that drive fatigue, which are critical modulators of the relationship between work hours and fatigue-related risk. As such, in around-the-clock operations when people must work outside of normal daytime hours, the relationship between regulatory compliance and safety tends to break down, and thus these rule sets become less effective. To address this issue, risk management-based approaches have been designed to regulate the procedures associated with managing fatigue-related risk. These risk management-based approaches are suitable for nighttime operations and a variety of other non-standard work schedules, and can be tailored to the particular job or industry. Although the purpose of these fatigue risk management approaches is to curb fatigue risk, fatigue risk cannot be measured directly. Thus, the goal is not on regulating fatigue risk per se, but rather to put in place procedures that serve to address fatigue before, during, and after potential fatigue-related incidents. Examples include predictive mathematical modeling of fatigue for work scheduling, proactive fatigue monitoring in the workplace, and reactive post-incident follow-up. With different risks and different needs across industries, there is no "one size fits all" approach to managing fatigue-related risk. However, hybrid strategies combining prescriptive rule sets and risk management-based approaches can create the flexibility necessary to reduce fatigue-related risk based on the specific needs of different work environments while maintaining appropriate regulatory oversight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A. HONN
- Sleep and Performance Research Center and Elson S. Floyd
College of Medicine, Washington State University, USA
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Hans P.A. VAN DONGEN
- Sleep and Performance Research Center and Elson S. Floyd
College of Medicine, Washington State University, USA
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Abstract
Occupational health in Israel is unique as it was originally established as a socialized service which anchored in extensive legislation and is accessible to all employees and employers without copayment. We review historical processes and legal basis that led to current structure of public occupational medicine services in Israel. Some of these go back a century and others extend way back to biblical times. Representative case studies from the field are used to illustrate its scope of practice. Legislative changes that exempted the employers from participation in financing occupational health have led to severe budget cuts, jeopardizing the future provision and key principles of occupational healthcare. We discuss future aspects of recommended development vectors for policy making that will preserve the structure of occupational health services and benefits it offers to all workers in Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilah Rinsky-Halivni
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Clalit Health Services, Jerusalem, Israel
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chaim Cohen
- Occupational Health Center, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The School of Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomo Moshe
- The School of Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Holon, Israel
| | - Eric Amster
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Haifa School of Public Health, Haifa, Israel
- T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Boston, USA
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Sámano-Ríos ML. [Child labour and occupational health in Mexico: a challenge for medicine]. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2019; 56:550-557. [PMID: 30889344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Occupational Health is a transdisciplinary activity relatively less known and under-developed in Mexico. Its objective is the well-being of workers: physical, mental and social spheres. Hygiene, safety, ergonomics, psychology, medicine, physiotherapy, rehabilitation, sociology, anthropology, law and economics, are some examples of the disciplines involved in the field of Occupational Health. Child labour is all productive activity carried out by persons under 18 years old, with or without compensation, which is harmful to their physical, mental and social development. In Mexico more than 2.5 million children and adolescents face this situation. Most of them work in the informal sector where hazardous work environment may exist and occupational health activities or at least, occupational medicine services are missing. Promoting the work of children is not a moral act but poverty and inequity that force them to work in some countries is happening every day. Without better alternatives, eradication of child labour in the short or medium term does not seem a realistic goal. This paper highlights the need for a new way of thinking about child labour: child work that is safe. Social and professional awareness about the reality of child labour and occupational health potential could represent the opportunity to at least make child labour into safe child work. Physicians may have a privileged position to lead that transformation, if provided with the right training and tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Leticia Sámano-Ríos
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Salud Pública. Ciudad de México, México
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Hoge A, Ehmann AT, Rieger MA, Siegel A. Caring for Workers' Health: Do German Employers Follow a Comprehensive Approach Similar to the Total Worker Health Concept? Results of a Survey in an Economically Powerful Region in Germany. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16050726. [PMID: 30823428 PMCID: PMC6427417 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Similar to ‘Total Worker Health’ in the United States (USA), ‘Workplace Health Management’ in Germany is a holistic strategy to protect, promote, and manage employees’ health at the workplace. It consists of four subcategories. While the subcategories ‘occupational health and safety’ and ‘reintegration management’ contain measures prescribed by law, ‘workplace health promotion’ and ‘personnel development’ can be designed more individually by the companies. The present study focused on the current implementation of voluntary and legally required measures of the four subcategories, as well as companies’ satisfaction with the implementation. A total of N = 222/906 companies (small, medium, and big enterprises of one German county) answered a standardized questionnaire addressing the implementation of health-related measures, satisfaction with the implementation, and several company characteristics. In the subcategory ‘occupational health and safety’, 23.9% of the companies fulfilled all of the legally required measures, whereas in the category ‘reintegration management’, that rate amounted to 50.9%. There was a positive correlation between company size and the implementation grade, and as well between company size and the fulfilling of measures required by law. Companies tended to be more satisfied with higher implementation grades. Nevertheless, a surprisingly high proportion of the companies with poor implementation indicated satisfaction with the measures’ implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Hoge
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 27, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Anna T Ehmann
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 27, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Monika A Rieger
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 27, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Achim Siegel
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 27, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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Rubio-Romero JC, Suárez-Cebador M, Pardo-Ferreira MDC, de la Varga-Salto JM, Carrillo-Castrillo JA. Does Europe Need an EU Product Safety Directive for Access Scaffolding? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16010103. [PMID: 30609731 PMCID: PMC6338968 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The main requirement established for the development of European Union product safety directives is to ensure a high level of safety for users. This research aims to analyze whether Europe needs a product safety directive for scaffolding and identify the main factors to be defined in public policies on the use of standardized scaffolding in the absence of such a directive. The principal types of scaffolding were reviewed, along with European regulations, and their risk levels. Finally, a qualitative study using a panel of experts was conducted to determine the differences between types of scaffolding and whether the enactment of such a directive would be justified. Key results were that the risk level associated with scaffolding positioned it third or fourth between material agents more hazardous in relation to falls from height. There is no existing product safety directive for scaffolding, despite the fact that there are directives for other products less dangerous than or as dangerous as scaffolding. However, there are noncompulsory standards EN 12810-1-2 and EN 12811-1-2-3-4 for scaffolding, which would form the basis of the essential requirements contained in a directive if it were created. The experts highlighted significant differences between “standardized” and “nonstandardized” scaffolding, with higher safety levels and productivity, and better maintenance, inspection, assembly, and dismantling associated with the former, and lower costs with the latter. Thus, they found that the enacting of an EU product safety directive for scaffolding would be justifiable, and in its absence supported the promotion of the use of standardized scaffolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Rubio-Romero
- School of Industrial Engineering, C/ Dr. Ortiz Ramos s/n, Campus de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Manuel Suárez-Cebador
- School of Industrial Engineering, C/ Dr. Ortiz Ramos s/n, Campus de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | | | - José María de la Varga-Salto
- School of Industrial Engineering, C/ Dr. Ortiz Ramos s/n, Campus de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
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Wong IS, Dawson D, VAN Dongen HPA. International consensus statements on non-standard working time arrangements and occupational health and safety. Ind Health 2019; 57:135-138. [PMID: 30930407 PMCID: PMC6449635 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.57_202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Imelda S Wong
- US Department of Human and Health Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety, USA
| | - Drew Dawson
- The Appleton Institute, CQUniversity, Australia
| | - Hans P A VAN Dongen
- Sleep and Performance Research Center and Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, USA
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El-Khoury Lesueur F. Prostitution is a symptom of structural inequalities. BMJ 2018; 362:k3631. [PMID: 30232118 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k3631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne El-Khoury Lesueur
- Sorbonne université IPLESP, Equipe de recherche en épidémiologie sociale (ERES), Faculté de médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, pôle Saint-Antoine, 27 rue de Chaligny, Paris 75012, France
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Atusingwize E, Musinguzi G, Ndejjo R, Buregyeya E, Kayongo B, Mubeezi R, Mugambe RK, Ali Halage A, Sekimpi DK, Bazeyo W, Wang JS, Ssempebwa JC. Occupational safety and health regulations and implementation challenges in Uganda. Arch Environ Occup Health 2018; 74:58-65. [PMID: 30222090 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2018.1492895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The burden of occupational diseases and injuries is high in developing countries due to several challenges including poor regulatory frameworks. To explore the status of occupational safety and health (OSH) policies and related implementation challenges in Uganda, we reviewed OSH regulations and conducted key informant interviews with stakeholders. We found that the existing OSH laws were largely outdated compared to the current needs of workplaces. Challenges affecting implementation are related to: gaps in the legal framework, low public awareness about OSH, poor planning, and limited human capacity, transparency, and accountability. Measures to address these gaps including training, upgrading OSH laws and policies, and prioritization are warranted to improve the status of OSH in Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwinah Atusingwize
- a Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Geofrey Musinguzi
- a Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Rawlance Ndejjo
- a Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Esther Buregyeya
- a Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Barbara Kayongo
- b Ministry of Gender, Labor and Social Development , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Ruth Mubeezi
- a Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Richard K Mugambe
- a Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Abdullah Ali Halage
- a Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Deogratious K Sekimpi
- a Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University , Kampala , Uganda
- c Uganda National Association of Community and Occupational Health , Kampala , Uganda
| | - William Bazeyo
- a Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Jia-Sheng Wang
- d Department of Environmental Health Sciences , College of Public Health, University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - John C Ssempebwa
- a Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University , Kampala , Uganda
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Algranti E, Giannasi F, Sousa Santana V. [The fight for the asbestos ban in Brazil and the 2nd International seminar "Brazil without asbestos"]. Epidemiol Prev 2018; 42:388-390. [PMID: 30370748 DOI: 10.19191/ep18.5-6.p388.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Giannasi
- Auditora-Fiscal do Trabalho (aposentada), Rede Virtual-Cidadã pelo Banimento do Amianto para a América Latina, San Paolo (Brasile)
- Associação Brasileira dos Expostos ao Amianto (ABREA), Osasco, Stato di San Paolo (Brasile)
| | - Vilma Sousa Santana
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador de Bahia (Brasile)
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Reiss DR, Dubal VB. Influenza Mandates and Religious Accommodation: Avoiding Legal Pitfalls. J Law Med Ethics 2018; 46:756-762. [PMID: 30336078 DOI: 10.1177/1073110518804237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Influenza mandates in health care institutions are recommended by professional associations as an effective way to prevent the contraction of influenza by patients from health care workers. Health care institutions with such mandates must operate within civil rights frameworks. A recent set of cases against health care institutions with influenza mandates reveals the liabilities posed by federal law that protects employees from religious discrimination. This article examines this legal framework and draws important lessons from this litigation for health care institutions. We argue counterintuitively that providing religious exemptions from influenza mandates may expose health care institutions to more liability than not providing a formal exemption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Rubinstein Reiss
- Dorit Rubinstein Reiss, LL.B., Ph.D., is a Professor of Law at the University of California, Hastings College of the Law who specializes in law and policy related to vaccines. V.B. Dubal, J.D., Ph.D., is an Associate Professor of Law at the University of California, Hastings College of the Law who specializes in employment law and employment discrimination, and researches the intersection of work law and social change
| | - V B Dubal
- Dorit Rubinstein Reiss, LL.B., Ph.D., is a Professor of Law at the University of California, Hastings College of the Law who specializes in law and policy related to vaccines. V.B. Dubal, J.D., Ph.D., is an Associate Professor of Law at the University of California, Hastings College of the Law who specializes in employment law and employment discrimination, and researches the intersection of work law and social change
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Parmet WE. Beyond Employer-Mandates: Improving Influenza Vaccination Rates among Health Care Workers. J Law Med Ethics 2018; 46:763-765. [PMID: 30336083 DOI: 10.1177/1073110518804238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy E Parmet
- Wendy E. Parmet, J.D., is the Matthews Distinguished University Professor of Law and Director, Center for Health Policy and Law; Professor of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, Northeastern University School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs
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Folletti I, Gualtieri G, Dell'Omo M, Cuomo A, Coluccia A, Lancia M. Riflessioni medico-legali su un caso giudizario di mobbing. Riv Psichiatr 2018; 53:274-277. [PMID: 30353203 DOI: 10.1708/3000.30007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lo stress e le violenze morali nei luoghi di lavoro, come indicato dai dati epidemiologici, sono in costante aumento e rappresentano una causa di alterazione dello stato di salute dei lavoratori, con importanti ricadute negative sui soggetti, sulle aziende e sulla società. Nel caso descritto qui di seguito, le violenze morali e la disfunzionalità organizzativa, una delle principali fonti di stress correlato al lavoro, sono state intenzionalmente impiegate quale mezzo mobbizzante nei confronti di un lavoratore da parte dei suoi superiori (mobbing verticale). Attraverso il procedimento giudiziario, intrapreso dal lavoratore per vedersi riconosciuto vittima di mobbing, è stato possibile ripercorrere e identificare le ragioni e le modalità dell'azione mobbizzante, l'eziopatogenesi della conseguente psicopatologia, la sua strutturazione e la manifestazione sintomatologica. L'esame del caso permette di formulare delle considerazioni riguardo la necessità che i casi di mobbing siano trattati all'interno di un team multidisciplinare (medico di famiglia, medico del lavoro, psichiatra e medico legale) al fine di garantire un efficace trattamento terapeutico e la tutela del lavoratore nei diversi ambiti previsti dalla legge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Folletti
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Sezione di Medicina del Lavoro, Malattie Respiratorie e Tossicologia Professionali e Ambientali, Università di Perugia
| | - Giacomo Gualtieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Neuroscienze, Università di Siena
| | - Marco Dell'Omo
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Sezione di Medicina del Lavoro, Malattie Respiratorie e Tossicologia Professionali e Ambientali, Università di Perugia
| | | | - Anna Coluccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Neuroscienze, Università di Siena
| | - Massimo Lancia
- Sezione di Medicina Legale, Scienze Forensi e Medicina dello Sport, Università di Perugia
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Palacios Nava ME, Moreno Sánchez AR, Paz Román MDP, García García JJ, Nava Hernández R. Situation of Occupational and Environmental Health in Mexico. Ann Glob Health 2018; 84:348-359. [PMID: 30835374 PMCID: PMC6748257 DOI: 10.29024/aogh.2317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mexico has a great diversity and richness of natural resources, but evaluations of the quality of life of Mexicans show the deep inequalities and the gap between rich and poor. While 5% of families concentrate 58% of the wealth, the health spending in environment and health is 0.2 and 2.7 of the GDP respectively. This has repercussions both on the gradual deterioration of the environment and on the insufficient health and social security coverage of the working population. OBJECTIVE To describe the current situation of occupational and environmental health in Mexico. METHODS A bibliographic review was performed on the socioeconomic, demographic, environmental, legal and health status of the Economically Active Population (EAP). FINDINGS There is a constant deterioration of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, accompanied by an increase in environmental pollution in large cities. The unemployment rate of the EAP has decreased in one year to 3.4%, but the informal labor rate reached 57.3%, which translates into population without social security. Compliance with legislation for the protection of workers' health is insufficient. The recent amendments to the law have meant a setback in these respects. The reported information on accidents and occupational diseases corresponds to only 34% of workers. There has been a decrease in the rate of work accidents in the last six years, but an increase in diseases and permanent disabilities. During 2016, the first cause of occupational illness was hearing loss, but the profile was dominated by musculoskeletal diseases, which together reached 36.5%. CONCLUSIONS To improve the occupational and environmental health situation, it is necessary to implement general and particular measures against inequalities, increase the budget in health and environment, enforce legislation and expand social security coverage to the population. These measures should be part of public policies as well as actions of academics and researchers.
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Pilusa ML, Mogotlane MS. Worker knowledge of occupational legislation and related health and safety benefits. Curationis 2018; 41:e1-e6. [PMID: 30035602 PMCID: PMC6111569 DOI: 10.4102/curationis.v41i1.1869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental hazards such as fumes, gases, poor ventilation and extreme temperatures might lead to occupational illnesses and injuries. To protect workers from potential occupational health and safety risks, the government has promulgated occupational legislation that must be implemented in work settings. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to explore the knowledge of workers about occupational legislation and its benefits for their health and safety. The aim was to make recommendations that would be implemented to improve the knowledge and compliance with occupational legislation as advised by the occupational health nurse. METHODS A quantitative approach was used for this study. One hundred and ten respondents were sampled from an accessible population of 1590 workers. A self-administered questionnaire was used for gathering data. Data were analysed through descriptive analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. RESULTS Research findings indicated that only 18 (16.36%) respondents were knowledgeable about occupational legislation. Eighty-two (75.54%) respondents were unable to mention even one occupational act by name. Respondents mentioned five benefits of occupational legislation for the health and safety of workers. These benefits were that legislation ensured safety, gave rights to workers, ensured compensation for occupational injuries and illnesses, and provided guidance in the prevention of occupational injuries and illnesses. CONCLUSION Most respondents (75.54%) were found not to be knowledgeable about occupational legislation. The positive finding was that respondents knew the benefits of occupational legislation. To improve the respondents' knowledge about legislation, five recommendations are made by the researcher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogale L Pilusa
- Department of Nursing Science, Tshwane University of Technology.
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Mohammad N, Abidin EZ, How V, Praveena SM, Hashim Z. Pesticide management approach towards protecting the safety and health of farmers in Southeast Asia. Rev Environ Health 2018; 33:123-134. [PMID: 29055177 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2017-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is estimated that pesticide production and use have increased continuously in the countries of Southeast Asia in recent years. Within the context of protecting the safety and health of workers in the agricultural sector, there is an existing gap in the implementation of the pesticide management framework because safety and health effects arising from occupational exposures continue to be reported. OBJECTIVE This study aims to provide narrative similarities, differences and weaknesses of the existing pesticide management system in Southeast Asian countries (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam) within the context of occupational safety and health. METHODS This is preliminary traditional review study. Pesticide regulation and management at the country level were identified using web-based search engines such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed and Google. Book, reports, legislation document and other documents retrieved were also gathered from international organizations and specific websites of governmental agency in Southeast Asian countries. The scope of this review is only limited to literature written in English. In total, 44 review articles, reports and documents were gathered for this study. The approach of pesticide management in protecting safety and health in the agricultural setting were benchmarked according to the elements introduced by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, namely, (1) the protection of workers and (2) the practice of safety. RESULTS All countries have assigned a local authority and government organization to manage and control pesticide use in the agricultural sector. The countries with the highest usage of pesticide are Thailand, Philippines and Malaysia. Most Southeast Asian countries have emphasized safety practice in the management of pesticide usage, but there were less emphasis on the element of protection of workers within the framework in Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. CONCLUSION The governing bodies in the countries of Southeast Asia have placed significant effort to develop framework related to pesticide management at the country level. The implementation of pesticide management based on the existing framework is evident in most of the countries but needs to be improved. It is suggested that emphasis be given to the implementation of diagnosis, health surveillance and reporting system as well as following or adopting standard guidelines for the protection of workers in terms of safety and health in the agricultural sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norsyazwani Mohammad
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Emilia Zainal Abidin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, Phone: +603 89472643, Fax: +603 8947 2395
| | - Vivien How
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sarva Mangala Praveena
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zailina Hashim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Krief P, Zellweger A, Politis Mercier MP, Danuser B, Wild P, Zenoni M, Probst I. Protection of pregnant women at work in Switzerland: practices, obstacles and resources. A mixed-methods study protocol. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e023532. [PMID: 29903801 PMCID: PMC6009567 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Like most industrialised countries, Switzerland has introduced legislation to protect the health of pregnant workers and their unborn children from workplace exposure. This legislation provides for a risk assessment, adaptations to workplaces and, if the danger is not eliminated, preventive leave (prescribed by a gynaecologist). This study's first objective is to analyse the degree to which companies, gynaecologists and midwives implement the law. Its second objective is to understand the obstacles and resources of this implementation, with a focus on how relevant stakeholders perceive protective measures and their involvement with them. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Data will be collected using mixed methods: (1) online questionnaires for gynaecologists and midwives; telephone questionnaires with company human resources (HR) managers in the healthcare and food production sectors; (2a) case studies of 6-8 companies in each sector, including interviews with stakeholders such as women workers, HR managers and occupational health physicians; (2b) two focus groups, one involving occupational physicians and hygienists, one involving labour inspectors.Quantitative data will be analysed statistically using STATA software V.15. Qualitative data will be transcribed and thematically analysed using MaxQDA software. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Human Research Ethics Committee of the Canton Vaud (CER-VD) has certified that this research study protocol falls outside of the field of application of the Swiss Federal Act on Research Involving Humans.The publications and recommendations resulting from this study will form the starting point for future improvements to the protection of pregnant women at work and their unborn children.This study started in February 2017 and will continue until January 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Krief
- Occupational Health, Institute for Work and Health (IST), Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Zellweger
- Occupational Health, Institute for Work and Health (IST), Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Health Sciences (HESAV), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria-Pia Politis Mercier
- School of Health Sciences (HESAV), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brigitta Danuser
- Occupational Health, Institute for Work and Health (IST), Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Wild
- Occupational Health, Institute for Work and Health (IST), Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Scientific Management, INRS, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Michela Zenoni
- Occupational Health, Institute for Work and Health (IST), Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Probst
- School of Health Sciences (HESAV), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Moores BM. Inconsistencies and omissions in the implementation of IRR17 to medical, dental and veterinary practices. J Radiol Prot 2018; 38:868-872. [PMID: 29442074 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/aaaf28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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Smith AN, Klahn S, Phillips B, Parshley L, Bennett P, Flory A, Calderon R. ACVIM small animal consensus statement on safe use of cytotoxic chemotherapeutics in veterinary practice. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:904-913. [PMID: 29603372 PMCID: PMC5980460 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this report is to offer a consensus opinion of ACVIM oncology diplomates and technicians on the safe use of cytotoxic chemotherapeutics in veterinary practice. The focus is on minimizing harm to the personnel exposed to the drugs: veterinary practitioners, veterinary technicians, veterinary staff, and pet owners. The safety of the patient receiving these drugs is also of paramount importance, but is not addressed in this statement. Much of the information presented is based on national recommendations by Occupational Safety and Health Administration, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, United States Pharmacopeia, and other published regulations. These directives reflect an abundance of caution to minimize exposure to medical personnel, but large-scale studies about the consequences of long-term occupational exposure are not available in veterinary medicine. Challenges in the delivery of optimal treatment safely and economically to veterinary patients in general practice without access to a veterinary oncologist or other specialist, because of costs or proximity, remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette N. Smith
- Department of Clinical SciencesAuburn University College of Veterinary MedicineAuburnAlabama
| | - Shawna Klahn
- Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesVirginia–Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginia
| | - Brenda Phillips
- Oncology Veterinary Specialty Hospital of San DiegoSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Lisa Parshley
- Oncology Olympia Veterinary Cancer CenterOlympiaWashington
| | - Peter Bennett
- Oncology University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Sydney, University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Andi Flory
- Oncology Veterinary Specialty Hospital of San DiegoSan DiegoCalifornia
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